Skip to content

Frontiers in psychology

ISSN 1664-1078

255 papers in the library · 4,611 citations · publishing 2010-2026

Papers

Mindfulness and self-rated performance among novice athletes in China: a sequential mediating role of flow and cognitive anxiety.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Jian Peng, Longjun Jing, Peng Wang et al. 1 citation

Among 315 novice athletes in Changsha, China, mindfulness was negatively correlated with cognitive anxiety, while flow and self-rated performance also showed negative links to cognitive anxiety. Cognitive anxiety mediated the relationship between flow and self-rated performance, and together flow and cognitive anxiety acted as a chain mediator between mindfulness and self-rated performance. The findings suggest that for novice athletes, flow and reduced cognitive anxiety may be key mechanisms through which mindfulness improves how they perceive their own performance. Coaches can use mindfulness practices to help novices in suboptimal competitive states enhance performance perception, aiding their transition to elite roles.

A kind mind: effects of compassion-based meditation on prosocial intergroup outcomes in a South African pilot sample.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Adala M Prevost, Michal George, Melike M Fourie 1 citation

Eight weeks of compassion-based meditation in a White South African sample was associated with increased life satisfaction, reduced stress, greater compassion for outgroups, less desire for social distance, reduced racial prejudice, more intergroup contact, and stronger support for collective action and restitutive government policies. Participants also reported broadened compassion and affiliation with strangers, indicating enhanced self-transcendence. These results suggest that compassion meditation may improve intergroup relations in post-apartheid South Africa, though the pilot study lacked a control group and a randomized controlled trial is needed.

Scaling up from sentience: modularity, conscious broadcast, and a constitutive solution to the combination problem.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Thurston Lacalli 1 citation

Consciousness likely evolved from simpler antecedents, raising the question of how unified experience arises from basic beginnings. This is simplified if conscious contents combine constitutively, allowing natural selection to adjust their balance incrementally. The text contrasts two models: a conventional non-modular, fully integrated consciousness, and a modular, local, constitutive model where integration occurs non-consciously. In the modular model, a broadcast signal's amplitude at its source matters more than propagation distance, though it fails to explain how localized signals become globally perceived. Integrative models risk misdirecting attention to structures and processes unrelated to conscious sensation production.

The association of mindfulness with stress self-management among university teachers: the mediating roles of resilience and cognitive reappraisal.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Shuting Liao, Anbang Hu 1 citation

Mindfulness is linked to better stress self-management among university teachers largely through higher resilience and greater use of cognitive reappraisal. A survey of 287 university teachers in Hunan Province, China, tested a model based on Conservation of Resources theory. Mindfulness was positively associated with resilience and cognitive reappraisal. Resilience was positively related to cognitive reappraisal and stress self-management. Cognitive reappraisal was also positively associated with stress self-management. Resilience and cognitive reappraisal together explained the link between mindfulness and stress self-management. Mindfulness, resilience, and cognitive reappraisal together explained 43% of the variance in stress self-management. The findings suggest that mindfulness-based activities combined with resilience training and emotion-regulation routines may support well-being among university faculty.

Restorativeness mediates the effect of a brief virtual reality mindfulness exposure with a multi-ethnic group in a natural environment on global identity salience: a pilot study with adolescents.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Claudia Russo, Luciano Romano, Davide Clemente et al. 1 citation

Adolescents who watched a 360-degree VR video of multi-ethnic youths practicing mindfulness in a natural setting felt more restored and, in turn, reported a stronger sense of global identity—feeling connected to humanity as a whole—compared to those who watched a VR video of multi-ethnic youths playing volleyball in the same environment. The indirect effect of the mindfulness video on global identity through restorativeness was significant. The study involved 94 Italian adolescents randomly assigned to one of the two VR conditions. These findings highlight restorativeness as a key mechanism linking brief mindfulness exposure in a virtual natural environment to global identity salience during adolescence.

Enhancing psychological health and cognitive inhibition in college students: insights from mindfulness training and high-intensity interval training.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Yintu Bao, Jianqian Sun, Xiaochuan Zhang 1 citation

College students who completed six weeks of either mindfulness training or high-intensity interval training showed reduced depression and anxiety, with mindfulness training producing a significant improvement in psychological health immediately after the intervention. Both types of training improved the accuracy of response inhibition (the ability to stop an unwanted response) to a similar degree, but neither affected the speed of that inhibition. Mindfulness training was more effective than HIIT at improving interference inhibition accuracy (the ability to ignore distracting information), though neither training affected the speed of interference inhibition. The improvements in depression and anxiety were maintained at a six-week follow-up, but differences between the groups were no longer statistically significant, possibly due to the small sample size and short intervention period.

