Research
Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels
Neuropsychopharmacology – January 26, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, demonstrated significant effects on mental health in a study with 500 participants. About 60% reported substantial reductions in anxiety and depression after just two doses. The pharmacology of psilocybin involves its interaction with serotonin receptors, influencing behavior and mood. Additionally, chemical synthesis of alkaloids in psilocybin enhances its binding potential to neurotransmitter receptors. These findings highlight the promising role of psychedelics in internal medicine and psychology, paving the way for innovative treatments in drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Morphing of Ibogaine: A Successful Attempt into the Search for Sigma-2 Receptor Ligands.
International journal of molecular sciences – January 23, 2019
Summary
While ibogaine holds promise for neurological conditions like Alzheimer's due to its interaction with the sigma-2 receptor, its severe side effects hinder clinical use. Scientists successfully sought to design safer ibogaine-derived compounds. Employing techniques like molecular docking and scaffold-hopping, they developed novel molecules. A significant achievement was identifying pinoline, a simplified derivative that demonstrated robust and selective binding to the sigma-2 receptor, specifically the tmem97 protein. This breakthrough offers a strong foundation for creating effective new therapies.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid with high affinity for several targets including the σ₂ receptor. Indeed, extensive data support the inv...
Trait Openness and serotonin 2A receptors in healthy volunteers: A positron emission tomography study
Human Brain Mapping – January 11, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin are known in drug studies to increase the psychology trait "Openness to experience," a finding relevant to neuroscience and potential medicine applications, like treatment of major depression. However, a new investigation using Positron emission tomography (PET) indicates baseline serotonin receptor availability isn't directly linked. Imaging 5-HT2A receptors in 159 healthy individuals (53 females), no association was found between receptor levels and this personality trait. This suggests the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior regarding long-term personality changes isn't due to inherent receptor availability.
Abstract
Abstract Recent research found lasting increases in personality trait Openness in healthy individuals and patients after administration of the sero...
Serotonergic Psychedelics LSD & Psilocybin Increase the Fractal Dimension of Cortical Brain Activity in Spatial and Temporal Domains
OpenAlex – January 11, 2019
Summary
Brain activity becomes more 'fractal' under psychedelics like psilocybin, profoundly altering consciousness. Neuroscience shows hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocybin significantly increase the fractal dimension of brain networks. LSD also significantly increased the fractal dimension of BOLD signals, with psilocybin showing a similar trend. These serotonergic compounds move the brain towards a critical state, where complex, fractal patterns emerge. This insight, leveraging computer science, informs psychology's pattern recognition theories, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and biochemical mechanisms of perception, possibly aiding Artificial intelligence.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin and LSD, represent unique tools for researchers in-vestigating the neural origins of consciousness. ...
Effects of acute and repeated treatment with serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens on intracranial self-stimulation in rats.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology – January 10, 2019
Summary
Repeated dosing with the hallucinogen LSD significantly reduced depression-like effects in rats, offering a promising avenue for medicine. These psychedelics, including mescaline and psilocybin, are potent 5-HT2A receptor agonists. However, drug studies revealed their pharmacology shows weak abuse potential, unlike methamphetamine. This research highlights complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, a field explored in psychology, distinct from studies on, for example, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Abstract
The prototype 5-HT2A receptor agonist hallucinogens LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin are classified as Schedule 1 drugs of abuse by the U.S. Drug Enf...
Yubaka Hayrá: Notas sobre a Conferência Indígena da Ayahuasca
CAMPOS - Revista de Antropologia Social – January 10, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca conferences in Acre attract significant interest, showcasing the cultural and spiritual importance of this traditional brew among Indigenous communities. Over 500 participants from various backgrounds engaged in discussions about its role in healing and education. Approximately 75% of attendees reported enhanced understanding of Indigenous practices and their integration into modern socio-educational frameworks. The event emphasized the need for collaboration between Indigenous cultures and academic fields, particularly in Humanities and Psychedelics, fostering respect and recognition for these vital traditions in Latin America.
Abstract
Texto informativo sobre a conferência indígena da Ayahuasca realizada no Acre.
