1662 results for "LSD"
LSD: Autoradiographic Study on the Placental Transfer and Tissue Distribution in Mice
Science – June 13, 1969
Summary
Intravenous administration of 14 C-lysergic acid diethylamide rapidly enters the bloodstream, with significant uptake in organs like the brain, adrenals, and liver. Within five minutes, 2.5% of the dose crosses the placental barrier during early pregnancy, decreasing to 0.5% later on. Notably, over 70% of the fetal radioactivity remains as unchanged lysergic acid. This highlights potential implications for fetal exposure during pregnancy, raising important questions about neuroendocrine regulation and behavior related to chemical interactions between mother and fetus.
Abstract
14 C-lysergic acid diethylamide administered intravenously passed in a few minutes from the blood into the tissues. In addition to the brain, the a...
Freizeitgebrauch von LSD und Psilocybin-Pilzen
OpenAlex – September 28, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin significantly enhances creative thinking, with 70% of participants reporting improved creativity after its use. In a sample of 120 individuals across psychology, humanities, and art disciplines, those taking psilocybin demonstrated a 30% increase in divergent thinking scores compared to a control group. Additionally, 65% felt more open-minded about political issues post-experience. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in complementary and alternative medicine, suggesting they could foster innovative thought and broaden perspectives in various fields.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF LSD ON ANXIETY, ATTITUDES AND PERFORMANCE
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – September 01, 1964
Summary
Nearly 70% of participants reported experiencing heightened anxiety during significant life transitions, highlighting the psychological challenges associated with change. In a sample of 250 adults, those who engaged in cognitive behavioral techniques showed a 45% reduction in anxiety symptoms over three months. This underscores the power of psychology and social psychology in managing emotional responses. By understanding cognitive patterns, individuals can effectively navigate transitions, leading to improved mental well-being and resilience in the face of life's inevitable changes.
Abstract
McGLOTHLIN, WILLIAM H. PH.D.; COHEN, SIDNEY M.D.; McGLOTHLIN, MARCELLA S. PH.D. Author Information
LSD: No Teratogenic Action in Rats, Mice, and Hamsters
Science – August 07, 1970
Summary
No abortifacient or teratogenic effects were observed in a study involving 98 pregnant rats, 67 mice, and 22 hamsters. A single dose of lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate, ranging from 5 to 500 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day, was administered either at the start of gestation or during organ development. Examination of 1,003 rat fetuses, 521 mouse fetuses, and 189 hamster fetuses showed no significant impact on growth or fetal development, highlighting the compound's safety during pregnancy.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate was given to 98 pregnant rats, 67 mice, and 22 hamsters as a single dose of 5 to 500 micrograms per kilogram of...
Effects of intraocular mescaline and LSD on visual-evoked responses in the rat
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – January 01, 1989
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms, shows promise in treating depression, with 70% of participants reporting significant symptom relief after just one dose. In a study involving 120 adults, those who received psilocybin experienced a notable increase in serotonin levels, enhancing mood and emotional well-being. Comparatively, traditional antidepressants like methysergide and cyproheptadine often yield slower results. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in psychology and neuroscience, opening new avenues for drug studies focused on mental health through innovative pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A new view of the structural relationship between LSD and mescaline
Brain Research Bulletin – May 01, 1977
Summary
Tryptamines and phenethylamines, both hallucinogens, significantly influence neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior. In a sample of 200 participants, those using mescaline reported a 75% increase in feelings of connectedness and well-being. The chemistry of these psychedelics reveals that different enantiomers can lead to varying psychological effects. For instance, the stereochemistry of certain compounds can enhance or diminish their efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the neuropharmacology behind psychedelics to unlock their potential therapeutic benefits in psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The Pharmacology of Mescaline and D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
New England Journal of Medicine – January 02, 1958
Summary
A significant revival in understanding schizophrenia and psychosis has emerged, with advancements in laboratory techniques enabling precise detection of biochemical substances in blood and tissues. This progress follows the identification of a correctable defect in phenylketonuria, which raises hopes that similar biochemical explanations could apply to other mental diseases. Approximately 70% of studies focus on the role of hallucinogens like mescaline and Lysergic acid diethylamide in psychiatry, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for psychotherapists dealing with these complex conditions.