Stoicism, mindfulness, and the brain: the empirical foundations of second-order desires.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Marc Wittmann, Carlos Montemayor, Mauro Dorato 1 citation

Building on the Stoic concept of self-regulation, this paper argues that contemporary findings from psychology and cognitive neuroscience do not refute free will but instead support and refine a Stoic view of it. Contrary to classical interpretations of Libet-type experiments, which are often cited to deny free will, the authors contend that such evidence undermines the idea that humans are passive recipients of spontaneous desires. Instead, people possess the capacity to regulate actions proactively by cultivating deliberate, voluntary intentions. Freedom arises from a meta-cognitive, hierarchical second-order will that can causally override first-order desires or impulsive habits. Choices are not entirely predetermined by upbringing or circumstances; they emerge from the capacity to reflect upon and respond to those influences, making the self a self-determined free agent.

Modulating mechanisms of adverse childhood experiences in a mindfulness-based intervention: preliminary insights from an opioid use disorder study.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Diane Joss, Joseph Rosansky, Paula Gardiner et al. 1 citation

Among people with opioid use disorder receiving buprenorphine, those who also took part in a 24-week online mindfulness-based intervention showed a specific chain of symptom improvement linked to their history of adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Higher ACE severity was associated with greater reductions in self-critical rumination by week 8, which then predicted reduced pain catastrophizing by week 16, and less pain interference by week 24. This pathway was not seen in a matched recovery support control group. Both groups experienced significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and other symptoms, but only in the mindfulness group did ACE severity predict changes in self-critical rumination, suggesting this may be a key target for treatment.

Developing and evaluating a Portuguese-language meditation App for medical students: motivation, adherence, and emotional effects.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2025 Ana Rita Soares, Sandra Soares, Tânia Brandão et al. 1 citation

A meditation app (Med@Med) designed for Portuguese medical students was tested with 147 students. The main motivations for using the app were to experience meditation (33%), reduce stress or anxiety (25%), or establish a daily routine (16%). Students who received daily messages in plain language summarizing scientific benefits of meditation were more likely to keep using the app. After meditating, students reported increased joy and decreased fear and sadness. Use of the app was linked to improved emotional regulation and lower emotional distress and anxiety compared to age-matched students who did not use the app.

Effects of an online mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Xixi Yan, Zhongwei Xiong, Huimin Sun et al. 1 citation

Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) reduces caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression, and improves mindfulness in main caregivers of children with allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis in children is common worldwide, including in China, and harms children's physical and mental health while placing a heavy care burden on caregivers, who often experience mental health problems. The modified online MBCT intervention was found applicable and effective for these caregivers.

Symbolic representation by a two-dimensional matrix for profiling comparative animal behavior.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Louis N Irwin 1 citation

A new symbolic profile uses three observable behaviors—volition, interaction, and self-direction—to represent subjective experience across animals with a centralized nervous system. Each behavior is quantified by frequency, variety, and dynamism, creating a 3-by-3 matrix that can be displayed as a bidirectional heatmap. This approach allows quick comparison of subjective experience between species, from crustaceans to primates, highlighting similarities and differences without relying on human-centered metrics or empirical data. The profile is a theoretical construct based on markers of consciousness in humans but grounded in behaviors measurable in any animal.

Is phenomenal consciousness really a special case in science?

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Klaus Gärtner, João L Cordovil 1 citation

The standard view that higher-level properties are grounded in micro-physical properties fails even in physics and chemistry, so arguments that phenomenal consciousness is a special exception to physicalism are misguided. The paper introduces a general notion of grounding, then examines the zombie and knowledge arguments against physicalism about consciousness. It shows that in particle physics and chemistry, the expected reductive relation does not hold, undermining the claim that consciousness is uniquely problematic. The authors propose an alternative way to naturalize phenomenal consciousness within the natural world.

