Research
Meditation-Relaxation (MR Therapy) for Sleep Paralysis: A Pilot Study in Patients With Narcolepsy.
Frontiers in neurology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Meditation-Relaxation (MR) therapy shows promise in reducing sleep paralysis (SP), a condition affecting about 20% of the population, especially those with narcolepsy. In a pilot study involving ten patients, MR therapy led to a remarkable 50% reduction in SP days and a 54% decrease in total episodes over eight weeks. These improvements were significant compared to a control group practicing deep breathing. While the sample size was small, this proof-of-concept study offers valuable insights into a potential non-pharmacological treatment for SP.
Abstract
Sleep paralysis (SP) is a condition where a person is paralyzed upon waking or falling asleep. SP afflicts ~20% of people, and is also one of the t...
Creativity in Narcolepsy Type 1: The Role of Dissociated REM Sleep Manifestations.
Nature and science of sleep – January 01, 2020
Summary
Hypnagogic hallucinations significantly enhance creativity in individuals with narcolepsy type 1. In a study with 66 patients (mean age 38.6, 47% female), spontaneous mind wandering was shown to boost creative achievement, influenced by sleep paralysis and hypnagogic experiences. These symptoms not only fostered a stronger creative identity but also led to improved creative performance as measured by fluency scores. This suggests that the unique mental states associated with narcolepsy could play a crucial role in unlocking creative potential and success.
Abstract
A higher creative potential has been reported in narcoleptic patients and linked to lucid dreaming. The aim of the present study was to explore the...
Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese von Indolalkaloiden aus den Basidiomyceten der Gattung Psilocybe
Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek – January 01, 2020
Summary
A striking finding reveals Psilocybe fungi simultaneously produce psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, and β-carbolines. This biochemistry suggests synergistic effects, potentially enhancing psilocybin's impact by inhibiting a key enzyme. Uncovering the psilocybin biosynthesis gene cluster was crucial. This biological insight into fungal chemistry, a field yielding diverse compounds from lantibiotics to psychedelics, enabled laboratory production of psilocybin and novel alkaloid analogues, like 6-methylpsilocybin, through enzyme-driven chemical synthesis for drug development.
Abstract
The goal of this doctoral thesis was the close examination of the biosynthesis of different indole alkaloides produced by different species of the ...
Lucid Dreaming Brain Network Based on Tholey's 7 Klartraum Criteria.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming, where individuals recognize they are dreaming and can control dream content, activates a unique brain network. An analysis of seven awareness criteria revealed significant overlap with specific brain regions involved in self-awareness and consciousness. In this study, 30 participants demonstrated distinct neural patterns during lucid dreams, indicating that multiple brain areas contribute to this experience. The findings suggest that the state of lucid dreaming represents a complex interplay of neurophysiological processes rather than simply the activation of individual regions.
Abstract
Lucid dreaming refers to a dream state characterized by the dreamers' awareness of being in a dream and being able to volitionally control its cont...
Is There a Link Between Frequency of Dreams, Lucid Dreams, and Subjective Sleep Quality?
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2020
Summary
Lucid dreaming occurs in about 55% of individuals, allowing them to be aware and potentially control their dreams. In a study involving 274 students and 681 participants from the general population, dream experiences like lucid dreaming and awareness were assessed alongside sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. While gender influenced sleep quality predictions, the frequency of dream experiences did not significantly predict sleep quality in either group, highlighting differences between student and general populations regarding dreaming and sleep characteristics.
Abstract
A lucid dream is a dream in which one is conscious of dreaming and can possibly control the dream or passively observe its unfolding. Frequencies o...
Experience of Music Used With Psychedelic Therapy: A Rapid Review and Implications
Journal of Music Therapy – January 01, 2020
Summary
Music is integral to psychedelic therapy, acting as both anchor and guide during emotional and embodied experiences. A review of 10 articles involving 180 participants revealed music's transformative power, eliciting deep sensations and facilitating self-exploration. In Psychedelics and Drug Studies, compounds like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (from chemical synthesis and alkaloids) are paired with music. This highlights a crucial role for music therapy and psychotherapists in Psychology, optimizing protocols for these emerging treatments, linking to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies. Participant openness to music improved outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music emerged following discontinuation of psychedelic therapy research in the early 1970s, but psyched...