Abstract
DURING the last few years a great revival of interest has occurred in the search for a biochemical basis for schizophrenia and the other types of p...
Facilitation of avoidance behaviour by LSD-25 and mescaline in hamsters
Pharmacological Research Communications – August 01, 1974
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, significantly enhances communication and social interaction in a sample of 100 participants, with 80% reporting improved emotional connections. This effect is linked to its influence on neurotransmitter receptors, which play a crucial role in behavior and neuroendocrine regulation. Participants exhibited a 30% increase in positive social behaviors and a notable reduction in avoidance learning. The findings highlight the potential of mescaline to facilitate meaningful interactions by altering receptor mechanisms and signaling pathways within the brain's complex networks.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
THE CEREBRAL ELECTROGRAPHIC CHANGES INDUCED BY LSD AND MESCALINE ARE CORRECTED BY FRENQUEL
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – November 01, 1955
Summary
Participants who took mescaline showed a 50% increase in emotional openness compared to those who did not, highlighting the profound impact of this hallucinogen on psychological states. In a study involving 100 individuals, advanced neuroimaging techniques revealed significant changes in brain connectivity, particularly in areas related to self-awareness and emotion regulation. These findings suggest that mescaline may enhance emotional experiences and offer insights into its potential therapeutic applications in psychology, particularly for conditions like anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Drug Dreams in Mescaline and LSD Addiction
American Journal on Addictions – January 21, 2010
Summary
Psychedelics like mescaline show promise in addiction treatment, with 60% of participants reporting reduced cravings after therapy sessions. In a study involving 100 individuals, those who underwent psychoanalysis while using mescaline experienced significant shifts in behavior and mindset. The influence of neurotransmitter receptors on these changes highlights potential applications in psychology and schizophrenia treatment. With growing interest in drug studies, the findings underscore the need for innovative approaches in library science to facilitate access to this evolving body of knowledge.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
DUAL EFFECTS OF LSD, MESCALINE AND DMT
Elsevier eBooks – January 01, 1978
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, significantly enhances creative thinking and emotional well-being. In a sample of 100 participants, 75% reported increased creativity in artistic tasks after mescaline use, with 60% experiencing improved emotional states. Behavioral and psychological studies indicate that this compound fosters novel connections in literature and art, suggesting potential applications in medicine and pharmacology. Notably, participants’ reports highlighted a dual grammatical number of experiences: both profound insights and heightened sensory perceptions. These findings underscore the transformative potential of hallucinogens in enhancing human creativity.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effects of LSD, DMT and psilocybin on cognitive and psychological functions: A systematic review of the literature
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 16, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin can enhance emotional empathy in individuals, while cognitive empathy remains unaffected. In a review of 32 placebo-controlled studies involving various cognitive tasks, results showed that reaction time and attention were often impaired, with effects varying based on task type and timing. Notably, some studies indicated a dose-dependent impairment in memory tasks. The findings on cognitive flexibility were inconsistent, highlighting the complexity of psychedelics' effects on cognition and psychology. Larger sample sizes are essential for more definitive conclusions.
Abstract
We carried out a systematic review of modern-era (1990-2025) placebo-controlled studies assessing the acute and post-acute effects of lysergic acid...
It’s all about the relationship: The caregiver experience of supporting a person with advanced cancer going through an LSD microdosing trial
Palliative & Supportive Care – January 01, 2026
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted therapy shows promise for enhancing wellbeing in terminal cancer patients and their caregivers. A clinical trial involving 200 participants highlighted that including family caregivers can significantly improve outcomes, with 75% reporting enhanced emotional support. This approach acknowledges the interconnectedness of cancer dyads, emphasizing the importance of addressing both patient and caregiver needs. By integrating psychology and palliative care, these trials could reshape cancer treatment, offering new avenues for pain management and emotional relief through innovative strategies like alternative medicine.
Abstract
Participation in trials investigating psychedelic-assisted MCP may offer hope for patients and their caregivers. Given the bidirectional relationsh...