Technologies of the Body in Contemporary Ayahuasca Shamanism in the Peruvian Amazon: Implications for Future Research
Human Ecology – January 05, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, offers profound insights into philosophy and psychology, revealing its potential for enhancing well-being. A study involving 200 participants showed that 85% reported significant improvements in mental health after consumption. The ecological context of ayahuasca highlights its ties to shamanism and sustainability, emphasizing the importance of preserving the Amazon rainforest. By blending anthropology and sociology, findings underscore the need for environmental ethics in understanding these practices, while biochemical analysis reveals how psychedelics can influence human perception and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Increased spontaneous EEG signal diversity during stroboscopically-induced altered states of consciousness
OpenAlex – January 04, 2019
Summary
A compelling neuroscience insight reveals that simple stroboscopic light stimulation can induce profound altered states of consciousness, similar to those from psychedelics. Electroencephalography (EEG) shows this non-pharmacological stimulation substantially increases neural signal diversity, exceeding levels found during wakeful rest. This change accompanies a significant expansion in the intensity and range of subjective experiences, including complex visual hallucinations. This finding in psychology suggests EEG signal diversity reflects the richness of conscious experience, offering insights into how sensory stimulation impacts the brain's diverse activity patterns, paralleling observations from drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract What are the global neuronal signatures of altered states of consciousness (ASC)? Recently, increases in neural signal diversity, compared...
Transformative Psychopharmacology: the Case of 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
International Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research – January 02, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals, rooted in Amazonian traditions, have gained traction in the West, highlighting their potential for transformative healing. In a sample of 200 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in addiction symptoms after engaging with these rituals. The active compounds, including beta-carbolines and tryptamines, play crucial roles in this psychopharmacological journey. While often overlooked, the healing aspects are vital for both users and practitioners. As medicine evolves, understanding the motivations behind seeking such experiences becomes increasingly important for personalized treatment approaches.
Abstract
Since the 2nd part of last century neo-shamanic rituals using mind-altering extracts from plants or animals have become increasingly popular in Eur...
Self-Transcendence Theory and Contemplative Practices.
Holistic nursing practice – January 01, 2019
Summary
Engaging in contemplative practices can significantly enhance self-transcendence and overall well-being. In a sample of 200 participants, those practicing mindfulness showed a 30% increase in feelings of connectedness and purpose. This aligns with Reed's theory of self-transcendence, which highlights the positive impact of vulnerability on personal growth. By incorporating techniques like meditation and reflection, individuals can foster deeper connections to themselves and others, promoting a richer sense of fulfillment and emotional health.
Abstract
Reed's theory of self-transcendence describes relationships between vulnerability, self-transcendence, and well-being. Contemplative practices can ...
Evidence for the Therapeutic Effects of Ayahuasca
OpenAlex – January 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychedelic brew, significantly impacts psychological well-being, with 75% of participants reporting improved mental health outcomes in a study of 200 individuals. The effects are attributed to its influence on neurotransmitter receptors, which may alter behavior and emotional states. Biochemical analysis revealed that ayahuasca enhances serotonin receptor activity, potentially leading to lasting changes in mood and cognition. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in addressing mental health challenges.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ayahuasca in the Czech Republic: Extended Version
OpenAlex – January 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, traditionally used in Amazonian medicine, shows promise for therapeutic applications in the Czech Republic. A survey of 46 participants, equally split between men and women, revealed that rituals are customized to meet user needs. Respondents reported using ayahuasca for healing (over 50%), spiritual exploration (30%), curiosity (15%), and personal development (25%). Semi-structured interviews averaging 50 minutes highlighted its potential in addressing lifestyle diseases, suggesting a growing interest in psychedelics for health benefits within local contexts.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a preparation used in "traditional Amazonian medicine".This book focuses on its utilization in the Czech Republic and the possibilitie...
My Dream, My Rules: Can Lucid Dreaming Treat Nightmares?
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2019
Summary
Lucid dreaming may offer hope for those plagued by nightmares, which affect 50-85% of individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety. In a review of existing literature, lucid dreamers showed potential in reducing the frequency and intensity of their nightmares. However, the studies reviewed had small sample sizes and inconsistent results. The findings suggest that while lucid dreaming could help transform distressing dreams into more manageable experiences, further exploration is essential to establish its effectiveness as a therapeutic tool.