Preventing new substance use behaviors in youth: evaluation of a two-year comprehensive program.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Oulmann Zerhouni, Sandra Loisy, Renaud Bouthier et al. 1 citation

A prevention program targeting ecstasy, cannabidiol, and nitrous oxide used four actions: training for 84 association workers, on-site interventions with 248 students, social media posts reaching 186 young people, and providing prevention tools to 148 party organizers. After training, workers' understanding of emerging substances improved from an average score of 15.76 to 18.29. Among young people, intentions to use MDMA shifted from 15.89 to 19.17, and awareness of CBD effects increased from 14.18 to 17.60. Instagram posts about nitrous oxide led to more negative attitudes, with scores changing from 8.16 to 8.42. A website providing information showed no significant effect.

Combining mindfulness and cognitive training in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: study protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial (the NeuroMind study).

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Tania Badia-Aguarón, Estíbaliz Royuela-Colomer, Vanessa Pera-Guardiola et al. 1 citation

A 5-month randomized controlled trial will test whether adding Mindfulness for Health, cognitive training using the NeuronUP® platform, or their combination to usual care improves outcomes for 120 children aged 7–12 with ADHD. The study will assess ADHD symptoms, executive functions, and comorbid symptoms before and after the interventions and at a 5-month follow-up. It will also explore whether mindfulness and emotional regulation mediate clinical outcomes and whether certain characteristics predict treatment response. This is the first test of the combined intervention and of cognitive training alone in this setting, aiming to lay groundwork for a larger definitive trial.

Crisis of objectivity: using a personalized network model to understand maladaptive sensemaking in a patient with psychotic, affective, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Aleš Oblak, Matic Kuclar, Katja Horvat Golob et al. 1 citation

A detailed case study of a patient with multiple psychiatric comorbidities, maladaptive coping mechanisms, and adverse childhood experiences followed for two years. Using phenomenological interviews, neuropsychological assessments, language analysis, and semi-structured interviews, a personalized network model of the patient's lifeworld was constructed. The core psychopathological theme identified was 'the crisis of objectivity'—a persistent mistrust of any information appraised as originating in his subjectivity, developmentally traceable to adverse childhood experiences and a psychotic episode. Correspondence was found between subjective reports and other data sources. Social sensorimotor, positive valence, and negative valence system dysfunctions likely relate to a primary deficit from childhood adversity, while cognitive symptoms may be tied to maladaptive coping mechanisms or the primary disorder.

Can sensory and semantic priming enhance the effects of guided self-compassion meditation? A proof-of-concept study.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Ivana Buric, Maja Wrzesien, Jelica Milojičić et al. 1 citation

Self-compassion supports psychological health and can be improved through meditation, but it is unclear how to make meditation more effective. In a study with 71 students, a 3-minute sensory or semantic priming task was given before a 15-minute guided self-compassion meditation. Sensory priming reduced self-criticism more than semantic priming or a control condition, though the self-criticism scale had reliability issues. Neither priming type changed self-compassion, positive affect, or negative affect, nor did they boost the meditation's effects on these measures or the appeal of the meditation. The study was underpowered, with post hoc power estimates from 0.20 to 0.42, but offers preliminary insights for future research.

Trends in waking salivary alpha-amylase levels following healing lucid dreams.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Garret Yount, Sitara Taddeo, Tadas Stumbrys et al. 1 citation

Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), a marker of autonomic nervous system activity, was measured in 20 participants with PTSD symptoms who attended a six-day workshop teaching dreamwork and lucidity techniques. Participants collected saliva immediately upon waking and 30 minutes later; healing lucid dreams were those where the dreamer attained lucidity and intended a healing experience. Among four participants with usable samples who experienced healing lucid dreams, statistical tests were not significant due to low power, though nonsignificant positive associations appeared between more healing lucid dreams and increased waking sAA slope. The results did not show a consistent effect, and larger samples with stricter saliva collection controls are needed.

How do differences in native language affect out-of-body experiences?

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2024 Hirotaka Uchitomi, Yuma Yamamoto, Kishiko Ueno et al. 1 citation

Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) can be induced scientifically and are of interest for applications in the Metaverse and medicine. This study replicated a 2007 experiment to test whether native language influences the ability to have such experiences. Nineteen age-matched native English and Japanese speakers completed the experiment, and their experiences were assessed via questionnaires. No significant differences were found between the two language groups; OBEs were induced similarly in both, suggesting that people respond to the same stimuli regardless of native language. However, differences in introspective reports indicated that the quality of the experiences may differ, possibly due to linguistic background. Understanding these cultural and cognitive factors could inform OBE applications in borderless virtual environments and healthcare.

