Research
Ketamine induced synaptic plasticity operates independently of long-term potentiation.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
The rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine boosts brain connectivity without disrupting the brain's natural learning mechanisms. New research reveals ketamine strengthens neural connections through a unique pathway that works alongside, not against, the brain's normal memory-forming processes. Even in stress-exposed brains, ketamine enhances synaptic communication while preserving the neural circuits essential for learning and memory formation. This finding helps explain why ketamine can effectively treat depression without compromising cognitive function.
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity occurs via multiple mechanisms to regulate synaptic efficacy. Homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity are two such mechanisms by whi...
Defined radio wave frequencies attenuate the head-twitch response in mice elicited by (±)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine.
Electromagnetic biology and medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics show promise in treating psychiatric disorders where existing medications fall short. A novel approach using electromagnetic signals was tested to mitigate anxiety during psychedelic experiences. In trials with mice, a specific WAV signal derived from the 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI significantly reduced the head-twitch response by 38% at 0.1 mg/kg and 52% at 0.3 mg/kg. A control signal had no impact, indicating that this method could effectively modulate the therapeutic effects of psychedelics while addressing associated anxieties.
Abstract
Results from clinical trials show that serotonergic psychedelics have efficacy in treating psychiatric disorders, where currently approved pharmaco...
A chromosome level reference genome of Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum) provides insight into salvinorin A biosynthesis.
BMC plant biology – October 01, 2024
Summary
The powerful compound salvinorin A from *Salvia divinorum*, a *Lamiaceae* species, shows promise for treating pain and addiction by interacting with the *Κ opioid receptor*. To unlock its full medicinal potential, researchers performed a high-quality *de novo genome assembly*. This revealed the complete genetic blueprint of this *medicinal plant*, identifying key gene clusters involved in *diterpenoid biosynthesis*, specifically for *neoclerodane diterpenes*. This breakthrough provides the genetic tools to fully understand salvinorin A production.
Abstract
Diviner's sage (Salvia divinorum; Lamiaceae) is the source of the powerful hallucinogen salvinorin A (SalA). This neoclerodane diterpenoid is an ag...
Out-of-Hospital Intranasal Ketamine as an Adjunct to Fentanyl for the Treatment of Acute Traumatic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Annals of emergency medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
Adding nasal ketamine to fentanyl for emergency pain control showed no significant advantage in treating acute trauma pain before hospital arrival. In this trial, paramedics treated injured patients with either standard fentanyl plus ketamine or fentanyl plus placebo. While 45% of ketamine patients reported improved pain versus 36% with placebo, the difference wasn't meaningful enough to justify changing current practices.
Abstract
To evaluate if out-of-hospital administration of fentanyl and intranasal ketamine, compared to fentanyl alone, improves early pain control after in...
Comparison of Nebulized Ketamine to Intravenous Subdissociative Dose Ketamine for Treating Acute Painful Conditions in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy Controlled Trial.
Annals of emergency medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
New pain relief option proves as effective as traditional IV treatment! A breakthrough study shows nebulized ketamine (inhaled through a special device) works just as well as intravenous ketamine for managing severe pain in emergency settings. Among 150 patients with high pain levels, both methods reduced pain scores significantly - from 8.2 to around 3.7 - within 30 minutes. The inhaled version offers a gentler alternative to IV treatment, with no serious side effects reported in either group.
Abstract
We aimed to assess and compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of intravenous subdissociative-dose ketamine to nebulized ketamine in eme...
Intravenous ketamine successfully treats treatment-resistant catatonia in schizophrenia: A case report.
Pharmacotherapy – October 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine provided rapid relief for a 77-year-old woman with severe catatonia linked to schizophrenia. When traditional treatments failed and COVID-19 prevented access to standard therapy, doctors successfully used an intravenous ketamine infusion. The patient recovered quickly from her symptoms of immobility and mutism, demonstrating a promising alternative for treating resistant catatonia.
Abstract
Benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are mainstay treatments for catatonia, a potentially life-threatening psychomotor syndrome char...
Beyond fight or flight: The protective role of pre-pandemic meditation practice against anxiety and perceived stress.
Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress – October 01, 2024
Summary
Meditation significantly mitigates anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 lockdown. Among 238 participants from Portugal, non-meditators experienced a notable rise in anxiety symptoms (β = -0.226) and perceived stress (β = -0.20), while meditators showed stable levels over time. The benefits of meditation were influenced by factors like sex and self-compassion. Notably, longer meditation sessions correlated with better mental health outcomes. These findings underscore the need for mental health professionals to promote meditation and self-regulation skills to enhance well-being during challenging times.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated distinct mental health challenges, characterised by stress and anxiety due to its unpredictable duration and contin...
Effect of Low-dose Ketamine Infusion on Opioid Consumption in Children Undergoing Open Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study.
Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia – October 01, 2024
Summary
Low-dose ketamine offers new hope for reducing pain medication needs in young cardiac patients. Children receiving ketamine during and after heart surgery required significantly less opioid medication for pain control. This breakthrough in pediatric analgesia showed that carefully administered ketamine not only reduced pain scores but also avoided common side effects. The treatment proved both safe and effective, with patients experiencing better pain management while using fewer powerful painkillers.
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of low-dose ketamine infusion on the perioperative consumption of opioids in pediatric open cardiac ...
Ketamine reduces the neural distinction between self- and other-produced affective touch: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2024
Summary
Our ability to distinguish self-touch from others' touch is key to our sense of self. New findings reveal ketamine temporarily blurs this boundary in the brain. When given ketamine, participants showed reduced activity in brain regions that normally help differentiate between touching oneself and being touched by others. This effect was strongest during social touch and linked to changes in body awareness, suggesting ketamine alters how we process physical boundaries between self and others.
Abstract
A coherent sense of self is crucial for social functioning and mental health. The N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist ketamine induces short-term disso...
IN Esketamine and IV Ketamine: Results of a multi-site observational study assessing the effectiveness and tolerability of two novel therapies for treatment-resistant depression.
Psychiatry research – October 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments show promise for patients who haven't responded to traditional antidepressants. Real-world clinical data from 53 patients reveals both intranasal esketamine and IV ketamine significantly reduced depressive symptoms in major depressive disorder. Both treatments demonstrated strong antidepressant effects and notably decreased suicidal ideation. The treatment response was similar between groups, with minimal side effects.
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) ketamine and intranasal (IN) esketamine are novel therapies to manage treatment resistant depression within major depressive disor...
Alfentanil versus fentanyl for emergency department rapid sequence induction with ketamine: A-FAKT, a pilot randomized trial.
The American journal of emergency medicine – October 01, 2024
Summary
When emergency doctors need to quickly sedate patients for intubation, choosing the right pain medication matters. A comparison of two powerful opioids - alfentanil and fentanyl - showed both perform similarly well when combined with ketamine during rapid sequence induction. Neither drug showed significant advantages in preventing dangerous blood pressure swings or complications. Both maintained stable vital signs and achieved successful intubation rates.
Abstract
Fentanyl is often administered during rapid sequence induction of anesthesia (RSI) in the emergency department (ED) to ameliorate the hypertensive ...
Sex difference alters the behavioral and cognitive performance in a rat model of schizophrenia induced by sub-chronic ketamine.
Journal of psychiatric research – October 01, 2024
Summary
Male and female brains respond differently to schizophrenia-like conditions, with females showing heightened sensitivity to certain symptoms. When ketamine was used to mimic schizophrenia in rats, females exhibited more intense movement changes and pain sensitivity. The antipsychotic drug risperidone effectively reversed these effects and restored normal brain chemistry in both sexes.
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. In rats, sub-chronic administration of ketami...
Acute dose-dependent effects of mescaline in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects.
Translational psychiatry – September 30, 2024
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, produces dose-dependent effects lasting up to 14 hours. Research shows higher doses create stronger experiences, with peak effects around 2 hours after intake. A receptor-blocking drug significantly reduced these effects, suggesting mescaline works primarily through serotonin pathways. While higher doses led to stronger effects, they also increased side effects like nausea.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics have regained interest in research and therapy. Despite the long tradition of the human use of mescaline, modern data on its d...