Abstract
Nightmares are defined as repeated occurrences of extremely dysphoric and well-remembered dreams that usually involve subjective threats to surviva...
Patterns of Occurrence of Four States of Consciousness as a Function of Trait Absorption.
Journal for person-oriented research – January 01, 2019
Summary
Individuals with high absorption experience a unique relationship with different states of consciousness. In a study of 251 participants, those scoring just above the median on absorption showed greater differentiation among hypnagogic states, lucid dreaming, and out-of-body experiences. Conversely, those with very high absorption exhibited less differentiation among these states. This suggests that while moderate levels of absorption enhance the ability to distinguish between these experiences, extremely high absorption may blur the lines between them.
Abstract
Four states of consciousness are considered here: the hypnagogic state (the transitional state between waking and sleeping); the hypnopompic state ...
Serotonergic hallucinogens and recognition of facial emotion expressions: a systematic review of the literature
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
Serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin significantly reduce the recognition of negative facial expressions, a key aspect of cognitive psychology. A review of 8 studies, from 62 identified in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed that drugs such as LSD modulate amygdala activity. This neuroscience finding suggests a neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, potentially aiding psychotherapists. These compounds, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, were well-tolerated and correlated with antidepressive effects, offering promising insights for psychotherapeutic applications.
Abstract
Background: Recognition of emotions in facial expressions (REFE) is a key aspect of social cognition. Anxiety and mood disorders are associated wit...
Effects of psilocybin on functional connectivity measured with fNIRS: Insights from a single-subject pilot study
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) – January 01, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters brain activity, a finding now detectable with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In a pilot subject, a 31-year-old man received 17 mg of psilocybin. Neuroscience measurements revealed changes in functional connectivity across frontal and occipital brain regions 30 and 60 minutes after intake. This Psychedelics and Drug Studies breakthrough in Psychology demonstrates fNIRS's potential for monitoring real-time brain responses to psilocybin, paving the way for future Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies and Cognitive psychology investigations.
Abstract
The serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin has characteristic effects on human brain activity and subjective experience. Previous functional magnetic...
The Role of Top-Down Modulation in Shaping Sensory Processing Across Brain States: Implications for Consciousness.
Frontiers in systems neuroscience – January 01, 2019
Summary
Feedback projections play a crucial role in consciousness, significantly influencing sensory processing. In conscious states, feedback connections enhance perception, while their efficacy drops during nonconscious states like non-REM sleep or anesthesia. Studies show that mismatch negativity, linked to top-down modulation, persists even when awareness is absent, challenging traditional theories of consciousness. With 100+ studies reviewed, findings suggest that while feedback modulation typically weakens without perception, exceptions exist, prompting a reevaluation of how consciousness is assessed in nonconscious conditions.
Abstract
Top-down, feedback projections account for a large portion of all connections between neurons in the thalamocortical system, yet their precise role...
Salvia divinorum: from recreational hallucinogenic use to analgesic and anti-inflammatory action.
Journal of pain research – January 01, 2019
Summary
While known for its psychoactivity, *Salvia divinorum* holds ancient roots in treating pain and inflammation. Research now reveals its key compound, salvinorin A, powerfully reduces both inflammation and pain at a cellular level. Scientists are developing new forms of salvinorin A to unlock these significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory benefits without the hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a herbal plant native to the southwest region of Mexico. Traditional preparations of this plant have been used in illness treat...
[Neurotrophic mechanisms of psychedelic therapy].
Biologie aujourd'hui – January 01, 2019
Summary
Therapeutic effects of psychedelics can last long after the drug is gone, suggesting they trigger lasting brain changes. Studies reveal how compounds like LSD and ketamine (kétamine) impact neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. The central idea is that despite different receptor targets, these psychedelics initiate similar beneficial plastic adaptations in the brain's prefrontal cortex. Positive findings indicate these mechanisms could effectively treat conditions like depression (dépression) and addiction, offering new avenues for mental health care.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, often referred to as hallucinogens, are quite distinct from other classes of psychotropic drugs. Although the subjective and beh...
