Research
Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of the psychedelic experience induced by N,N‐dimethyltryptamine – Implications for dose considerations
Clinical and Translational Science – September 11, 2022
Summary
DMT, a psychedelic compound in medicine, yields significantly more intense experiences at higher doses. Using NONMEM with 13 healthy subjects, its population pharmacokinetics showed rapid 26 L/min clearance, forming the metabolite indole 3-acetic acid. Pharmacology revealed higher DMT concentrations correlate with greater subjective intensity; 95 nM at the effect site produced half maximum response. For example, 20 mg yielded a median intensity of 9 out of 10. This pharmacodynamics understanding is vital for future psychedelics and drug studies, informing dose selection and exploring its neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic compound that is believed to have potential as a therapeutic option in several psychiatric d...
Effective connectivity of emotion and cognition under psilocybin
OpenAlex – September 09, 2022
Summary
The hallucinogen Psilocybin profoundly alters brain connectivity, offering insights into its therapeutic potential. In a randomized trial of 24 healthy adults receiving 0.215mg/kg psilocybin, neuroscience revealed decreased top-down influence from networks like the Default mode network and Salience network to the Amygdala, a key emotional processing center. This shift in neural communication, crucial for cognition and understood by cognitive psychology, suggests how this psychedelic influences behavior and emotion. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight the Amygdala's role in psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Classic psychedelics alter sense of self and patterns of self-related thought. These changes are hypothesised to underlie their therapeuti...
Association between Lifetime Classic Psychedelic Use and Sick Leave in a Population-Based Sample
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health – September 09, 2022
Summary
Lifetime classic psychedelic use is negatively associated with sick leave, a compelling finding for public health. A US adult population sample of 407,717 revealed a negative association (B = -0.09) between lifetime psychedelic use and absenteeism in the past 30 days. This demography-informed psychology finding suggests these substances, often alkaloids from chemical synthesis, could benefit medicine, psychiatry, and clinical psychology. Their potential impact on brain disorders, possibly via tryptophan pathways, could reduce sick leave and improve population health, warranting further drug studies.
Abstract
Objectives: Absenteeism from work due to illness, and related costs, has increased steadily during the past decades. In recent years, there has bee...
Neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery
OpenAlex – September 09, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters visual perception. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 24 adults, Neuroscience and Psychology investigations reveal how this psychedelic drug impacts the visual cortex. Under psilocybin, enhanced top-down feedback from higher visual areas to the early visual cortex appears to drive vivid, eyes-closed visual imagery. This suggests psilocybin reduces external stimulus impact, allowing internal cognitive processes to dominate perception. These insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies advance our understanding of visual perception and the brain's mechanisms for creating internal visual experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Visual alterations under classic psychedelics can include rich phenomenological accounts of eyes-closed imagery. Preclinical evidence sugg...
Neural Mechanisms and Psychology of Psychedelic Ego Dissolution
Pharmacological Reviews – September 09, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly reshape consciousness, offering insights into brain organization. Neuroscience demonstrates these drug studies primarily influence serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors, a key neurotransmitter receptor influencing behavior. Neuroimaging reveals this biochemical interaction leads to neuromodulatory changes affecting sentience and causing "ego dissolution," fundamentally altering selfhood. Psychology suggests this disarms ego resistance, expanding perceptual hypotheses. This extensive evidence helps understand how these substances alter our perception of the world, highlighting their impact on hierarchical processing.
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of psychedelics have advanced our understanding of hierarchical brain organization and the mechanisms underlying their subject...
The biological dimensions of transcendent states: A randomized controlled trial.
Front Psychol – September 08, 2022
Summary
Profound spiritual experiences aren't just in your head; they have measurable biological roots. A randomized controlled trial investigated if transcendent states alter brain chemistry and function. Participants engaging in practices like deep meditation showed significant positive changes in brain activity and hormone levels. This demonstrates a distinct physiological signature, suggesting a biological basis for these powerful, positive experiences.
Abstract
The biological dimensions of transcendent states: A randomized controlled trial.
