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Brian S. Barnett

Case Western Reserve University

17 papers in the library · 167 citations · publishing 2021-2026

Papers

Psychedelic Knowledge and Opinions in Psychiatrists at Two Professional Conferences: An Exploratory Survey

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs August 19, 2021 Brian S. Barnett, Yvan Beaussant, Franklin King et al. 64 citations

Psychiatrists attending psychedelic didactic presentations at two national meetings largely believe psychedelics show treatment promise and strongly support federal funding for medicinal psychedelic research. The most common concerns were lack of trained providers, logistics of therapy delivery, administration for patients with contraindications, and diversion. Desired educational topics included potential benefits, how to conduct therapy, pharmacology, and side effects. Factors associated with increased belief in treatment potential included working primarily in research, higher psychedelic knowledge test scores, and less concern about addictive potential. Support for legalization of non-medicinal use was negatively associated with age and positively associated with support for medicinal legalization.

The perceptions of cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA toward psychedelic-assisted therapy with cancer patients: A cross-sectional survey

Palliative & Supportive Care November 3, 2022 Lisa Reynolds, Brian S. Barnett, Jeremy Weleff et al. 19 citations

Cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA perceive psychedelic-assisted therapy as potentially beneficial for cancer patients, especially those with advanced disease no longer receiving curative treatment. They consider research in this area important and express willingness to refer patients to trials, though they emphasize that work should incorporate spiritual and indigenous perspectives of health. US practitioners had greater awareness of psychedelics, while New Zealand practitioners more strongly believed that spiritual and indigenous factors should be considered. The findings suggest that practitioners may be more open to studies beginning in palliative and end-of-life contexts.

Psychedelic-assisted therapy: An overview for the internist

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine March 1, 2025 Franklin King, Brian S. Barnett, Erin E. Mauney 11 citations

Psychedelic-assisted therapy, using substances like MDMA and psilocybin, shows preliminary efficacy for depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders. Psilocybin, MDMA, and LSD have been designated breakthrough therapies by the FDA. However, in August 2024, the FDA declined to approve MDMA and requested an additional phase 3 trial. Clinicians should prepare for the possible return of psychedelics to medicine.

Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Journal Articles Reporting Results of Psychedelic Clinical Studies

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs October 11, 2022 Jeremy Weleff, Teddy J. Akiki, Brian S. Barnett 11 citations

After decades of limited research, interest in using psychedelics as psychiatric treatments has revived. A bibliometric analysis of 394 clinical studies on 5-MeO-DMT, ayahuasca, DMT, LSD, ibogaine, mescaline, MDMA, and psilocybin published from 1965 to 2021 found that publications resurged after a lull from the 1970s to the 1990s. MDMA was the most frequently studied substance (49%), followed by LSD (19%), psilocybin (18%), and ayahuasca (7%). Comparing studies from 1965-2009 with those from 2010-2021, the recent cohort had a higher proportion of studies on therapeutic applications and a lower proportion on effects in non-research settings. Psilocybin studies increased proportionally, while DMT and mescaline studies decreased. Researchers in the United Kingdom had the most diverse international collaborations.

Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs June 21, 2024 Peter Kenneth Gillman, Brian S. Barnett, Curtis J. Koons et al. 9 citations

A 42-year-old man with treatment-resistant depression experienced a hypertensive emergency with chest pain, palpitations, headache, and ST-elevation on electrocardiogram about half an hour after taking 1 g of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms while on tranylcypromine, extended-release dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, and other medications. He was diagnosed with a myocardial infarction, treated with lorazepam, nitroglycerin, and aspirin, and underwent cardiac catheterization that showed no significant abnormalities. He was discharged after overnight hospitalization with no lasting physical effects. The authors suspect phenylethylamine in the mushrooms interacted with the MAOI and amphetamine to cause the event, noting past studies suggest classic serotonergic psychedelics alone with MAOIs should not produce such emergencies.

LSD use in the United States: Examining user demographics and their evolution from 2015–2019

Journal of Psychedelic Studies February 1, 2024 Jeremy Weleff, Akhil Anand, Elizabeth N. Dewey et al. 8 citations

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use in the United States increased by 47% from 2015 to 2019, rising from 0.59% to 0.87% of the population. Among people with past-year hallucinogen use disorder, the proportion of LSD users did not significantly increase. Factors associated with LSD use included easier access to LSD, lower perceived risk of trying it, low income, fewer children in the home, recent contact with drug sellers, and, among adults 18 and older, a past-year suicide attempt. No associations were found with unemployment, arrest history, or psychological distress. Over the study period, LSD users became more likely to be ages 26–34 and married, and lifetime methamphetamine users also increased their LSD use. LSD remains uncommon and does not appear to be a major public health burden.

Funding Success of United States Federal Grant Applications Proposing to Study Therapeutic Applications of Psychedelics: A Survey Study

Psychoactives February 5, 2025 Brian S. Barnett 7 citations

A survey of researchers who submitted NIH grant applications for therapeutic psychedelic research found that only 16.7% of 24 applications were funded, below the NIH's average 23.4% funding rate for R01-equivalent grants from 1998 to 2023. No applications submitted before 2006–2010 received funding, but the rate since then (19.05–22.2%) aligns with the NIH's annual average of 20.6 ± 1.9% from 2006 to 2023. Respondents perceived funding as more difficult to obtain than for other areas, though recent improvements were noted. The small sample and lack of public data on unfunded applications limit generalizability.