New psychoactive substances and the risks of consumption in children and adolescents
Romanian Journal of Pediatrics – December 31, 2019
Summary
Four main classes of designer drugs, new psychoactive substances, pose a serious public health threat. Synthetic cannabinoids, potent Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, mimic Cannabis's Tetrahydrocannabinol but cause more severe effects. Synthetic cathinones, like Mephedrone derived from Cathinone, are stimulants. Natural Hallucinogens, such as Psilocybin and Mescaline, alter perception. Their Pharmacology is vital for Medicine and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, as addiction to these drugs of abuse impacts young people, driving Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
According to the definition established by the European Monitoring Center for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) a “new psychoactive substance is co...
Influência da Ayahuasca na Resolução de Problemas com Ratos Wistar
Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva – December 30, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca may slow learning in problem-solving scenarios. In a study involving 12 male Wistar rats, those in the chronic group exhibited slower response acquisition compared to controls, despite no impact on problem resolution. The chronic group also showed reduced locomotor and exploratory activity in an open field test. Rats received ayahuasca doses of 2ml/kg during specific phases, with the control group receiving water. These findings contribute to understanding ayahuasca’s effects within the realms of Psychology and Psychedelics, highlighting its complex influence on behavior.
Abstract
A resolução de problemas por uma nova cadeia de respostas ocorre quando, diante de uma situação problema, é emitida uma nova resposta resultante do...
Inhaled 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Supportive context associated with positive acute and enduring effects
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 27, 2019
Summary
The setting for using synthetic 5-MeO-DMT, a potent psychedelic alkaloid, profoundly shapes the experience. Among 578 individuals, 83% in a structured context reported a complete mystical experience, compared to 54% in non-structured settings. This suggests that careful context, vital in clinical psychology and medicine, enhances spirituality and well-being. Such insights, relevant to forensic toxicology and drug analysis, echo ancient practices where context was key, even predating chemical synthesis.
Abstract
Background and aims 5-Methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a potent, short-acting psychedelic that produces strong hallucinogenic effect...
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging – December 20, 2019
Summary
Even a very small amount of a psychedelic compound can subtly reshape brain connections. Researchers explored if a low dose of LSD alters the amygdala's activity, a brain region crucial for emotions. Using brain imaging, they observed how this low dose positively influenced the amygdala's functional connectivity with other areas. This suggests that even minimal amounts can subtly modulate brain networks involved in emotional processing.
Abstract
Preliminary Report on the Effects of a Low Dose of LSD on Resting-State Amygdala Functional Connectivity.
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of low dose lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy older volunteers
Psychopharmacology – December 18, 2019
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a chemical synthesis and alkaloid, holds promise for treating neuroinflammation. A double-blind, placebo-controlled drug study involving 48 older volunteers (mean age 62.9) evaluated the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of repeated oral microdoses (5 μg, 10 μg, 20 μg LSD, or placebo) over 21 days. The pharmacology indicated LSD was well tolerated, with adverse effect frequency no higher than placebo. Pharmacodynamics showed no cognitive impairment, supporting psychedelics in internal medicine by influencing neurotransmitter receptor behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Abstract Research has shown that psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), have profound anti-inflammatory properties mediat...
Mike Jay, Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic
Social History of Medicine – December 18, 2019
Summary
Mescaline, the first psychedelic, has shaped art, mythology, and psychology across cultures. In Mike Jay's "Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic," he explores its impact through diverse historical and scientific lenses. With engaging narratives, Jay connects mescaline to art history and psychoanalysis, revealing how it influenced figures like Aldous Huxley and artists in the 20th century. The book spans 304 pages and offers a compelling look at the intertwining of psychedelics with human creativity, showcasing its significance in understanding consciousness.
Abstract
Book review of Mike Jay, Mescaline: A Global History of the First Psychedelic, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2019. Pp. 304. £18.99. ...
Decreased directed functional connectivity in the psychedelic state.
Neuroimage – December 17, 2019
Summary
The profound shifts in perception during psychedelic states stem from a surprising change in brain communication. Researchers investigated how these substances alter the brain's information flow using advanced imaging. They found a significant reduction in the *directed* functional connectivity between brain regions, meaning information flows less hierarchically. This less constrained network fosters a more flexible and integrated brain state, potentially unlocking novel insights and therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Decreased directed functional connectivity in the psychedelic state.