Esketamine mitigates mechanical ventilation-induced lung injury in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats via inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and reduction of oxidative stress.
International immunopharmacology – September 30, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough shows that esketamine, a derivative of ketamine, can protect lungs during mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The drug reduces inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking specific cellular pathways, potentially making ventilation safer for critically ill patients. This could transform care for those requiring breathing support.
Abstract
To investigate esketamine's impact on inflammation and oxidative stress in ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats, examining ...
Psilocybin prevents habituation to familiar stimuli and preserves sensitivity to sound following repeated stimulation in mouse primary auditory cortex
OpenAlex – September 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically alters how the brain processes sound. Neuroscience investigations revealed that a 1 mg/kg dose of psilocybin prevented normal habituation to repeated auditory stimulation within the mouse auditory cortex. Instead of responses diminishing, neural activity maintained its responsiveness and sound-level thresholds, unlike controls. This suggests psilocybin disrupts sensory gating, influencing behavior and perception. Insights from psychedelics and drug studies could inform audiology and psychology, potentially targeting maladaptive sensory processing through neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a psychoactive substance derived from fungi, has been utilized historically by diverse cultures for both medicinal and non-med...
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review.
Brain sciences – September 30, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) show promise in improving mental health outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A review of 37 studies revealed that MBIs led to reductions in psychological distress, behavioral issues, and enhanced cognitive and social skills. Notably, adults (n = 12), children and adolescents (n = 9), and caregivers (n = 13) benefited from these interventions. However, the overall quality of the studies was low, highlighting the need for tailored approaches and further exploration, particularly for younger patients and educational support for teachers.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have emerged in recent years as a strong candidate for the treatment of a range of difficulties faced by ind...
Psilocybin increases optimistic engagement over time: computational modelling of behaviour in rats.
Translational psychiatry – September 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin helps rats maintain optimistic behavior by reducing their aversion to losses and improving their ability to adapt to changing situations. In a reward-based learning experiment, rats treated with psilocybin showed increased engagement and achieved better outcomes. The compound appears to work by adjusting how the brain updates beliefs and processes negative experiences, suggesting a mechanism for its antidepressant effects.
Abstract
Psilocybin has shown promise as a novel pharmacological intervention for treatment of depression, where post-acute effects of psilocybin treatment ...
Beyond the numbers: reimagining healing with psychedelics for eating disorders.
Journal of eating disorders – September 30, 2024
Summary
Emerging research shows promising results for treating eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, with psychedelic medicine. Psilocybin treatment and other psychedelics may help by addressing deep-rooted psychological factors that traditional therapies often struggle to reach. This approach combines therapeutic support with carefully guided psychedelic sessions, offering new hope for those who haven't responded well to conventional treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic medicine is currently being evaluated for numerous mental health indications, and there is significant interest in applying these model...
Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic‐Assisted Therapy
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 30, 2024
Summary
Genetic variations significantly influence how individuals respond to **psychedelics**, a critical insight for future **medicine**. **Pharmacogenomics** explores how our genes affect the **pharmacology**, specifically **pharmacokinetics** and **pharmacodynamics**, of **hallucinogens** like **Psilocybin** and **MDMA**. For instance, genetic variants in enzymes such as **CYP2D6** impact acute effects, suggesting personalized **dosing** may be appropriate. This field, crucial for **drug studies**, aims to improve the safety and therapeutic profile of these compounds, potentially leveraging **biochemical analysis** and understanding **chemical synthesis** for better patient outcomes.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently re‐emerged as potential treatments for various psychiatric conditions that impose major public health costs and for whic...
Synaptic basis of rapid antidepressant action.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – September 29, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's ability to lift depression within hours, rather than weeks, marks a breakthrough in mental health treatment. The drug works by triggering rapid changes in brain cell connections through synaptic plasticity, activating BDNF proteins and TrkB receptors. This process enhances spontaneous neurotransmitter release between neurons, helping restore healthy brain communication patterns and homeostatic balance. The findings reveal how fast-acting treatments can effectively combat depression without waiting for lengthy brain circuit rewiring.
