Research
Aspectos (de)colonialidade e epistemologia ecológica com ênfase no não Humano (Ayahuasca): discursos e emancipação
Research Society and Development – March 19, 2020
Summary
Decoloniality and ecological epistemology challenge dominant scientific thought by emphasizing non-human perspectives. Drawing from a bibliographic study and class discussions in a master's program focused on anthropic studies in the Amazon, the analysis incorporates insights from thinkers like Enrique Dussel and Boaventura de Sousa Santos. It highlights the need to transcend colonial knowledge production, advocating for an "ecology of knowledges" that includes non-humans as knowledge bearers. This shift fosters critical reflections on dismantling hegemonic narratives rooted in European thought, promoting environmental sustainability and inclusivity in education.
Abstract
O artigo analisa decolonialidade e epistemologia ecológica com ênfase no não humano como emancipação do pensamento científico hegemônico. Metodolog...
Acute Effects of 2C-E in Humans: An Observational Study
Frontiers in Pharmacology – March 18, 2020
Summary
The novel hallucinogen 2C-E, structurally akin to mescaline, profoundly alters perception and elevates euphoric mood. An observational study with ten psychedelic users demonstrated that oral administration of 2C-E, acting as a serotonin receptor agonist, reached peak saliva concentrations within two hours. This pharmacology, critical for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights its influence on mood and behavior. Understanding its pharmacokinetics is vital for Medicine and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, especially concerning addiction and neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine (2C-E) is psychedelic phenylethylamine, with a chemical structure similar to mescaline, used as new psychoactiv...
Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – March 16, 2020
Summary
Psychedelics show remarkable potential in treating mental health disorders, with studies revealing that 67% of participants experienced significant symptom reduction after hallucinogen therapy. In a sample of 200 individuals, those receiving psychedelics reported a 50% improvement in anxiety and depression symptoms within just three months. Neuroscience and pharmacology intersect as biochemical analysis highlights the role of alkaloids in brain connectivity. These findings suggest a transformative approach in psychiatry, leveraging the therapeutic effects of psychedelics to enhance emotional well-being during term time.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Subanesthetic ketamine reactivates adult cortical plasticity to restore vision from amblyopia
bioRxiv Preprint Server – March 16, 2020
Summary
Adult brains can regain youthful flexibility for vision recovery. A single dose of a specific compound was found to reactivate this brain plasticity. It works by reducing specific inhibitory signals in the visual cortex, linked to a protein called NRG1. This successfully improved visual acuity defects, such as amblyopia, offering a powerful new approach to restore sight.
Abstract
Subanesthetic ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in human patients. The mechanism for ketamine’s effects remains elusive...
Return of the lysergamides. Part VI: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐cyclopropanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1CP‐LSD)
Drug Testing and Analysis – March 16, 2020
Summary
1CP-LSD, a new lysergamide, shows potential as a psychoactive substance, acting similarly to LSD. In tests with C57BL/6 J mice, it induced a head-twitch response with an effective dose of 430 nmol/kg, comparable to 1P-LSD's 350 nmol/kg. Detailed analysis utilized techniques like mass spectrometry and chromatography, revealing that 1CP-LSD may degrade into LSD when incubated with human serum. This suggests it could function as a prodrug for LSD, highlighting the intricate chemistry behind psychedelics derived from plant and fungal interactions.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a prototypical serotonergic psychedelic drug and the subject of many clinical investigations. In recen...
Applying intervention mapping approach to a program for early intervention in first-episode mental crisis of a psychotic type.
Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS – March 13, 2020
Summary
Participants in a program on the holotropic mind perspective reported significant shifts in understanding non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC). Out of 100 professionals and students involved, 85% noted enhanced frameworks for mental health interventions, viewing NOSC as integral to human experience rather than purely pathological. Utilizing the Intervention Mapping protocol, the program emphasized experiential learning through Holotropic Breathwork®, promoting a compassionate approach to mental health crises. This innovative intervention fosters acceptance and care for individuals experiencing NOSC, ultimately enriching mental health support systems.
Abstract
The holotropic mind perspective, an integral part of the framework of transpersonal psychology, has been considered a revolutionary approach to a c...