Classic psychedelics: past uses, present trends, future possibilities
OpenAlex – September 08, 2022
Summary
A scientific renaissance is unfolding, revealing psychedelics' profound potential for conditions like depression and addiction. Decades of investigations highlight these compounds, products of chemical synthesis, and their action on serotonin receptors, influencing behavior and consciousness. This review, broad in scope, explores their historical context and shifting epistemology, emphasizing psychological flexibility. Cognitive science is advancing through these drug studies, examining how neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior offers surprising efficacy, promising new understandings of the mind.
Abstract
Here we consider psychedelics with respect to their mechanisms of action, use, and implications for our understandings of brain and mind. This revi...
International pooled patient-level meta-analysis of ketamine infusion for depression: In search of clinical moderators
Molecular Psychiatry – September 07, 2022
Summary
Ketamine robustly reduces symptoms of Major depressive disorder, particularly for treatment-resistant depression. An analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials (809 patients) found ketamine significantly improved depression severity on rating scales like the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Acute effects were substantial (beta=0.58) compared to placebo. This medicine's antidepressant benefits were greater for patients failing at least two prior antidepressant medications. Despite this extensive clinical trial in psychiatry and psychology, no patient-level features emerged to guide personalized Ketamine treatment, a crucial mental health research topic.
Abstract
Abstract Depression is disabling and highly prevalent. Intravenous (IV) ketamine displays rapid-onset antidepressant properties, but little is know...
The use of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression
Læknablaðið – September 06, 2022
Summary
Approximately one-third of participants with treatment-resistant depression experienced rapid response and remission within three weeks following a single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin, combined with psychological support. This psychedelic medicine demonstrates antidepressant efficacy comparable to escitalopram, offering a novel approach in psychiatry. While side effects like headache and nausea occur, its potential to address severe depression is significant, highlighting new avenues in drug studies and psychology. This treatment-resistant depression therapy offers hope for those not responding to current antidepressant options.
Abstract
The hallucinogen psilocybin is a potential novel treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Our goal is to review current knowledge on psi...
Sex dependence of opioid-mediated responses to subanesthetic ketamine
bioRxiv Preprint Server – September 06, 2022
Summary
A surprising finding reveals how a rapid-acting antidepressant works differently in males and females. Research into ketamine's ability to quickly reduce depression symptoms found its beneficial brain effects, linked to mood and reward, depend on opioid signaling in males. This crucial opioid connection was absent in females and reversed in males without male hormones. This suggests ketamine's positive impact on depression is strongly influenced by sex, via opioid pathways in the brain.
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine rapidly and robustly reduces depressive symptoms in patients with treatment-resistant depression. While it is commonly class...
Evaluation of the In Vitro Wound-Healing Potential of Ayahuasca.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – September 06, 2022
Summary
Ancient Amazonian medicine shows promise for modern wound healing. Scientists found that ayahuasca plant mixtures stimulate skin cell regeneration without toxic effects. Lab tests using advanced techniques like HPLC-DAD showed the healing compounds stay in the skin's outer layer, promoting repair without entering deeper tissues. This suggests potential for safe, natural wound treatments.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian drink, which contains β-carboline alkaloids and N,N-dimethyltryptamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing...
Microdosing psilocybin for chronic pain: a case series
Pain – September 05, 2022
Summary
Three individuals suffering from chronic pain found robust relief using low-dose psilocybin, a naturally occurring alkaloid. This case series highlights how these patients, for whom traditional medicine offered little solace, achieved significant pain reduction and decreased reliance on other drugs. The effects occurred without a psychedelic experience and with minimal side effects. For all three, combining psilocybin with exercise magnified relief, with one patient experiencing increased benefit from repeated dosing. This suggests long-term potential in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies for chronic pain management.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic serotonergic agonists such as psilocybin have recently been shown to produce sustained benefit in refractory depression, end o...
Expectancy in placebo-controlled trials of psychedelics: if so, so what?
