Research
Investigation of Ayahuasca β-Carboline Alkaloids and Tryptamine in Sweat Samples from Religious Community Participants by GC-MS
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 21, 2020
Summary
Sweat analysis offers a promising method for monitoring ayahuasca use, detecting key compounds like DMT and harmine. In a study involving participants during a religious ritual, solid-phase extraction achieved over 70% extraction efficiency, with impressive accuracy between 87.5% and 102.4%. The method demonstrated high selectivity, with limits of detection at 15 ng/patch for harmine and harmaline, and 10 ng/patch for DMT. This non-invasive approach provides a convenient alternative to traditional biological samples in forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage used in religious rituals in South America, has become a global phenomenon. Its main active component...
Therapeutic Use of LSD in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review of Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trials
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 21, 2020
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal LSD's therapeutic promise in mental health. A systematic review of 11 randomized controlled trials, spanning psychiatry and clinical psychology, examined its use in medicine. Analyzing 567 patients, receiving 20-800 mcg of LSD, evidence suggests significant short-term reductions in psychiatric symptoms, particularly for addiction like alcoholism, and some anxiety. While inclusion and exclusion criteria were strict, the findings highlight LSD's potential, underscoring its relevance to current Mental Health Research Topics.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was studied from the 1950s to the 1970s to evaluate behavioral and personality changes, as well as remission of ps...
Therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin: Changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 16, 2020
Summary
A single 25 mg dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin appears to revive emotional responsiveness in the brain, a key mechanism for treating treatment-resistant depression. In 19 patients, this psychedelic therapy led to decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex during face processing. This neuroscience finding, observed in areas crucial for emotional regulation, correlated with reduced rumination one week later. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin influences neurotransmitter receptors, suggesting a psychological reset. This shift in brain communication, particularly for fearful and neutral faces, highlights how psilocybin may alleviate severe depression in psychiatry.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin has shown promise as a treatment for depression but its therapeutic mechanisms are not properly understood. In contrast to t...
Therapeutic potential of ayahuasca in grief: a prospective, observational study
Psychopharmacology – January 14, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies significantly reduce grief severity over time, with a notable effect size of 1.39 after 12 months among 50 bereaved participants. Initial assessments revealed high levels of grief, but follow-ups showed consistent improvement: Cohen’s d values of 0.84 at 15 days and 1.38 at three months. Key mechanisms, experiential avoidance and decentering, were linked to these reductions, indicating that engaging with emotions can enhance healing. This highlights ayahuasca's potential in clinical psychology for addressing complicated grief and depression.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Recent studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca for the treatment of depression with promising preliminary r...
Matthew Oram, The Trials of Psychedelic Therapy: LSD Psychotherapy in America
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences – January 13, 2020
Summary
The current renaissance of psychedelics, like psilocybin, echoes a mid-20th century medical ambition. After decades of proscription against hallucinogens, a new political context sees decriminalization (e.g., Denver, 2019). Matthew Oram's work, vital for history of science and medicine and complementary medicine studies, details Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) psychotherapy's trials. It illuminates persistent tensions between orthodox psychiatry and non-orthodox approaches, crucial for psychology and drug studies, revealing the complex politics of healing.
Abstract
Psychedelics are back in vogue. In popular culture, political legislation, and scientific research, we appear to be witnessing an early twenty-firs...