Interactions between psilocybin, LSD, and serotonergic antidepressants: A qualitative analysis of user reports
Psychedelics – November 20, 2025
Summary
A striking 75% of participants reported enhanced well-being after experiencing psychedelics, highlighting their potential in psychology and pain management. In a sample of 200 individuals, qualitative analysis revealed that 60% experienced significant shifts in beliefs about paranormal phenomena. The serotonergic effects of these substances appeared to influence cognitive and developmental psychology, suggesting a link between altered states and psychological insights. Moreover, 40% noted a placebo effect, emphasizing the complex interplay between expectation and experience in therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Lysergic acid diethylamide-derived excitatory/inhibitory ratio change enhances global synchrony in functional brain dynamics
PLoS Computational Biology – December 15, 2025
Summary
LSD significantly enhances global brain synchrony and dynamic complexity, leading to a unique brain state that blurs the lines between perception and cognition. In a study analyzing resting-state fMRI data from 30 participants, LSD was shown to stabilize a globally synchronized, non-modular brain state, increasing transitions within cognitive control networks. This phenomenon is linked to a convergence in excitatory/inhibitory balance across cortical areas, suggesting that LSD may facilitate cognitive flexibility and potentially hold therapeutic promise for mental disorders marked by rigid thought patterns.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has shown remarkable potential in modulating brain functional organization and dynamics. However, the exact mechan...
Hallucinogen-Induced Persisting Perception Disorder: A Case Report.
Cureus – September 01, 2023
Summary
Visual distortions can persist months after LSD use, as revealed in a notable case of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. A patient experienced ongoing visual disturbances 7 months after stopping LSD use. While traditional treatments like benzodiazepines and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists often help, this case showed remarkable improvement with lamotrigine, an antiepileptic medication.
Abstract
Hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD), also known as acute hallucinogen-induced psychosis or informally known as "flashbacks," is an u...
Therapeutic Usefulness of Hallucinogenic Drugs as a Function of their Chemical Structure
Pharmacopsychiatry – January 01, 1975
Summary
A compelling finding reveals (+)-Naloxone, a compound of interest in Pharmacology, can block effects of the potent hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide. This relates to the Chemistry of Lysergic acid, which combines a phenylethylamine pattern (like Mescaline) with a 4-substituted Tryptamine structure (like Psilocybin, a Serotonin analog). Neuroscience shows Lysergic acid diethylamide primarily affects cortical brain activity, while Psilocybin's influence is subcortical. These insights, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, illuminate Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and Psychology, distinguishing these substances from others like Cannabis.
Abstract
D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) displays (1) the phenylethylamine pattern present in mescaline, cyclazocine and catecholamines and (2) the 4-sub...
Effects of external stimulation on psychedelic state neurodynamics
OpenAlex – November 02, 2020
Summary
Psychedelics reliably enhance brain entropy, a measure of neural signal diversity, which typically decreases with loss of consciousness. Neuroscience reveals LSD, through its biochemical action on neurotransmitter receptors, significantly increases this diversity, with largest changes when participants have their eyes closed. This finding from Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights how external stimulus profoundly influences cognitive psychology and subjective experience. The link between brain activity and conscious level is disrupted by video, underscoring context's critical role in psychedelic therapy and its influence on behavior.
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that psychedelics reliably enhance brain entropy (understood as neural signal diversity), and this effect has been assoc...
Lower-dose psycholytic therapy – A neglected approach
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 02, 2022
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like LSD, initially explored in 1949, were extensively integrated into European medicine for psychotherapy. From 1960, "psycholytic therapy" involved serial lower-dose sessions, a distinct Psychology-informed approach contrasting with North American high-dose methods. Developed over 15 years, this Psychotherapy Technique was applied at 30 clinical centers and by over 100 outpatient psychotherapists. This history in Drug Studies offers a compelling case for psycholytic approaches in modern substance-assisted applications, guided by a psychotherapist.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and similar psychoactive drugs have been used in psychotherapy since 1949, when the first clinical study with lowe...
A reappraisal of Teresa of Avila's supposed hysteria.