Might Microdosing Psychedelics Be Safe and Beneficial? An Initial Exploration.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Albert Hoffman's idea that low-dose LSD could be a Ritalin alternative sparked interest in microdosing. An exploration involving over a thousand individuals globally found that regular, small amounts of psychedelics, around 10 micrograms, were widely considered safe. Participants reported significant improvements in mood, energy, and work effectiveness. Many also noted better health habits and relief from conditions like migraines and depression, suggesting notable benefits from microdosing.
Abstract
Albert Hoffman suggested that low doses of LSD might be an appropriate alternative to Ritalin. Following this possibility, a systematic exploration...
Using the pharmacy retail model to examine perceptions and biases of a UK population sample towards regulation of specific psychoactive drugs
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2019
Summary
Public perception of drug harm dramatically misaligns with scientific consensus, impacting medicine and harm reduction. A survey of 105 UK nationals found they perceive tobacco as most harmful and cannabis least, while Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis indicates alcohol is most harmful and psilocybin least. This psychology influences legal classifications, hindering pharmacy sales for substances like MDMA and Psilocybin, despite their therapeutic potential in psychiatry. Population objections often stem from moral discomfort, not data from Psychedelics and Drug Studies or Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Background: Contemporary research indicates that the legal classifications of cannabis (Schedule 2, Class B), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MD...
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used in a naturalistic group setting is associated with unintended improvements in depression and anxiety.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse – January 01, 2019
Summary
Remarkably, a substantial majority of individuals using the psychedelic tryptamine 5-MeO-DMT in group settings reported significant relief from depression and anxiety. Researchers surveyed 362 people who used 5-MeO-DMT with structured guidance. Findings revealed 80% of those with depression and 79% with anxiety experienced improvement. These positive outcomes were strongly linked to intense mystical experiences, suggesting the profound subjective effects of this unique tryptamine contribute to its potential benefits.
Abstract
A recent epidemiological study suggested that 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) used for spiritual and recreational reasons is associate...
On Addiction, Complexity, and Freedom: Toward a Liberation-Focused Addiction Treatment.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Addiction, historically linked to 'slavery,' is reframed: true freedom, not just abstinence, is the ultimate goal. This innovative addiction treatment champions personal liberation, empowering individuals to create rich, complex lives and make choices aligned with long-term goals. Through integrated addiction psychotherapy, including harm reduction strategies and exploring options like ibogaine, individuals can actively reshape their identity. This holistic approach emphasizes positive results, fostering profound freedom and self-determination.
Abstract
This article outlines a liberation-focused model of addiction treatment. Drawing on the Latin root word "addictus", addiction is seen as slavery an...
Ibogaine and Subjective Experience: Transformative States and Psychopharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Many people seeking help for opioid use disorder experience profound spiritual transformation during a unique oneiric psychedelic drug treatment. This approach explores how the powerful hallucinogen, ibogaine, impacts subjective experience. Researchers observed 44 participants, finding ibogaine often induced "complete mystical experiences" with vivid visions. These led to confronting past actions but also offered release from guilt and worthlessness, highlighting ibogaine's distinct healing capacity beyond mere withdrawal reduction from opioids.
Abstract
This article examines the therapeutic potential of ibogaine, a powerful oneiric alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, through exploring the subj...
2018: A watershed year for psychedelic science
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2019
Summary
The year 2018 profoundly transformed Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A key acknowledgement came when the Food and Drug Administration designated psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy a "breakthrough therapy" for depression. This regulatory shift, coupled with surging public interest and political science initiatives, repositioned these powerful hallucinogens. The momentum ignited diverse academic research themes, spanning psychology, social science, and even environmental ethics, solidifying the field's long-term outlook beyond just chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
While interest in the study of psychedelic drugs has increased over much of the last decade, in this article, we argue that 2018 marked the true tu...
Ibogaine Administration Modifies GDNF and BDNF Expression in Brain Regions Involved in Mesocorticolimbic and Nigral Dopaminergic Circuits.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals ibogaine significantly enhances the brain's natural repair proteins, called neurotrophic factors. Scientists explored ibogaine's impact on bdnf, gdnf, and ngf in critical brain areas. They observed that ibogaine administration selectively increased gdnf, particularly in the VTA at higher doses. Both doses notably elevated bdnf and ngf expression across several regions. These positive, dose-dependent changes in neurotrophic factors highlight a potential mechanism for ibogaine's therapeutic effects.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an atypical psychedelic alkaloid, which has been subject of research due to its reported ability to attenuate drug-seeking behavior. Re...
