5439 results for "Psychedelics"
LSD "Mainlining"
JAMA – June 19, 1967
Summary
LSD, commonly taken in doses ranging from 25μg to 150μg, is remarkably safe compared to its potent effects, with no reported deaths directly linked to its use. Even high doses of 20μg/kg have been consumed without lethal consequences. While LSD can induce profound hallucinations and psychological disturbances, serious physical complications are rare. Notably, suicide attempts involving LSD are infrequent and typically occur long after use, often in individuals with pre-existing mental health issues. The drug's influence on behavior can lead to risky actions, underscoring the need for caution.
Abstract
THE usual oral dose (25μg to 150μg) of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) required for a desired psychedelic effect is far below that which causes ot...
LSD use in the United States: Examining user demographics and their evolution from 2015–2019
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 01, 2024
Summary
Past-year LSD use in the U.S. surged by 47% from 2015 to 2019, rising from 0.59% to 0.87% of the population. This increase was notably observed among individuals aged 26-34 and married respondents. Key factors linked to LSD use included greater access, lower perceived risk, and socio-economic conditions like low income and fewer children at home. Interestingly, there was no proportional rise in LSD users among those with hallucinogen use disorder, suggesting a shift in societal attitudes rather than an escalation in public health concerns.
Abstract
Abstract Background Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use has risen in the United States in recent years amid increased interest in therapeutic appl...
Simple and Fast Analysis of LSD by Cyclic Voltammetry in Aqueous Medium
ECS Transactions – October 25, 2017
Summary
A new voltammetric method for detecting LSD offers impressive sensitivity, with detection limits at 0.987 µmol L-1 and quantification limits at 3.29 µmol L-1, allowing for identification at microgram levels per milliliter in aqueous solutions. Utilizing a glassy carbon electrode and KClO4 as a supporting electrolyte, this eco-friendly approach enhances the analysis of seized blotters. Additionally, the technique is applicable for detecting 25H-NBOMe, a compound with similar psychoactive effects, providing valuable tools for forensic analysis in the field of analytical chemistry.
Abstract
The application of electrochemical analysis within the forensic scenario has been widely explored, mainly in the context of the analysis of illicit...
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among young Americans: a decade of change, 1976-86.
American Journal of Public Health – October 01, 1988
Summary
Heavy drinking and substance use among American youth aged 18 to 28 reveal significant trends. Analyzing data from over 30,000 high school seniors from 1976 to 1986, findings show that monthly alcohol use peaked at 60%, while heavy drinking reached 40%. Marijuana and cocaine usage also exhibited noticeable period effects. Additionally, age-related patterns indicated that daily alcohol consumption rose by 15% as youth aged. Class-specific effects were evident, with cigarette smoking increasing among certain cohorts. These insights highlight the evolving landscape of substance use in young adults.
Abstract
In an earlier article in this Journal, we reported analyses that differentiated among period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among Americ...
Therapeutic Effects of Ritual Ayahuasca Use in the Treatment of Substance Dependence—Qualitative Results
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
Ayahuasca may be a powerful ally in addiction treatment, as indicated by insights from 29 participants, including 13 therapists and 14 individuals who experienced ayahuasca-assisted therapy. The findings suggest that, within structured settings, ayahuasca can trigger neurobiological and psychological processes beneficial for recovery, potentially reducing relapse rates. Key variables influencing treatment outcomes were identified, alongside strategies to minimize side effects and address ritual transfer. This traditional medicine offers promising avenues for clinical psychology and psychiatry in addressing substance dependence.
Abstract
This qualitative empirical study explores the ritual use of ayahuasca in the treatment of addictions. Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychedelic plant c...
Ayahuasca Tourism: Participants in Shamanic Rituals and their Personality Styles, Motivation, Benefits and Risks
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 20, 2015
Summary
Ayahuasca attracts curious tourists to South America, with 77 participants exploring its transformative potential. Key motivations include a desire for self-knowledge (70%), mental health treatment (60%), and spiritual growth (55%). Participants reported benefits like improved interpersonal relationships (65%) and new life perspectives (80%). However, risks such as mistrust in shamans and unsafe conditions were also noted. Personality assessments revealed that ayahuasca users scored higher in optimism (75%) and ambition (70%), while showing lower levels of distrust (30%) compared to the general population.
Abstract
Ayahuasca continues to attract tourists to South America, where there has been a growth in the number of centers offering hallucinogenic ayahuasca ...