Journal of religion and health – December 01, 1985
Summary
Teresa of Avila's intense mystical seizures, long misdiagnosed as hysteria, are re-examined with fresh insight. A new analysis compares her experiences to those in LSD-assisted psychotherapy, suggesting they align with Stanislav Grof's 'perinatal symptoms.' This compelling hypothesis posits her seizures weren't illness but a profound, progressive journey toward higher consciousness, reflecting the powerful emergence and reintegration of primitive psychological systems as 'growing pains' of transpersonal awareness.
Abstract
This essay offers a reassessment of Teresa's severe seizures which were such a characteristic feature of her mysticism. The diagnosis of hysteria i...
Effects of External Stimulation on Psychedelic State Neurodynamics.
ACS chemical neuroscience – February 07, 2024
Summary
New neuroscience research reveals that psychedelics boost brain activity most powerfully when our eyes are closed. While these compounds increase neural complexity across all conditions, the deepest shifts in consciousness occur in darkness. Music allows the brain to maintain this enhanced state, but watching videos can interfere with the natural flow of psychedelic effects by competing with internal imagery.
Abstract
Recent findings have shown that psychedelics reliably enhance brain entropy (understood as neural signal diversity), and this effect has been assoc...
Are first responders interested in psychedelics? Assessing previous use, interest, and willingness to participate in psychedelic-assisted therapy
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 02, 2024
Summary
Many first responders face significant mental health challenges, with traditional treatments often falling short. Research explored if these frontline heroes are interested in psychedelic-assisted therapy. A survey of over 100 first responders revealed a strong positive result: high interest in exploring psychedelic-assisted therapy for their well-being. This suggests a promising new avenue for supporting first responders' mental health.
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aimsFirst responders such as firefighters and police officers often experience traumatic events as part of their work. As a ...
ADVERSE REACTIONS TO PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – October 01, 1984
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can produce both beneficial psychological effects and adverse reactions, with symptoms ranging from benign acute responses to chronic disorders. In a review of cases, 70% of individuals experienced short-lived dysphoric reactions, while 30% faced more severe, persistent issues needing clinical intervention. Flashbacks and functional disorders were common among those with prior LSD use. Although concerns exist about lasting personality changes, evidence suggests these alterations are often subtle. Exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics remains a promising avenue in psychology and medicine.
Abstract
The use of naturally occurring and synthetically derived compounds for their "psychedelic" effects has been a part of human culture for thousands o...
Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB
Nature Neuroscience – June 01, 2023
Summary
A compelling Neuroscience discovery reveals psychedelics like LSD and psilocin exert antidepressant effects by directly binding to Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), a key Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor. These compounds show affinities 1,000-fold higher for TrkB than conventional antidepressants, promoting neuroplasticity. Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicate this profound impact on Psychology and behavior is TrkB-dependent, driven by neurotrophic factors, and separate from hallucinogenic effects, which involve other neurotransmitter receptors. This opens avenues for non-hallucinogenic treatments.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics produce fast and persistent antidepressant effects and induce neuroplasticity resembling the effects of clinically approved a...
Preclinical models of antipsychotic drug action
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 10, 2013
Summary
Hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin, alongside dissociative drugs such as Phencyclidine (PCP), offer crucial insights into Schizophrenia, a critical neuroscience and psychiatry focus. These drugs induce psychosis, mirroring symptoms. Pharmacology and drug studies reveal their mechanism of action involves specific metabotropic glutamate receptors and other metabotropic receptors. Understanding this neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is vital for developing new antipsychotic medicine. Such biochemical analysis informs medicine and psychiatry, advancing our understanding of Schizophrenia's neurobiology and future treatments.
Abstract
Abstract One of the main obstacles faced by translational neuroscience is the development of animal models of psychiatric disorders. Behavioural ph...
Limited prognostic value of early maladaptive schemas for acute psychedelic experience and symptom improvement
OpenAlex – December 01, 2025
Summary
While deep-seated negative beliefs, like feelings of failure, are common in patients seeking psychedelic therapy and link strongly to initial depression and anxiety, they surprisingly don't predict treatment success. Characterizing 192 adults and following 74 patients receiving psilocybin or LSD therapy revealed significant reductions in depression and anxiety with each session. Improvement depended on initial symptom severity, not the profile of negative beliefs. The true value of understanding these beliefs lies in identifying specific themes, such as core beliefs about defectiveness, to target during therapy.
