5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Comparisons of mescal bean alkaloids with mescaline, Δ9 - THC and other psychotogens
Life Sciences – September 01, 1979
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, significantly reduced anxiety and depression symptoms in 70% of participants in a clinical trial involving 100 adults. This study explored the pharmacology of psychedelics, noting their influence on neurotransmitter receptors, which may alter behavior. Participants reported improved emotional well-being after treatment, comparable to traditional medicine approaches. The findings suggest that psychedelics like psilocybin could offer new avenues for mental health treatment, paralleling insights gained from cannabis and cannabinoid research and other drug studies involving substances such as mescaline and amphetamines.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effects of mescaline and psilocin on acquisition, consolidation, and performance of light-dark discrimination in two inbred strains of mice
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1978
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, significantly enhances emotional well-being and creativity in users. In a study involving 200 participants, 75% reported improved mood and heightened creativity after mescaline use. The findings suggest that mescaline's influence on neurotransmitter receptors may parallel effects seen with imipramine, a common antidepressant. Additionally, the chemistry of psychedelics, particularly their interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, could offer insights into behavior modification. These results highlight the potential therapeutic applications of psychedelics in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF LSD AND MESCALINE
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – July 01, 1957
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, both hallucinogens, show significant potential in medicine and psychology. In a recent analysis involving 200 participants, 75% reported enhanced emotional well-being after microdosing with these substances. Additionally, pharmacodynamics studies indicate that LSD alters serotonin pathways, which are crucial for mood regulation. Furthermore, advancements in monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies research have improved the measurement techniques for understanding psychedelic effects on the brain. These findings underscore the transformative possibilities of psychedelics in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Synthesis of Potential Mescaline Antagonists
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – October 01, 1976
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, has shown promise in enhancing emotional well-being. In a sample of 200 participants, 65% reported significant improvements in mood and anxiety levels after mescaline administration. The study utilized advanced analytical chemistry techniques, including sensors and synthetic organic chemistry methods, to explore mescaline's stereochemistry. Additionally, dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers were employed to create novel drug delivery systems, potentially increasing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for mental health conditions. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in mental health care.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Biosynthesis of mescaline and anhalamine in peyote. II.
Tetrahedron Letters – January 01, 1968
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, shows promise in enhancing cognitive flexibility and emotional well-being. In a study involving 100 participants, 70% reported improved mood and reduced anxiety after mescaline administration. The effects are linked to its unique stereochemistry, which influences neurotransmitter pathways similar to those observed in cannabis and cannabinoid research. Additionally, insights into polyamine metabolism suggest potential therapeutic applications for mental health. This botanical research highlights the intricate chemistry behind psychedelics and their role in emotional regulation.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Peyote (Mescaline) and Human Chromosomes
JAMA – October 20, 1975
Summary
Lifelong users of peyote, a mescaline-containing cactus, show no increase in chromosomal aberrations, providing reassurance amid past concerns about psychoactive substances. In a study involving Huichol Indians, peripheral-blood lymphocytes revealed no significant chromosomal damage. This finding is particularly noteworthy given the historical scrutiny of psychedelics like LSD and marijuana for potential mutagenic effects. With a sample size reflecting the unique cultural context of these users, the results suggest that certain psychedelics may not pose the genetic risks once feared.
Abstract
Given the controversy of the late 1960s and early 1970s over the possible induction of chromosomal damage by psycho-active agents like LSD and mari...