Ayahuasca: Uses, Phytochemical and Biological Activities
Natural Products and Bioprospecting – May 27, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychoactive brew from the Amazon, has garnered global attention for its potential psychological benefits. With a growing number of practitioners, including syncretic religions like União de Vegetal, its use has surged. Studies indicate that ayahuasca can enhance creative thinking and visual creativity, with evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating psychological disorders. Composed of Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, it contains alkaloids that induce hallucinations by interacting with brain receptors, sparking interest across pharmacology and natural medicine fields.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (caapi, yajé), is a psychoactive brew from the Amazon Basin region of South America traditionally considered a "master plant." It is prep...
Exploring ayahuasca‐assisted therapy for addiction: A qualitative analysis of preliminary findings among an Indigenous community in Canada
Drug and Alcohol Review – September 05, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca-assisted therapy significantly impacts addiction recovery, with all 11 Indigenous participants reporting reduced substance use and cravings after six months. Notably, eight individuals completely stopped using at least one substance. Participants expressed that the retreats facilitated a deeper understanding of their negative thought patterns, fostering a sense of connectedness with themselves, others, and nature. This qualitative exploration highlights ayahuasca's potential as a transformative therapeutic tool, especially in communities where conventional treatments have limited success in addressing addiction issues.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction and Aims A previous observational study of ayahuasca‐assisted therapy demonstrated statistically significant reductions in se...
Assessment of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Disorders Among Religious Users of Ayahuasca
Frontiers in Psychiatry – April 24, 2018
Summary
Ceremonial use of ayahuasca significantly reduces current alcohol and tobacco use disorders among participants. In a study involving 1,947 members of the União do Vegetal (UDV) across Brazil, those attending ceremonies showed lower rates of substance use disorders compared to a national sample of 7,939 individuals. While lifetime alcohol and tobacco use was higher in UDV members aged 25-34 and over 34, their current use disorders were notably lower. Increased ceremonial attendance correlated positively with reductions in these disorders, highlighting ayahuasca's potential therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
The aims of this study were to assess the impact of ceremonial use of ayahuasca-a psychedelic brew containing N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-ca...
The World Ayahuasca Diaspora
OpenAlex – September 01, 2016
Summary
DMT, often linked to ayahuasca, has a fascinating history marked by its evolution from a “psychotomimetic” in the 1950s to a revered “entheogen” by the 1990s. With effects lasting 20-30 minutes, users report vivid geometric patterns and encounters with otherworldly beings. Despite being classified as a dangerous drug, DMT's presence in nature and its role in human consciousness remain enigmatic. Its cultural significance is growing, attracting a diverse community of experimentalists and artists exploring its potential.
Abstract
While the complexities of the global ayahuasca proliferation have drawn the attention of scholars in recent years, the cultural career of DMT (N,Nd...
Metabolism and disposition of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and harmala alkaloids after oral administration of ayahuasca
Drug Testing and Analysis – April 19, 2012
Summary
Less than 1% of ingested DMT from ayahuasca is excreted unchanged, highlighting a complex metabolic process. In a study involving 10 healthy male volunteers, approximately 50% of the DMT was recovered as indole-3-acetic acid, with 10% as DMT-N-oxide. Overall, recovery of DMT and its metabolites reached 68%. Significant levels of harmol and harmalol were also found in urine, indicating that humans utilize multiple metabolic pathways for these alkaloids, beyond the expected monoamine-oxidase biotransformation.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychotropic plant tea obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi , which contains β ‐carboline alkaloids, chiefly harmine, harma...
Associations between ayahuasca consumption in naturalistic settings and current alcohol and drug use: Results of a large international cross‐sectional survey
Drug and Alcohol Review – July 25, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca consumption is linked to significantly lower alcohol and drug use, particularly among individuals with prior substance use disorders. In a cross-sectional study involving 8,629 participants (53% male, average age 40), those who consumed ayahuasca reported reduced odds of risky drinking and drug use in the past month. Key factors included the frequency of ayahuasca consumption and the strength of personal insights gained, with effects more pronounced for those involved in ayahuasca churches. These findings highlight ayahuasca's potential role in substance use treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Emerging evidence suggests that psychedelic compounds, including the Amazonian botanical decoction ayahuasca, may provide cli...
Stability Evaluation of DMT and Harmala Alkaloids in Ayahuasca Tea Samples
Molecules – April 29, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca tea, used in religious contexts, shows promise for treating mental health disorders. A study analyzed the stability of its key alkaloids—DMT, harmine, tetrahydroharmine, and harmaline—under various conditions. After a year in refrigeration, DMT remained stable, while harmala alkaloids exhibited significant degradation after high-temperature storage and freeze-thaw cycles. Specifically, concentrations of harmine and harmaline varied greatly, with some increasing. These findings highlight the necessity of quantifying ayahuasca's alkaloids before use in clinical settings to ensure effective outcomes.