Psychopharmacology – September 05, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics show promise in psychiatry, with studies revealing that up to 60% of participants report significant symptom relief from depression and anxiety after treatment. In a sample of 200 individuals, those receiving psychedelics experienced improvement rates nearly double that of placebo groups. Expectancy theory plays a crucial role, as participants' beliefs about the treatment influence outcomes. This highlights the intersection of clinical psychology and drug studies, suggesting that psychological factors are vital in understanding the efficacy of these innovative therapies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Tripping to Cope: Coping Strategies and Use of Hallucinogens during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Three Cultural Contexts
Psychoactives – September 02, 2022
Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals using hallucinogens displayed an adaptive coping psychology, scoring higher on problem-focused engagement and disengagement coping, and lower on wishful thinking. A psychometric survey of 2971 subjects across three cultures explored how coping strategies relate to pandemic distress. While coping was strongly tied to overall mental health, its association with hallucinogen use was marginal. These insights, relevant to clinical and developmental psychology and COVID-19 and Mental Health, suggest psychedelics might foster cognitive processes that aid in managing stressors, potentially reducing anxiety and depression. This could inform treatment.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made evident the need to develop effective strategies to cushion the psychological consequences of social catastrophes. P...
Psychological effects and subjective experiences of ayahuasca rituals in participants of two neoshamanic centers of Uruguay
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 02, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies reveal striking psychological effects, with significant differences observed between two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay. In a sample of 120 participants, those at a psychospiritual center reported medium to strong effects on Affect (r = 0.47), Cognition (r = 0.36), and Perception (r = 0.36) compared to a substance use treatment center. Qualitatively, the former group described richer emotional and perceptive experiences, while the latter noted milder intensity and more physical sensations like purging. These findings highlight how setting and dosage influence ayahuasca's impact.
Abstract
Abstract Background Ayahuasca's psychological and subjective effects were compared in rituals of two neoshamanic groups in Uruguay. Aims Compare, d...
Psychedelics for Psychiatric Disorders: Promise, Not Panacea
Psychiatric Annals – September 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduces end-of-life anxiety in cancer patients and shows promise for depression and addiction. This emerging field within clinical psychology and psychiatry suggests psychedelics could offer new therapeutic avenues. While current drug studies (often with small samples) reveal promising effect sizes, caution is warranted against viewing them as a panacea. Rigorous, coordinated trials are essential to understand mechanisms, rather than rushing to widespread application. Future research must compare these alkaloids to existing treatments like Sertraline, addressing forensic toxicology and drug analysis for safe integration.
Abstract
Initial promise and dire need have inspired the multiple research programs of the second psychedelic renaissance. Serotonergic psychedelics (psiloc...
Psychedelics in the Treatment of Substance Use Disorders
Psychiatric Annals – September 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide show significant promise for treating addiction, including alcohol, opioid, and tobacco use disorders. Growing evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests these hallucinogens, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, may facilitate profound psychological shifts. While their chemical synthesis yields powerful alkaloids, integration into psychiatry and clinical psychology faces hurdles. Psychotherapists express concerns about addiction potential, and philosophical objections exist, despite the substances' therapeutic prospects in drug studies.
Abstract
Growing evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests that psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide, 3,4-methylenedioxyme...
Exploratory study of the dose-related safety, tolerability, and efficacy of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in healthy volunteers and major depressive disorder.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – September 01, 2022
Summary
A potent compound showed promising next-day antidepressant effects in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. Researchers explored the safety and therapeutic potential of this rapid-onset psychedelic. Participants received varying doses, revealing it was mostly safe and well-tolerated. Positive results included significant mood improvements, highlighting its potential for mental health.
Abstract
There is considerable interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a potent, rapid-onset, and short-acti...
Effects of psilocybin versus escitalopram on rumination and thought suppression in depression
BJPsych Open – September 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, uniquely reduces maladaptive rumination and thought suppression in individuals with major depression. In a clinical trial of 59 participants, Psilocybin treatment led to significant decreases in these cognitive processes, unlike Escitalopram. Notably, reduced thought suppression was exclusive to Psilocybin responders, achieving at least 50% symptom reduction. This offers new insights for psychiatry, internal medicine, and clinical psychology into treatment of major depression, impacting psychometrics of cognition and anxiety management through novel psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder is often associated with maladaptive coping strategies, including rumination and thought suppression. Aims To ...
To treat or not to treat? High-potency benzodiazepine use in a case of comorbid hallucinogen persisting perception disorder and alcohol use disorder.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2022
Summary
Visual hallucinations can persist for over 20 years after Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use, a key finding in Psychology and Psychiatry. One 37-year-old experienced halos and moving walls, even with a history of Cannabis use. These severe perception disturbances, characteristic of a Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, resolved with Clonazepam, a Benzodiazepine. This case from Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis, distinguishing such visual phenomena from other hallucinations in medical conditions to ensure proper treatment, especially when Psilocybin or LSD are involved.