Abstract
The discovery of ketamine's rapid antidepressant action has generated intense interest in the field of neuropsychiatry. This discovery demonstrated...
The Action on Psilocybin in Neural Plasticity, Brain Reorganization and Cognitive Enhancement
Middle East Research Journal of Biological Sciences – September 28, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique indole alkaloid from chemical synthesis, avoids addiction by not interacting with the brain's reward system. This *Action* on *Neuroplasticity* is a key focus in *Neuroscience*, particularly within *Cognitive neuroscience* and *Cognitive psychology*. *Psychedelics and Drug Studies* explore its potential to enhance *Cognition* and treat substance abuse. People report significant improvements in mood, reduced anxiety, and increased concentration, highlighting its profound *Psychology* benefits for various conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin do not cause addiction or dependence, as they do not interact with the dopaminergic reward system. New pharmacological trea...
Inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and anhedonia in patients with treatment-resistant depression after consecutive infusions of low-dose esketamine.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience – September 28, 2024
Summary
Low-dose esketamine shows promise in treating severe depression by reducing both anhedonia (loss of pleasure) and harmful inflammatory markers in the body. In a breakthrough finding, doctors tracked 60 patients receiving esketamine treatments, measuring their cortisol levels and inflammatory cytokines. After six treatments, patients reported significant mood improvements while their stress hormone cortisol dropped and beneficial immune markers increased.
Abstract
Anhedonia, defined as a significant loss of interest or pleasure, is one of the core symptoms of treatment- resistant depression (TRD) and is often...
The impact of ketamine on emergency rapid sequence intubation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC emergency medicine – September 27, 2024
Summary
When emergency breathing support is needed, ketamine proves to be as safe as other sedatives for rapid sequence intubation. Analysis of 16,807 patients showed no difference in hospital mortality rates between ketamine and alternatives. Notably, ketamine may even reduce death rates in the first week, though patients might need slightly longer intensive care stays.
Abstract
Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is a crucial step in the resuscitation process for critically ill patients, and the judicious use of sedative drugs...
Meditating on psychedelics. A randomized placebo-controlled study of DMT and harmine in a mindfulness retreat
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 27, 2024
Summary
Meditators experienced profound shifts with a hallucinogen. Forty experienced meditators received either DMT-harmine, an active ingredient from Ayahuasca, or a placebo during a retreat. Those given the psychedelic reported greater mystical experiences and emotional breakthroughs. One month later, they rated their experience as significantly more meaningful and well-being-enhancing, informing clinical psychology. This suggests psychedelics, like psilocybin, can enhance mindfulness and meditation practices, a key area in drug studies and psychiatry, exploring the potential of chemical synthesis and alkaloids in complementary medicine.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, both meditation and psychedelics have attracted rapidly increasing scientific interest. While the current state of evi...
Interpersonal and individual effects of an app-based Christian and Islamic heart meditation intervention in healthy adults: protocol of a stratified randomised controlled trial.
BMC Psychol – September 27, 2024
Summary
The potential for app-based spiritual practices to enhance well-being is being explored. A new trial aims to investigate if Christian and Islamic heart meditation, delivered via an app, can improve individual health and interpersonal connections in healthy adults. This randomized study seeks to demonstrate positive impacts on mental wellness and social interactions, highlighting the accessibility of digital spiritual tools.
Abstract
Interpersonal and individual effects of an app-based Christian and Islamic heart meditation intervention in healthy adults: protocol of a stratifie...
How to make psychedelic-assisted therapy safer
Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics – September 27, 2024
Summary
While promising, psychedelic therapy can temporarily diminish a patient's autonomy. To enhance safety, various measures were examined. Findings show preparatory sessions and trained oversight are valuable. Critically, including a trusted close person in the session is a highly effective and feasible approach to protect patients and foster a positive therapeutic experience.
Abstract
Classic serotonergic psychedelics are experiencing a clinical revival, which has also revived ethical debates about psychedelic-assisted therapy. A...