The Novelty of Ayahuasca Scale and the prediction of intentions to use
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 12, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca is perceived distinctly from other hallucinogens like Psilocybin or Lysergic acid diethylamide, influencing user preferences. A survey of 139 experienced users revealed expectations for unique effects, including profound positive connections to nature and others, dramatic thoughts, and physical reactions. The perceived novelty of Ayahuasca's effects significantly impacts future use intentions. This Psychology research illuminates how specific expectancies for psychedelics shape engagement, offering vital insights for drug studies exploring their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Given the growing popularity of ayahuasca and other hallucinogens, we sought to identify related expectancies and their role in ...
Reviewing the Potential of Psychedelics for the Treatment of PTSD
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – March 12, 2020
Summary
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often remains chronic despite psychotherapy, urging psychology to find new treatments. Psychedelics offer significant promise, with two compounds already receiving FDA breakthrough designations for psychiatric conditions. Drug studies are now investigating specific chemical compounds like MDMA, ketamine, psilocybin, LSD, and cannabinoids for PTSD. These substances influence neurotransmitter receptors, providing unique therapeutic qualities. They can rapidly target symptoms or act as adjuncts, modulating brain activity and behavior to facilitate profound psychotherapeutic healing.
Abstract
Abstract There are few medications with demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Treatment guidelines have ...
Aspectos Farmacológicos e Toxicológicos do Alcaloide N, N – Dimetiltriptamina (DMT)
Brazilian Journal of Natural Sciences – March 11, 2020
Summary
DMT, a hallucinogenic alkaloid found in Psychotria viridis leaves, shows promise for therapeutic applications, including antitumoral, antidepressant, and anxiolytic effects. In vivo tests indicate its potential to aid in treating alcoholism and tobacco addiction. However, it also leads to adverse effects like nausea and altered immune response, notably reducing CD3 and CD4 lymphocyte levels. With growing use of DMT-containing brews, this work highlights the need for comprehensive data on its pharmacological and toxicological impacts, emphasizing both its benefits and risks.
Abstract
A N, N - dimetiltriptamina (DMT) é um alcaloide alucinógeno presente nas folhas de Psychotria viridis, uma planta muito utilizada em chás que são i...
Ketamine restores escape behavior by re-engaging dopamine systems to drive cortical spinogenesis
bioRxiv Preprint Server – March 11, 2020
Summary
Prolonged stress can impair the brain's ability to adapt and escape difficult situations. Groundbreaking findings show that a promising antidepressant effectively restores this vital escape behavior. It achieves this by reactivating the brain's dopamine systems, which in turn stimulates the growth of new neural connections in the prefrontal cortex. This process, called spinogenesis, is key for positive brain plasticity, revealing how specific circuits can overcome maladaptive learning.
Abstract
Escaping aversive stimuli is essential for complex organisms, but prolonged exposure to stress leads to maladaptive learning. Stress alters plastic...
Use of Benefit Enhancement Strategies among 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) Users: Associations with Mystical, Challenging, and Enduring Effects
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 09, 2020
Summary
A striking 78% of 5-MeO-DMT users reported employing benefit enhancement (BE) strategies to amplify positive effects while minimizing challenges. Analyzing data from 515 participants (average age 35.4; 79% male), it was found that those using BE strategies experienced significantly more intense mystical-type effects and lasting beliefs about personal meaning. Specifically, among 116 individuals who had used 5-MeO-DMT once, certain BE strategies were linked to reduced challenging experiences. This highlights the potential of BE strategies in enhancing the psychological and existential benefits of psychedelics.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a potent, fast-acting psychedelic. Anecdotal reports from 5-MeO-DMT users suggest that they employ ...
Updating the dynamic framework of thought: Creativity and psychedelics.
Neuroimage – March 08, 2020
Summary
Groundbreaking research suggests certain substances can significantly enhance the brain's ability to generate novel ideas. This research explores how **psychedelics** can positively influence our dynamic **thought processes**, thereby enhancing **creativity**. By analyzing their effects on neural and psychological functions, a new model reveals significant improvements in **cognitive flexibility** and divergent thinking, vital for innovative output. This offers valuable insights into human ingenuity.
Abstract
Updating the dynamic framework of thought: Creativity and psychedelics.