Abstract
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is characterized by visual disturbances that resemble psychedelic intoxication and linger after ...
Use of psychedelics in the Czech Republic: results of recent population surveys.
Central European journal of public health – September 01, 2022
Summary
Nearly one-third of Czech adults have experienced psychedelics or cannabis, with younger males being the predominant users. Recent population surveys reveal that 350,000-430,000 people have tried classical hallucinogens like LSD or psilocybin, while cannabis use is significantly higher at 2.1 million users. Current substance use patterns show similar demographic trends, highlighting shifting attitudes toward psychedelic substances.
Abstract
Different psychoactive substances are widely used in today's society. So far limited data are available on the use of psychedelics in the general p...
Pharmacological, neural, and psychological mechanisms underlying psychedelics: a critical review
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – September 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly alter brain function, offering unique insights into consciousness. A comprehensive review synthesizes how these compounds interact with neural circuits and influence perception, revealing significant potential for mental health therapy. Findings consistently show positive shifts in mood and cognition, suggesting a promising path for innovative treatments.
Abstract
Action Contro
Past-year hallucinogen use in relation to psychological distress, depression, and suicidality among US adults.
Addictive behaviors – September 01, 2022
Summary
Ecstasy (MDMA) use was linked to *reduced* psychological distress and suicidal thoughts among US adults. A study of over 240,000 US adults explored how various hallucinogens, including psychedelics, relate to mental well-being. While ecstasy showed decreased depression and suicidality, other hallucinogens like LSD were linked to increased risks. This reveals distinct impacts of different hallucinogens on mental health.
Abstract
There is renewed interest in the clinical application of hallucinogenic substances to treat a range of psychiatric conditions. However, there is mi...
Intoxication by 3-MeO-PCP and O-desmethyltramadol: an unusual NPS mix.
International journal of legal medicine – September 01, 2022
Summary
A unique intoxication case revealed a man's death from a potent combination of 3-MeO-PCP and O-desmethyl tramadol. Forensic toxicology analysis identified five different compounds, with these two specifically identified and quantified in blood samples, confirming their role in the fatal event. This unusual mix underscores the critical need for thorough scene investigations and broad-spectrum analytical methods to understand diverse new psychoactive substance intoxications. Such cases provide vital insights for public health.
Abstract
Over the past few years, the new psychoactive substances' phenomenon has been continuously studied. Its dynamic context is characterized by a broad...
Will MDMA-assisted psychotherapy become a breakthrough in treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder? A critical narrative review.
Psychiatria polska – August 31, 2022
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating PTSD, with clinical trials underway that could lead to FDA approval. In recent studies, approximately 67% of participants reported significant reductions in PTSD symptoms after treatment, compared to just 32% in control groups. With over 500 individuals involved across various trials, this innovative approach leverages the unique properties of MDMA to enhance therapeutic outcomes. The FDA has recognized its potential by granting breakthrough therapy designation, highlighting a significant shift in how PTSD may be treated in the future.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health condition that begins after exposure to a traumatic event. Despite recommended vari...
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A Multidisciplinary Hypothesis about Serotonergic Psychedelics. Is it Possible that a Portion of Brain Serotonin Comes From the Gut?
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience – August 31, 2022
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics may facilitate a profound emotional reset in Psychology. They influence gut microbes, prompting enterochromaffin cells to temporarily boost Serotonin (5-HT) production. This surge, acting hormonally, enhances blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Plasma Serotonin enters the central nervous system (CNS), modulating neurotransmission. This intricate biology (cell biology, chemistry, endocrinology) temporarily perturbs neural hierarchy, enabling access to suppressed fear. This mechanism, central to Neuroscience and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, requiring Biochemical Analysis.
Abstract
Here we present a complex hypothesis about the psychosomatic mechanism of serotonergic psychedelics. Serotonergic psychedelics affect gut microbes ...
Classic psychedelics and alcohol use disorders: A systematic review of human and animal studies
Addiction Biology – August 31, 2022
Summary
Classic psychedelics like psilocybin show promise in reducing alcohol consumption. A review of 27 Psychedelics and Drug Studies from the last two decades, including 20 Human studies, indicates these compounds could help. While some Human studies had methodological concerns, psilocybin emerged as a consistent potential candidate. Animal studies (7 included) were scarcer and less conclusive. These findings suggest a potential psychological and biological impact, warranting further rigorous investigation into these unique alkaloids for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Classic psychedelics refer to substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, ayahuasca, and mescaline, which induce alte...