‘Mind-Revealing’ Psychedelic States: Psychological Processes in Subjective Experiences That Drive Positive Change
Psychoactives – September 27, 2024
Summary
Beyond chemical effects, it's the *experience* during altered states of consciousness that truly drives healing. A review explored how subjective phenomena, including those from psychedelic substances or breathwork, foster therapeutic change. Findings highlight that mystical experiences, alongside insight and emotional breakthroughs, are crucial for positive mental health outcomes. This suggests psychology must embrace personal subjective realities for effective psychedelic-assisted therapy, enhancing mental health.
Abstract
This narrative review explores the utilization of psychedelic states in therapeutic contexts, deliberately shifting the focus from psychedelic subs...
Validation of the imperial psychedelic predictor scale.
Psychol Med – September 27, 2024
Summary
A novel assessment tool now offers remarkable insight into individual psychedelic experiences. Researchers hypothesized this scale could reliably predict subjective effects, validating it through surveys of individuals who had used psychedelics. The findings were highly positive: the tool accurately predicted diverse aspects, including mystical experiences and challenging trips. This robust scale significantly advances our ability to understand and anticipate psychedelic responses, offering valuable insights.
Abstract
Validation of the imperial psychedelic predictor scale.
Reply to Letter to the Editor: "Psychedelics in Older Adults: Difficulties of a Clear Therapeutic Evidence".
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry – September 26, 2024
Summary
Challenging the notion of insufficient evidence, a recent discussion highlights the therapeutic promise of psychedelics for older adults. It argues that existing data and careful clinical approaches demonstrate significant benefits, addressing mental health needs with positive safety profiles. This re-evaluation supports their potential as valuable treatment options.
Abstract
Reply to Letter to the Editor: "Psychedelics in Older Adults: Difficulties of a Clear Therapeutic Evidence".
Ketamine and Psilocybin Differentially Impact Sensory LearningDuring the Mismatch Negativity
OpenAlex – September 26, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin (an alkaloid) and the chemical synthesis drug ketamine distinctly alter how our sensory system processes information, offering new avenues in Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience. Ketamine profoundly reduced the brain's ability to weigh incoming sensory data, particularly between 207-316 ms, affecting how it updates predictions. Both drugs, however, reduced the brain's confidence in its predictions around 160-184 ms. Drug studies reveal ketamine's significant impact on sensory processing and adaptation to change, while psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is more nuanced. This understanding could tailor mental health therapies.
Abstract
Abstract Ketamine and psilocybin show potential as therapies for various mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder. However, further in...
Efficacy and safety of esketamine hydrochloride adjunct to sufentanil in non-surgical patients under mechanical ventilation in the ICU (SENSATION trial): protocol for a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.
BMJ open – September 25, 2024
Summary
Innovative pain management in critical care: Doctors are testing esketamine as a safer alternative to traditional painkillers in ICU patients on ventilators. This randomized controlled trial explores combining esketamine with standard pain medication to reduce overall opioid use in adult intensive care. The goal is better pain management with fewer side effects for critically ill patients.
Abstract
Pain is common in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Intravenous opioids are recommended as first-line the...
Ketamine ameliorates post-traumatic social avoidance by erasing the traumatic memory encoded in VTA-innervated BLA engram cells.
Neuron – September 25, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in treating trauma by targeting specific brain cells that store fearful memories. Scientists found that a single low dose of ketamine, given during memory recall, reduced social anxiety in traumatized mice by altering memory engram cells in the basolateral amygdala. This process works through dopamine D2 receptors and may offer new hope for post-traumatic stress disorder treatment.
Abstract
Erasing traumatic memory during memory reconsolidation is a promising retrieval-extinction strategy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here...
Psychedelics: From Cave Art to 21st-Century Medicine for Addiction
European Addiction Research – September 25, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics offer compelling new hope for treating addiction. A comprehensive review spanning 40 years of Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights their therapeutic potential in medicine and psychiatry. Substances like Psilocybin, Lysergic acid diethylamide, and Mescaline, alongside MDMA, are being re-examined. These hallucinogens influence neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and improving psychological symptoms of dependence. This re-emergence in psychology and chemical synthesis and alkaloids research suggests these compounds could be vital tools for psychotherapists addressing addiction, especially when conventional methods fail.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic substance use in ritualistic and ceremonial settings dates back as early as 8,500 BCE. Only in recent years, from the mid-2...
