Journal of Psychedelic Studies
February 5, 2024
Alesha Wells, Merciana Fernandes, Lisa Reynolds
37 citations
A systematic review of 29 studies from 2012-2022 found that knowledge of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is low among health professionals, patients, and the public. Belief in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics ranged from mixed to positive, with male gender, younger age, and personal psychedelic experience or knowledge predicting more favorable views. Most studies reported strong endorsement of further research. Consistent concerns emerged about legal status, funding, access, side effects, and implementation. The review indicates a need for more research to clarify safety and guide implementation in public health settings, and recommends prioritizing education for health professionals and the public.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
August 2, 2021
Lisa Reynolds, Amelia Akroyd, Frederick Sundram et al.
33 citations
Cancer healthcare professionals—doctors, nurses, psychologists, and social workers—show openness to psychedelic-assisted therapy for advanced cancer patients, driven by a desire to alleviate suffering and a lack of effective current treatments. However, this openness is tempered by concerns about patient safety and the need for rigorous, well-designed trials. The study identified four themes: beneficence (alleviating suffering), non-maleficence (keeping vulnerable patients safe), viewing psychedelic-assisted therapy as a transformative approach with real potential, and recognizing that new frontiers carry risks. These findings offer a foundation for engaging healthcare professionals in future research and clinical applications.
Pilot and feasibility studies
October 5, 2023
Carina Joy Donegan, Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno, Rachael Sumner et al.
23 citations
An estimated 260 million people worldwide have depression, and many self-treat with microdoses of psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin despite limited clinical evidence. A prior phase 1 study in healthy volunteers found LSD microdosing safe, well tolerated, and feasible with good adherence. This open-label pilot trial (LSDDEP1) will test tolerability and feasibility of an 8-week LSD microdosing regimen in 20 patients with major depressive disorder. Participants receive a sublingual LSD formulation (MB-22001) twice weekly at 5–15 µg. Tolerability is measured by withdrawal due to adverse events; feasibility by clinic visit attendance. Antidepressant response will be assessed with MADRS scores over 8 weeks. Results will inform a future randomized controlled trial.
Trials
April 23, 2021
Robin J. Murphy, Rachael L. Sumner, William J. Evans et al.
23 citations
A proposed study will test whether regular low doses of LSD, known as microdosing, produce the cognitive and emotional benefits reported anecdotally. Eighty healthy men will receive either a placebo or 10 micrograms of LSD every third day for six weeks. The study will measure personality, creativity, mood, cognition, brain plasticity, and brain imaging at baseline and after the protocol, with additional acute measures after the first dose. Daily functioning will be tracked via questionnaires and a wearable device. The goal is to rigorously evaluate microdosing claims using objective measures, with potential future applications for treating depression, addiction, and other conditions.
Palliative & Supportive Care
November 3, 2022
Lisa Reynolds, Brian S. Barnett, Jeremy Weleff et al.
19 citations
Cancer health-care practitioners in New Zealand and the USA perceive psychedelic-assisted therapy as potentially beneficial for cancer patients, especially those with advanced disease no longer receiving curative treatment. They consider research in this area important and express willingness to refer patients to trials, though they emphasize that work should incorporate spiritual and indigenous perspectives of health. US practitioners had greater awareness of psychedelics, while New Zealand practitioners more strongly believed that spiritual and indigenous factors should be considered. The findings suggest that practitioners may be more open to studies beginning in palliative and end-of-life contexts.
Pilot and feasibility studies
February 12, 2024
Alesha Wells, A P Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, Eva Morunga et al.
10 citations
A proposed trial will test whether adding a low, non-hallucinogenic dose of LSD to meaning-centred psychotherapy (MCP) is feasible for advanced cancer patients with anxiety or depression. Forty participants (20 Māori, 20 non-Māori) will receive seven MCP sessions plus either an LSD microdose (4-20 µg) or a placebo, under double-blind conditions. Outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, safety, and psychological measures at baseline, during treatment, and at one- and six-month follow-ups. The study aims to determine whether a full-scale trial is possible and to provide initial evidence on whether microdosing may enhance psychological care in this population.
Trials
May 21, 2024
Chiranth Bhagavan, Paul Glue, Will Evans et al.
7 citations
A clinical trial will test whether MDMA-assisted therapy can reduce anxiety and depression in people with advanced-stage cancer. Up to 32 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either 120 mg of MDMA (with an optional 60 mg supplement) or a low dose of methylphenidate as a psychoactive control, each combined with therapeutic support sessions. The study will track mood, anxiety, quality of life, and other measures for up to 12 months. This research aims to establish the safety and effectiveness of a novel treatment for mental suffering in patients with life-threatening illness.
Neuropharmacology
December 1, 2025
Carina Joy Donegan, Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno, Tehseen Noorani et al.