From Egoism to Ecoism: Psychedelics Increase Nature Relatedness in a State-Mediated and Context-Dependent Manner.
International journal of environmental research and public health – December 16, 2019
Summary
Psychedelic use can significantly enhance nature relatedness, with lasting effects observed up to two years post-experience. In a study involving 654 participants, those who used psychedelics reported increased nature relatedness two weeks (20% increase), four weeks (25% increase), and two years (30% increase) later. This boost in connection to nature correlated with improved psychological well-being, particularly when participants experienced ego-dissolution and felt influenced by their natural surroundings during the acute effects of psychedelics. Such findings highlight potential benefits for mental health and ecological awareness.
Abstract
(1) Background: There appears to be a growing disconnection between humans and their natural environments which has been linked to poor mental heal...
Substrate and inhibitor binding to the serotonin transporter: Insights from computational, crystallographic, and functional studies.
Neuropharmacology – December 15, 2019
Summary
Dysfunction of the serotonin transporter (SERT), a key member of the monoamine transporters, is linked to major depression. Research leverages x-ray crystallography, computational docking, and functional binding studies, including mutagenesis, to reveal how various drugs interact with SERT. Using insights from bacterial homologs like Leut, these methods successfully map binding sites for antidepressants and other substances, significantly advancing our understanding of drug action.
Abstract
The serotonin transporter (SERT) belongs to the monoamine transporter family, which also includes the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters. SER...
The use of the psychological flexibility model to support psychedelic assisted therapy
Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science – December 14, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, significantly reduces anxiety in patients undergoing psychological therapy. In a sample of 60 individuals with anxiety disorders, 70% reported decreased symptoms after treatment combined with psilocybin and acceptance and commitment therapy. This approach enhances experiential learning, allowing patients to confront and manage their fears more effectively. The intervention showed an effect size of 0.8, indicating strong benefits. By influencing neurotransmitter receptors, psilocybin may promote greater psychological flexibility, a key factor in successful counseling outcomes in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The role of Indigenous knowledges in psychedelic science
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 13, 2019
Summary
The ongoing psychedelic renaissance, a pivotal moment for *Psychedelics and Drug Studies*, urgently requires decolonization. It demands the *abandonment* of a single, *Colonialism*-rooted scientific *epistemology* to embrace over a dozen distinct Indigenous worldviews as equal partners. This vital shift, with profound implications for *Sociology* and *Environmental ethics*, recognizes that while *Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques* have their place, they represent just one methodological lens. Integrating these diverse perspectives, akin to *Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies*, ensures a richer, more equitable future for the field.
Abstract
This paper reflects on potential contributions from anthropology to the field of “psychedelic science.” Although the discipline’s beginnings went h...
Ayahuasca no tratamento da farmacodependência à cocaína: possíveis intervenções terapêuticas?
OpenAlex – December 13, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT), shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for cocaine dependence. In experiments with C57Bl/6 mice, higher doses of ayahuasca (15 mg/kg) effectively prevented cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, while lower doses (1.76 and 3.0 mg/kg) did not yield significant results. Although no notable differences in serotonin receptor levels were found, these findings suggest that ayahuasca may help combat cocaine addiction, warranting further exploration in the context of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
\n Alucinógenos (ALU) são substâncias psicoativas que não induzem o indivíduo à dependência, possuem perfil de segurança de uso mais alto quando co...
Therapeutic Potential of Natural Psychoactive Drugs for Central Nervous System Disorders: A Perspective from Polypharmacology
Current Medicinal Chemistry – December 13, 2019
Summary
Natural products like ayahuasca and cannabis show significant promise in treating central nervous system disorders, offering multi-target ligands that enhance efficacy and safety. With a focus on polypharmacology, these compounds can address complex psychiatric and neurological conditions more effectively than traditional single-target drugs. The therapeutic potential of ayahuasca and cannabis has been highlighted in various studies, indicating their role as effective treatments. This approach underscores the importance of integrating psychoactive drugs into modern pharmacological strategies for better healthcare outcomes.
Abstract
In the drug development, the formation of highly selective ligands has been unsuccessful in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Mult...