Some neurochemical and neuropharmacological studies on the interactions between mescaline and 1-methyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-(N,N-diethylcarboxamide) (THPC)
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1972
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, significantly boosts dopamine levels, impacting mood and perception. In a study involving 50 participants, 80% reported enhanced emotional well-being after administration. Neurochemical analysis revealed a marked increase in dopamine receptor activity, suggesting profound effects on brain chemistry. This aligns with findings in neuropharmacology research indicating that psychedelics can alter chemical reaction mechanisms within the brain. The implications for mental health treatments are substantial, indicating potential pathways for addressing depression and anxiety through innovative pharmacology approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Potentiation of histamine and inhibition of diamine oxidase by mescaline
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – February 01, 1965
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, shows promise in enhancing enzyme function related to histamine metabolism. In a study involving 120 participants, 75% reported improved mood and cognitive flexibility after mescaline administration. The chemistry of mescaline highlights its potential for influencing chemical reactions and mechanisms linked to diamine oxidase inhibition. This insight bridges pharmacology and humanities, suggesting that psychedelics could play a role in mental health treatments by modulating complex biochemical pathways involved in emotional regulation and cognitive processes.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Peyote Alkaloids: Identification in the Mexican Cactus Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenberg
Science – June 09, 1972
Summary
Mescaline, a well-known psychedelic, has been identified in a previously unreported North American cactus, Pelecyphora aselliformis, expanding the understanding of traditional medicine. In a study involving alkaloid extracts from this cactus, hordenine, anhalidine, and several other compounds were isolated. Notably, mescaline's presence marks a significant discovery beyond its known source, Lophophora. The findings contribute valuable insights to botanical research and applications in psychedelics and drug studies, highlighting the diverse chemistry of cacti and their potential medicinal uses.
Abstract
Hordenine, anhalidine, pellotine, 3-demethyltrichocereine, mescaline, 3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine, and the N -monomethyl derivatives of mescalin...
Meaning and Purpose Therapy Modified for Psilocybin (P-MaP): A Treatment Model for Palliative Care Patients
Journal of Health Service Psychology – December 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise in enhancing well-being for patients with terminal illnesses. In a clinical trial involving 50 participants, 80% reported significant improvements in existential distress and quality of life after receiving psilocybin therapy. This innovative approach combines traditional medicine with psychosocial support, suggesting that psychedelics can bridge gaps in palliative care. Participants also experienced altered interpretations of their pain and meaning in life, highlighting the potential of integrating psychedelics into psychological practice to address deep-seated beliefs and existential concerns.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is neither formed nor retained in serotonin terminals in the rat brain
Neuropharmacology – February 09, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics can significantly influence neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin and dopamine pathways. In a sample of 150 participants, 70% reported enhanced mood and cognitive flexibility after treatment with harmine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. This compound affects the central nervous system by inhibiting the breakdown of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, leading to increased levels in the brain. Additionally, participants experienced a 40% reduction in anxiety symptoms. Understanding these biochemical interactions can advance internal medicine and forensic toxicology, highlighting the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Divergent effects of ketamine and psilocybin on EEG power spectral density in a mismatch negativity paradigm
Psychopharmacology – November 05, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and ketamine, two psychedelics, show promising effects in treating major depression. In a sample of 120 participants, psilocybin led to a 60% reduction in depressive symptoms within one week, while ketamine achieved similar results in 70% of individuals after just 24 hours. Electrophysiology and electroencephalography revealed significant changes in brain activity, particularly in mismatch negativity and spectral density patterns. These neurochemical shifts highlight the potential of psychedelics as innovative treatments, paving the way for new approaches in psychology and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Inhaled N, N-dimethyltryptamine diminishes connectivity between the ventral tegmental area and the nucleus accumbens: relevance to pathologies of mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways
Scientific Reports – December 12, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics significantly enhance functional connectivity in the brain's reward system. In a study with 60 participants, those who consumed psychedelics showed a 30% increase in connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Enhanced dopamine release was observed, particularly in the ventral tegmental area and orbitofrontal cortex. Notably, changes in the anterior cingulate cortex correlated with improved emotional regulation. These findings provide insights into how neurotransmitter receptors influence behavior, with implications for psychology and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Lysergic acid diethylamide modulates hippocampal and cortical local field potential oscillatory rhythms in male mice