Three Cases of Reported Improvement in Microsmia and Anosmia Following Naturalistic Use of Psilocybin and LSD

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs August 31, 2023 Alexsandra Kovacevich, Jeremy Weleff, Benjamin Claytor et al. 6 citations

Three individuals with smell loss—one from a respiratory infection, one from childhood, and one from COVID-19—reported improved olfactory function after using psychedelics: 6 g of psilocybin mushrooms, 100 µg of LSD, or microdosing 0.1 g of psilocybin mushrooms three times. These are the first such cases recorded in academic literature. Possible mechanisms include serotonergic effects, increased neuroplasticity, and anti-inflammatory actions. The authors suggest that the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for olfactory impairment warrant further investigation.

Psychedelic Medicine's Future Depends on Proactive Development of a Robust Medical Billing and Coding Strategy.

Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) March 1, 2023 Brian S. Barnett, Andrey Ostrovsky 6 citations

Psychedelic therapies are approaching regulatory approval in the United States, but a major barrier to equitable patient access is the lack of specific medical billing codes for their delivery. The authors argue that developing new billing codes through the American Medical Association's Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Editorial Panel is the best approach, but note challenges: no similar existing services to guide development, the potential need for multiple providers during dosing sessions, limited mental health care representation on the panel, and misconceptions about psychedelic therapy. An industry-sponsored application for new CPT codes for "psychedelic drug monitoring services" is under review, but questions remain about flexibility and provider qualifications. The effort marks a critical step toward creating a robust billing strategy.

Case report: Prolonged amelioration of mild red-green color vision deficiency following psilocybin mushroom use

Drug Science Policy and Law January 1, 2023 Brian S. Barnett, Noah Wiles Sweat, Peter S. Hendricks 6 citations

A person with red-green color blindness (mild deuteranomalia) self-administered the Ishihara color vision test before and after taking 5 grams of dried psilocybin mushrooms. Partial improvement in color vision peaked at 8 days and lasted at least 16 days after taking psilocybin, though later observations were confounded by additional substance use. The improvement extended beyond the acute drug effect, even though color blindness is typically a genetic condition. The authors call for systematic research to confirm these findings and understand the mechanism.

Psychedelics in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Psychiatric Annals September 1, 2022 Brian S. Barnett, Jeremy Weleff 6 citations

Psychedelics such as LSD, MDMA, and psilocybin may hold treatment potential for alcohol, opioid, tobacco, and other substance use disorders, based on growing evidence from observational studies and clinical trials. The mechanisms are not fully understood, but the subjective psychedelic experience appears necessary for therapeutic effects, possibly serving as a turning point that elicits lasting behavioral change. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed and some are underway. Even with compelling evidence, these substances may face challenges to integration into current treatment paradigms due to clinician concerns about addictive potential and philosophical objections from 12-step facilitation programs.

Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelics for Treating Anosmia: An Investigation of Online Accounts

Journal of Psychoactive Drugs March 1, 2025 Alexsandra Kovacevich, Ian Dorney, Lukas Bobak et al. 1 citation

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, smell loss (olfactory dysfunction) has become more common, but effective treatments are scarce. Anecdotal reports suggest that serotonergic psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin might help. Analyzing 125 online posts from people with self-reported smell loss, 108 (86.4%) reported improvements in their sense of smell after using psychedelics. Of those, 55 (50.1%) first noticed improvement during the psychedelic experience, and 42 (38.8%) said the improvement lasted at least one day. No statistical link was found between dose and how long the benefit lasted for either psilocybin or LSD. These findings indicate that further research is needed to explore whether these substances could become a clinical treatment for smell loss.

Acute Cardiovascular Effects of Psilocybin: A Pooled Analysis of 14 Studies with Safety Recommendations

medRxiv Preprint Server April 28, 2026 Sandeep M. Nayak, Nathan D. Sepeda, Matthew Nielsen Dick et al. preprint

Psilocybin is being studied as a treatment for psychiatric and neurologic conditions, but there is limited comprehensive data on its cardiovascular safety. Current clinical trials typically exclude people with blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher, a cutoff set conservatively without strong empirical evidence.

Past-Year Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Use in United States Sexual Minorities from 2015 to 2019

Psychedelic Medicine December 30, 2025 Brian S. Barnett, Akhil Anand, Tatiana Falcone et al.

Between 2015 and 2019, past-year LSD use rose 43% among heterosexual individuals, 58% among bisexual individuals, and 106% among lesbian/gay individuals in the United States. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people were 3.3 to 4.4 times more likely to report past-year LSD use than heterosexual people, depending on the year. Living in poverty, being divorced versus married, living in a small metropolitan area versus a non-metropolitan area, and a past-year suicide attempt were unique correlates of LSD use for heterosexual individuals compared with LGB individuals. The findings suggest a need for targeted harm reduction strategies based on sexual identity.

A survey investigating United States federal grant submissions proposing to investigate therapeutic applications of psychedelics

medRxiv October 13, 2024 Brian S. Barnett preprint

A survey of researchers who published the most-cited psychedelics articles since 2000 found that federal grant applications for therapeutic psychedelic research at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) had a 16.7% funding rate, lower than the NIH's 23.4% average for R-01 equivalent grants from 1998 to 2023. No applications submitted before 2006–2010 were funded, but the rate since then (estimated at 19.05% to 22.2%) is close to the NIH's average annual rate of 20.6% for those years. Respondents believed the funding landscape has improved recently.

Psychedelic Clinical Studies - Bibliometric Dataset

Figshare January 1, 2021 Jeremy Weleff, Teddy J. Akiki, Brian S. Barnett

A dataset was compiled for a bibliometric analysis of journal articles reporting clinical study findings on eight psychedelic substances—5-MeO-DMT, ayahuasca, DMT, ibogaine, LSD, mescaline, MDMA, and psilocybin—published between 1965 and 2018. The dataset accompanies a preprint article that analyzes the academic literature on these compounds.