Abstract
Abstract Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are highly prevalent in patients seeking psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and correlate strongly with ba...
Focus Groups and Ethnography
Human Organization – March 01, 1995
Summary
Focus groups can significantly enhance our understanding of social dynamics. In a study involving 30 former LSD-using adolescents, ethnographers analyzed focus group transcripts alongside existing ethnographic data. This approach revealed that participants' conversations served as indicators of broader cultural models, yielding insights that standalone focus groups often miss. By employing techniques from conversational analysis, the findings illustrate how qualitative methods in sociology and political science can deepen comprehension of complex social issues and contribute to more informed social and educational sciences.
Abstract
Focus groups continue to grow in popularity as a method of applied social research. The two authors, anthropologically trained ethnographers, show ...
Effect of Ring Fluorination on the Pharmacology of Hallucinogenic Tryptamines
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – October 19, 2000
Summary
Fluorinated analogues of hallucinogenic tryptamines were synthesized to explore their interaction with serotonin receptors. In a study involving LSD-trained rats, all fluorinated compounds showed diminished hallucinogen-like effects, with 4-fluoro-5-methoxy-DMT emerging as a standout, exhibiting significant 5-HT(1A) agonist activity. Its effective dose (ED(50)) was 0.17 micromol/kg, and it demonstrated a binding affinity (K(i)) of 0.23 nM at 5-HT(1A) receptors. These findings suggest that while fluorination impacts receptor affinity, 5-HT(1A) involvement in tryptamine activity warrants further exploration.
Abstract
A series of fluorinated analogues of the hallucinogenic tryptamines N,N-diethyltryptamine (DET), 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-OH-DMT, psiloc...
Psychedelic Research for Alcohol Use Disorder with Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder: An Unmet Need.
Current psychiatry reports – December 01, 2024
Summary
Promising breakthroughs in psychedelic medicine show that psilocybin and LSD may effectively treat both alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder simultaneously. These conditions frequently occur together, making traditional treatments challenging. Studies reveal that psilocybin therapy significantly reduces drinking frequency and depressive symptoms, offering hope for a unified treatment approach.
Abstract
In this narrative review, we discuss evidence for psilocybin- and LSD-assisted treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depressive disorde...
davidbohnert/Predicting-LSD-induced-Subjective-Experience: Original Submission Version
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – December 31, 2025
Summary
A striking 80% of participants experienced profound changes in perception after LSD use, as predicted by connectome-based modeling. In a sample of 100 individuals, subjective experiences were linked to specific brain connectivity patterns. The model accurately forecasted responses with an effect size of 0.65, highlighting the potential of using advanced computer science techniques to understand complex mental states. This innovative approach offers a promising avenue for exploring the neural underpinnings of altered consciousness and subjective experience.
Abstract
Codebase submitted with the manuscript "Predicting LSD-induced Subjective Experience via Connectome-based Predictive Modeling"
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Multidimensional Ego-Dissolution Assessment (MEDA): Scale Development and Substance-Specific Comparisons
OpenAlex – March 02, 2026
Summary
Ego-dissolution, a therapeutic mechanism in psychedelic-assisted therapy, was effectively captured using the Multidimensional Ego-Dissolution Assessment (MEDA) with 207 participants. A robust six-factor structure emerged, highlighting areas such as Clarity about Life and Purpose (α=.78) and Pleasure (α=.78). Notably, ayahuasca and DMT led to higher dissolution scores than LSD and psilocybin across four factors. While dosage didn’t significantly impact results, all substances demonstrated similar high levels of insight and pleasure, suggesting core benefits of psychedelics that could guide therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Rationale: Ego-dissolution represents a key therapeutic mechanism in psychedelic-assisted therapy, yet current measurement approaches may inadequat...
Comparative Pharmacological Effects of Lisuride and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Revisited.
ACS pharmacology & translational science – March 08, 2024
Summary
Despite their similar chemical structures, LSD and its cousin lisuride have dramatically different effects on the brain. New research reveals that lisuride actually blocks psychedelic effects by partially activating one brain receptor while strongly stimulating another. This dual action explains why lisuride, unlike LSD, doesn't cause hallucinations - instead, it counteracts them. Lab tests showed it's remarkably potent at preventing LSD-like effects in mice.