Single-dose psilocybin alters resting state functional networks in patients with body dysmorphic disorder
Psychedelics. – September 24, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise for Body dysmorphic disorder, a severe psychiatric condition. After a single 25 mg oral dosing with psychology support, 8 adults with BDD saw symptom reductions lasting 12 weeks. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed that increased resting state fMRI connectivity within brain networks, including connections to the Default mode network's Precuneus and the Insula, predicted this improvement. These findings, relevant to Medicine, Psychiatry, and Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies, highlight psilocybin's potential in Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments, advancing Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by preoccupation with perceived flaws in one's appearance, which the...
Chemical Reactivity Parameters to Analyze Psychedelics: How Do We Explain the Potency of the Drugs?
ACS omega – September 24, 2024
Summary
The potency of psychedelic compounds directly relates to their ability to accept electrons, revealing a fascinating link between chemistry and consciousness. Scientists analyzed 27 serotonergic psychedelics, finding that compounds better at accepting electrons and those with higher molecular flexibility produced stronger effects. LSD, the most potent compound studied, demonstrated the highest electron acceptance, offering new insights into how these substances interact with brain chemistry.
Abstract
Psychedelics are psychoactive substances that produce changes in thoughts and feelings and modifications in perceptions of reality. The most potent...
Psychedelics as novel therapeutic agents for chronic pain: mechanisms and future perspectives
Exploration of neuroscience – September 24, 2024
Summary
Chronic pain afflicts an estimated 1.5 billion people globally, with traditional medicine often falling short. Emerging drug studies reveal psychedelics, including compounds from chemical synthesis and alkaloids like psilocybin, offer new hope. These substances influence behavior by activating neurotransmitter receptors, particularly serotonin, to alter pain perception and foster brain rewiring. This unique approach in psychology suggests a psychotherapist could guide patients, moving beyond conventional treatments. This promising avenue in medicine directly addresses the complex nature of chronic pain.
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain is a significant public health issue affecting an estimated 1.5 billion individuals worldwide. The mechanisms underlying c...
Psilocybin for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 23, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a unique hallucinogen, significantly reduced anxiety symptoms in 80% of five randomized controlled trials involving 472 adult patients with major depressive disorder. It also improved depressive symptoms in 60% of these studies. Tolerability was favorable; discontinuation rates were similar (2–13% for psilocybin) to controls (4–21%). While suicidal ideation improved in one trial, headache was a common adverse effect. This finding holds promise for psychiatry, medicine, and clinical psychology, advancing psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability...
Effect of psilocybin versus escitalopram on depression symptom severity in patients with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder: observational 6-month follow-up of a phase 2, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
EClinicalMedicine – September 23, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates remarkable efficacy against Major Depressive Disorder. A double-blind randomized controlled trial with 104 adults revealed 71% experienced significant symptom reduction after psilocybin treatment, versus 35% receiving Escitalopram. This psychiatry research, part of emerging Psychedelics and Drug Studies, positions psilocybin, a synthesized alkaloid, as a powerful intervention in Medicine. Ongoing observational study tracks long-term benefits, highlighting its potential to alleviate the economic burden of depression beyond conventional Complementary and Alternative Medicine approaches.
Abstract
The Alexander Mosley Charitable Trust and by the founding partners of Imperial College London's Centre for Psychedelic Research.
Premorbid Characteristics of the SAPAP3-Mouse Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Behavior, Neuroplasticity, and Psilocybin Treatment
OpenAlex – September 23, 2024
Summary
Juvenile mice modeling obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display significant anxiety, spending less time in open maze arms, *before* developing compulsive behaviors. This parallels human Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. Psychology and Neuroscience observations showed Psilocybin (4.4 mg/kg), a focus in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, did not alleviate this early anxiety. However, adult male mice modeling OCD showed increased neuroplasticity-related proteins like GAP43 and synaptophysin in emotion-regulating brain regions, unlike their juvenile counterparts. This highlights age-dependent brain changes relevant for psychotherapist-led early interventions.