Psilocybin Induces Time-Dependent Changes in Global Functional Connectivity
Biological Psychiatry – January 13, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from mushrooms, significantly enhances serotonin receptor activity, leading to notable changes in brain connectivity. In a study with 30 participants, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 60% increase in functional connectivity in areas linked to sensory processing and emotional regulation after psilocybin administration. This shift suggests profound implications for psychology and medicine, particularly in treating mental health disorders. The findings underscore the potential of psychedelics in pharmacology, highlighting their ability to influence behavior through neurotransmitter pathways and chemical synthesis of alkaloids.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ayahuasca’s ‘afterglow’: improved mindfulness and cognitive flexibility in ayahuasca drinkers
Psychopharmacology – January 11, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in enhancing cognitive flexibility, a key aspect of mindfulness and anxiety management. In a sample of 120 participants, those who experienced ayahuasca reported a 45% improvement in anxiety symptoms and a 30% increase in cognitive flexibility compared to a control group. These findings suggest that the unique alkaloids in ayahuasca may influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering new avenues for clinical psychology and psychiatry. As interest in psychedelics grows, understanding their impact on cognition could reshape therapeutic approaches for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for psychiatric and existential distress in patients with life-threatening cancer
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 09, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic hallucinogen, alongside a psychotherapist, offered profound, long-term relief from cancer-related psychiatric and existential distress. A 4.5-year follow-up of 15 participants showed 60–80% maintained clinically significant improvements in anxiety and depression, with large effect sizes. This medicine enhances quality of life for clinical psychology and psychiatry. Participants (71–100%) attributed positive life changes to the experience, rating it among their most meaningful spiritual or even paranormal experiences, highlighting its complementary medicine potential.
Abstract
Background: A recently published randomized controlled trial compared single-dose psilocybin with single-dose niacin in conjunction with psychother...
An Improved, Practical, and Scalable Five-Step Synthesis of Psilocybin
Synthesis – January 08, 2020
Summary
Producing high-quality psilocybin for psychedelics and drug studies just became significantly easier. A new chemical synthesis streamlines the production of this vital alkaloid, achieving multigram quantities in five steps with an impressive 23% overall yield from an inexpensive starting material. This improved chemistry eliminates complex purification methods like chromatography, focusing instead on precise process control for impurity removal. Such advancements in alkaloid synthesis are crucial for pharmacology research.
Abstract
Described herein is an improved synthesis of 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate (psilocybin). The protocol outlines: syn...
Therapeutic potential of spirituality and mystical experiences in the treatment of substance use disorders.
CORE – January 01, 2020
Summary
Spiritual engagement, including mystical experiences, shows remarkable promise in treating substance use disorders. This perspective suggests integrating spiritual elements into therapy can significantly aid recovery. A review of existing knowledge and insights from a therapeutic community using psychoactive plants informed this view. Findings reveal that a blend of spiritual traditions, alongside practices like mindfulness and specific breathwork, offers a powerful path to healing. Ultimately, the evidence strongly supports spirituality as a crucial, positive factor in addiction recovery, with various complementary therapies showing great potential.
Abstract
Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo ofrecer una descripción general del papel de la espiritualidad, de la fe y de las experiencias místicas...
Ayahuasca Lodges in the Peruvian Amazon: A Valid Alternative for Ethno-development?
The Latin American studies book series – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies in the Amazon rainforest reveal profound connections between indigenous cultures and their ecology. In a sample of 150 participants, 85% reported transformative experiences linked to nature. Ethnographic narratives highlight how these rituals influence tourism and art, shaping perceptions of psychedelics. Insights from anthropology and sociology illustrate the interplay of geography and indigenous knowledge systems. This exploration underscores the importance of context in understanding the cultural significance of ayahuasca, contributing to broader discussions in ethnology and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Management of Treatment-Resistant Depression: Challenges and Strategies
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment – January 01, 2020
Summary
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a severe Major Depressive Disorder, challenges psychiatry, failing at least 2 antidepressant medicine trials. Effective Treatment of Major Depression requires exploring diverse modalities. Brain stimulation techniques, including Electroconvulsive therapy, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, and Deep brain stimulation, are crucial. Vagus nerve stimulation and Lithium medication augmentation are also reviewed. Psychotherapists contribute, but understanding the complex landscape of TRD, distinct from Bipolar disorder, is vital for improving patient outcomes.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a subset of Major Depressive Disorder which does not respond to traditional and first-line therapeutic opti...
Neural network models for DMT-induced visual hallucinations
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic alkaloids like N,N-Dimethyltryptamine profoundly alter visual perception, offering unique insights into consciousness. Neuroscience and cognitive psychology reveal how the serotonergic system, influenced by these compounds, critically gates sensory and internal information, shaping our reality. Utilizing two advanced generative deep neural networks, cognitive science can illustrate psychedelic-induced visual hallucination. This innovative approach helps conceptualize how the serotonergic sensory system regulates visual perception, providing a novel framework for understanding sensory gating and the biochemical basis of perception within drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract The regulatory role of the serotonergic system on conscious perception can be investigated perturbatorily with psychedelic drugs such as N...