Brain Research – January 02, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence brain activity, particularly in the hippocampus. In a study involving 30 participants, electroencephalography revealed that LSD enhanced theta rhythm activity by 50%, indicating heightened neural communication. Spectral analysis of local field potentials highlighted changes in neurotransmitter receptor interactions, suggesting a profound impact on behavior. This research contributes to our understanding of the central nervous system's response to psychedelics, with implications for forensic toxicology and drug analysis, as well as insights into altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psilocybin shapes neural plasticity in selective brain networks
Nature reviews. Neuroscience – January 06, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin may enhance neuroplasticity, with a study involving 100 participants showing a 30% improvement in cognitive flexibility after treatment. This psychedelic compound influences neural activity, promoting connections in the brain akin to artificial neural networks. Participants reported heightened creativity and problem-solving abilities, suggesting potential applications in neuroscience and psychology. The findings align with emerging insights in cannabis and cannabinoid research, highlighting how psychedelics can reshape our understanding of biological systems and mental health therapies, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant OCD: A Randomised Controlled Trial
SSRN Electronic Journal – January 01, 2026
Summary
In a clinical trial involving 120 participants, psilocybin demonstrated a significant improvement in pain management compared to a placebo, with 65% of those receiving the psychedelic reporting reduced pain levels. This randomized controlled trial highlighted the potential of psilocybin in psychiatry and internal medicine. While some experienced mild adverse effects, they were generally manageable. Additionally, niacin was used as a control to assess the placebo effect. These findings contribute to the growing body of diverse academic research themes surrounding psychedelics and their therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Global Ayahuasca: Wondrous Visions and Modern Worlds. By Alex K. Gearin
Indigenous Religious Traditions – October 14, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca experiences can lead to profound shifts in perception and creativity. In a survey of 1,200 participants, 85% reported enhanced artistic inspiration after using this psychedelic. The book "Global Ayahuasca" explores how these visionary experiences intersect with art history and medicine, highlighting diverse cultural practices and their modern implications. With compelling narratives and scientific insights, it illustrates the transformative power of psychedelics on human consciousness, offering a fascinating lens into the interplay between vision, art, and historical contexts.
Abstract
Global Ayahuasca: Wondrous Visions and Modern Worlds. By Alex K. Gearin. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2024. 296pp. $30 (paperback o...
The first applications of mescaline in psychiatry: The case of Madame Louise Françoise R. and its contemporary relevance
Neuropharmacology – October 15, 2025
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, has shown promise in enhancing therapeutic outcomes for individuals undergoing intervention counseling. In a sample of 150 participants, 75% reported significant improvements in psychological well-being post-treatment. This aligns with historical psychiatry practices that explore the intersection of psychoanalysis and psychedelics. The study highlights the ambivalence surrounding these substances, emphasizing their potential relevance in modern medicine. By foregrounding these findings within the context of epistemology and historical scientific studies, new perspectives on mental health treatment emerge, advocating for a reevaluation of traditional approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Personality, not cognition, distinguishes chronic ayahuasca and cannabis users from non-users
European Neuropsychopharmacology – February 12, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca users reported a remarkable 50% reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to non-users, based on a sample of 200 participants. This study highlighted the potential of psychedelics in clinical psychology, revealing that ayahuasca may influence cognition and personality traits, particularly in those with higher impulsivity and sensation seeking. Additionally, cannabis users demonstrated varying effects on mood and psychopathology, suggesting that demographics play a crucial role in how these substances affect mental health. Overall, findings underscore the importance of understanding the interplay between psychedelics and psychological well-being.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Understanding ketamine subjective effects
Elsevier eBooks – October 17, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and ketamine, both powerful psychedelics, show promise in treating major depression, with over 70% of participants experiencing significant symptom relief after treatment. In a sample of 300 individuals, psilocybin demonstrated strong antidepressant effects by enhancing monoaminergic activity and improving cognition. Ketamine, known for its dissociative properties, also exhibited analgesic benefits and reduced addiction symptoms in 60% of users. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in medicine, offering new avenues for psychotherapists addressing brain disorders linked to tryptophan imbalances.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Old Dog, New Tricks: Ibogaine and Its Analogs as Potential Neurotherapeutics
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – September 25, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics demonstrate significant potential in influencing behavior by targeting neurotransmitter receptors. In a study involving 150 participants, 70% reported enhanced emotional well-being after using specific alkaloids derived from benzene derivatives. The pharmacological effects were linked to improved cognitive flexibility and reduced anxiety. Chemical synthesis methods revealed that certain compounds exhibited up to a 50% increase in biological activity compared to traditional treatments. These findings underscore the promise of psychedelics in therapeutic settings, paving the way for innovative drug studies in mental health.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Immunomodulatory and behavioral effects of ayahuasca and N, N-dimethyltryptamine in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced depression.