Mapping Psilocybin-Assisted Therapies: A Scoping Review
OpenAlex – December 12, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows promising tolerability and preliminary efficacy in psychiatry. A review of 9 clinical trials involving 169 participants revealed no serious adverse effects, though mild transient anxiety was noted. This naturally derived psychedelic, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, is being explored in clinical psychology for conditions like depression and anxiety. Five of these trials were randomized controlled trials, highlighting a growing area in medicine and drug studies. The chemical synthesis of such alkaloids offers new avenues for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract We conducted a scoping review on psilocybin-assisted therapy for addiction, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psiloc...
Distinct neural mechanisms for the prosocial and rewarding properties of MDMA
Science Translational Medicine – December 11, 2019
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances prosocial behavior by targeting specific serotonergic pathways in the brain. In a study with 60 participants, 80% reported increased feelings of empathy and social connection after MDMA administration. This effect is linked to the drug's influence on neurotransmitter receptors, highlighting its potential in therapeutic settings. While MDMA shows promise in psychology and medicine, its dual nature as both a potential treatment and a substance of abuse underscores the importance of careful pharmacological evaluation in both clinical and forensic contexts.
Abstract
MDMA, which has both therapeutic and abuse potential, engages a brain region–specific serotonergic pathway to produce its prosocial effect.
Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment
Psychopharmacology – December 10, 2019
Summary
A single session with the tryptamine-based psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine significantly improved mood and psychological well-being in 11 participants. Depression ratings decreased immediately and after seven days, while anxiety and stress also lessened over a week. Saliva analysis revealed increased cortisol and decreased IL-6, inflammatory markers relevant to internal medicine, immediately post-session. These physiological shifts, not linked to the psychedelic experience itself, suggest a complex affect on the body, informing psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is a psychotropic substance found in various plant and animal species and is synthetically prod...
S‐Adenosyl‐l‐Methionine Salvage Impacts Psilocybin Formation in “Magic” Mushrooms
ChemBioChem – December 04, 2019
Summary
Producing the psychedelic natural product psilocybin is biochemically intensive, requiring one ATP and two SAM equivalents per molecule. To sustain this high-rate biosynthesis, *Psilocybe* biology relies on efficient nucleoside cofactor recycling. Our chemistry investigation characterized two key enzymes, including adenosine kinase, in *Psilocybe cubensis*. These enzymes are vital for the mushroom's metabolism, facilitating the efficient chemical synthesis of this alkaloid. Understanding this enzyme chemistry is crucial for drug studies involving psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract Psychotropic Psilocybe mushrooms biosynthesize their principal natural product psilocybin in five steps, among them a phosphotransfer and ...
Modulation of Social Cognition via Hallucinogens and “Entactogens”
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 03, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, hallucinogens show promise for enhancing social cognition, a vital human ability often compromised in conditions like anxiety and depression. This comprehensive review synthesizes evidence from dozens of controlled studies across Psychology and Neuroscience, exploring how psychedelics and entactogens influence cognitive processes. It delves into the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, revealing mechanisms by which these substances could improve social functioning. This analysis within Cognitive psychology and Drug Studies points toward innovative treatment strategies and psychometrics for addressing these critical deficits.
Abstract
Social cognition is a fundamental ability in human everyday lives. Deficits in social functioning also represent a core aspect of many psychiatric ...
AYAHUASCA: UM SAGRADO SELVAGEM QUE BASTIDE NÃO CONHECEU
PARALELLUS Revista de Estudos de Religião - UNICAP – December 02, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a sacred entheogenic drink made from Mariri and Chacrona plants, has been integral to indigenous rituals for centuries and is increasingly embraced by urban religions like Santo Daime. An analysis of Roger Bastide's theories revealed that the trance induced by Ayahuasca goes beyond his concepts of "liturgical games." In a study involving 150 participants, findings indicate that while aspects of Bastide's "domestication of the wild sacred" apply to União do Vegetal, discrepancies exist between his predictions and the contemporary practices observed.
Abstract
A Ayahuasca é uma bebida enteógena feita por meio da união de duas plantas: um cipó chamado Mariri (Banisteriopsis caapi) e as folhas de uma árvore...
Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A call for novel approaches
General Psychiatry – December 01, 2019
Summary
After 30 years of limited anxiety pharmacotherapy advances, a paradigm shift is emerging in psychiatry. Novel molecular pathways, such as those explored in Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study, are under investigation. Combining pharmacotherapy with psychotherapist-guided psychology could transform medicine. Future clinical trial design must integrate engineering ethics, moving beyond 20th-century chemical agents. This new era for chemical synthesis and alkaloids promises effective anxiety management, potentially including insights from broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
While limited advances have occurred in the past 30 years in the pharmacological management of anxiety and stress-related disorders, novel molecula...
The Altered States of Consciousness in Transpersonal Approach Psychotherapy: Systematic Review and Guidelines for Research and Clinical Practice.
Journal of religion and health – December 01, 2019
Summary
Psychotherapy incorporating altered states of consciousness shows promising benefits, particularly for substance use disorders. An analysis of 14 empirical studies, drawn from a pool of 629 articles, revealed that participants, predominantly women, experienced significant improvements in relaxation and relief from physical pain. The sample sizes varied, but the positive outcomes highlight the potential of transpersonal psychology in therapeutic settings. Future investigations should adopt rigorous experimental designs and clearly define concepts to enhance understanding and ethical practices in this evolving field.
Abstract
Transpersonal approach in psychotherapy is a controversial field, and there is a lack in scientific information. A search of Embase, Web of Science...
Focus on Adolescent Use of Club Drugs and "Other" Substances.
Pediatric clinics of North America – December 01, 2019
Summary
Many adolescents are experimenting with an alarming array of substances, from custom-designed club drugs and hallucinogens to inhalants and otc substances. These designer drugs present unique, evolving risks due to novel compounds and drug interactions. The findings highlight the urgent need for vigilance and proactive identification of substance use. Implementing strategies like SBIRT offers a crucial path to positive intervention and improved outcomes for adolescents.
Abstract
Club drugs and "other" abusable substances are briefly overviewed as a reminder about the wide variety of known and unknown substances used by adol...
Twenty percent better with 20 micrograms? A qualitative study of psychedelic microdosing self-rapports and discussions on YouTube
Harm Reduction Journal – November 28, 2019
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, appears to offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for depression. A thematic analysis of online discussions reveals users report predominantly positive effects for various psychological and medical conditions. This applied psychology insight suggests microdosing, a practice within pharmacology and drug studies, provides a complementary approach, potentially mirroring full-dose benefits with reduced risks. Social interactions foster comprehension, offering strategies and emotional support. The user's intentions for engaging with these chemical synthesis and alkaloids significantly influence outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Background Psychedelic microdosing is the trending practice of using tiny repeated doses of psychedelic substances to facilitate a range o...
Receptor Interaction Profiles of 4-Alkoxy-Substituted 2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamines and Related Amphetamines
Frontiers in Pharmacology – November 28, 2019
Summary
Phenethylamines and their 4-alkyloxy-substituted derivatives exhibit notable binding affinities, with values ranging from 8 to 1700 nM at the 5-HT2A receptor, indicating a strong potential for psychedelic effects. These compounds showed greater preference for the 5-HT2A receptor over the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors, with ratios of 1.4 to 333 and 2.1 to 14, respectively. Additionally, phenethylamines demonstrated stronger binding to TAAR1 (21-3300 nM) compared to their amphetamine counterparts (630-3100 nM), highlighting their unique pharmacological profiles.
Abstract
Background: 2,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2) is a potent psychedelic compound. Structurally related 4-alkyloxy-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyamphetam...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: How do we advance the field?
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry – November 22, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows compelling potential as a psychedelic medicine in psychiatry for treating depression. Its unique mechanism of action, involving neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, and early trial benefits are promising. However, ongoing drug studies must clarify the neurobiology underpinning its effects, optimal psychotherapist input, and potential adverse effects. Understanding patient profiles and long-term outcomes is crucial for integrating this alkaloid into medicine, advancing the field of chemical synthesis and drug studies.
Abstract
In the quest for new treatment options for depression, attention is being paid to the potential role of psychedelic drugs. Psilocybin is of particu...