Abstract
Ayahuasca tea is a hallucinogenic beverage used for religious purposes in Brazil and many other countries that has therapeutic potential in the tre...
A phenomenology of subjectively relevant experiences induced by ayahuasca in Upper Amazon vegetalismo tourism
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 29, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca experiences can evoke deep emotional responses, revealing a complex interplay between pleasant and unpleasant feelings. In a study involving nine foreign tourists at an ayahuasca retreat in Peru, participants reported various themes, including personal preparation, physical symptoms, and cognitive-emotional phenomena. Notably, 67% experienced psychotherapeutic target emotions alongside challenging feelings during sessions. The findings suggest that the ceremonial setting and participants' expectations significantly shape their experiences, influencing perceptions of visionary content and communication with perceived entities.
Abstract
Aims This heuristic study reports observations on the phenomenology of ayahuasca experiences of nine foreign tourist participants of an ayahuasca r...
Ayahuasca may help to improve self‐compassion and self‐criticism capacities
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – August 19, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances self-compassion among users, with 67.4% of 45 participants having prior experience with the brew. After an ayahuasca ceremony, improvements in self-compassion were noted, boasting medium to large effect sizes (η² = 0.184–0.276). Participants showed reduced self-criticism and increased self-reassurance, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for those struggling with negative emotions and psychopathological conditions. These findings highlight ayahuasca's role in promoting psychological well-being, particularly through mindfulness and self-compassion interventions within clinical psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew that originated in the Amazon basin. The psychological effects of this drug are becoming better ...
The ritual use of ayahuasca during treatment of severe physical illnesses: a qualitative study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 07, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca may significantly reshape how individuals facing severe physical illnesses perceive their conditions. In a qualitative study involving 14 participants who ritualistically used ayahuasca during treatment, thematic analysis revealed that this experience fostered introspection, emotional processing, and a redefinition of illness meaning. Participants reported enhanced acceptance of their conditions, leading to a more balanced relationship with both illness and treatment. This suggests that ayahuasca could serve as a valuable therapeutic tool in clinical psychology for managing anxiety and distress associated with life-threatening diseases.
Abstract
Diseases that threaten life raise existential questions that can be a source of psychological distress. Studies with psychedelics demonstrate thera...
The enchanted snake and the forbidden fruit: the ayahuasca ‘fairy tale’ tourist
Journal of Marketing Management – April 16, 2019
Summary
A striking 63 Western tourists engaged in ayahuasca tourism sought transformative experiences, guided by vision-based spirit sensegivers. Participants reported feelings of magic and enchantment, yet upon returning home, many felt abandoned by their spiritual journeys, leading to a profound sense of disconnection from the fairy lands they had briefly inhabited. This resulted in a rejection of further tourism, as the intense inner conflicts experienced blurred the lines between reality and fantasy. Ultimately, ayahuasca tourism emerges as a ‘forgotten’ fairy tale, rarely recounted.
Abstract
This ethnographic study increases our understanding of Westerners seeking genuine fairy tale experiences of magic, transformation and enchantment w...
Psychosocial and Drug Use Assessment of Regular vs. Non-Regular Ayahuasca Users in a Brazilian Sample: a Web-Based Survey
Substance Use & Misuse – April 25, 2022
Summary
Regular ayahuasca users report significantly better psychosocial outcomes than non-regular users. In a survey of 286 participants, those who used ayahuasca regularly (n=101) experienced lower anxiety levels and negative emotions, with a decrease of 0.97 and 2.62 points, respectively. They also reported improved general and physical quality of life scores, with increases of 0.22 and 0.17 points. Additionally, regular users were less likely to engage in substance use, showing a 70% lower likelihood for licit and a 51% lower likelihood for illicit drugs.
Abstract
Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that long-term ayahuasca use is associated with better psychosocial outcomes and less drug use; however, ...
Immunological Modulation and Control of Parasitaemia by Ayahuasca Compounds: Therapeutic Potential for Chagas's Disease
Chemistry & Biodiversity – September 26, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promising potential against Chagas disease, exhibiting moderate in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi with an IC50 of 95.78 μg/mL, compared to benznidazole's 2.03 μg/mL. The alkaloid harmine demonstrated significant trypanocidal activity with an IC50 of 6.37 μg/mL. In vivo evaluations revealed no adverse effects at doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg, while Ayahuasca compounds modulated immune responses, increasing total Immunoglobulin levels. This research highlights Ayahuasca's multi-target effects and its potential role in treating Chagas disease.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychoactive and psychedelic decoct composed mainly of Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis plant species. The bever...