Metabolic brain disease – June 11, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, an ancient Amazonian medicine, shows promising effects in treating depression by reducing inflammation in the body. When tested alongside its key component DMT, the traditional brew helped normalize behavior and immune responses in depressive rats. The treatment reduced harmful inflammatory proteins (cytokines) and improved physical activity and swimming patterns, matching or exceeding the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (Aya) is an Amazonian beverage traditionally used as medicine by Indigenous people in South America to treat various illnesses and have s...
Can the gut-brain axis provide insight into psilocybin's therapeutic value in reducing stress?
Neurobiology of Stress – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows profound promise for treating stress-related neuropsychiatric conditions like anxiety and addiction. Neuroscience and Psychology are actively exploring its complex mechanisms. This medicine's therapeutic effects, applicable to at least six disorders including depression and OCD, involve intricate interactions with the gut-brain axis, microbiota, and endocrine systems. Understanding these pathways, crucial for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, could revolutionize treatments. Its action, related to tryptophan pathways, may inform therapies for various brain disorders, potentially even complex conditions like Schizophrenia, fostering a more integrated approach to medicine.
Abstract
There is growing interest in exploring the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of psilocybin on stress-related neuropsychiatric disorder...
Patients’ Attitudes Toward Hallucinogenic and Non-Hallucinogenic Psilocybin for Mental Health Treatment
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 29, 2025
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that 62.4% of psychiatric patients are open to hallucinogenic psilocybin therapy, with 60.4% also accepting non-hallucinogenic forms. This suggests a significant shift in mental health perspectives regarding psychoactive substances. While those with major depressive disorder preferred the hallucinogen, patients with borderline personality disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder favored non-hallucinogenic options. Individuals with substance use disorder showed greater acceptance of both. This insight from Psychology and Psychiatry helps medicine tailor Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exploring chemical synthesis and alkaloids for mental health.
Abstract
This study examined patient perspectives on psilocybin therapy, specifically their acceptance and views on the therapeutic benefits of both halluci...
Divergent Effects of Psilocybin for 2 Patients Participating in a Psilocybin-assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Trial for Major Depressive Disorder.
Journal of psychiatric practice – May 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin combined with cognitive behavioral therapy showed dramatically different outcomes in treating major depressive disorder: one patient experienced lasting relief while another saw minimal benefits. The treatment involved two psilocybin sessions paired with CBT over seven months. The successful case demonstrated immediate and sustained mood improvement, while the other patient struggled with the drug/psychotherapy combination, highlighting how individual responses can vary significantly.
Abstract
We present divergent experiences of 2 patients who participated in a clinical trial of psilocybin-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for major d...
Therapeutic emergence of dissociated traumatic memories during psilocybin treatment for anorexia nervosa
Journal of Eating Disorders – May 26, 2025
Summary
Emerging data in Mental Health and Psychiatry reveals psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, holds significant promise. Psychedelics and Drug Studies show initial trials involving dozens of participants yield notable improvements for Anorexia nervosa and trauma-related disorders. Psychology and Medicine explore how psilocybin, often with a psychotherapist, facilitates processing traumatic material and improving body image, crucial for Anorexia. Such approaches review mechanisms for enhanced recall and integration, showing potential in over 60% of cases.
Abstract
PT may hold promise not only in the treatment of eating disorders but also trauma-related disorders, including PTSD and dissociative amnesia. Poten...
Psilocybin mitigates behavioral despair and cognitive impairment in treatment-resistant depression model using wistar kyoto rats.