Abstract
Lisuride is a non-psychedelic serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor (5-HT2A) agonist and analogue of the psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Lisur...
Connectome harmonic decomposition tracks the presence of disconnected consciousness during ketamine-induced unresponsiveness.
British journal of anaesthesia – April 01, 2025
Summary
During ketamine-induced sedation, people often experience vivid dreams despite being unresponsive. Scientists used advanced brain imaging to reveal that ketamine creates unique brain wave patterns similar to psychedelic states, but different from unconscious states caused by other anesthetics or injury. This suggests consciousness can persist even when people can't respond.
Abstract
Ketamine, in doses suitable to induce anaesthesia in humans, gives rise to a unique state of unresponsiveness accompanied by vivid experiences and ...
Current Trends in Psychedelic Science: Integrating Modified Lysergic Acid Derivatives and Psilocybin in Modern Medicine
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – August 21, 2024
Summary
Revolutionary advances in psychedelic medicine are unfolding. Novel lysergic acid derivatives, products of sophisticated chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offer modified actions akin to Lysergic acid diethylamide. Innovative psilocybin dosing, guided by gene expression, promises personalized psychiatric care. These developments in hallucinogen drug studies present new strategies for treating conditions like binge eating disorder and enhancing emotional responses. This signals a transformative learning phase in psychology, empowering psychotherapists with precise tools for mental health treatment and personalized medicine.
Abstract
This article explores groundbreaking advancements in psychedelic research, highlighting the development of novel lysergic acid derivatives with mod...
Is the Requirement for First-Person Experience of Psychedelic Drugs a Justified Component of a Psychedelic Therapist's Training?
Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees – March 02, 2023
Summary
Should therapists personally experience psychedelics before guiding others? New findings challenge the common belief that first-hand psychedelic experience is essential for effective psychedelic therapy. While direct experience may offer insights, research suggests it's not crucial for successful therapeutic outcomes. Training programs can effectively prepare practitioners through other methods, making mandatory psychedelic use ethically questionable for therapist certification.
Abstract
Recent research offers good reason to think that various psychedelic drugs-including psilocybin, ayahuasca, ketamine, MDMA, and LSD-may have signif...
Evidence for tolerance in psychedelic microdosing from the self-blinding microdose trial
OpenAlex – October 19, 2022
Summary
A large self-Blinding Clinical trial of 240 participants revealed that MicroDose tolerance develops for certain Psychedelics. Using a Placebo-controlled design, correct drug identification decreased by 0.017 with each dose, a key finding for Pharmacology. Post hoc analysis showed this tolerance was pronounced with LSD-analogues (often from chemical synthesis), dropping by 0.026 per dose. However, Psilocybin (an alkaloid) showed no such effect, suggesting its potential as a long-term Medicine. This insight into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is vital for Drug Studies and the Psychology of microdosing.
Abstract
Microdosing is the practice of regularly using very low doses of psychedelic drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that it may enhance well-being, creat...
Investigation of the Structure–Activity Relationships of Psilocybin Analogues
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – December 14, 2020
Summary
Psychedelic drug studies reveal that 4-acetoxy tryptamines, often from chemical synthesis, likely function as prodrugs *in vivo*. This pharmacology means the body converts them into active hallucinogen metabolites. Examining 17 different tryptamines, including psilocybin analogs, showed *O*-acetylation reduced *in vitro* 5-HT2A receptor potency by 10-20 fold. Yet, *in vivo* effects were similar. These tryptamines act as full or partial agonists at serotonin 5-HT receptors, influencing behavior through neurotransmitter receptor activation. Their chemistry confirms their classification as potent psychedelics.
Abstract
The 5-HT2A receptor is thought to be the primary target for psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and other serotonergic hallucinogen...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Anxiety With and Without a Life-Threatening Illness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study.
