The International journal on drug policy
January 1, 2022
Brian S Barnett, Sloane E Parker, Jeremy Weleff
57 citations
Despite a global resurgence in clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted therapies for mental health and addiction—mostly funded privately—the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH), the world's largest public biomedical funder, has not directly supported any such trial. A search of NIH grants from 2006 to 2020 for trials involving MDMA, 5-MeO-DMT, ayahuasca, DMT, ibogaine, LSD, mescaline, peyote, or psilocybin found zero grants directly funding psychedelic-assisted therapy clinical trials. Possible reasons include concerns about risks, a federal law barring promotion of Schedule 1 drug legalization, and prioritization of other psychedelic research.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
March 1, 2024
Brian S Barnett, Miranda Arakelian, David Beebe et al.
28 citations
A repeat survey of American psychiatrists in 2022-23 found a striking increase in optimism about the therapeutic use of hallucinogens compared to 2016. Among 131 respondents (13.1% response rate), 80.9% moderately or strongly believed hallucinogens show promise for psychiatric conditions, and 60.8% for substance use disorders. Large majorities supported research into therapeutic potential (93.9% for psychiatric conditions, 88.6% for substance use disorders) and federal funding of clinical trials. Concern about risks decreased, and 50.4% reported moderate or strong intentions to incorporate hallucinogen-assisted therapy into their practice if regulatory approval is granted.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
June 1, 2024
Brian S Barnett, Akhil Anand, Elizabeth N Dewey et al.
20 citations
From 2015 to 2019, the proportion of Americans who perceived 'great' risk in trying LSD fell from 70.5% to 64.8%, a statistically significant linear decline. Lower perceived risk was associated with later survey year, personal LSD use, younger age, higher education, male gender, identifying as a sexual minority, and past-year psychological distress. Higher perceived risk was linked to identifying as Black or Hispanic, past-year suicide attempt, and having children at home. Among respondents under 18, Hispanic identity showed no association, and male gender was linked to higher perceived risk. Most Americans still perceive great risk in trying LSD.
Palliative & Supportive Care
November 3, 2022
Lisa Reynolds, Brian S. Barnett, Jeremy Weleff et al.
19 citations
Cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA perceive psychedelic-assisted therapy as potentially beneficial for cancer patients, especially those with advanced disease no longer receiving curative treatment. They consider research in this area important and express willingness to refer patients to trials, though they emphasize that work should incorporate spiritual and indigenous perspectives of health. US practitioners had greater awareness of psychedelics, while New Zealand practitioners more strongly believed that spiritual and indigenous factors should be considered. The findings suggest that practitioners may be more open to studies beginning in palliative and end-of-life contexts.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
October 11, 2022
Jeremy Weleff, Teddy J. Akiki, Brian S. Barnett
11 citations
After decades of limited research, interest in using psychedelics as psychiatric treatments has revived. A bibliometric analysis of 394 clinical studies on 5-MeO-DMT, ayahuasca, DMT, LSD, ibogaine, mescaline, MDMA, and psilocybin published from 1965 to 2021 found that publications resurged after a lull from the 1970s to the 1990s. MDMA was the most frequently studied substance (49%), followed by LSD (19%), psilocybin (18%), and ayahuasca (7%). Comparing studies from 1965-2009 with those from 2010-2021, the recent cohort had a higher proportion of studies on therapeutic applications and a lower proportion on effects in non-research settings. Psilocybin studies increased proportionally, while DMT and mescaline studies decreased. Researchers in the United Kingdom had the most diverse international collaborations.
British journal of clinical pharmacology
December 1, 2024
Jeremy Weleff, Julio C Nunes, Gabriel P A Costa et al.
8 citations
Chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) are two interconnected public health crises that lack effective treatments. This review examines whether psychedelics could serve as novel therapeutics by acting on shared brain mechanisms underlying both conditions. Preclinical and human evidence suggests psychedelics may reverse pain- and opioid-induced neuroadaptations like central sensitization. The authors map how psychedelics could modulate overlapping dimensions of pain (sensory, affective, cognitive) and opioid-related phenomena (craving, withdrawal). They note a scarcity of controlled studies but propose mechanistic insights and methodological guidelines for future clinical trials. The goal is to accelerate development of alternatives to opioids amid the escalating crisis.
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
February 1, 2024
Jeremy Weleff, Akhil Anand, Elizabeth N. Dewey et al.
8 citations
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use in the United States increased by 47% from 2015 to 2019, rising from 0.59% to 0.87% of the population. Among people with past-year hallucinogen use disorder, the proportion of LSD users did not significantly increase. Factors associated with LSD use included easier access to LSD, lower perceived risk of trying it, low income, fewer children in the home, recent contact with drug sellers, and, among adults 18 and older, a past-year suicide attempt. No associations were found with unemployment, arrest history, or psychological distress. Over the study period, LSD users became more likely to be ages 26–34 and married, and lifetime methamphetamine users also increased their LSD use. LSD remains uncommon and does not appear to be a major public health burden.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
August 31, 2023
Alexsandra Kovacevich, Jeremy Weleff, Benjamin Claytor et al.
6 citations
Three individuals with smell loss—one from a respiratory infection, one from childhood, and one from COVID-19—reported improved olfactory function after using psychedelics: 6 g of psilocybin mushrooms, 100 µg of LSD, or microdosing 0.1 g of psilocybin mushrooms three times. These are the first such cases recorded in academic literature. Possible mechanisms include serotonergic effects, increased neuroplasticity, and anti-inflammatory actions. The authors suggest that the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for olfactory impairment warrant further investigation.