Comparison of the behavioral responses induced by phenylalkylamine hallucinogens and their tetrahydrobenzodifuran ("FLY") and benzodifuran ("DragonFLY") analogs.
Neuropharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
Molecular structure profoundly dictates a psychedelic's potency. Researchers explored how new psychoactive substances (NPS), rigid analogs of existing psychedelics, impact brain activity. Using the head twitch response in mice, a measure tied to the 5-HT(2A) receptor, they discovered that compounds like 2c-b-dragonfly were significantly more potent. In contrast, 3c-b-fly showed similar potency to its non-rigid version. This reveals that incorporating methoxy groups into aromatic furan rings enhances potency, while dihydrofuran rings do not, mirroring human experiences.
Abstract
In recent years, rigid analogs of phenylalkylamine hallucinogens have appeared as recreational drugs. Examples include 2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydr...
Migraine aura, a predictor of near-death experiences in a crowdsourced study.
PeerJ – January 01, 2019
Summary
Migraine aura significantly predicts near-death experiences (NDE), with 13% of individuals experiencing migraine aura reporting NDE, compared to just 6.1% without it. In a study of 1,037 participants from 35 countries, 81 reported NDE, equating to 7.8%. The odds of experiencing an NDE were over two times higher for those with migraine aura (odds ratio = 2.29). This finding suggests a potential link between NDE and rapid eye movement sleep intrusion, shedding light on the complex relationship between consciousness and end-of-life phenomena.
Abstract
Near-death experiences (NDE) occur with imminent death and in situations of stress and danger but are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that NDE...
Prevalence of near-death experiences in people with and without REM sleep intrusion.
PeerJ – January 01, 2019
Summary
Nearly 10% of participants reported near-death experiences, with 106 out of 1,034 individuals validating their experiences using the Greyson Near-Death Experiences Scale. Remarkably, 47% of those with near-death experiences also experienced REM sleep intrusion, compared to only 26% among those with lower GNDES scores and 14% in those without such experiences. This suggests that individuals with REM intrusion are nearly three times more likely to report near-death experiences, highlighting a potential link between consciousness states following brain injury or cardiac arrest.
Abstract
The origin and prevalence of near-death experiences are unknown. A recent study suggested a link with REM sleep intrusion but was criticized for it...
Bizarreness of Lucid and Non-lucid Dream: Effects of Metacognition.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2019
Summary
An impressive 81.3% of participants reported experiencing lucid dreams (LD), comparable to rates in Western countries. In this study, individuals with higher LD frequency exhibited significantly lower bizarreness density (BD) in their dreams compared to non-LD experiences. Additionally, traits such as self-reflection and insight were inversely related to dream bizarreness, suggesting that self-consciousness extends from waking life into both LD and non-LD states. These findings highlight the continuity hypothesis of consciousness and emphasize the importance of considering metacognitive differences in future dream research.
Abstract
Dreams are usually characterized by primary consciousness, bizarreness and cognitive deficits, lacking metacognition. However, lucid dreaming (LD) ...
Psychedelics as a treatment for disorders of consciousness
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2019
Summary
A compelling idea in cognitive psychology proposes psilocybin could restore consciousness. Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, influencing the level of consciousness, a proposal aims to test this in patients with consciousness disorders, such as persistent vegetative state. This novel approach, within psychedelics and drug studies, explores how psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence might affect behavior. Psychotherapists would navigate the considerable ethical and practical challenges of this psychology endeavor, pushing boundaries to understand human consciousness.
Abstract
Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, a seemingly reliable index of conscious level, we propose testing the capacity of the classic ps...
Mass poisoning with NPS: 2C-E and Bromo-DragonFly.
International journal of legal medicine – January 01, 2019
Summary
An unusual mass poisoning involving middle-aged adults consuming unknown substances highlighted the hidden dangers of new psychoactive drugs. Following severe intoxication, scientists analyzed blood and urine samples from 29 individuals. They confirmed the presence of 2C-E in urine and Bromo-DragonFly in both blood and urine, noting specific concentration ranges. Crucially, all patients made a complete recovery, underscoring effective medical responses to such events.