4 citations
Before starting a low-dose LSD regimen, people with major depression held varied expectations shaped largely by media and personal experience. Over half had tried other treatments that failed. Many expected subtle effects or had no specific expectations, while some anticipated changes in consciousness or neural rewiring. Hope served both as a motivator and a buffer against disappointment. The findings underscore how media influences expectations and suggest that current expectancy measures miss important factors specific to psychedelic therapy.
Neuropharmacology
November 5, 2025
Dimitri Daldegan‐bueno, C Donegan, Rachael L. Sumner et al.
4 citations
In an open-label phase 2A trial, 19 participants with major depressive disorder, most of whom were taking antidepressants, took microdoses of LSD twice weekly for eight weeks. No serious adverse events occurred, and one participant withdrew due to anxiety. Depression scores on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale dropped by 59.5% at the end of the intervention, with improvements sustained for up to six months. Anxiety, rumination, stress, and quality of life also improved. The results provide preliminary evidence that microdosed LSD is safe and feasible for treating moderate depression, but randomized controlled trials are needed.
Journal of psychoactive drugs
July 2, 2025
Grace Stockwell, Nicholas R Hoeh, Francesca Fogarty et al.
2 citations
In-depth interviews with 12 people receiving ketamine-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant depression reveal that preparation of mind-set—including openness, clear intentions, mindfulness, and understanding how the therapy works—supports therapeutic benefit. Comfort in the setting, fostered by learning about the therapist's personal experiences, a strong therapeutic alliance, and feeling safe, helps patients 'let go.' External cues like music can guide a spiritual journey. Caution is warranted when trauma surfaces and letting go leaves patients feeling vulnerable. These contextual processes inform future clinical trials and improve the efficacy of ketamine-assisted therapy.
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
June 12, 2025
Musheerah Nuha, Lisa Reynolds, Jessee Fia’ali’i
2 citations
Pasifika healthcare professionals in New Zealand generally have low awareness of psychedelics and psychedelic-assisted therapy, but they support further research and see potential benefits, especially when spiritual and Indigenous elements are prioritized. Openness to such therapy is linked to awareness and ethnic identity, while strong religious or spiritual beliefs, prior research roles, or experience treating anxiety/depression in professional roles hinder it. Qualitative interviews confirm openness to research despite cultural and religious concerns, driven by inadequate mental health treatments for Pasifika communities, but impeded by insufficient information on efficacy.
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
February 18, 2026
Dimitri Henriques Daldegan-Bueno, C Donegan, Rachael L. Sumner et al.
1 citation
Taking very low doses of LSD (8 micrograms) repeatedly over a short period may temporarily improve mood in people with depression, though the effect needs confirmation in controlled experiments. The drug's behavior in the body was measured in this group, and no evidence of tolerance or increased sensitivity appeared, even when the dose was gradually increased.
J Psychoactive Drugs
September 4, 2024
Georgia Best, Eva Morunga, Alesha Wells et al.
1 citation
Māori and non-Māori cancer patients in Aotearoa New Zealand show moderate openness to psychedelic-assisted therapy, with 42% of participants expressing interest. The survey of 100 patients found that Māori respondents were significantly more likely to view psychedelic-assisted therapy as acceptable compared to non-Māori respondents. Safety concerns and lack of information were the most common barriers across both groups. The findings suggest that cultural considerations and tailored education may be important for integrating such therapies into supportive cancer care.
Palliative & Supportive Care
January 1, 2026
Fiona Cottam, Alesha Wells, Cerys Clayden et al.
Participating in trials of psychedelic-assisted meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP) may provide hope for both cancer patients and their caregivers. Because the well-being of patients and caregivers is interconnected, the authors argue that caregivers should be included alongside patients in these clinical trials.
Ther Adv Psychopharmacol
December 4, 2025
Carina Joy Donegan, Dimitri Daldegan-Bueno, Rachael L. Sumner et al.
People with depression who microdosed LSD described their experiences in interviews from an open-label trial. The analysis identified themes such as improved mood, increased energy, and greater emotional openness, though some participants also reported anxiety or discomfort. The findings suggest that microdosing may offer benefits for some individuals, but the open-label design means results should be interpreted cautiously.
Journal of Humanistic Psychology
November 10, 2025
Robin J. Murphy, Mia Wardlaw, Thomas A. Smith et al.
After a six-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 10 µg of lysergic acid diethylamide taken every third day, healthy male participants reported changes in emotions, mood, social life, mindfulness, cognition, work, creativity, and physiological effects. Openness to experience and bidirectionality of effects were overarching themes. Some reported changes have potential clinical relevance for mood disorders, and reports of changes in anxiety suggest careful patient and dose selection. Participants' experiences with set and setting, uncertainty from placebo control, and perceived bidirectionality of effects inform psychedelic clinical trial design.