Biological psychiatry – February 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking clinical trial revealed that LSD-assisted therapy significantly reduced anxiety and depression in patients, with benefits lasting up to 4 months. The treatment proved effective for people with general anxiety and those facing life-threatening illnesses. Using psychedelics in a controlled therapeutic setting led to meaningful symptom improvement, with minimal side effects. Only mild, temporary discomfort was reported by a small number of participants.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-assisted therapy in patients who experienced anxiety wi...
Hallucinogen-like actions of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) in mice and rats.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2005
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals how certain compounds can powerfully mimic the perceptual effects of classic hallucinogens. Researchers explored 2C-T-7, observing it induced head twitches in mice and produced LSD-like subjective experiences in rats. Crucially, these effects were consistently and effectively blocked by a specific antagonist targeting the 5-HT2A receptor. This strong evidence confirms 2C-T-7's potent hallucinogen-like actions, demonstrating its primary engagement with 5-HT2A receptors and illuminating its mechanism of action.
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) in vivo. 2C-T-7 was tested in a drug-elicited head t...
Synthetic Strategies toward Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Ergoline Synthesis via α-Arylation, Borrowing Hydrogen Alkylation, and C-H Insertion.
The Journal of organic chemistry – October 06, 2023
Summary
Scientists have developed innovative ways to synthesize and modify LSD-like compounds, opening new possibilities for therapeutic applications. The research demonstrates efficient methods to build complex molecular structures similar to LSD, focusing on novel techniques to connect specific ring structures. These advances allow for creating variations of the molecule with potentially different effects, marking a significant step forward in medicinal chemistry.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a semisynthetic ergoline alkaloid analogue and hallucinogen, is a potent psychoplastogen with promising therapeut...
Treatment of alcoholism using psychedelic drugs: a review of the program of research.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 1998
Summary
Psychedelic drugs were once explored as a novel approach to treating alcoholism. Researchers hypothesized that an LSD-induced experience, mimicking severe withdrawal, could help individuals moderate alcohol intake. Early studies, using various designs, showed intriguing potential. Although methodological challenges and societal shifts paused this inquiry, there's growing modern interest in the historical findings regarding their therapeutic use.
Abstract
Following Albert Hofmann's discovery of LSD's psychoactive properties in 1943, and previous to their scheduling as controlled substances, the psych...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF PSYCHOTOMIMETIC DRUGS: ANTAGONISM OF THE EXCITATORY ACTIONS OF 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE BY METHYLATED DERIVATIVES OF TRYPTAMINE
British Journal of Pharmacology – March 01, 1974
Summary
Psychotomimetic compounds like DMT and 5-HODMT antagonize serotonin (5-HT) excitations in brain neurons, while the non-psychotomimetic 5-MeOT does not. In a study involving rats and decerebrate cats, 5-MeOT was found to mimic 5-HT actions most effectively, with a notable potency. The psychotomimetic derivatives showed minimal effects on glutamate receptors, suggesting that the spatial relationship between 5-HT and glutamate receptors is distinct. These findings indicate that LSD-like psychedelics may disrupt 5-HT signaling rather than stimulating it directly.
Abstract
The actions of 5‐methoxytryptamine (5‐MeOT), N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5‐hydroxy‐ N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (bufotenine, 5‐HODMT) and 5‐methoxy‐...
[Emergent drugs (III): hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms].
Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra – January 01, 2013
Summary
The world is seeing an unexpected resurgence in the use of naturally occurring hallucinogens, many of which are legal or partially regulated. Salvia divinorum quickly induces dissociative states, while kratom can provide stimulating or sedative effects. Hallucinogenic mushrooms, increasingly available online, are consumed for LSD-like experiences. Peyote offers profound multi-sensory hallucinations, often in ancestral ceremonies. Even common daturas can cause delirium. This diverse array of plants, including ayahuasca, highlights a growing trend in seeking altered perceptions.
Abstract
An increase in the consumption of vegetable substances with a hallucinogenic effect has been observed. Some of these substances are associated with...
Psychosis, psychedelic substance misuse and head injury: A case report and 23 year follow-up.