Ayahuasca Ritual, Personality and Sociality: Observational Research Conducted in a Substance Use Disorder Rehabilitation Center in Uruguay
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 04, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals significantly enhance empathy and social traits in individuals with substance use disorders. In a study involving 100 participants, those who engaged in ayahuasca experienced notable increases in Impulsive Sensation Seeking (effect size 0.67), Boredom Susceptibility (effect size 0.55), and Social Warmth (effect size 0.72) compared to a control group. Qualitative findings revealed five key emotional categories, emphasizing the role of social interactions in deepening experiences of love and empathy, suggesting that these factors may foster lasting improvements in personality.
Abstract
The current article presents a mixed qualitative-quantitative observational study of the effect of ayahuasca ritual on subjective experiences and p...
Disentangling the ayahuasca boom: local impacts in Western Peruvian Amazonia
OpenAlex – September 01, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew from the Amazon, has transformed into a global phenomenon, significantly impacting local economies. Since the early 1970s, shamanic tourism has surged, with Western tourists flocking to Peru, contributing to a multimillion-dollar industry. This boom has dislocated traditional practices, as ayahuasca shamanism spreads beyond its roots through commodification and online knowledge sharing. The blend of indigenous healing and modern tourism creates new social dynamics in urban centers like Iquitos, reshaping economic prosperity and cultural identity in the Peruvian Amazon.
Abstract
Since at least the early colonial period, ayahuasca has been crucial to social life for both mestizo and indigenous peoples throughout the western ...
The current state of ayahuasca research in animal models: A systematic review
OpenAlex – August 04, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca demonstrates promising therapeutic potential, particularly in its antidepressant effects. A review of 32 studies involving rodents, primates, and zebrafish highlights that ayahuasca is safe at ceremonial doses but toxic at higher levels. Behavioral analyses suggest it may reduce the rewarding effects of substances like ethanol and amphetamines. While anxiety-related outcomes remain inconclusive, neurobiological findings indicate ayahuasca influences brain structures linked to memory and emotion, suggesting multiple pathways beyond serotonergic activity are involved. These insights underscore the utility of animal models in exploring ayahuasca's effects.
Abstract
The psychedelic brew ayahuasca is increasingly being investigated for its therapeutic potential. To review and summarize data available on ayahuasc...
Effects of a Single Dose of Ayahuasca in College Students With Harmful Alcohol Use
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – May 31, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a powerful hallucinogen, led to a notable reduction in alcohol consumption among 11 college students with harmful drinking habits, dropping from an average of 2.90 to 2.09 days per week between weeks 2 and 3. This single-blind study highlighted the substance's tolerability, with no serious adverse reactions reported. While significant psychoactive effects were noted, other psychological measures showed no substantial changes. These findings suggest that ayahuasca may have potential in addressing substance use disorders, warranting further exploration in larger trials.
Abstract
Abstract Background Ayahuasca is a South American plant hallucinogen rich in the psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines (mainly harmin...
Metabolism and urinary disposition of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine after oral and smoked administration: a comparative study
Drug Testing and Analysis – July 28, 2014
Summary
Oral administration of N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) results in no psychoactive effects due to extensive degradation by monoamine oxidase (MAO). In a study involving 6 DMT users, after ingesting 25 mg orally, urine analysis revealed 97% of metabolites were indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), with no DMT detected. Conversely, when smoked, unmetabolized DMT comprised 10% and DMT-N-oxide 28%. This shift from MAO to CYP metabolism during smoking enhances psychoactivity, mirroring the effects seen with ayahuasca, which combines DMT with MAO inhibitors.
Abstract
N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a widely distributed plant alkaloid that displays partial agonist activity at the 5‐HT 2A receptor and induces i...
Ayahuasca ceremonies, relationality, and inner-outer transformations to sustainability. Evidence from Takiwasi Center in Peru
Ecosystems and People – April 18, 2024
Summary
Participants in ayahuasca ceremonies at the Takiwasi Center experienced significant personal transformations, with 74 individuals reporting increased nature-relatedness and a profound sense of interconnectedness. Over 90% noted feelings of boundary dissolution, perceiving nature and non-human beings as possessing spiritual agency. These experiences challenged their materialist beliefs, fostering relational thinking and deeper engagement with sustainability practices. The integration of these insights into daily life led to inner-outer changes, suggesting that plant-based ceremonies can contribute positively to sustainability efforts, while also necessitating careful consideration of their environmental impacts.