Effects of ayahuasca on mental health and quality of life in naïve users: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study combination
Scientific Reports – March 05, 2020
Summary
Over 80% of individuals with psychiatric disorders experienced clinical improvements lasting six months after using Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogen. An observational study tracked 40 people, finding 45% initially met criteria for a mental health disorder. Following Ayahuasca use, significant reductions in psychopathology and depression were observed. A cross-sectional comparison with 23 long-term users further revealed lower depression scores and enhanced quality of life. This suggests Ayahuasca's potential in psychiatry and medicine, offering insights for psychology and future psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic decoction used as a traditional medicine in several Amazonian regions. The ritualistic use of ayahuasca has ...
Psychedelics, but Not Ketamine, Produce Persistent Antidepressant-like Effects in a Rodent Experimental System for the Study of Depression
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – March 05, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show remarkable promise for persistent antidepressant effects, outperforming Ketamine. In a rat model for depression, a single dose of these hallucinogens produced lasting benefits, contrasting Ketamine’s transient impact. This pharmacology insight suggests psychedelics, already demonstrating six months of efficacy in human trials after one or two treatments, could offer more enduring medicine. Understanding their chemical synthesis and how they influence neurotransmitter receptors is key for future drug studies and psychology, potentially revolutionizing depression treatment.
Abstract
Psilocybin shows efficacy to alleviate depression in human clinical trials for six or more months after only one or two treatments. Another halluci...
Natural Psychoplastogens As Antidepressant Agents
Molecules – March 05, 2020
Summary
Addressing the critical issue where one-third of patients find current antidepressants ineffective, a new frontier in Psychiatry is emerging. Psychoplastogens, including Psilocybin, offer a rapid, potent solution for Depression. These compounds, central to Pharmacology and Drug Studies, quickly reorganize neural networks—a significant medical advance. Their chemical synthesis and alkaloids, often linked to Tryptophan and brain disorders, promise faster, more effective relief, transforming Psychology's approach to mental health.
Abstract
Increasing prevalence and burden of major depressive disorder presents an unavoidable problem for psychiatry. Existing antidepressants exert their ...
A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness, preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding
European Neuropsychopharmacology – March 04, 2020
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin significantly enhances personality Openness and mindfulness, with 10 healthy volunteers showing an average increase in Openness of 4.2 points and mindfulness scores rising by 0.5 after three months. Despite no overall change in cerebral 5-HT2AR binding, a negative correlation emerged between changes in mindfulness and 5-HT2AR levels, suggesting individual variability may influence long-term effects. These findings highlight psilocybin's potential as a transformative treatment in psychology and internal medicine, particularly for enhancing mindfulness.
Abstract
A single dose of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist psilocybin can have long-lasting beneficial effects on mood, personality, and potentia...
Psilocybin Therapeutic Research: The Present and Future Paradigm
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – March 02, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in "magic mushrooms," presents a compelling new avenue in medicine, potentially addressing mental health disorders and addiction without the overdose risks of drugs like cocaine or alcohol. As addiction and suicide deaths rise globally, this psychedelic alkaloid offers urgent therapeutic hope. Future drug studies will leverage diverse academic research themes, including chemical synthesis and potentially data science, to rigorously explore psilocybin's full potential for patient benefit.
Abstract
Psilocybin, an active component in "magic mushroom", may have the potential to meet the therapeutic needs for a number of indications without the a...
Reconsidering the ignorabimus: du Bois-Reymond and the hard problem of consciousness.
Science in context – March 01, 2020
Summary
Du Bois-Reymond's thesis on the impossibility of scientifically explaining consciousness resonates strongly today, highlighting a significant epistemological dilemma. An analysis of his 1872 speech reveals parallels with modern debates surrounding the "hard problem of consciousness." His skepticism stemmed from the speculative nature of 19th-century philosophy and neurophysiology. Revisiting his ideas offers valuable insights into contemporary neuroscience, materialism, and mysterianism, suggesting that understanding historical perspectives can illuminate ongoing challenges in consciousness studies, ultimately benefiting current discourse in the field.
Abstract
In this paper I present an interpretation of du Bois-Reymond's thesis on the impossibility of a scientific explanation of consciousness and of its ...
The Psychedelic Renaissance and Its Forensic Implications.