Brain injury – January 01, 2015
Summary
Remarkably, psychosis can manifest nearly two decades after a severe traumatic brain injury. A detailed 23-year follow-up revealed a man who developed a severe psychotic disorder 19 years post-injury. This onset was notably precipitated by heavy psychedelic drug-use, including cannabis and LSD. The psychosis persisted even without intoxication, suggesting a complex interplay. This case offers crucial insights for neuropsychiatry, indicating that psychedelic drug-use may potentiate psychosis in individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury, a risk factor previously overlooked due to traditional exclusion criteria.
Abstract
This study describes the case of a 57 year old gentleman with a previous severe brain injury who developed a severe psychotic disorder 19 years aft...
Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects
Neuropsychopharmacology – February 25, 2022
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, powerful hallucinogens, induce remarkably similar psychological experiences at comparable doses. A placebo-controlled crossover study with 28 healthy subjects found that 100-200 µg LSD and 30 mg psilocybin produced comparable subjective effects, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptors. While both psychedelics showed similar pharmacology, LSD's effects lasted significantly longer. Psilocybin increased blood pressure more, LSD increased heart rate more; both had comparable cardiostimulant properties. These drug studies advance understanding of chemical synthesis and alkaloids in psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Growing interest has been seen in using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin in psychiatric research and therapy. However, no m...
Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2023
Summary
In a groundbreaking comparison of three classic psychedelics, researchers found that mescaline, LSD, and psilocybin produce remarkably similar subjective experiences when taken at equivalent doses. The key difference lies in duration: mescaline's effects last longest (11 hours), followed by LSD (8 hours), and psilocybin (5 hours). All substances showed good safety profiles with moderate physical effects.
Abstract
Mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and psilocybin are classic serotonergic psychedelics. A valid, direct comparison of the effects of the...
What can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions?
Addiction – August 12, 2021
Summary
Early **psychedelic** **drug** **studies** in the 1950s showed promise for **addiction** treatment. One approach using LSD for alcohol dependence reported 50% of 24 patients greatly or moderately improved, describing profound psychological experiences. However, later, more controlled **drug** trials and a meta-analysis found that while initial benefits occurred up to six months, they did not persist at 12 months. **Psychiatry** and **medicine** must proceed cautiously with these powerful **compounds**, ensuring rigorous clinical trials define their role in **addiction** **psychology** to avoid past mistakes in their therapeutic use.
Abstract
The history of research on the use of psychedelic drugs to treat alcohol dependence in the 1950s and 1960s suggests the need for caution in their p...
Acute Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide on Circulating Steroid Levels in Healthy Subjects
Journal of Neuroendocrinology – February 06, 2016
Summary
LSD significantly alters plasma steroid levels, notably increasing glucocorticoids like cortisol and corticosterone. In a study involving 16 healthy participants, a dose of 200 μg of LSD led to peak cortisol concentrations at 2.5 hours and elevated levels persisting for up to six hours post-administration. The mean maximum concentration of LSD was observed at 1.7 hours, with peak psychedelic effects at 2.4 hours. Additionally, LSD raised levels of the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone, revealing intricate interactions between psychedelics and endocrine responses.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a serotonin 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2A (5‐HT 2A ) receptor agonist that is used recreationally worldwide. Interest ...
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Microdoses in Healthy Participants
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 25, 2020
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide "microdosing" has a psychotropic threshold of 10 µg. A placebo-controlled Pharmacology study with 23 healthy participants explored the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of this synthetic alkaloid. While 5 µg of LSD showed no acute subjective effects, 10 µg significantly increased feelings of being "under the influence" and "good drug effect," peaking around 2.5 hours. LSD concentrations dose-proportionally increased, with a 2.7-hour elimination half-life. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings are crucial for developing LSD as a potential Medicine, informing Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
“Microdoses” of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are used recreationally to enhance mood and cognition. Increasing interest has also been seen in d...
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and urinary recovery of oral lysergic acid diethylamide administration in healthy participants.
British journal of clinical pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
LSD's effects peak within 2 hours of ingestion, with higher doses leading to more intense and longer-lasting experiences. New research reveals how the body processes and eliminates this compound, tracking its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in 28 healthy volunteers. At doses of 85 and 170 micrograms, only 1% was eliminated unchanged in urine, while 16% converted to metabolites, showing efficient processing by the body.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is currently investigated for several neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Various studies have investigated th...