Abstract
Abstract Background SAPAP3-knockout (KO) mice develop excessive self-grooming behavior at 4-6 months of age, serving as a model for obsessive-compu...
Psychedelics: A review of their effects on recalled aversive memories and fear/anxiety expression in rodents
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews – September 20, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics show significant potential for treating anxiety and maladaptive memories from aversive stimuli. A review of nearly 400 studies since 1957 reveals various psychedelics, like psilocybin and MDMA, reduce the expression of learned fear and impair memory reconsolidation in rodents. This Neuroscience and Psychology research highlights how Psychedelics and Drug Studies modulate neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Understanding these effects, vital for Developmental psychology regarding memory aging, promises new therapeutic strategies for stress-related conditions.
Abstract
Threatening events and stressful experiences can lead to maladaptive memories and related behaviors. Existing treatments often fail to address thes...
Oxa-Iboga alkaloids lack cardiac risk and disrupt opioid use in animal models.
Nature communications – September 20, 2024
Summary
Imagine a single dose that could curb opioid cravings and reverse pain. New research suggests a modified natural compound might achieve this. Scientists developed "oxa-iboga" compounds, structurally edited to avoid the cardiac risks of related treatments. Tested in human heart cells and animal models, these compounds showed no heart side effects and remarkably suppressed opioid intake (morphine, heroin, fentanyl) and drug-seeking behavior. A single dose of oxa-noribogaine even reversed opioid-induced pain, offering long-lasting relief. This class of compounds presents a potent, safer path to treating opioid use disorder.
Abstract
Ibogaine and its main metabolite noribogaine provide important molecular prototypes for markedly different treatment of substance use disorders and...
A study comparing brain wave patterns of fentanyl and ketamine in adult patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.
Medicine – September 20, 2024
Summary
Brain activity patterns reveal that fentanyl induces deeper sleep-like states during surgery, while ketamine maintains higher mental activity. Researchers monitored brain waves of surgical patients receiving either drug, finding fentanyl created strong slow-wave patterns typical of deep unconsciousness. Ketamine patients showed more active brain patterns, suggesting lighter sedation and potentially faster recovery times. This insight helps doctors choose the most appropriate anesthetic for different procedures.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and compare the neurophysiological impacts of two widely used anesthetic agents, Fentanyl and Ketamine, on EEG powe...
Quantitative LC-QToF-MS Analysis of Mycochemicals in Amanita muscaria, Psilocybe spp. (Agaricomycetes), and Consumer Products
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – September 20, 2024
Summary
A concerning analysis of 27 commercial Agaricomycetes products revealed widespread mislabeling and quality issues in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. One gummy, labeled "no psilocybin," surprisingly contained psilocin and psilocybin. Of 14 gummies claiming *Amanita* extracts, 11 lacked ibotenic acid. Five products had no target compounds. Chemical analysis showed *Psilocybe* psilocybin from 9.9-19.3%, and *Amanita* muscimol from 0.01-0.02%. This highlights an urgent need for standardized product specifications, considering complex chemistry and effects, unlike the sensory analysis of fermented tea polyphenols.
Abstract
The psychedelic mushroom market has expanded rapidly due to changing regulations and increasing consumer demand. Product diversity now extends beyo...
Low‐dose psilocybin in short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks: results from an open‐label phase Ib ascending dose study
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain – September 20, 2024
Summary
Two participants with severe headache attacks experienced over 50% fewer daily episodes after low-dose psilocybin, a chemical synthesis alkaloid. This open-label trial explored psilocybin's tolerability as a potential medicine for debilitating SUNHA, a condition related to migraine. Administering ascending doses (5-10mg) to three completers, no significant adverse effects were recorded, indicating good safety. While not definitive, these Psychedelics and Drug Studies, alongside Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, suggest psychological insights from the experience, rather than direct anesthesia, may be key to pain management.
Abstract
Abstract Background Short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNHA) are trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias that feature intense and r...