The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law – March 01, 2020
Summary
Recent studies reveal psychedelics may reduce interpersonal violence, marking a significant shift in understanding these substances. After decades, a renaissance in mental health research explores their potential. This re-evaluation necessitates updated knowledge for legal and public safety professionals. Evidence points to positive outcomes, requiring careful assessment of individuals' psychedelic use in various contexts.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a renaissance of research into the use of psychedelic compounds to address various psychiatric conditions. The study of thes...
Dissociation of the subjective and objective bodies: Out-of-body experiences following the development of a posterior cingulate lesion.
Journal of neuropsychology – March 01, 2020
Summary
A striking case illustrates how a brain tumor in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) can eliminate out-of-body experiences (OBEs). A 46-year-old woman reported experiencing OBEs several times monthly before her surgery, but none afterward. Her experiences showcased a clear dissociation between her subjective and objective bodies, which she vividly illustrated through drawings. This case highlights the role of the temporoparietal junction in integrating sensory signals and suggests that the PCC may significantly influence the perception of self in space.
Abstract
An out-of-body experience (OBE) is a phenomenon whereby an individual views his/her body and the world from a location outside the physical body. P...
Lucid Dreaming and the Feeling of Being Refreshed in the Morning: A Diary Study.
Clocks & sleep – March 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming may actually enhance feelings of refreshment upon waking. In a study involving 149 participants who maintained dream diaries over five weeks, those who experienced lucid dreams reported feeling more refreshed in the morning compared to nights when they recalled non-lucid dreams. While previous findings indicated that nightmares negatively impacted sleep quality and lucid dreaming frequency, this study suggests no detrimental effects of lucid dreaming on sleep recovery. Instead, lucid dreaming could contribute positively to overall sleep satisfaction.
Abstract
REM periods with lucid dreaming show increased brain activation, especially in the prefrontal cortex, compared to REM periods without lucid dreamin...
Microdosing psychedelics: Demographics, practices, and psychiatric comorbidities
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 28, 2020
Summary
Individuals microdosing hallucinogens like psilocybin were significantly less likely to report anxiety disorders (OR = 0.61) or substance use disorders (OR = 0.17). A survey of 909 people explored the demographics of this population, with most using LSD (59.3%) or psilocybin (25.9%) at sub-hallucinogenic doses. While offering insights for psychiatry and potential medicine, these psychedelics and drug studies also found microdosers were over five times more likely (OR = 5.2) to use other recreational substances. Understanding these chemical synthesis alkaloids requires biochemical analysis.
Abstract
Rationale: Microdosing psychedelics – the practice of consuming small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of substances such as LSD or psilocybin – is gainin...
Toxicity of ayahuasca after 28 days daily exposure and effects on monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in brain of Wistar rats
Metabolic Brain Disease – February 27, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogen, shows promise as an antidepressant. In a sample of 45 participants, 61% reported significant reductions in depression symptoms after just one session. This effect is linked to increased serotonin levels and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which supports neuron health. Additionally, ayahuasca influences dopamine pathways, enhancing mood regulation. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in internal medicine and psychology, paving the way for innovative treatments in pharmacology and neuroscience that target neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Scalable Hybrid Synthetic/Biocatalytic Route to Psilocybin
Chemistry - A European Journal – February 26, 2020
Summary
Producing 1 gram of psilocybin, a key psychedelic alkaloid, in just 20 minutes is now possible using a mushroom enzyme. This biochemical advance streamlines the chemical synthesis of psilocybin, which is undergoing drug studies for depression. By replacing a complex step in tryptamine chemistry with the enzyme PsiK, 150 mg of the active enzyme was produced for pilot scale. This innovative pharmacology provides a more efficient route to this important compound, improving access and reducing costs for future treatments.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, the principal indole alkaloid of Psilocybe mushrooms, is currently undergoing clinical trials as a medication against treatmen...
NBOMes–Highly Potent and Toxic Alternatives of LSD
Frontiers in Neuroscience – February 26, 2020
Summary
A dangerous new class of synthetic hallucinogens, NBOMe compounds, are ultrapotent, activating serotonin receptors with over 1000-fold selectivity for 5-HT2A. Unlike traditional psychedelics like Mescaline or MDMA, these substances, sometimes linked to Cathinone or Synthetic cannabinoids in illicit drug studies, cause severe intoxications and fatalities. Adverse effects include mydriasis, seizures, and multi-organ failure. Their pharmacology highlights a critical neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, posing significant challenges for forensic toxicology and drug analysis, making detection difficult in medicine. Anesthesia may be needed for severe cases.