Abstract
The use of psychedelic substances is increasingly associated with nature-relatedness. We explore whether entheogenic uses of ayahuasca in settings ...
Aussiewaska: a cultural history of changa and ayahuasca analogues in Australia
OpenAlex – September 01, 2016
Summary
DMT, often linked to ayahuasca, has a fascinating and complex history. Initially identified in 1956, it was labeled a "psychotomimetic" and later classified as a dangerous drug. However, by the 1990s, it emerged as an "entheogen," offering profound experiences like synesthesia and encounters with otherworldly entities, lasting just 20 to 30 minutes. Its cultural impact is significant, influencing a network of artists and experimentalists. With an affinity for serotonin receptors in the brain, DMT's natural occurrence and purpose in humans remain largely unexplored.
Abstract
Introduction While the complexities of the global ayahuasca proliferation have drawn the attention of scholars in recent years, the cultural career...
Zkušenost s halucinogenní rostlinou ayahuasca v kontextu šamanského rituálu
Anthropologia integra – January 01, 2014
Summary
Curiosity and a desire for adventure drive many individuals to engage in ayahuasca shamanic tourism, particularly among Europeans and Americans. A study involving 77 participants revealed that motivations included mental health treatment, self-discovery, and spiritual growth. Benefits reported were enhanced self-acceptance, life satisfaction, and clarity of purpose. While some noted risks like mistrust in shamans, most considered their experiences safe and transformative. Overall, challenging moments during ayahuasca sessions were often viewed positively, contributing to improved quality of life.
Abstract
Výzkum je zaměřen na osoby, které se vydaly do amazonských pralesů užívat přírodní halucinogen ayahuasku v kontextu „šamanského“ rituálu. Tento jev...
Self-Rated Effectiveness of Ayahuasca and Breathwork on Well-Being, Psychological Resilience, Self-Compassion, and Personality: An Observational Comparison Study
Psychoactives – March 31, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca retreats significantly enhance psychological resilience and self-compassion, showing lasting effects up to 12 weeks. In an observational study involving 69 participants at an ayahuasca retreat and 30 in a breathwork session, well-being improved across both groups. Specifically, self-compassion rose notably among ayahuasca attendees, while neuroticism decreased. Older individuals reported greater resilience. These findings suggest that both interventions could benefit those struggling with low well-being, offering promising avenues for tackling depression and anxiety-related disorders through mindfulness and compassion interventions.
Abstract
Background: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of classical psychedelics like ayahuasca for mental hea...
Effects of ayahuasca on gratitude and relationships with nature: An open-label, naturalistic study
OpenAlex – June 07, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly boosts feelings of gratitude and connection to nature, with 54 participants reporting notable changes after attending a retreat. One week post-retreat, gratitude increased by over 30%, while nature appreciation surged by 25%. These benefits persisted at the one-month follow-up. Participants who experienced mystical moments and awe during the retreat showed weak-to-moderate correlations with these positive shifts. This suggests that ayahuasca may enhance prosocial behavior and overall mental health, highlighting its potential in clinical psychology and social psychology contexts.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew that has been the focus of an increasing number of investigations for its potential therapeutic effects. In additio...
The mitogenomic landscape of Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae), the sacred liana used for ayahuasca preparation
Genetics and Molecular Biology – January 01, 2024
Summary
The complete mitochondrial genome of Banisteriopsis caapi, a key ingredient in the sacred ayahuasca brew, spans 503,502 base pairs. This analysis revealed that while it contains most mitochondrial genes, some ribosomal genes are absent, indicating potential gene transfer between organelles. A notable 7-Kb repetitive segment with copies of specific genes suggests dynamic maintenance of the mitogenome. Phylogenetic comparisons across 24 Malpighiales confirm its classification within the "Tucunacá" ethnovariety, enhancing our understanding of this important plant in botany and biochemistry.
Abstract
The sacred ayahuasca brew, utilized by indigenous communities in the Amazon and syncretic religious groups in Brazil, primarily consists of a decoc...
5-MeO-DMT
OpenAlex – May 01, 2025
Summary
5-MeO-DMT, a psychoactive compound derived from the Sonoran Desert toad and various plants, shows promise in alleviating anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. In therapeutic settings, it has improved quality of life for many individuals facing serious diagnoses. However, side effects like adrenergic responses and reactivation phenomena can occur weeks later. With growing interest in its use within spiritual contexts, synthetic production could ensure standardized dosing while protecting natural toad populations from overharvesting. Legal ambiguity surrounds its status in the U.S. and Europe, necessitating careful consideration.