Naturalistic psychedelic therapy: The role of relaxation and subjective drug effects in antidepressant response
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 20, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, relaxation during psychedelic-assisted therapy, not mystical experiences, best predicted significant antidepressant effects. Patients receiving psilocybin and other psychedelics for depression saw reduced symptoms. Among 28 patients, compared to 28 healthy participants, most experienced mild, short-lived adverse effects. This highlights crucial insights for clinical psychology and psychiatry regarding medicine's impact and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering new directions for psychedelic drug studies.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is permitted in Switzerland under its limited medical use program. Data from patients in this progra...
Psychedelic research at a crossroads
Science – September 19, 2024
Summary
Mental health conditions affect one in every eight people globally, driving urgent innovation in medicine. Psychedelics, hallucinogens like psilocybin and MDMA, are being explored in clinical trials combining chemical synthesis compounds with psychotherapy. While promising for conditions like depression, the Food and Drug Administration recently rejected MDMA therapy, highlighting significant safety and data integrity concerns. This crossroads in Psychiatry and Psychology demands rigorous evidence for these potential treatments, ensuring psychotherapists can offer effective mental health solutions. The field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies must address these challenges to advance.
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop better treatments for mental health conditions that affect one in every eight people in the world. To combat thi...
Whole brain modelling for simulating pharmacological interventions on patients with disorders of consciousness.
Communications biology – September 19, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic drugs may offer hope for treating disorders of consciousness (DoC), a complex group of neurological conditions affecting awareness. By integrating whole-brain models with deep learning, significant shifts towards healthier brain states were observed when enhancing serotonergic and opioid receptor activity. Specifically, these interventions correlated with the mean density of activated receptors across the brain. This innovative approach, involving a comprehensive sample of DoC patients, paves the way for developing new treatments not only for DoC but also for other brain diseases.
Abstract
Disorders of consciousness (DoC) represent a challenging and complex group of neurological conditions characterised by profound disturbances in con...
Psilocybin ameliorates neuropathic pain-like behaviour in mice and facilitates the gabapentin-mediated analgesia
OpenAlex – September 19, 2024
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin dramatically enhances the anti-nociceptive potential of gabapentin, a common medicine for neuropathic pain. In a mouse model involving 60 mice, a single psilocybin dose not only provided sustained pain relief but also boosted gabapentin's efficacy by over 50%. This pharmacology insight from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests profound, lasting changes in pain processing. Such findings, relevant to Pain Mechanisms and Treatments, could revolutionize anesthesia and chronic pain management, exploring alkaloids like psilocybin, often from chemical synthesis, beyond current drug therapies like amitriptyline.
Abstract
Abstract Chronic pain states are challenging to control with current drug therapies. Here, we demonstrate that a single dose of psilocybin can prod...
CCNP Innovations in Neuropsychopharmacology Award
Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience – September 19, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics are profoundly reshaping mental health treatment, offering a novel psychiatric framework. These substances uniquely activate serotonin receptors and influence specific neural circuits, fostering transformative cognitive and spiritual experiences. A Neuropsychopharmacology review elucidates the complex mechanisms of two principal psychedelics, psilocybin and LSD, impacting brain plasticity. This deep Neuroscience and Psychology understanding is vital for future pharmaceutical studies and practices, addressing diverse mental health disorders. Such insights could even extend to conditions like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, integrating brain, mind, and spirituality.
Abstract
For 3000 years, psychedelics have been used in religious contexts to enhance spiritual thinking, well-being, and a sense of community. In the last ...
Going Underground: Demographics, Services, and Best Practices Endorsed by Practitioners Providing Support for Naturalistic Psychedelic Use
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 19, 2024
Summary
Clients in naturalistic psychedelic-assisted therapy often report positive outcomes, even with practitioners outside traditional regulation. An anonymous survey of 107 individuals providing this applied psychology support showed 40.2% held a license, while 44.9% lacked a relevant graduate degree. These practitioners, using non-directive approaches, pre-screened clients primarily using psilocybin, an alkaloid. While treating various psychiatric conditions, a small proportion reported worsened personality disorder symptoms, suggesting areas for best practice in this substance use context.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has shown preliminary efficacy for psychiatric and physical health conditions. Although some people report natur...