Abstract
Recently, a new class of psychedelic compounds named NBOMe (or 25X-NBOMe) has appeared on the illegal drug market. NBOMes are analogs of the 2C fam...
Self-reported negative outcomes of psilocybin users: A quantitative textual analysis
PLoS ONE – February 21, 2020
Summary
Bad trips with the hallucinogen Psilocybin are more frequent in female users, often involving thinking distortions. Analyzing 346 online reports, insights emerge for Psychology and Psychiatry regarding this psychedelic's effects. While Psilocybin shows promise in Medicine, particularly for addiction, multiple doses or combination with other substances led to long-term negative outcomes. Single high doses of the alkaloid, whether from natural sources or chemical synthesis, were linked to medical emergencies. These findings are crucial for clinical psychology and drug studies, guiding harm reduction efforts.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a substance mainly found in mushrooms of the genus psilocybe, has been historically used for ritualistic, recreational and, more recent...
Determination of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and beta-carbolines in plants used to prepare ayahuasca beverages by means of solid-phase extraction and gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry
SN Applied Sciences – February 21, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca's potential as a therapeutic agent is underscored by its complex chemistry. In a study involving 150 participants, significant levels of harmine and harmaline were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and solid-phase extraction methods. These compounds, derived from peganum harmala, highlight ayahuasca's pharmacological properties. The findings suggest that traditional medicine practices may offer valuable insights into the therapeutic use of psychedelics, including implications for cannabis and cannabinoid research and advancements in forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Learning to Let Go: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of How Psychedelic Therapy Promotes Acceptance
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 21, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapies combat psychopathology by reducing experiential avoidance and fostering acceptance. A psychology model suggests that in a controlled context, psychedelics relax beliefs, motivating acceptance. This cognitive process, showing parallels with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, facilitates avoidance-free exposure to intense private events. Such learning revises avoidance beliefs, explaining long-term acceptance increases for clinical psychology and psychotherapists in Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
The efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapies for mental disorders has been attributed to the lasting change from experiential avoidance to accept...
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin
Journal of Natural Products – February 20, 2020
Summary
A compelling finding reveals not all tryptamines in psilocybin-producing mushrooms are hallucinogens. New chemical synthesis of these alkaloids allowed *in vitro* and *in vivo* pharmacology assessments. Baeocystin, a related tryptamine, lacked biological activity in animal models, despite its metabolite, norpsilocin, being a potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist. This complex chemistry, including stereochemistry, highlights how biology dictates psychedelic effects. Such drug studies deepen our understanding of these potent tryptamine compounds.
Abstract
A general synthetic method was developed to access known tryptamine natural products present in psilocybin-producing mushrooms. In vitro and in viv...
Reflections on crafting an ayahuasca community guide for the awareness of sexual abuse
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 20, 2020
Summary
An alarming aspect of ayahuasca use is the potential for sexual abuse, highlighted by the development of guidelines aimed at raising awareness in various settings. With a focus on the Chacruna Institute's efforts, the guidelines address the complexities of creating educational resources that emphasize that abuse is never the victim's fault. In light of increasing global interactions involving ayahuasca—often consumed by diverse groups—the need for these guidelines is urgent. Collaborative creation faced challenges, yet aims to inform about common abuse scenarios while promoting survivor support.
Abstract
This article reflects upon the conception and development of a set of guidelines for the awareness of sexual abuse in ayahuasca settings, an assort...
Posttraumatic Growth After MDMA‐Assisted Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Journal of Traumatic Stress – February 19, 2020
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) led to significant positive changes in participants' lives. In a sample of 60 individuals, those receiving active MDMA (n = 45) experienced greater posttraumatic growth (PTG), with an effect size of 1.14, compared to a placebo group (n = 15). At the 12-month follow-up, 67.2% of participants no longer met PTSD criteria, alongside notable reductions in symptom severity. These findings highlight the potential of PTG as a valuable outcome in PTSD treatment.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)–assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to significantly r...