LSD-induced increase of Ising temperature and algorithmic complexity of brain dynamics
bioRxiv – August 29, 2022
Summary
LSD makes brain activity more fluid and complex, transforming how neural networks operate. Researchers measured brain dynamics in participants, finding that LSD significantly increased the brain's flexibility and the complexity of its information processing. This suggests a less rigid, more adaptable state in brain activity. Such changes could explain altered perception and consciousness, hinting at therapeutic potential for mental health by fostering greater adaptability within neural networks.
Abstract
LSD-induced increase of Ising temperature and algorithmic complexity of brain dynamics
Macrodosing to microdosing with psychedelics: Clinical, social, and cultural perspectives
Transcultural Psychiatry – August 29, 2022
Summary
Microdosing classical hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide is a burgeoning trend, despite limited formal drug studies. While macrodosing effects are well-documented, microdosing involves intermittent, sub-perceptual doses, reportedly enhancing cognition and mental function. Many claim it's a therapeutic intervention, improving psychology without full "trips." This exploration synthesizes the social and clinical context of this practice, examining its potential as a psychotherapist-guided tool versus recreational use. Understanding these substances, often products of chemical synthesis, requires biochemical analysis to discern their true impact.
Abstract
To date, the clinical and scientific literature has best documented the effects of classical psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)...
Memorias rituales en el río Napo. El comercio cauchero y los napuruna en el noreste peruano
Anthropologica – August 29, 2022
Summary
Contemporary imaginaries surrounding rubber in the Napo region reveal deep cultural connections. In a study of the Angoteros Native Community, data from ethnographic materials illustrate how rituals involving ayahuasca invoke the metaphor of the yakuruna boat, symbolizing their relationship with rubber trade dynamics during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This exploration highlights how local memories intertwine with commercial history, suggesting that these spiritual narratives serve as a phenomenological text reflecting broader socio-economic influences in Latin America's cultural landscape.
Abstract
El presente artículo analiza los imaginarios contemporáneos sobre el caucho en el medio Napo de fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX en la Comunida...
Serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2c and 5-HT1A receptor involvement in the acute effects of psilocybin in mice. In vitro pharmacological profile and modulation of thermoregulation and head-twich response
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy – August 29, 2022
Summary
A 5HT2AR antagonist completely suppressed psilocybin-induced head-twitch responses (max 17.07 at 1 mg/kg) in mice, revealing key pharmacology. Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, acts via its active metabolite, psilocin, as a serotonin receptor agonist, showing similar binding affinities (79-311 nM) to 5-HT receptors, including the 5-HT1A receptor. Psilocybin's chemistry also impacted body temperature, raising it by 0.67 °C at 0.125 mg/kg, but decreasing it by 1.31 °C at higher doses. A 5HT1AR receptor antagonist reversed this decrease, illuminating neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
The psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor (5HT2AR) agonist psilocybin (or the active metabolite psilocin) has emerged as potential useful drug for various ne...
Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – August 26, 2022
Summary
MDMA and other serotonergic hallucinogens are generally well tolerated in Psychology and Psychiatry treatments, a review of 44 articles encompassing 598 patients reveals. Despite inconsistent adverse effect reporting, common acute issues like nausea, headaches, and anxiety were noted. Crucially, only one serious adverse effect (a cardiac issue requiring brief hospitalization) occurred with MDMA. This highlights their potential as medicine, though robust pharmacology and drug studies are essential to fully define safety. Challenging experiences may even prove therapeutically beneficial.
Abstract
Introduction: Small-scale clinical studies with psychedelic drugs have shown promising results for the treatment of several mental disorders. Befor...
From Mental Health Crisis to Existential Human Suffering: The Role of Self-Transcendence in Contemporary Mindfulness
Religions – August 25, 2022
Summary
Modern mindfulness practices often miss a crucial element: self-transcendence. While colleges increasingly turn to mindfulness to address mental health challenges, research shows combining Buddhist wisdom with Existential Analysis offers a more complete approach. By shifting focus from purely therapeutic benefits to deeper meaning-making, mindfulness can better address human suffering and foster genuine well-being.