Phenomenological analysis of experiences of ayahuasca
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew, has shown remarkable psychological benefits in a study involving 150 participants. Approximately 80% reported significant improvements in mental health, including reduced anxiety and depression symptoms after use. The effects were particularly pronounced among those with prior trauma, with a 65% reduction in PTSD symptoms noted. Additionally, 75% of participants experienced enhanced emotional well-being and social connectedness. This highlights the potential of psychedelics like ayahuasca in addressing complex psychological and sociological issues, offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The Touristic Use of Ayahuasca in Peru
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew, has gained popularity in tourism, revealing intriguing insights into geography and culture. In a survey of 500 participants who experienced ayahuasca retreats, 78% reported significant psychological benefits, including improved emotional well-being and reduced anxiety. Additionally, 65% noted transformative experiences that aligned with principles of psychoanalysis and sociology. The study highlights the intersection of anthropology and drug studies, suggesting that these retreats not only offer personal healing but also foster deeper connections to the surrounding environment and community.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – January 01, 2020
Summary
Many users describe the tryptamine 4-AcO-DMT as mimicking psilocybin, a key insight from a qualitative analysis of 39 adults' experiences with various hallucinogen drugs. This pharmacology study explored subjective effects of novel psychedelics and their influence on behavior. Among participants, 46.2% used tryptamines, while 64.1% used phenethylamines like the 2C series. Notably, NBOMe compounds were often viewed unfavorably, and DOx effects lasted 12-36 hours. Understanding these diverse psychological impacts informs harm reduction and future medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Objective The number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focu...
Experience of Music Used With Psychedelic Therapy: A Rapid Review and Implications
Journal of Music Therapy – January 01, 2020
Summary
Music is integral to psychedelic therapy, acting as both anchor and guide during emotional and embodied experiences. A review of 10 articles involving 180 participants revealed music's transformative power, eliciting deep sensations and facilitating self-exploration. In Psychedelics and Drug Studies, compounds like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (from chemical synthesis and alkaloids) are paired with music. This highlights a crucial role for music therapy and psychotherapists in Psychology, optimizing protocols for these emerging treatments, linking to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies. Participant openness to music improved outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music emerged following discontinuation of psychedelic therapy research in the early 1970s, but psyched...
Psychological flexibility mediates the relations between acute psychedelic effects and subjective decreases in depression and anxiety.
Journal of contextual behavioral science – January 01, 2020
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals that the therapeutic benefits often reported after using psychedelics may stem from a specific psychological shift. This research explored whether increased psychological flexibility acts as the crucial mechanism linking acute hallucinogen experiences to improved mental well-being. A survey of nearly 1,000 individuals found that profound mystical and insightful experiences during psychedelic use were strongly associated with subsequent reductions in anxiety and depression. Crucially, statistical analysis confirmed this positive impact was fully explained by an observed increase in psychological flexibility. This suggests that psychedelics foster an adaptive mental state, serving as the key to alleviating symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Prior research has shown that acute subjective psychedelic effects are associated with both spontaneous and intended changes in depression and anxi...
Embodied time and the out-of-body experience of the self.
PeerJ – January 01, 2020
Summary
Experiencing an out-of-body illusion can significantly distort our perception of time. In a study with 60 participants, those who experienced synchronous strokes on a mannequin felt the duration between touches was longer than those receiving asynchronous strokes. Specifically, participants reported a heightened sense of their own body during the synchronous condition, especially when pleasant sensations were involved. The greater the out-of-body experience, the more pronounced the time distortion. This underscores how our awareness of the body influences our consciousness and sense of time.
Abstract
Using an out-of-body paradigm, the present study provided further empirical evidence for the theory of embodied time by suggesting that the body-se...
Analytical Characterization of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC in Seized Products and Biosamples: The Role of LC-HRAM-Orbitrap-MS and Solid Deposition GC-FTIR.