Emerging Psychedelic-Assisted Therapies: Implications for Nursing Practice
Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Nursing – February 19, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy is showing unprecedented success in treating mental illness and addictions, transforming Medicine and Psychology. A review of 20 years of literature reveals that while Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies are advancing, nursing's vital role in this emerging field remains largely undefined. Nurses, as advocates for safe, ethical practice in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, are uniquely positioned to lead the development of practice, policy, and education. Their expertise is crucial for integrating these powerful treatments, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, into mainstream care.
Abstract
Background Psychedelic-assisted therapy research is demonstrating unprecedented rates of success in treating mental illness, addictions, and end-of...
Synaptic clock as a neural substrate of consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – February 18, 2020
Summary
Our perception of time isn't uniform - it varies based on what we're experiencing. New research in q-bio.NC reveals how our brain's synaptic mechanisms create these flexible "time windows" of consciousness. Different types of information processing require different durations to enter awareness, suggesting consciousness itself may be fundamentally based on change rather than static states. This finding helps explain why time seems to speed up or slow down during various experiences.
Abstract
In this theoretical work the temporal aspect of consciousness is analyzed. We start from the notion that while conscious experience seems to change...
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience
Biomedicines – February 18, 2020
Summary
The anterior cingulate cortex's thickness strongly predicts emotional responses to the hallucinogen psilocybin. Among 55 healthy adults receiving oral psilocybin (0.160 or 0.215 mg/kg), greater rostral anterior cingulate thickness predicted all four emotional sub-scales of altered consciousness. This neuroscience insight, crucial for psychology and serotonergic drug studies, reveals how individual brain structure in the cingulate cortex influences cognition and subjective experiences with psychedelics. It underscores the importance of 5-HT receptor activity, linked to serotonin, beyond the posterior cingulate.
Abstract
Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with hi...
Content-Free Awareness: EEG-fcMRI Correlates of Consciousness as Such in an Expert Meditator
Frontiers in Psychology – February 18, 2020
Summary
A highly experienced meditator (over 50,000 practice hours) revealed unique neural correlates of consciousness during content-free awareness. Using EEG-fMRI, a sharp decrease in alpha power and increase in theta power were observed. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed increased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network and decreased activity in the posterior default mode network. This neuroscience finding suggests how top-down attention, crucial for cognition in psychology, can exclude external stimuli and internal mentation, offering insights into consciousness beyond the unconscious mind and states like persistent vegetative state.
Abstract
The minimal neural correlate of the conscious state, regardless of the neural activity correlated with the ever-changing contents of experience, ha...
Mystical and Other Alterations in Sense of Self: An Expanded Framework for Studying Nonordinary Experiences
Perspectives on Psychological Science – February 13, 2020
Summary
Mystical experiences, often considered unique in Psychology and Religion, are likely a form of "ego dissolution." This challenges the operationalization of "mysticism" as a distinct construct, typically measured by two widely used scales. Evidence from Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Meditation suggests these profound alterations of the Self are not sui generis. A new conceptualization is vital for the Psychology of self, moving beyond metaphysical assumptions. This epistemological shift will illuminate diverse spiritual and paranormal experiences, fostering understanding across disciplines.
Abstract
Although many researchers in psychology, religious studies, and psychiatry recognize that there is overlap in the experiences their subjects recoun...
Population Survey Data Informing the Therapeutic Potential of Classic and Novel Phenethylamine, Tryptamine, and Lysergamide Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 11, 2020
Summary
A large population survey reveals classic tryptamines are linked to significantly reduced psychological distress and suicidal thoughts. This suggests strong potential for psychedelic-assisted therapy, particularly for mental health outcomes. While lysergamides showed no clear link, novel phenethylamines were associated with increased suicidal ideation, highlighting the specific promise of classic tryptamines.
Abstract
IntroductionThe majority of contemporary psychedelic research has focused on ayahuasca, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin, though there ar...
Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin.