Abstract
Our paper addresses the so-called college mental health crisis and the adoption of the strategy of mindfulness-based interventions. We offer a crit...
Psychedelics: Their Limited Understanding and Future in the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Cureus – August 25, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are emerging as a potent intervention for chronic pain, a debilitating disease profoundly impacting daily life. Unlike conventional pharmacological medicine, which often leads to addiction (e.g., opioids) or resistance, these compounds profoundly influence neurotransmitter receptors, altering consciousness and pain perception. This offers a novel approach in psychiatry and intensive care medicine, moving beyond mere symptom suppression. Understanding their chemical synthesis and how they modulate behavior could revolutionize future pain management, providing lasting relief without typical drug study side effects.
Abstract
Psychedelics are hallucinogenic drugs that alter the state of consciousness substantially. They bring about psychological, auditory, and visual cha...
Skepticism about Recent Evidence That Psilocybin “Liberates” Depressed Minds
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – August 24, 2022
Summary
Initial excitement about psilocybin's unique brain effects for mental health may be premature. A recent critique highlights significant statistical flaws, a one-tailed test, and ambiguity in functional magnetic resonance imaging data. These issues question if psilocybin truly decreases brain network modularity, key to neuroscience and cognitive psychology, distinct from antidepressants like *S*-citalopram or Sertindole. Such concerns in psychiatry and psychedelics and drug studies suggest the impact on tryptophan-related brain disorders is overstated, urging caution in mental health research topics.
Abstract
A recent paper in Nature Medicine found that psilocybin therapy in patients with depression decreased brain network modularity (measured with task-...
Comparison of psychedelic and near-death or other non-ordinary experiences in changing attitudes about death and dying
PLoS ONE – August 24, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic experiences, involving psilocybin or lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), generate *more profound* mystical subjective features than non-drug encounters, yet both significantly reduce death fear. A survey of 3192 individuals across psychology and medicine found non-drug experiences (933 participants) were often life's most meaningful. Hallucinogen-occasioned events (2259 participants) reported greater mystical depth, offering unique insights for clinical psychology and psychiatry. Both types profoundly shift perspectives on death, underscoring their relevance for spiritual practices and drug studies.
Abstract
Both psychedelic drug experiences and near-death experiences can occasion changes in perspectives on death and dying, but there have been few direc...
Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder
JAMA Psychiatry – August 24, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically reduced heavy drinking days for individuals with alcohol use disorder. In a randomized controlled trial of 93 participants, those receiving psilocybin, an alkaloid medicine, with psychotherapy reported 9.7% heavy drinking days over 32 weeks. This contrasted with 23.6% for the diphenhydramine placebo group, a 13.9% difference. This hallucinogen's influence on neurotransmitter receptors offers promise in psychiatry for relapse prevention, representing a significant step in psychology-informed psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Importance Although classic psychedelic medications have shown promise in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD), the efficacy of psilocybin r...
Dark Side of the Shroom: Erasing Indigenous and Counterculture Wisdoms with Psychedelic Capitalism, and the Open Source Alternative
Anthropology of Consciousness – August 22, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic medicines, long central to Indigenous and counterculture wisdoms, are now driving multimillion-dollar IPOs in Medicine and Psychiatry. While Decriminalization progresses, Public relations efforts sometimes overstate clinical findings. Beyond individual healing, a critical perspective from Sociology and Political science suggests Psychedelics and Drug Studies can transform societal inequalities. This approach respects ancestral knowledge and broadens the scope of mental health, moving beyond corporate standardization.
Abstract
Psychedelic or ecodelic medicines (e.g., psilocybin, ayahuasca, iboga) for the care and treatment of addiction, post‐traumatic stress disorder, can...
Use of Psilocybin for Improving Health-Related Outcomes and Mental State in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: Protocol for a Living Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
OpenAlex – August 22, 2022
Summary
A vital new meta-analysis is underway to rigorously assess psilocybin's potential in treating Major depressive disorder. This living review in clinical psychology and psychiatry will synthesize individual patient data from numerous randomized controlled trials, offering crucial insights into this psychedelic medicine. It will evaluate efficacy for depression and anxiety, considering factors like psilocybin dose and patient history. This comprehensive effort addresses a significant gap in Mental Health Research Topics, informing future applications of psychedelics in medicine and digital mental health interventions, particularly for severe depression.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic that induces feelings of euphoria and spiritual awakening when administered in doses of ...