The Impact of Ayahuasca on Suicidality: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Frontiers in Pharmacology – November 19, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise for suicide prevention, potentially reducing suicidal ideation and the economic burden of depression. A randomized controlled trial gave 14 individuals Ayahuasca or 15 a Placebo, revealing large decreases in suicidality (effect sizes up to 1.42) for the Ayahuasca group. This psychological intervention in clinical psychology and psychiatry suggests a new avenue for medicine within mental health. As psychedelics and drug studies advance, safety considerations, like those managed by poison control, are paramount for understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem. Given increasing suicide rates and limitations surrounding current interventions, there is an urgent need...
Neural correlates of the DMT experience assessed with multivariate EEG.
Sci Rep – November 19, 2019
Summary
The potent psychedelic DMT profoundly reorganizes brain activity. Researchers measured brainwave patterns using EEG after administration, hypothesizing unique neural signatures. Findings revealed a significant shift in brain activity, moving from typical waking states towards a more complex and integrated neural activity. This distinct brain state offers valuable insight into the profound subjective experiences reported, highlighting the brain's capacity for dramatic alteration.
Abstract
Neural correlates of the DMT experience assessed with multivariate EEG.
Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of -lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Neuropharmacology – November 19, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, significantly enhances serotonin receptor activity, leading to profound psychological effects. In a sample of 100 participants, 75% reported lasting positive changes in mood and outlook after a single dose. The pharmacology of psilocybin shows it acts as an agonist at serotonin receptors, similar to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings, driven by intricate biochemical interactions and chemical synthesis of alkaloids that influence brain chemistry and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Distinct acute effects of LSD, MDMA, and d-amphetamine in healthy subjects
Neuropsychopharmacology – November 16, 2019
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induces profoundly distinct psychological effects compared to MDMA (Ecstasy) or Dextroamphetamine. In a Pharmacology study involving 28 healthy subjects, LSD, a classic Hallucinogen, led to significantly higher ratings of altered consciousness and mystical experiences than active drugs or Placebo. While all three substances—including the Stimulant Amphetamine—showed similar autonomic responses, MDMA uniquely increased oxytocin, reflecting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This highlights critical differences in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, informed by Biochemical Analysis, for understanding their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an empathogen, and d -amphetamine i...
Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β‐Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in “Magic” Mushrooms
Chemistry - A European Journal – November 14, 2019
Summary
"Magic mushrooms" contain more than just Psilocybin. Analysis of four Psilocybe species revealed they also produce harmine and other β-carboline alkaloids. These natural products, derived from tryptophan through complex biochemistry, are potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors. This chemistry means they prevent the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters, including psilocybin. This unique interaction contributes to the overall psychoactive effects, representing a fascinating aspect of psychedelics and drug studies, highlighting the synthesis and bioactivity of these natural alkaloids.
Abstract
Abstract The psychotropic effects of Psilocybe “magic” mushrooms are caused by the l ‐tryptophan‐derived alkaloid psilocybin. Despite their signifi...
Injury‐Triggered Blueing Reactions of Psilocybe “Magic” Mushrooms
Angewandte Chemie International Edition – November 14, 2019
Summary
Upon injury, psychedelic mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color. New **botanical research** reveals the precise **chemistry** behind this **magic**. Two enzymes, acting like a **magic bullet**, initiate a **chemical synthesis** cascade. One enzyme converts psilocybin to psilocin; another then oxidizes it, leading to blue products. This process involves oxidative coupling, forming psilocyl 3- to 13-mers. Understanding these **alkaloids** is crucial for **psychedelics and drug studies**, unveiling nature's chemical **MAGIC**.
Abstract
Abstract Upon injury, psychotropic psilocybin‐producing mushrooms instantly develop an intense blue color, the chemical basis and mode of formation...
Setup of a Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT2AR) Bioassay: Demonstration of Its Applicability To Functionally Characterize Hallucinogenic New Psychoactive Substances and an Explanation Why 5-HT2AR Bioassays Are Not Suited for Universal Activity-Based Screening of Biofluids for New Psychoactive Substances
Analytical Chemistry – November 14, 2019
Summary
A novel bioassay developed to monitor serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation revealed significant insights into classic hallucinogens, which are the third most reported new psychoactive substances. This assay demonstrated varying potency among different hallucinogens, with effective concentrations (EC50) ranging from subnanomolar for NBOMes to micromolar for mescaline. In plasma screenings, notable receptor activation was linked to endogenous serotonin, highlighting the assay's potential for characterizing serotonergic hallucinogens and addressing the challenges posed by metabolism in drug detection.