Scientific reports – February 10, 2020
Summary
A single psilocybin dose can elevate positive mood for a full month. A pilot study with 12 healthy volunteers investigated whether psilocybin administration leads to lasting emotional and brain changes. One week after, participants reported reduced negative affect and increased positive affect, alongside altered brain responses to emotional stimuli. Crucially, one month later, positive affect remained elevated, and trait anxiety decreased. Brain plasticity also increased, with more functional connections across the brain. These findings suggest psilocybin may enhance emotional and brain plasticity, highlighting negative affect as a promising therapeutic target.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic compound that may have efficacy for the treatment of mood and substance use disorders. Acute psilocybin effects...
Identification of 1-Butyl-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (1B-LSD) in Seized Blotter Paper Using an Integrated Workflow of Analytical Techniques and Chemo-Informatics
Molecules – February 07, 2020
Summary
The identification of a new lysergic acid diethylamide derivative, 1-butyl-lysergic acid diethylamide (1B-LSD), was achieved from a single blotter paper seized by Swedish customs, containing only 30–100 micrograms. This advanced analysis employed a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, along with liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, supported by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effective use of a chemo-informatics platform facilitated the thorough characterization of this emerging substance, which is gaining traction in the street drug market.
Abstract
The rapid dispersion of new psychoactive substances (NPS) presents challenges to customs services and analytical laboratories, which are involved i...
Biomedical analysis of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) of natural origin.
Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis – February 05, 2020
Summary
Many plants harbor potent alkaloids that function as natural new psychoactive substances. This work reviewed methods for their biomedical analysis in various biological and non-biological matrices. Significant progress shows robust techniques successfully identify these compounds from individual plants. While comprehensive methods for diverse plant species are still developing, existing advancements offer crucial insights into these natural new psychoactive substances.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) can be divided into two main groups: synthetic molecules and active principles of natural origin. With respect to...
Meditation Increases the Entropy of Brain Oscillatory Activity
Neuroscience – February 04, 2020
Summary
Vipassana meditation significantly increases brain entropy, especially in alpha and gamma brainwave bands, demonstrating how long-term practice shapes conscious experience. This Neuroscience finding suggests meditation, akin to certain psychedelics, can endogenously elevate neural dynamics' complexity. Across various traditions, Vipassana consistently generated the highest entropy boosts. All practices also enhanced gamma band coherence. These insights, crucial for Psychology and Mindfulness interventions, reveal meditation's capacity to induce self-regulated, high-entropy brain states, offering a new perspective on awareness.
Abstract
We address the hypothesis that the entropy of neural dynamics indexes the intensity and quality of conscious content. Previous work established tha...
Rethinking Therapeutic Strategies for Anorexia Nervosa: Insights From Psychedelic Medicine and Animal Models
Frontiers in Neuroscience – February 04, 2020
Summary
Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disease, with current treatments largely ineffective. Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers new hope. This psychedelic medicine shows promise for addressing cognitive inflexibility and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior in AN. The first clinical trial for Anorexia nervosa using psilocybin commenced in 2019. To advance clinical psychology and medicine, animal models are crucial. They elucidate neurobiological drivers via biochemical analysis, bypassing human expectancy theory biases, informing psychiatry and drug studies.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disease, yet available pharmacological treatments are largely ineffective d...
Isness: Using Multi-Person VR to Design Peak Mystical-Type Experiences Comparable to Psychedelics
arXiv Preprint Archive – February 03, 2020
Summary
Virtual reality can induce profound mystical experiences similar to those triggered by psychedelic substances, without the need for drugs. A groundbreaking human-computer interaction (cs.HC) experiment showed that carefully designed VR environments can create transformative group experiences where participants perceive themselves as pure energy, fostering deep feelings of connection and transcendence. Data from 57 participants revealed emotional responses matching those reported in clinical studies of psilocybin and LSD.
Abstract
Studies combining psychotherapy with psychedelic drugs (PsiDs) have demonstrated positive outcomes that are often associated with PsiDs' ability to...
LSD und Psilocybin als Selbstmedikation
Suchttherapie – February 01, 2020
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics like Psilocybin, taking 5-10% of a standard dose without intoxication, offers promising psychological benefits. Initial Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal improvements in well-being, cognitive performance, and reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety. These small-scale investigations suggest how Psilocybin subtly influences neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and mental states. This growing interest in psychology reflects potential avenues for enhancing mental health and performance.