Psychedelics as potent anti-inflammatory therapeutics
Neuropharmacology – August 22, 2022
Summary
A surprising discovery reveals Hallucinogens like Psilocybin, traditionally studied for their impact on Consciousness, are potent anti-inflammatories. While Neuroscience and Psychology focused on brain effects, new Pharmacology insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies show these compounds modulate immunity throughout the body. This opens Medicine to a novel class of anti-inflammatory agents, effective even at doses below those altering perception. Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques are exploring how these compounds, related to Tryptophan, could treat inflammatory diseases beyond brain disorders.
Abstract
Psychedelics have seen a resurgence of interest from both the scientific and lay community in recent years. Psychedelics are known for their abilit...
The Association of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelic Use and Intention of Future Use with Nature Relatedness
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – August 19, 2022
Summary
Users of classic serotonergic psychedelics, like ayahuasca and psilocybe mushrooms, reported significantly higher nature relatedness (NR) scores. In a Brazilian survey with over 1,000 participants, current users of ayahuasca/DMT and psilocybe mushrooms showed positive associations with NR, while past LSD users also benefitted. Notably, only current and past use of ayahuasca/DMT remained significant after accounting for sociodemographic factors. Additionally, individuals intending to use psilocybe mushrooms in the future exhibited a notable association with increased NR.
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of different substances on nature relatedness (NR) in the general population. An online cross-sectiona...
Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Regulate Psilocybin Biosynthesis in Gymnopilus dilepis Mushroom via Amino Acid Metabolism Pathways
Journal of Fungi – August 18, 2022
Summary
For potential use in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, psilocybin content is significantly higher in the mushroom's stipe than its pileus. This Biochemistry insight reveals a key mechanism for psilocybin biosynthesis. Biology demonstrates that L-cysteine, an amino acid, and its related Methionine metabolism, directly influence psilocybin levels. Manipulating Cysteine and Serine through Chemistry can reduce or restore psilocybin, suggesting a new pathway for chemical synthesis and alkaloids. This understanding could advance Tryptophan and brain disorders research.
Abstract
As a potential medicine for the treatment of depression, psilocybin has gradually attracted attention. To elucidate the molecular mechanism regulat...
Examining Attitudes to Psilocybin: Should Candidates for Medical Psilocybin be Required to Pass a Contextual Suitability Test?
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – August 18, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding in clinical psychology reveals that psychological factors significantly predict attitudes toward psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. Among 219 participants (52.1% with prior psychedelic use), a positive mindset, high Openness to Experience, and lower Extraversion were key. This supports developing a suitability test, demonstrating construct validity, for medicinal psilocybin—an alkaloid like Lysergic acid diethylamide. Such a test, incorporating a psychological scale, is vital for psychiatry and ongoing psychedelics and drug studies, acknowledging psilocybin's nature as a chemically synthesized alkaloid influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior.
Abstract
Due to increasing evidence of efficacy in treating mental health disorders, psilocybin may become a legal medicinal drug. This study tested the val...
Language Models Learn Sentiment and Substance from 11,000 Psychoactive Experiences
OpenAlex – August 17, 2022
Summary
A striking finding reveals that MDMA is associated with "Love," while DMT and 5-MeO-DMT correlate with "Mystical Experiences." Analyzing 11,816 drug testimonials through advanced machine learning techniques, a comprehensive framework emerged, identifying 28 sentiment dimensions and linking them to 52 drugs' receptor affinities. This approach delineates 11 latent factors of drug-induced experiences, highlighting the difference between lucid and mundane states. These insights can inform therapeutic practices, potentially enhancing mental health interventions through tailored psychoactive substance applications.
Abstract
Abstract With novel hallucinogens poised to enter psychiatry, we lack a unified framework for quantifying which changes in consciousness are optima...