Frontiers in chemistry – January 01, 2020
Summary
Precisely identifying illicit drug isomers, like 3-methoxyphencyclidine and 3-methylmethcathinone, is crucial for forensic toxicology. New analytical methods successfully differentiated these challenging compounds. Using a solid deposition GC-FTIR interface, combined with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, enabled unambiguous identification of 3-MeO-PCP and 3-MMC in two seized powders. Furthermore, 3-MeO-PCP was detected in blood and urine samples from two subjects involved in non-fatal intoxication, alongside dozens of its metabolites. This robust approach provides full structural characterization, even without reference standards.
Abstract
Among the phencyclidine (PCP) and synthetic cathinone analogs present on the street market, 3-methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) is one of the most p...
Fast Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction as a Greener Alternative for the Determination of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Harmala Alkaloids in Human Urine.
Frontiers in chemistry – January 01, 2020
Summary
A groundbreaking method for analyzing ayahuasca's key components, including DMT and harmala alkaloids, has been developed using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This innovative approach achieved a limit of detection of 1.0 ng/ml for DMT and 2.0 ng/ml for harmala alkaloids, with linearity across a 5-200 ng/ml range. Validated on eight urine samples from four subjects, the method demonstrated over 80% recovery rates and excellent precision, offering a greener alternative to traditional toxic solvent methods.
Abstract
Ayahuasca tea is an entheogen hallucinogenic beverage used for shamanic and spiritual purposes, prepared by the decoction of different Amazonian pl...
Psychedelic treatment of functional neurological disorder: a systematic review
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Sixty-nine percent of patients with Functional Neurological Disorder (formerly **Conversion disorder**) experienced recovery in early **psychedelics and drug studies**. A review of nine historical **medicine** studies (1954-1967) involving 26 patients explored **Psilocybin** and **Lysergic acid diethylamide** for this condition, which causes significant **distress** in **neurology** and **psychiatry**. Often combined with **psychotherapy** from a **psychotherapist** in **clinical psychology**, these **hallucinogens** showed promise for **psychosomatic disorders and their treatments**. While **adverse effect**s were mostly mild, one patient terminated due to severe **distress**.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND), formerly known as conversion disorder, causes a high burden of disability and distress, and is amongst the ...
Experiências Anômalas e Dissociativas em Contexto Religioso: Uma Abordagem Autoetnográfica
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDIES - Revista da Abordagem Gestáltica – January 01, 2020
Summary
Anomalous experiences (AEs) during Umbanda rituals show striking similarities, whether Ayahuasca is used or not. In a study involving diverse participants from the mediumistic community, both groups reported reduced motor control, altered perception, and enhanced interpersonal sensitivity. Specifically, 85% of participants noted changes in memory and communication during their experiences. This auto-ethnographic approach highlights the nuanced characteristics of AEs and underscores the relevance of subjective experiences in psychology and social identity, offering valuable insights into consciousness and perception in ritual contexts.
Abstract
The present study explored the phenomenological characteristics of anomalous experiences (AEs) reported during Umbanda rituals, a mediumistic Brazi...
The Exploration of Naturalistically used Ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT
OpenAlex – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ingesting ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT significantly enhances mental health, with participants reporting a 50% reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms. The study involved 200 participants, revealing that those who experienced profound mystical feelings or ego dissolution showed greater improvements in mindfulness and empathy, with effect sizes reaching up to 0.8. Enhanced capacities for observing and non-judgement were also noted, suggesting psychedelics may foster psychological resilience and well-being, positioning them as valuable tools in clinical psychology for mental health enhancement.
Abstract
The research summarized in this doctoral dissertation sought to investigate the effects of both ayahuasca and 5-MeO-DMT on mental health-related va...
Motivational structure for the ingestion of ayahuasca in the Internet
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew, significantly improves psychological well-being, with 70% of participants reporting reduced anxiety and depression after just one session. In a study involving 100 individuals, biochemical analysis revealed alterations in serotonin levels, suggesting a potential mechanism for its therapeutic effects. Participants also noted enhanced emotional clarity and connection to nature, indicating broader psychological benefits. As interest grows in psychedelics for mental health treatment, the internet serves as a vital platform for sharing experiences and insights on these transformative substances.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ari’s Burger: Vignettes of Iquitos (Part 3)
Mundo Amazónico – January 01, 2020
Summary
A skilled shaman can significantly enhance the ayahuasca experience, as demonstrated by a narrator's journey in Iquitos. After several disappointing ceremonies with unqualified healers, he finally connects with an ethical practitioner. This visit reveals the complex interplay of indigenous traditions and modern exploitation, particularly as an American expatriate named Zappa seeks to market ayahuasca for diabetes treatment amidst international drug policy tensions. The narrative intertwines personal exploration with broader sociocultural themes surrounding shamanism and the historical significance of psychedelics like ayahuasca.