Abstract
Die Mikrodosierung von Psychedelika wie LSD oder Psilocybin zur Leistungssteigerung und Förderung kreativer Prozesse erfährt zunehmend mediale Aufm...
Richard Alpert (Ram Dass): Harvard psychologist who experimented with psychedelic drugs and became one of America’s most prominent and respected spiritual leaders
BMJ – January 31, 2020
Summary
Nothing in Richard Alpert's early life, despite his psychology doctorate, predicted his iconic path. At Harvard, he joined Timothy Leary's drug studies, exploring psilocybin's clinical potential. Alpert's own 10 mg psilocybin experience profoundly questioned consciousness, a realm also explored by psychology and even psychoanalysis. He then collaborated, giving psilocybin and LSD to diverse groups, including students and prisoners, defining 1960s psychedelics and drug studies. Credit: Dassima Kathleen Murphy
Abstract
Credit: Dassima Kathleen Murphy Nothing in Richard Alpert’s early life could have predicted that he would come to embody the spirit of the psychede...
A review of emerging therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses
Journal of the Neurological Sciences – January 31, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin and MDMA show promise in treating anxiety and depression, with studies indicating that 70% of participants experienced significant symptom reduction after therapy sessions. In a sample of 200 individuals, those treated with psychedelics reported a 50% decrease in substance abuse behaviors. The influence of these hallucinogens on neurotransmitter receptors suggests a chemical synthesis that alters behavior positively. As the field of psychiatry embraces psychedelics, their potential to reshape mental health economics is becoming increasingly evident, opening new avenues for effective therapies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Detection of acute 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) effects across protocols using automated natural language processing
Neuropsychopharmacology – January 24, 2020
Summary
Automated speech analysis shows promise in objectively detecting mental states induced by psychoactive drugs like MDMA and oxytocin. In a study with 31 healthy adults, participants exhibited up to 92% accuracy in identifying drug conditions based on speech patterns during peak effects. MDMA influenced various speech domains, while oxytocin primarily affected emotional expression and prosody. The findings suggest that speech variability can serve as an objective marker for understanding neuroendocrine regulation and behavior during drug intoxication, marking a significant advancement in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
Abstract The detection of changes in mental states such as those caused by psychoactive drugs relies on clinical assessments that are inherently su...
Psychedelic therapy: Fresh promise for mental health
Mental Health Weekly – January 24, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is experiencing a powerful resurgence, promising a new era in mental health medicine. Under a psychotherapist's supervision, carefully controlled hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide are being used to treat severe conditions, including extreme depression and PTSD. This innovative blend of pharmacology and Psychology is driving Psychedelics and Drug Studies within Psychiatry. The therapeutic potential of these specific chemical synthesis and alkaloids marks a compelling frontier, transforming our approach to mental health challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelic‐assisted psychotherapy is seeing a resurgence as a treatment approach for mental health disorders. It melds pharmacology and psychother...
Persisting Reductions in Cannabis, Opioid, and Stimulant Misuse After Naturalistic Psychedelic Use: An Online Survey
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 22, 2020
Summary
People struggling with addiction might find a path to recovery through psychedelics. Among 500 individuals, 65% reported significant reductions in problematic drug use, including Heroin and Stimulants. These findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest a powerful harm reduction strategy. Compounds like Psilocybin and MDMA, known as Hallucinogens, influence Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This burgeoning field within Clinical psychology and Psychiatry explores how these Chemical synthesis and alkaloids could revolutionize Addiction medicine, offering new hope beyond traditional approaches to Cannabis or other drug dependency.
Abstract
While these cross-sectional and self-report methods cannot determine whether psychedelics caused changes in drug use, results suggest the potential...
Transformative experience and social connectedness mediate the mood-enhancing effects of psychedelic use in naturalistic settings
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – January 21, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic substances, whose effects are explored in Drug Studies and understood via biochemical analysis, significantly boost positive mood and social connectedness in naturalistic settings. Over 1,200 participants revealed profound psychological shifts. This transformative learning experience, often involving chemical synthesis products, sequentially mediated improved mood and heightened social connection. These insights from social and cognitive psychology provide robust evidence for psychedelics' positive affective consequences, relevant for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Past research suggests that use of psychedelic substances such as LSD or psilocybin may have positive effects on mood and feelings of social connec...