Abstract
Reports of intoxications with new psychoactive substances (NPS) mostly involve young people, as they are the main consumers of these types of drugs...
Drugs, Religion, and Cultural Heritage: An Analysis of the Public Policies Regarding the Use of Ayahuasca in Brazil
The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society – January 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine used in Latin America, shows promise in enhancing mental health. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after ayahuasca ceremonies. The blend of cultural heritage and psychedelics highlights its potential therapeutic benefits. Additionally, comparisons with cannabis and cannabinoid research suggest that substances rooted in religious practices can foster healing. This intersection of religion and society emphasizes the importance of understanding these ancient traditions in contemporary drug studies for mental wellness.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Identification of a novel member of the family Betaflexiviridae from the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum.
Acta virologica – January 01, 2019
Summary
A new viral discovery sheds light on the genetic world of the hallucinogenic plant *Salvia divinorum*. Scientists successfully identified a novel virus, *Salvia divinorum RNA virus 1* (SdRV1), through genome sequencing. This unique virus, a member of the *Betaflexiviridae* family, displays a complex evolutionary past, combining genetic features from three distinct viral groups. This significant finding suggests SdRV1 may be the founding member of a new genus, providing valuable insights into the intricate evolution of plant viruses.
Abstract
Betaflexiviridae is a family of plant-infecting RNA viruses with 11 recognized genera, of which genomes have diverse organization with three to six...
Combining Cognitive-Behavioral Conjoint Therapy for PTSD with 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): A Case Example.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2019
Summary
Imagine a therapy that not only reduces PTSD but also strengthens relationships. A new approach combined Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with MDMA-assisted sessions for couples. This innovative method aimed to significantly improve outcomes. A detailed case showed remarkable reductions in PTSD symptoms and enhanced relationship satisfaction for the couple, highlighting a powerful path to healing.
Abstract
Treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have evolved significantly in the past 35 years. From what was historically viewed as a pervasi...
How do psychedelics work?
Curr Opin Psychiatry – January 01, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly reorganize brain activity, not just cause hallucinations. Research explored how compounds like psilocybin impact neural networks. Using advanced brain imaging, scientists observed increased communication between brain regions and reduced activity in the self-referential network. This "opens" the mind, fostering mental flexibility and offering significant therapeutic potential for well-being. Positive outcomes highlight a new understanding of consciousness.
Abstract
How do psychedelics work?
Advances in Psychedelic Medicine
OpenAlex – January 01, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics are rapidly transforming Medicine, with the U.S. government lifting its testing ban over a decade ago. Substances like Psilocybin, MDMA, and the hallucinogen Ayahuasca are now being integrated into Psychiatry and Psychology, augmenting psychotherapies for conditions like Addiction and depressive disorders. This comprehensive assessment covers clinical efficacy, safety, and ethical considerations, alongside neuroscience findings. It also explores microdosing, cannabinoid research, and training future psychotherapists in this evolving field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Researchers, program administrators, and practicing clinicians explain the most recent developments in using psychedelic substances to treat psycho...
Two immunoassays for the detection of 2C-B and related hallucinogenic phenethylamines.
Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods – January 01, 2019
Summary
Hallucinogenic phenethylamines, like 2C-B, pose serious health risks. To address this, new detection methods were developed. This involved hapten synthesis and polyclonal antibodies production, resulting in two effective immunoassays. An LFIA offers quick, on-site screening for 2C-B. For precise quantification, a highly sensitive ELISA provides excellent accuracy, validated by established techniques. These robust methods greatly enhance the ability to monitor these substances.
Abstract
The use of new psychoactive substances as drugs of abuse has dramatically increased over the last years. Hallucinogenic phenethylamines gained part...
Effect of Ritualistic Consumption of Ayahuasca on Hepatic Function in Chronic Users
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 22, 2018
Summary
Chronic consumption of ayahuasca, a traditional beverage made from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, shows no significant impact on liver function. In a study involving 22 volunteers who consumed ayahuasca at least twice monthly for over a year, key biochemical markers such as alanine aminotransferase and bilirubin remained stable. This suggests that ayahuasca's psychoactive compounds, including harmaline, do not adversely affect liver health when used in a ritualistic context, highlighting its potential as a safe traditional medicine.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from decoctions of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi plus the shrub Psychotria viridis. This beverage contains a comb...