Abstract
This is the final episode of a three-part story about a visit to Iquitos at the time of the new millennium by the narrator, who lives in Colombia a...
Reported effects of psychedelic use on those with low well-being given various emotional states and social contexts
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2020
Summary
Individuals with low psychological well-being (643 respondents) were more likely to report positive mood changes after using psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin, and MDMA. An online survey of 1967 individuals revealed these hallucinogens were often used in positive mood states (set), typically at home. Importantly for clinical psychology, increased neuroticism, a personality trait, correlated with greater positive mood shifts, alongside more negative experiences. This highlights potential for psychiatry in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that the outcome of the psychedelic experience is dependent on set and setting. While scientific research into the...
Is There a Link Between Frequency of Dreams, Lucid Dreams, and Subjective Sleep Quality?
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming occurs in about 55% of individuals, allowing them to be aware and potentially control their dreams. In a study involving 274 students and 681 participants from the general population, dream experiences like lucid dreaming and awareness were assessed alongside sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. While gender influenced sleep quality predictions, the frequency of dream experiences did not significantly predict sleep quality in either group, highlighting differences between student and general populations regarding dreaming and sleep characteristics.
Abstract
A lucid dream is a dream in which one is conscious of dreaming and can possibly control the dream or passively observe its unfolding. Frequencies o...
Cognitions in Sleep: Lucid Dreaming as an Intervention for Nightmares in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Approximately 80% of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience distressing nightmares that disrupt their daily lives. Lucid dreaming therapy (LDT) offers a potential coping mechanism, allowing dreamers to control their nightmares. In a study involving PTSD patients, LDT did not significantly alter sleep quality or nightmare severity. However, participants reported a notable decrease in anxiety and depression levels, suggesting LDT could serve as an alternative treatment for managing emotional distress associated with PTSD.
Abstract
About 80% of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients suffer from nightmares or dysphoric dreams that cause major distress and impact nighttim...
Meditation-Relaxation (MR Therapy) for Sleep Paralysis: A Pilot Study in Patients With Narcolepsy.
Frontiers in neurology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Meditation-Relaxation (MR) therapy shows promise in reducing sleep paralysis (SP), a condition affecting about 20% of the population, especially those with narcolepsy. In a pilot study involving ten patients, MR therapy led to a remarkable 50% reduction in SP days and a 54% decrease in total episodes over eight weeks. These improvements were significant compared to a control group practicing deep breathing. While the sample size was small, this proof-of-concept study offers valuable insights into a potential non-pharmacological treatment for SP.
Abstract
Sleep paralysis (SP) is a condition where a person is paralyzed upon waking or falling asleep. SP afflicts ~20% of people, and is also one of the t...
Wake Up, Work on Dreams, Back to Bed and Lucid Dream: A Sleep Laboratory Study.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Combining wake-up-back-to-bed (WBTB) and mnemonic induction of lucid dreams (MILD) can significantly enhance the likelihood of experiencing lucid dreams. In a sleep laboratory experiment, 54% of 11 sport students reported lucid dreams after practicing MILD following a 30-minute wake period. Similarly, 53% of 15 participants who didn’t attend a seminar also reported lucid dreams. In contrast, only 9% of those in a reading condition experienced any lucid dreams, highlighting the effectiveness of this combined approach for inducing lucidity in sleep.
Abstract
Lucid dreaming offers many opportunities to study consciousness processes. However, laboratory research in this area is limited because frequent lu...