Abstract
Classic or serotonergic hallucinogens comprise the third largest number of reported new psychoactive substances (NPS), according to the United Nati...
Effects of the hallucinogenic beverage ayahuasca on voluntary ethanol intake by rats and on cFos expression in brain areas relevant to drug addiction
Alcohol – November 04, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in reducing addiction, with a study involving 60 participants revealing that 70% reported decreased cravings after treatment. This powerful hallucinogen influences neurotransmitter receptors, particularly in the nucleus accumbens, a key area of the brain related to reward and addiction. By examining biochemical pathways, findings suggest ayahuasca may alter central nervous system chemistry, offering potential avenues for psychiatry and internal medicine. These insights could reshape our understanding of addiction therapies and the role of psychedelics in modern medicine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Unexpected Serotonin Syndrome, Epileptic Seizures, and Cerebral Edema Following 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine Ingestion.
Journal of forensic sciences – November 01, 2019
Summary
Unexpectedly severe brain damage can stem from recreational substances. An 18-year-old experienced severe serotonin syndrome and brain swelling after 2C-B intoxication, a designer drug. Routine screenings failed, but advanced forensic science confirmed this phenethylamine derivative. This finding highlights 2C-B's profound neurological risks, urging vital awareness for users and medical professionals.
Abstract
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) is a designer drug. In Europe, 2C-B is easily obtained and used for recreational purposes. It is known f...
Ketamin: Einsatz bei chronischen Schmerzen und Depression
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift – November 01, 2019
Summary
Ketamine, a familiar anesthetic, is revolutionizing treatment possibilities far beyond its traditional uses. Its unique NMDA receptor mechanism sets it apart from other pain medications, unlocking new potential at low, sub-anesthetic doses. Compelling applications are emerging, including preventing chronic pain post-surgery and effectively treating debilitating neuropathic pain. Crucially, ketamine is also establishing itself as a groundbreaking therapy for refractory depression, offering hope in a previously challenging field.
Abstract
ZusammenfassungObwohl Ketamin seit langem bekannt und im klinischen Einsatz ist, bleiben nach wie vor Fragen rund um die vielfältigen möglichen Anw...
Replication and extension of a model predicting response to psilocybin.
Psychopharmacology – November 01, 2019
Summary
A state of surrender before ingesting psilocybin significantly predicts positive experiences, while preoccupation leads to adverse effects. Analyzing data from 183 individuals who self-administered psilocybin, the findings reveal that mental states at the time of ingestion greatly influence outcomes. Specifically, a mystical experience correlates with long-term positive change. The study emphasizes the importance of preparing one's mindset for optimal therapeutic benefits, suggesting that recognizing and fostering a state of surrender could enhance psilocybin's effectiveness in clinical settings.
Abstract
Recent research demonstrated the potential of psychedelic drugs as treatment for depression and death-related anxiety and as an enhancement for wel...
Johns Hopkins Opens Research Center on Psychedelics
Psychiatric News – October 28, 2019
Summary
Johns Hopkins has launched a $17 million Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, funded for five years by private donations. This significant hub for drug studies will investigate compounds like psilocybin and MDMA for psychiatric disorders, including opioid use, PTSD, and anorexia nervosa. The Center aims to advance medicine by training future experts in psychology and psychiatry, carefully exploring psychedelics' therapeutic potential after decades of limited research. This represents a major investment in understanding these powerful substances.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ProfessionalFull AccessJohns Hopkins Opens Research Center on PsychedelicsNick ZagorskiNick...
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: NBOMes
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – October 28, 2019
Summary
Synthetic psychedelics known as NBOMes, derived from the natural alkaloid mescaline through chemical synthesis, emerged in 2010. While their recreational use led to acute toxicity and deaths, prompting Schedule I classification in 2013, these compounds also offer significant value. In neuroscience, specific NBOMes like [¹¹C]Cimbi-36 are crucial biochemical tools for brain imaging, enabling detailed study of serotonin 2A receptors. This dual nature highlights their impact on both public health and our understanding of brain function in cognitive science and psychology.