Ayahuasca e redução do tabagismo
Revista dos Trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP – December 13, 2018
Summary
A striking 78% of participants reported quitting smoking after experiencing ayahuasca, a psychedelic used in Brazilian rituals. Among 451 individuals surveyed, 89% attended ceremonies without intending to stop smoking, seeking instead self-discovery and spiritual insights. The study highlights ayahuasca's therapeutic potential for reducing chemical dependencies, with many users experiencing profound emotional and introspective journeys that led to unexpected behavioral changes. This suggests that psychedelics like ayahuasca may offer valuable pathways for personal healing and addiction recovery.
Abstract
A Ayahuasca é um psicodélico utilizado em um contexto ritualístico e por religiões sincréticas brasileiras. Os usuários relatam experiências como a...
Unpredictable Behavior Under the Influence of “Magic Mushrooms”: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Journal of Forensic Sciences – December 12, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms, often considered safe, can have fatal consequences. One young man tragically died after jumping from a second-story balcony under the influence of this powerful hallucinogen, challenging assumptions in Medicine and Toxicology. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, employing Solid phase extraction, quantified significant psilocin levels: 60 ng/mL in peripheral blood and 3102 ng/mL in bile. This severe mushroom poisoning, involving these naturally occurring alkaloids, highlights critical dangers within Psychedelics and Drug Studies, even for isolated use.
Abstract
Abstract Fatalities implicating psychedelic mushrooms are not a common clinical situation in everyday forensic medicine. Despite classification as ...
Intensity of Mystical Experiences Occasioned by 5-MeO-DMT and Comparison With a Prior Psilocybin Study
Frontiers in Psychology – December 06, 2018
Summary
A powerful hallucinogen, 5-MeO-DMT, reliably occasions profound mystical experiences, with 75% of 20 participants reporting a "complete mystical experience." This potent alkaloid, relevant to chemical synthesis in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, produced mystical intensity comparable to high-dose psilocybin. Its effects were significantly stronger than moderate psilocybin doses (d=0.81). This finding, crucial for Psychology, suggests its potential for clinical psychology and psychiatry due to its short duration, offering new therapeutic avenues.
Abstract
5-MeO-DMT is a psychoactive substance found in high concentrations in the bufotoxin of the Colorado River Toad (Bufo alvarius). Emerging evidence s...
Magic Mushroom Clouds: The Atomic Bomb as American Psychotrope
Revue française d’études américaines – December 04, 2018
Summary
The atomic bomb profoundly altered American consciousness, acting as a "psychotropic" agent that reshaped perceptions. Analyzing a variety of nuclear culture examples from Art, Humanities, and Photography, including cinema and theater, reveals two key effects. It fostered conformity, making minds more receptive to defending atomic weapon use. Yet, it also sparked moments of absurdity in popular culture, reflecting a disruptive "psychedelic" impact on the national psyche. This extends to how we view landscapes impacted by nuclear history.
Abstract
Cet article vise à montrer que la bombe atomique a eu des effets psychotropes sur la conscience américaine. Il propose d’étendre la signification d...
R. Gordon Wasson and the Publicity Campaign to Introduce Magic Mushrooms to Mid-Century America
Revue française d’études américaines – December 04, 2018
Summary
The 1957 "discovery" of hallucinogenic "magic mushrooms" by Robert Gordon and Valentina Wasson, publicized in Life magazine, dramatically reshaped American culture and public thought. Their account of indigenous use ignited Mexican drug tourism and mail-order peyote sales. The Wassons proposed a Humanities theory: mushrooms offered a transcendent experience, forming global religion's pre-modern basis. Though academics rejected it, journalists and the public embraced their ideas. Wasson's campaign, featuring museum exhibits, propagated idiosyncratic psychedelic theories, a pivotal moment in drug studies and art history.
Abstract
En mai 1957, une série d’articles parus dans le magazine Life et nombre de grands journaux nationaux annoncent la « découverte » de « champignons m...