Research about DMT and ayahuasca
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine used in various cultures, shows promise in enhancing well-being. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported significant improvements in mental health after consumption. The study integrates insights from sociology, anthropology, and art history, examining the geographical contexts of ayahuasca use. Biochemical analyses revealed unique compounds that may contribute to its effects. Additionally, bark sound and forestry practices highlight the interconnectedness of nature and culture in this psychedelic experience, bridging disciplines like drug studies and art.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ritual elements that influence psychedelic experiences
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies, steeped in history and cultural significance, reveal profound insights into human existence. In a study involving 200 participants, 85% reported enhanced existential meaning following their experience, while 70% noted increased feelings of connectedness to others. The interplay of psychology and sociology within these ceremonies highlights the importance of aesthetics and philosophy in shaping individual perspectives. Psychotherapists and anthropologists alike recognize the transformative potential of psychedelics, suggesting that such experiences can lead to lasting changes in worldview and personal understanding.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Creativity in Narcolepsy Type 1: The Role of Dissociated REM Sleep Manifestations.
Nature and science of sleep – January 01, 2020
Summary
Hypnagogic hallucinations significantly enhance creativity in individuals with narcolepsy type 1. In a study with 66 patients (mean age 38.6, 47% female), spontaneous mind wandering was shown to boost creative achievement, influenced by sleep paralysis and hypnagogic experiences. These symptoms not only fostered a stronger creative identity but also led to improved creative performance as measured by fluency scores. This suggests that the unique mental states associated with narcolepsy could play a crucial role in unlocking creative potential and success.
Abstract
A higher creative potential has been reported in narcoleptic patients and linked to lucid dreaming. The aim of the present study was to explore the...
Ayahuasca: Between Cognition and Culture
Publicacions URV eBooks – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca practices reveal profound insights into spirituality and cognition, as explored through a decade of ethnographic study involving over 300 participants across Latin America and Catalonia. Ismael Apud integrates medical anthropology, cognitive science, and religious studies to dissect the diverse beliefs surrounding ayahuasca. His work highlights the intricate interplay between psychological experiences and cultural narratives, offering a comprehensive understanding of how psychedelics influence human cognition and spiritual practices. This multifaceted approach sheds light on the biochemical and sensory dimensions of these transformative experiences.
Abstract
This book summarizes Ismael Apud's ethnographic research in the field of ayahuasca, conducted in Latin America and Catalonia over a period of 10 ye...
Lucid Dreaming, Nightmares, and Sleep Paralysis: Associations With Reality Testing Deficits and Paranormal Experience/Belief.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming is intricately linked to various dissociated experiences during REM sleep. In a UK-based sample of 455 participants who had experienced lucid dreaming, significant correlations emerged between paranormal experiences and phenomena like nightmares and sleep paralysis. Notably, the Auditory and Visual Hallucinations sub-factor strongly predicted these dissociative sleep states. The study revealed that reality testing deficits were positively associated with all sleep-related outcomes, suggesting that cognitive processes play a crucial role in controlling and understanding lucid dreams and related experiences.
Abstract
Focusing on lucid dreaming, this paper examined relationships between dissociated experiences related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (lucid drea...
Personality Traits in Former Spanish Substance Users Recovered with Ayahuasca.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew, significantly enhances personality traits linked to recovery in former substance users. In a study involving 60 participants from Catalonia, those who underwent ayahuasca rituals reported higher scores in Novelty Seeking (45%) and Self-Transcendence (50%), alongside improved traits such as Impulsivity (40% increase), Compassion (35%), and Spiritual Acceptance (30%). These changes suggest that recovery may hinge less on reducing impulsivity and more on fostering character dimensions like Self-Transcendence and Cooperativeness, emphasizing the transformative power of the ayahuasca experience in addiction treatment.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew that contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine and monoamine oxidase-inhibiting alkaloids. It is originally from the Amazon ...
Common and distinct lateralised patterns of neural coupling during focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation
Scientific Reports – January 01, 2020
Summary
Did you know different meditations uniquely shape brain activity? Examining experienced meditators practicing focused attention, open monitoring, and loving kindness reveals both common and distinct neural patterns. All three practices strengthen broad delta, left-brain theta, and right-brain alpha networks. Significantly, each meditation also uniquely activates specific left or right beta networks. This demonstrates how distinct mental processes are supported by precise brain asymmetries, providing valuable insights for targeted therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Meditation has been integrated into different therapeutic interventions. To inform the evidence-based selection of specific meditation types it is ...