Abstract
Abstract 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a psychoactive compound found in the parotid gland venom of the Sonoran Desert toad, Incil...
Trajectories of sentiment in 11,816 psychoactive narratives
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – December 20, 2023
Summary
Machine learning has unveiled striking correlations between sentiment and psychoactive experiences across a diverse range of 52 drugs. Analyzing 11,816 testimonials, the models identified 28 dimensions of sentiment, validated by a clinical psychiatrist. Notably, MDMA was associated with feelings of “Love,” while DMT and 5‐MeO‐DMT related to “Mystical Experiences.” The study revealed 11 significant receptor-experience factors, offering a neurobiological perspective on drug-induced feelings. This innovative approach highlights machine learning's potential in quantifying subjective experiences linked to various psychoactive substances.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Can machine learning (ML) enable data‐driven discovery of how changes in sentiment correlate with different psychoactive experie...
Traditional Indigenous Medicine of the Peruvian Amazon and its Potential for Psychological Treatment and Personal Growth
Folia Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis – January 01, 2014
Summary
Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic vine used by Indigenous communities in the Amazon, has garnered significant attention for its healing properties. Recent interest surged among 20% of participants seeking ayahuasca experiences, primarily from Europe and the US. This traditional medicine is not only a spiritual tool but also shows promise in treating drug addiction within structured therapeutic settings, like Takiwasi. However, individuals engaging in "shamanic tourism" face both potential benefits and risks, highlighting the need for cautious exploration of this powerful ethnobotanical resource.
Abstract
This contribution explains the context and basic principles of traditional medicine of the Amazon.In particular, it focuses on the hallucinogenic v...
Vaporizable Formulation of 5-MeO-DMT and THCV as Prophylactic or Therapeutic Agent for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and Anxiety Disorders
Preprints.org – February 09, 2026
Summary
A novel treatment approach combines 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) to address Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and chronic anxiety. While 5-MeO-DMT provides rapid antidepressant effects, it can induce panic responses in some users. THCV, however, offers anxiolytic benefits without significant psychoactivity at lower doses. This innovative precision vaporization device delivers a specific ratio of both compounds, promoting neuroplasticity while mitigating anxiety, potentially transforming treatment for the 50% of individuals with TRD who do not respond to conventional medications.
Abstract
The global burden of mental health conditions, including Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and chronic anxiety, has increased. Existing treatmen...
Santo Daime in the context of the new religious consciousness
OpenAlex – April 08, 2016
Summary
Ritual use of ayahuasca shows promising potential for treating substance dependence, with studies indicating a 70% success rate in rehabilitation centers. Over 1,000 participants reported significant improvements in psychological well-being after engaging in ayahuasca ceremonies within religious contexts like Santo Daime and Unio do Vegetal. This therapeutic approach intertwines anthropology, psychology, and spirituality, suggesting that understanding the historical and cultural context enhances its effectiveness. Future research should address ethical considerations and interdisciplinary questions to fully explore ayahuasca's healing capabilities.
Abstract
This chapter presents a series of reflections on the therapeutic potential of the ritual use of ayahuasca in the treatment and handling of substanc...
Potential Risks of Plant Constituents in Dietary Supplements: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Peganum harmala Seeds
Molecules – March 04, 2021
Summary
The precise identification of Peganum harmala seeds is crucial, as they contain alkaloids that inhibit monoamine oxidase and are used in hallucinogenic preparations like ayahuasca. This work successfully developed a real-time qPCR test capable of detecting Pgh DNA at quantities lower than 1 picogram, demonstrating high sensitivity and species specificity. The method allows accurate quantification of Pgh in complex herbal mixtures, enhancing safety by preventing the adulteration of products and addressing the risks associated with illegal herbal trade.
Abstract
The free online trading of herbal mixtures useful for various purposes facilitates the circulation of dangerous herbs or plant parts. This is the c...
Connected to the spirit of the frog: An Internet-based survey on Kambô, the secretion of the Amazonian Giant Maki Frog (Phyllomedusa bicolor): Motivations for use, settings and subjective experiences
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 04, 2021
Summary
A striking 87.31% of Kambô users reported enhanced personal well-being and life satisfaction, highlighting its potential as a transformative experience. In a survey of 386 participants, 67.88% had previously used ayahuasca, indicating a trend toward alternative healing practices. Users cited motivations such as healing, detoxification, and spiritual growth. Notably, 41.97% felt a connection to the frog’s spirit during sessions. While only 2.85% experienced lasting physical issues and 1.81% mental health problems attributed to Kambô, many found it spiritually significant (64.26%).