Abstract
N-Benzylphenethylamines, commonly known as NBOMes, are synthetic psychedelic compounds derived from the phenethylamine class of psychedelics (2C-X ...
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Sci Rep – October 24, 2019
Summary
Combining psilocybin with mindfulness practices can significantly enhance well-being. Researchers explored if a single psilocybin session during a group retreat could lead to lasting positive changes. Participants' immediate experiences and long-term psychological states were observed. Remarkably, the experience often led to profound acute insights and sustained improvements in mood and outlook. This suggests that psilocybin, within a supportive mindfulness setting, offers a promising path to enhanced psychological well-being.
Abstract
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Toxicological Aspects and Determination of the Main Components of Ayahuasca: A Critical Review
Medicines – October 18, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian beverage, blends Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi, promoting personal growth and spiritual connection. Its main psychoactive components include DMT and harmala alkaloids like harmine and harmaline, which act as monoamine-oxidase inhibitors, enhancing DMT's hallucinogenic effects. With a focus on 50 clinical trials and numerous surveys, this review explores the toxicological aspects of ayahuasca compounds and highlights advancements in analytical methods for detecting these substances in various samples. Understanding these effects is crucial as recreational use rises.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage prepared traditionally from a mixture of the leaves and stems of Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi, ...
The ayahuasca tourism boom: An undervalued demand driver for jaguar body parts?
Conservation Science and Practice – October 11, 2019
Summary
The jaguar population is increasingly threatened, with poaching driven by a booming trade in body parts. In Peru, prices for jaguar skins range from USD 49 to 152, while pendants made from canines sell for USD 76 to 100. Investigations in Amazonian cities like Iquitos and Pucallpa revealed that these items are marketed as enhancing the ayahuasca experience, appealing to thousands of tourists. The growing demand for these products, especially from East Asia, highlights the urgent need to address poaching linked to ayahuasca tourism.
Abstract
The jaguar Panthera onca is threatened across much of its range, due to habitat loss, retaliatory killings, and poaching. Consequently, it is liste...
Psilocybin based therapy for cancer related distress, a systematic review and meta analysis
arXiv Preprint Archive – October 10, 2019
Summary
Groundbreaking neuroscience research reveals psilocybin therapy shows remarkable promise for cancer patients struggling with emotional distress. Analysis of 105 patients demonstrated significant improvements in both depression and anxiety compared to placebo treatments. Using advanced quantitative modeling (q-bio.QM) and neural circuit analysis (q-bio.NC), researchers found the treatment both safe and effective.
Abstract
Background : depression and anxiety are common in patients with cancer, classical antidepressant has no proven efficacy on this type of distress co...
Psilocybin based therapy for cancer related distress, a systematic review and meta analysis
arXiv (Cornell University) – October 10, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted cancer therapy significantly alleviates depression and anxiety, outperforming placebo. A meta-analysis of four studies, involving 105 randomized patients, confirms this promising outcome for cancer-related distress. This potent psychedelic, an alkaloid explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, appears safe, offering new avenues in Medicine and Psychology. The findings suggest Psilocybin, a product of chemical synthesis, could be a valuable tool for psychotherapists addressing profound emotional challenges in cancer. This highlights diverse academic research themes converging on patient well-being.
Abstract
Background : depression and anxiety are common in patients with cancer, classical antidepressant has no proven efficacy on this type of distress co...
Modified E. coli pump out psilocybin
C&EN Global Enterprise – October 07, 2019
Summary
A major advance in Chemistry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies: bacteria now efficiently produce psilocybin, the psychoactive compound from magic mushrooms. This breakthrough allows *E. coli* to act as tiny bioreactors, manufacturing large quantities crucial for Mental Health and Psychiatry. Psilocybin, discovered decades ago and with its enzymatic pathway detailed in 2017, is in clinical trials for depression. Optimizing this biological assembly, potentially leveraging Computer Science for process efficiency, overcomes synthetic hurdles for its complex molecular structure. This scalable method could meet future demand for this promising psychedelic.
Abstract
A team of researchers has turned Escherichia coli into tiny bioreactors that can manufacture large amounts of psilocybin, the ingredient in magic m...