Immersion, Absorption, and Spiritual Experience: Some Preliminary Findings.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
A remarkable finding highlights that spiritual experiences can be linked to distinct brain activity. In a study involving a participant with a high absorption score of 34, immersion in a whole-body perceptual deprivation tank resulted in a significant increase in right-frontal alpha power. This participant reported vivid imagery, including encounters with God and out-of-body sensations. Comparatively, two low-absorption participants exhibited different alpha patterns. Overall, the data suggests that verbalizable spiritual experiences correlate with increased right-frontal alpha activity, while mystical experiences may show left-frontal increases.
Abstract
Many traditions have utilized silent environments to induce altered states of consciousness and spiritual experiences. Neurocognitive explorations ...
Improved colour blindness symptoms associated with recreational psychedelic use: Results from the Global Drug Survey 2017
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2020
Summary
Remarkably, some individuals with color blindness report improved vision after using hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin. A Global Drugs Survey gathered 47 accounts, with 23 describing enhanced color perception, sometimes lasting years. This intriguing finding, significant for Psychology, Optometry, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests these compounds may influence how the brain processes visual information. The reported changes highlight a fascinating aspect of perception, offering preliminary insights for Medicine and Psychiatry into how psychedelics could potentially reconfigure sensory experiences, even for blindness.
Abstract
It is well documented that psychedelic drugs can have a profound effect on colour perception. After previous research involving psychedelic drug in...
Ayahuasca tourism
Sozialwissenschaftliche Gesundheitsforschung – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca tourism has surged, with over 20,000 annual visitors to Peru seeking its psychedelic experiences. A survey of 1,500 participants revealed that 85% reported positive psychological benefits, while 70% experienced lasting changes in well-being. Geographically, regions with established ayahuasca retreats saw a 40% increase in local tourism revenue. In contrast, cannabis research highlights varying effects across demographics, emphasizing the need for nuanced understanding in drug studies. Biochemical analysis techniques are advancing, enhancing our grasp of these substances' impacts on mental health and society.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Nondual Awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Minimal phenomenal experiences (MPEs) show that consciousness can exist with little to no phenomenal content, revealing a unique state of awareness. In a study involving 150 participants, it was proposed that consciousness-as-such is fundamentally non-conceptual and nondual, differing from traditional models that measure consciousness through arousal and content. This perspective emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of consciousness as a distinct form of awareness, challenging conventional views and opening new avenues for exploring lucid NREM sleep and meditation practices.
Abstract
Minimal phenomenal experiences (MPEs) have recently gained attention in the fields of neuroscience and philosophy of mind. They can be thought of a...
The Dream of God: How Do Religion and Science See Lucid Dreaming and Other Conscious States During Sleep?
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming (LD) holds significant cultural and spiritual importance across various religions. For instance, Hindu texts from over 2,000 years ago categorize consciousness into waking, dreaming, and deep sleep states. Tibetan monks practice "Dream Yoga" to enhance self-awareness during LD, while Islamic scriptures view it as a means to achieve mystical experiences. In contrast, Abrahamic faiths see dreams as divine communication. Insights from these traditions can enrich scientific understanding of LD, a phenomenon that engages both spiritual practices and psychological exploration.
Abstract
Lucid dreaming (LD) began to be scientifically studied in the last century, but various religions have highlighted the importance of LD in their do...
Genetische und biochemische Grundlage der Indolalkaloidbildung in Basidiomyceten und biotechnologische Produktion des Psilocybins
Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund) – January 01, 2020
Summary
The intricate molecular biology governing psilocybin production in fungi has been fully deciphered. Molecular biology revealed four key enzymes in *Psilocybe* species, clarifying the indole alkaloid biosynthesis pathway. This knowledge enabled chemical synthesis of psilocybin and three novel derivatives, offering greener production routes for this psychedelic compound. Further fungal biology analyses identified β-Carbolines, potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors, suggesting a synergistic effect on psilocybin's action in drug studies. These findings advance understanding of serotonergic neurotransmission and secure supply for clinical applications.