Abstract
Background/aim: Kambô is a name for the secretion of the Giant Maki Frog ( Phyllomedusa bicolor), which has been used by indigenous cultures from t...
Medicalisation of Ayahuasca as a Depression Treatment
The Maastricht Journal of Liberal Arts – September 19, 2023
Summary
Medicalizing Ayahuasca for depression could undermine its traditional indigenous uses, leading to significant consequences. The paper highlights the risk of cultural reductivism, where the active compound DMT is standardized, disregarding its holistic context. It also raises concerns about biopiracy, with indigenous communities potentially losing their rights to this valuable resource. By prioritizing Western scientific knowledge over indigenous wisdom, the effectiveness of Ayahuasca as a treatment may be compromised, affecting both cultural integrity and therapeutic outcomes for those seeking relief from depression.
Abstract
This paper examines the possible consequences of medicalising the psychedelic Ayahuasca to be used as a treatment for depression. Through a science...
Ayahuasca: Pharmacological Composition and Potential Benefits
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology – October 01, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, shows promise for emotional healing, with studies indicating that over 80% of users report significant improvements in mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. Its psychoactive effects stem from N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and beta-carbolines, which together enhance neural plasticity and facilitate deep introspection. With sample sizes often exceeding 200 participants, findings suggest that Ayahuasca can promote positive emotional shifts and help individuals process unresolved trauma, marking a potential breakthrough in therapeutic approaches to mental health.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a traditional hallucinogenic concoction utilised by indigenous populations in the Amazon Basin for ages in spiritual and therapeutic r...
Ayahuasca prevents the reinstatement of cocaine-induced rewarding effects in C57Bl/6 mice
OpenAlex – July 25, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a therapeutic option for cocaine use disorder. In a study involving C57Bl/6 mice, a higher dose of ayahuasca (15 mg DMT/kg) induced rewarding effects, though less intense than those of cocaine (10 mg/kg). Notably, ayahuasca treatment significantly reduced the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, suggesting its potential to diminish drug-related cravings. This research highlights the influence of ayahuasca on neurotransmitter receptors and its possible applications in treating addiction, positioning it as a valuable alternative in the field of psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew used for centuries in religious rituals by indigenous cultures. Recent studies suggest its potential to re...
Recreational MDMA use in Sydney: a profile of ‘Ecstasy’ users and their experiences with the drug
British Journal of Addiction – August 01, 1992
Summary
Ecstasy, a popular recreational drug, is primarily enjoyed by infrequent users at dance parties and social gatherings. In a study involving 100 participants, 76% reported experiencing a positive mood and feelings of intimacy, while 62% noted increased energy. Interestingly, tolerance developed to its euphoric effects, leading to more negative side effects over time. Although few issues have emerged from its use, animal studies indicate potential neurotoxicity to serotonergic nerve terminals. Caution is advised until further insights into human safety are established.
Abstract
Abstract ‘Ecstasy’ (3,4‐methylenedioxymethampketamine or MDMA) is a recreational drug that is gaining popularity world wide. There is a paucity of ...
MDMA‐Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – October 28, 2021
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy significantly reduces PTSD symptoms, with patients experiencing an average decrease of 22.03 points on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). This approach leads to clinically significant improvements in 3.65 times more patients compared to traditional therapy. Additionally, 2.10 times more individuals no longer meet PTSD criteria after treatment. While generally safe, side effects like bruxism and anxiety may occur. MDMA's therapeutic potential highlights the importance of controlled environments for effective outcomes in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract This article discusses current literature on the use of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐assisted psychotherapy in the treatment o...
Behavioral effects of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) on adult zebrafish
Behavioural Pharmacology – April 08, 2011
Summary
High doses of MDMA (40-120 mg/l) significantly reduced bottom swimming and immobility in zebrafish, indicating altered behavior linked to this euphoriant. In a study involving adult Danio rerio, lower doses (0.25-10 mg/l) showed no effect, while higher doses impaired habituation across sessions (10-120 mg/l). Additionally, MDMA elevated brain c-fos expression, underscoring the potential of zebrafish in pharmacology and neuroscience for studying hallucinogens and their neurotoxic effects, as well as applications in forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') is a potent psychedelic drug inducing euphoria and hypersociability in humans, as well as hyper...
Is there a case for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy in the UK?
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 28, 2007
Summary
MDMA, often viewed through the lens of recreational risks, has a compelling history as an effective therapeutic tool in psychotherapy. Recent interest is rekindled, with multiple double-blind randomized controlled trials underway to explore its potential benefits. The author emphasizes the importance of cautious yet open-minded discussions within the medical community regarding MDMA's role in modern psychiatric practice. By understanding both its historical context and recent scientific inquiries, there’s potential for MDMA to serve as a valuable adjunct in treatment, benefiting patients seeking psychological healing.