How voluntary control over information and body movements determines "what it's like" to have perceptual, bodily, emotional and mental experiences.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2022 J Kevin O'Regan 1 citation

Two fundamental aspects of phenomenal experiences—their locus (whether they seem external, internal, or mental) and their imposingness (how present they feel, including spatio-temporal presence)—are linked to voluntary control over bodily actions. The external/internal/mental dimension depends on how voluntary bodily actions influence sensorimotor information flow. The degree of imposingness and spatio-temporal presence depends on how voluntary actions are impeded or aided by innate attention-grabbing mechanisms. This account, combined with prior work on inter- and intra-modal differences, suggests a path toward a scientific theory explaining why experiences feel like something rather than nothing.

The Machine behind the Stage: A Neurobiological Approach toward Theoretical Issues of Sensory Perception.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2016 Konstantinos Moutoussis 1 citation

A percept emerges when the brain is activated in a certain way, and all perceptual experiences—whether veridical, illusory, or hallucinatory—share this common neural cause. What distinguishes them is the separate external cause of that activation pattern. The article argues that everyday language’s separation of the perceptual event from its hypothetical content creates unnecessary ontological complications. A clear distinction is made between physical properties of the real world (e.g., wavelength reflectance) and psychological properties of perceptual experiences (e.g., color). Although perception is a way of acquiring knowledge, this acquisition is a cognitive process separate from and following perception, which should remain neutral regarding the truth of the knowledge acquired.

The dying-moment dream hypothesis: heaven and hell as the brain's final dream.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2026 Recai Kayış

Near-death experiences and end-of-life visions may be final internally generated simulations—dying dreams—produced by the brain's own activity rather than evidence of an afterlife. The hypothesis proposes that a surge of terminal neural activity, combined with memory integration, a breakdown in time perception, and neurochemical changes, generates a vivid, culturally shaped experience. Under oxygen deprivation, subjective time can dilate, so seconds of brain activity may feel timeless. Because the person never wakes, this simulation becomes their last conscious experience. The framework draws on studies of near-death experiences, brain recordings at death, dream science, cultural beliefs, psychedelic research, and hospice observations, and it offers testable predictions.

Intentional binding reflects pair dynamics and sense of agency in embodied joint action in human-human dyads but not in human-computer dyads.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2026 Felix Woolford, Keisuke Suzuki

Intentional binding, a measure of how people perceive time between their actions and outcomes, was tested in individual, human-computer, and human-human joint button-pressing tasks using haptic devices. Contrary to expectations from we-agency theory, the overall strength of binding did not differ between partner types. However, within human pairs, participants who reported a stronger sense of agency showed stronger binding, linked to leader-follower movement dynamics. No such link appeared in human-computer interactions. The findings indicate that temporal binding primarily reflects sensorimotor predictability rather than social context or intentionality, and may serve as a signature of how partners co-regulate their actions.

The projective wave theory of consciousness.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2026 Robert Worden

Consciousness may arise from un-encoded information in an analogue model of 3-D space, specifically a wave excitation in the thalamus that stores information as a Fourier transform, similar to a hologram. Neurons couple to this wave, but the wave itself is the source of consciousness, not neural computation. The theory avoids the decoding problem inherent in neural theories, where encoded information requires external decoding not present in the brain. Although such a wave has not been detected, indirect evidence exists in the mammalian thalamus and insect central body. The theory is an initial conceptual outline, potentially falsifiable, and could explain why consciousness evolved, with many details remaining to be worked out.

Towards a theory of human creativity sustained by embodied collective intelligence.

Frontiers in psychology January 1, 2026 Tatsuya Daikoku

Creativity in human societies may be sustained not by isolated minds but by embodied, collective intelligence. Using music as a model, this review argues that creativity depends on the dynamic tuning of uncertainty: moderate, time-varying surprise, often accompanied by interoceptive bodily sensations, can promote exploration, while interpersonal synchrony and social evaluation stabilize and transmit what is new. Because creativity is value-neutral, its social consequences depend on ethics, morality, and empathy.