Psychiatric Annals
September 1, 2022
Brian S. Barnett, Jeremy Weleff
6 citations
Psychedelics such as LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin may hold treatment potential for alcohol, opioid, tobacco, and other substance use disorders, based on growing evidence from observational studies and clinical trials. The mechanisms are not fully understood, but the subjective psychedelic experience appears necessary for therapeutic effects, possibly serving as a turning point that elicits lasting behavioral change. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed and some are underway. Even with compelling evidence, these substances may face challenges to integration into current treatment paradigms due to clinician concerns about addictive potential and philosophical objections from 12-step facilitation programs.
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
January 21, 2025
Alejandra Pulido-Saavedra, Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva, Tiago Paiva Prudente et al.
5 citations
The opioid crisis has driven a search for new treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). A systematic review of 40 preclinical animal studies found that the psychedelic compounds 18-methoxycoronaridine (18-MC), ibogaine, noribogaine, and ketamine generally reduced opioid self-administration, eased withdrawal symptoms, and altered conditioned place preference. However, seven studies showed no improvement over controls. Most research has focused on iboga derivatives, which appear effective but carry higher cardiovascular risk than other psychedelics. The review calls for more translational and clinical studies that test a broader range of psychedelic agents and explore mechanisms, safety, dosing, and treatment frequency.
Psychiatry research
June 1, 2025
Jeremy Weleff, Alejandra Pulido-Saavedra, Ardavan Mohammad Aghaei et al.
4 citations
A systematic review of clinical studies on psychedelics for opioid use disorder found few completed trials using serotonergic psychedelics; most investigated ibogaine or ketamine. The evidence is limited by weak study designs focused on opioid withdrawal, few double-blind or placebo-controlled trials, and considerable methodological heterogeneity that makes comparisons across compounds difficult. Most studies had a high risk of bias, mainly due to lack of randomization, blinding, and blinded outcome assessment. The review outlines these limitations and steps to improve the quality of future research in this area.
Journal of psychoactive drugs
July 2, 2025
Brian S Barnett, Miranda Arakelian, Jeremy Weleff et al.
2 citations
In 2023, a survey of 109 U.S. psychiatry residents found that most had limited formal education on psychedelics during training but strongly desired more instruction. 83.49% believed psychedelics hold promise for psychiatric disorders, though fewer (55.96%) saw similar potential for substance use disorders. Nearly 40% reported that psychedelic-related educational or research opportunities influenced their residency program rankings, and a similar proportion said the possibility of treating patients with psychedelics influenced their decision to pursue psychiatry. Higher knowledge scores and stronger belief in therapeutic potential were linked to greater influence on program ranking. The findings suggest a need to expand psychedelic-focused education in residency.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.)
June 1, 2026
Brian S Barnett, Akhil Anand, Jeremy Weleff et al.
Among US adults who first used LSD at least 5 years ago, only 4.2% reported using it in the past year. Past-year use dropped sharply with time since first use, from 14.4% among those who started 5 years ago to 0.1% among those who started 46–50 years ago. Factors linked to past-year use included being male, never married, living in poverty, higher education, lifetime stimulant use, recent contact with drug sellers, having sold illegal drugs, perceiving LSD as lower risk and more available, and a past-year suicide attempt. Having children at home, living in a small metro area, and more years since first use were linked to lower odds. Perceived risk and availability showed the strongest associations.
Psychedelic Medicine
December 30, 2025
Brian S. Barnett, Akhil Anand, Tatiana Falcone et al.
Between 2015 and 2019, past-year LSD use rose 43% among heterosexual individuals, 58% among bisexual individuals, and 106% among lesbian/gay individuals in the United States. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people were 3.3 to 4.4 times more likely to report past-year LSD use than heterosexual people, depending on the year. Living in poverty, being divorced versus married, living in a small metropolitan area versus a non-metropolitan area, and a past-year suicide attempt were unique correlates of LSD use for heterosexual individuals compared with LGB individuals. The findings suggest a need for targeted harm reduction strategies based on sexual identity.
The American journal on addictions
May 10, 2025
Jessica Van Denend, Jeremy Weleff, Kelly Park et al.
Religion and spirituality (r/s) are often overlooked in harm reduction research, which focuses on reducing the negative consequences of substance use rather than requiring abstinence. This literature review examined 169 papers from 457 identified, finding that 100 discussed alignment between r/s values and harm reduction, 39 described strategic use of r/s resources, 22 addressed substances with religious or spiritual significance (e.g., psychedelics), and 8 discussed r/s support for harm reduction workers. Only 18 papers were coproduced with people with lived/living experience, while 75 were informed by such relationships, and 76 had no noted engagement. The review demonstrates that r/s is relevant beyond abstinence models and suggests opportunities to understand r/s as both a barrier and resource for harm reduction, with proximity to lived experience influencing alignment with harm reduction values.
October 30, 2023
Jeremy Weleff, Julio C. Nunes, Gabriel P. A. Costa et al.
Psychedelics show promise for treating chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD) by acting on shared brain mechanisms that underlie both conditions. Preclinical and human evidence suggests psychedelics may reverse pain- and opioid-induced neuroadaptations such as central sensitization. The review describes how psychedelics could modulate sensory, affective, and cognitive dimensions of pain alongside opioid craving and withdrawal. Despite the clinical need, controlled studies on pain management alternatives for people with OUD or on long-term opioid therapy remain scarce. The authors propose mechanistic insights and methodological considerations for future translational studies and clinical trials to accelerate development of novel therapeutics amid the opioid crisis.
Figshare
January 1, 2021
Jeremy Weleff, Teddy J. Akiki, Brian S. Barnett
A dataset was compiled for a bibliometric analysis of journal articles reporting clinical study findings on eight psychedelic substances—5-MeO-DMT, ayahuasca, DMT, ibogaine, LSD, mescaline, MDMA, and psilocybin—published between 1965 and 2018. The dataset accompanies a preprint article that analyzes the academic literature on these compounds.