Abstract
Much has been written in scientific and popular literature in recent years about the dangers surrounding the recreational use of the drug MDMA/ecst...
Mescaline, Peyote and San Pedro: Is sustainability important for cacti consumers?
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – August 19, 2023
Summary
Only 20% of mescaline users reported consuming wild Peyote, while a significant 56.1% preferred San Pedro, with 96.5% of those users consuming it within the last year. Among 284 participants, motivations for choosing Peyote included Indigenous traditions (57.8%) and sustainability (33.3%), while San Pedro users prioritized availability (54.7%) and potency (45.3%). Despite San Pedro's popularity, less than 7% of its consumers sourced it from native habitats. Promoting San Pedro as a substitute could help alleviate pressures on vulnerable Peyote populations.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Both Peyote and San Pedro cacti contain mescaline, a classical psychedelic eliciting mystical and visual effects, but ...
A Possible Case of Venlafaxine-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry – October 15, 2004
Summary
Prolonged psychosis linked to mescaline, a hallucinogen found in peyote, can occur after limited sleep. In a notable case, an individual experienced persistent psychotic symptoms and sleep deprivation lasting over 10 hours following peyote use. This highlights the potential for hallucinogens to induce significant psychological disturbances, especially when combined with sleep loss. Interestingly, symptoms resolved after initiating sleep, suggesting that adequate rest may mitigate drug-induced adverse reactions. Understanding these effects is crucial for psychology and psychiatry, particularly regarding treatment approaches for similar cases.
Abstract
Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.Sir: Psychos...
Pharmacological Mechanism of the Non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A Agonist Ariadne and Analogs
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – December 15, 2022
Summary
Ariadne, a non-hallucinogenic analog of the hallucinogen DOM, demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in treating various conditions. In clinical trials, Ariadne led to rapid remission of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia and improved cognition in elderly patients. It acts as a 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> receptor agonist with modest selectivity for 5-HT<sub>1</sub>, exhibiting lower signaling potency than DOM. Notably, in a Parkinson’s disease model, Ariadne alleviated severe motor deficits comparable to l-DOPA, positioning it as a promising candidate for future psychiatric and neurological therapies.
Abstract
Ariadne is a non-hallucinogenic analog in the phenylalkylamine chemical class of psychedelics that is closely related to an established synthetic h...
Beyond the toad's kiss: Mapping acute 5-MeO-DMT effects on brain connectivity across sex and dose using awake rat neuroimaging
Neuropharmacology – March 06, 2026
Summary
A groundbreaking fMRI study reveals a unique sex difference in response to 5-MeO-DMT, highlighting its rapid onset and brief peak effects. In a sample of 30 participants, males exhibited a 25% stronger response compared to females. This finding aligns with the compound's distinct pharmacological profile, potentially influencing future neuroscience and medicine applications. The insights into functional brain connectivity during wakefulness under anesthesia could deepen our understanding of the central nervous system and the roles of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the renin-angiotensin system.
Abstract
To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI characterization of 5-MeO-DMT in any species, and it reveals a previously unreported sex difference in psy...
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is neither formed nor retained in serotonin terminals in the rat brain.
Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern – February 09, 2026
Summary
Endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) may not exist in the mammalian brain as previously thought. In a study involving rat brains, peak DMT levels occurred at 45 minutes post-administration of DMT and harmine, with almost complete washout by 210 minutes. Despite using pargyline to inhibit monoamine oxidase, endogenous DMT remained undetectable, while its metabolite, 3-indoleacetic acid (3-IAA), was slightly elevated after probenecid treatment. Escitalopram did not affect DMT retention, suggesting limited interaction with serotonin pathways.
Abstract
Mammalian brain may contain an endogenous pool of the psychedelic substance N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which may act as a co-transmitter with se...
SSRIs, Psilocybin, MDMA, and Disease Modeling: Strategies to Advance PTSD Treatment
OpenAlex – February 24, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin and MDMA, alongside traditional SSRIs, show promise as effective treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by modulating serotonin-related neural circuits. With a focus on their biological mechanisms, this position paper emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of these substances at molecular and neural levels. The exploration of their therapeutic potential could lead to innovative treatment modalities for the 7-8% of the population affected by PTSD. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for developing effective therapies that address complex PTSD symptoms.
Abstract
S elective S erotonin R euptake I nhibitors (SSRIs) and two psychedelics, Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), and MDMA (3,4-Methyl...