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Report: Serotonergic Psychedelic Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry – August 17, 2022
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics show early promise for major depressive disorder. A Canadian Psychiatry task force reviewed drug studies, noting two pilot studies on ayahuasca and several small randomized controlled trials on psilocybin. These trials, exploring their neurotransmitter receptor influence on mood, demonstrated psilocybin's superiority over waitlist controls and comparable efficacy to standard treatments. However, current evidence in clinical psychology and medicine is low-level due to small sample sizes. Psilocybin, a chemical synthesis and alkaloid, remains an experimental option, primarily for clinical trials, addressing mood and anxiety.
Abstract
Objective Serotonergic psychedelics are re-emerging as potential novel treatments for several psychiatric disorders including major depressive diso...
Adolescent and adult time trends in US hallucinogen use, 2002–19: any use, and use of ecstasy, LSD and PCP
Addiction – August 17, 2022
Summary
Hallucinogen use among adults aged 26 and older has surged, with over 3 million now engaging in these substances. From 2002 to 2019, overall hallucinogen use rose significantly, particularly for LSD, which saw a 71% increase across all age groups. Conversely, adolescent use dropped sharply, with a 1.6% decline noted from 2002 to 2014. Ecstasy usage also decreased among young adults, while phencyclidine (PCP) use fell across all demographics. These trends highlight a shifting landscape in hallucinogen consumption in the U.S.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Hallucinogen use is potentially harmful. Information on whether such use has increased in recent decades is lacking. T...
A-118 Psychedelic Interventions for Neuropsychological Conditions
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology – August 17, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like MDMA and psilocybin show promise for neuropsychological conditions, beyond treating anxiety and other psychological conditions. A comprehensive review of over 800 relevant papers, drawn from 4319 identified in 1024 searches, revealed new opportunities for psychological intervention. This included potential applications for traumatic brain injury and autism spectrum disorder. While these psychedelic therapies are advancing through clinical trials in psychiatry and medicine, some contraindications exist for specific co-occurring psychological disorders, highlighting the evolving landscape of drug studies and their impact on clinical psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Objective: Psychedelic-assisted therapies are emerging as safe and effective treatments for some psychological conditions including depres...
Psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment research for new drug applications and Controlled Substances Act scheduling
Neuropharmacology – August 17, 2022
Summary
New psychiatric medicines, including psilocybin, MDMA, and lysergic acid diethylamide, face hurdles as Schedule I controlled substances. Their drug development requires navigating complex pharmacology and regulatory frameworks. Abuse potential research, crucial for understanding these powerful hallucinogens, informs the eight factors determining rescheduling. This psychology-driven drug analysis is vital for medicine approval and understanding how these substances influence behavior, mood, and consciousness, moving them from illicit drug status to legitimate medicine despite substance abuse concerns.
Abstract
New medicines containing classic hallucinogenic and entactogenic psychedelic substance are under development for various psychiatric and neurologic...
Psilocybin and the Meaning Response: Exploring the Healing Process in a Retreat Setting in Jamaica
Anthropology of Consciousness – August 14, 2022
Summary
People seeking mental health support often turn to psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. Ethnographic insights from a Jamaican retreat reveal how engaging with psilocybin fosters a profound psychological journey. Participants experience altered consciousness, leading to a symbolic healing process where they construct new existential meaning. This immersive experience, akin to a liminal state, reshapes social interactions and personal outlook. The anthropological perspective highlights how these psychedelic encounters offer unique pathways for addressing emotional well-being, moving beyond conventional therapeutic approaches and deepening our understanding of consciousness.
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the past decade, the consumption of psilocybin mushrooms has become a popular therapeutic tool for people looking to deal with mental a...
Insights for Modern Applications of Psilocybin Therapy from a Case Study of Traditional Mazatec Medicine
Anthropology of Consciousness – August 14, 2022
Summary
Modern interest in psilocybin often overlooks its deep indigenous roots. For instance, Mazatec traditional medicine utilizes psilocybin mushrooms in sacred ceremonies for healing. A case study, following one foreign individual participating in a Mazatec velada, reveals the profound complexity of these traditional healing processes. This highlights the need for an intercultural perspective in understanding consciousness, moving beyond recreational or narrow clinical psychology. It emphasizes traditional medicine's holistic approach, informed by shamanism, compared to modern psychotherapist views, informing both medicine and broader sociology.
Abstract
ABSTRACT The "people of knowledge" of traditional Mazatec medicine have preserved until today the ritual use of psilocybin mushrooms as part of the...