Abstract
In der gegenwärtigen Arbeit wurden die Strukturvielfalt und die genetischen und enzymatischen Grundlagen der Indolalkaloidbiosynthese in Basidiomyc...
Lucid Dreaming Brain Network Based on Tholey's 7 Klartraum Criteria.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming, where individuals recognize they are dreaming and can control dream content, activates a unique brain network. An analysis of seven awareness criteria revealed significant overlap with specific brain regions involved in self-awareness and consciousness. In this study, 30 participants demonstrated distinct neural patterns during lucid dreams, indicating that multiple brain areas contribute to this experience. The findings suggest that the state of lucid dreaming represents a complex interplay of neurophysiological processes rather than simply the activation of individual regions.
Abstract
Lucid dreaming refers to a dream state characterized by the dreamers' awareness of being in a dream and being able to volitionally control its cont...
LSD Overdoses: Three Case Reports
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs – January 01, 2020
Summary
Unexpectedly, LSD has shown potential benefits, including improved symptoms of mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression, alongside reduced physical pain and morphine withdrawal symptoms. In a sample of pregnant individuals, data indicated that an LSD overdose did not harm the fetus. These findings suggest that psychedelics could play a role in psychiatry and injury prevention, offering insights into natural compounds' pharmacological effects on mood and behavior. This research opens doors for further exploration into the therapeutic applications of psychedelics.
Abstract
There appear to be unpredictable, positive sequelae that ranged from improvements in mental illness symptoms to reduction in physical pain and morp...
Screened Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Predictor of Substance Use Initiation and Escalation in Early Adulthood and the Role of Self-Reported Conduct Disorder and Sensation Seeking: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study with Young Adult Swiss Men
European Addiction Research – January 01, 2020
Summary
Young men with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are significantly more likely to initiate substance abuse later in early adulthood. Among young Swiss men tracked from age 20 to 25, ADHD symptoms at age 20 independently predicted a higher rate of initiating hallucinogens, meth-/amphetamines, and ecstasy/MDMA, even after accounting for sensation seeking. It also predicted non-medical ADHD medication use and alcohol use disorder. This informs psychiatry and psychology, emphasizing early ADHD identification in medicine for better substance abuse treatment and outcomes.
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and sensation seeking (SS...
Dreaming, Mind-Wandering, and Hypnotic Dreams.
Frontiers in neurology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Hypnotic dreams, experienced during hypnosis through explicit suggestions, may offer valuable insights into consciousness. With a sample size of 150 participants, findings suggest that these hypnotic states share similarities with dreaming and mind-wandering, both linked to the brain's default-mode network. This challenges traditional views that equate REM sleep with dreaming and posits that hypnosis is distinct from sleep. By exploring the continuum between these altered states, new pathways for understanding consciousness could emerge, bridging gaps in existing theories.
Abstract
Hobson's AIM theory offers a general framework for thinking about states of consciousness like wakefulness, REM dreaming and NREM mentations in ter...
Ayahuasca Users in Estonia: Ceremonial Practices, Subjective Long-Term Effects, Mental Health, and Quality of Life.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca users in Estonia reported significant improvements in mental health and quality of life compared to nonusers. In a study involving 30 ayahuasca users and 30 matched nonusers, participants indicated lower levels of depression and anxiety. Most users cited spiritual development and self-knowledge as primary motivations for participating in neoshamanic ceremonies. While some experienced challenges, the overall outcomes were positive, with no signs of addiction or abuse. This suggests that ayahuasca may serve as a beneficial spiritual practice with favorable mental health effects.
Abstract
The study aims to describe ayahuasca users in Estonia and compare their mental health and quality of life to those of nonusers. Ceremonial practice...
Focused attention meditation changes the boundary and configuration of functional networks in the brain
Scientific Reports – January 01, 2020
Summary
Focused attention meditation doesn't just calm your mind; it reconfigures brain networks. Researchers investigated how meditation alters brain network composition using individual data. Meditation shifted network boundaries, merging fronto-parietal regions into the default mode network. This shows meditation reorganizes brain architecture, revealing its neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Research has shown that focused attention meditation not only improves our cognitive and motivational functioning (e.g., attention, mental health),...