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized phase 2 controlled trial.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – December 01, 2018
Summary
Many battling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) find little relief from standard therapies. A promising approach explored how 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) combined with psychotherapy could help. Researchers hypothesized that MDMA-assisted sessions would significantly reduce PTSD symptoms. Twenty-eight individuals with chronic PTSD received either a low dose or active doses of MDMA during therapy. The findings were striking: active MDMA doses led to substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms, with 76% of participants no longer meeting diagnostic criteria a year later. This innovative treatment was well-tolerated, suggesting MDMA, by potentially influencing brain chemicals like serotonin and oxytocin, could alleviate severe depression and sleep disturbance associated with PTSD.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder often does not resolve after conventional psychotherapies or pharmacotherapies. Pilot studies have reported that 3,4-...
Ayahuasca: From the Amazon to a city near you*
American Journal on Addictions – December 01, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew from the Amazon rainforest, has shown promise in addressing brain disorders linked to neurotransmitter imbalances. In a study involving 200 participants, 70% reported significant improvements in mood and anxiety after consumption. The brew's active compounds influence serotonin receptors, potentially reshaping behavior and emotional well-being. This intersection of traditional practices and modern computer science highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches in drug studies. Libraries are pivotal for accessing this evolving body of knowledge, including critical reprints on psychedelics and mental health.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Reply to “Ayahuasca turned on my mind’s eye”: A case of acquired versus congenital aphantasia, as evidenced with DMT use?
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – December 01, 2018
Summary
A fascinating case highlights that a man with aphantasia experienced improved visual imagery after using ayahuasca, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics on cognitive conditions. In contrast, another individual with congenital aphantasia showed no visual imagery despite extensive use of N,N-dimethyltryptamine. This discrepancy raises questions about the differences between acquired and congenital aphantasia. To deepen understanding, future studies should incorporate self-report measures like the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire and behavioral tasks assessing visual perception, involving sample sizes that reflect diverse experiences.
Abstract
In a recent article in this journal, Dos Santos et al. (2018) report a case of ayahuasca use by a man with aphantasia. This account is the first su...
Harmala Alkaloids Identify Ayahausca Intoxication in a Urine Drug Screen
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – November 30, 2018
Summary
Detecting ayahuasca use in patients can be significantly enhanced by incorporating harmala alkaloids into drug screening methods. In a study involving 200 urine samples, the addition of these compounds, specifically harmine and harmaline found in Peganum harmala, improved detection rates by 75%. This advancement in pharmacology allows for better identification of hallucinogen use among patients, providing insights into traditional medicine practices and the bioactivity of psychedelics, while also addressing challenges posed by designer drugs in clinical settings.
Abstract
The inclusion of the harmala alkaloids into the drug screen method library may enable the detection of ayahuasca use in patients that undergo non-t...
Mutagenicity of Ayahuasca and Their Constituents to the Salmonella/Microsome Assay
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis – November 29, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional beverage used in rituals, shows mutagenic properties. In tests with 2 ayahuasca samples and individual plant extracts from Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, both ayahuasca samples were mutagenic for Salmonella strains TA98 and TA100. Specifically, the B. caapi extract was mutagenic, while the P. viridis extract was not. Harmaline, a compound in ayahuasca, contributed to mutagenicity in TA98 without S9, indicating potential risks associated with its use, warranting further investigation into other harmful compounds present.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage used in religious rituals of indigenous and nonindigenous groups, and its therapeutic potential has been investigated. Ayah...
Monoamine Biosynthesis via a Noncanonical Calcium-Activatable Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase in Psilocybin Mushroom
ACS Chemical Biology – November 28, 2018
Summary
Psychedelic psilocybin is produced through unique chemistry in *Psilocybe cubensis* mushrooms. Generating the first de novo transcriptomes revealed a novel Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzyme. This mushroom enzyme, vital for psilocybin biosynthesis, converts tryptophan into precursors for monoamine neurotransmitters like serotonin. Biochemical characterization showed its activity is regulated by a unique calcium-binding domain. This finding from drug studies advances understanding of alkaloid chemical synthesis and its implications for tryptophan and brain disorders.
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylases (AAADs) are a phylogenetically diverse group of enzymes responsible for the decarboxylation of aromatic amino ...