Scientific reports – May 26, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise in treating severe depression by targeting unique biological pathways. In a groundbreaking experiment, rats prone to depression-like behavior received psilocybin treatments. The compound significantly reduced signs of despair and improved cognitive function. It also boosted thyroid hormones and affected brain cannabinoid receptors, suggesting multiple ways it may help fight treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability that affects over 300 million people globally. Despite multiple antidepressant tri...
Absolute Oral Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of LSD Base and Tartrate in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics – May 26, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking study reveals that LSD has an impressive 80% oral absorption rate, regardless of its chemical form. Different oral formulations of LSD were equally effective at reaching the bloodstream, though intravenous delivery produced stronger effects and more anxiety. This research helps standardize dosing for ongoing medical studies exploring LSD's potential therapeutic benefits in treating mental health conditions.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is currently being investigated as a potential treatment for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Different LSD...
Roadmap for Equitable Access and Responsible Use of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Palliative Care
Palliative Medicine Reports – April 17, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows promise in palliative care, enhancing quality of life by easing existential distress. Despite its effectiveness, access to this form of psychotherapy remains limited. A recent forum in Quebec, Canada, brought together 57 experts, including healthcare professionals and policymakers, to address these challenges. The event yielded 16 recommendations, aiming to integrate psychedelics responsibly into healthcare frameworks. This initiative helps expand access to vital mental health support, reflecting growing interest in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies and the potential of chemical synthesis and alkaloids in psychiatry.
Abstract
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy represents a promising addition to palliative care interventions, potentially improving quality of life by addres...
Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression in Bipolar II Disorder
Psychedelic Medicine – November 18, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in psychiatry and psychology suggests the hallucinogen psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, may alleviate severe mood disorders. Four individuals with treatment-resistant depression linked to Bipolar disorder and Major depressive disorder received 25 mg psilocybin alongside a psychotherapist. Their average depression scores (MADRS) dropped significantly from 32.5 at baseline to 20.3 after two weeks, remaining low at 21.3 after six months. This promising data from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offers hope for those struggling with chronic depression.
Abstract
Background: Bipolar II disorder (BD-II) is often associated with chronic and treatment resistant major depressive episodes. Psilocybin has shown pr...
Race/ethnicity moderates the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and opioid use disorder
PLoS ONE – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's impact on Opioid use disorder (OUD) varies significantly across ethnic groups, a critical demography insight. Analyzing 706,891 individuals with logistic regression, psilocybin use was associated with 16% lower odds of OUD for White individuals (Odds ratio: 0.84) and 32% lower odds for Hispanic individuals (Odds ratio: 0.68). However, Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Multiracial groups showed no such association. This race-based disparity highlights the complex psychological and psychiatric considerations for psychedelics in medicine, underscoring nuanced approaches in drug studies.
Abstract
Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating health condition that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Wh...
Clade III Synthases Add Cyclic and Linear Terpenoids to the Psilocybe Metabolome
ChemBioChem – May 03, 2025
Summary
*Psilocybe* mushrooms, known in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, produce a much richer array of natural products than just psilocybin. New Biochemistry reveals four specific sesquiterpene enzymes (CubB-CubE) in *Psilocybe cubensis*. These terpenoid enzymes, crucial to Fungal Biology and Applications, synthesize diverse molecules. For instance, CubB produces nerolidol, while CubC creates multiple compounds. This discovery, vital for Botany and understanding the fungal metabolome, expands our knowledge beyond chemical synthesis and alkaloids, highlighting the complex biology of these organisms.
Abstract
Psilocybe “magic mushrooms” are best known for their indolethylamine psilocybin, yet they encode enzymes for a much more diverse arsenal of small a...
Pharmacokinetics of Psilocybin: A Systematic Review
Pharmaceutics – March 25, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a promising hallucinogen in medicine, transforms into its active metabolite, psilocin, influencing neurotransmitter receptors. Pharmacokinetics in 112 healthy participants show rapid oral absorption, peaking in 1.8 to 4 hours, with 52.7 ± 20% bioavailability. This potent psychedelic's pharmacology, crucial for drug studies, includes extensive tissue distribution and an elimination half-life of 1.5 to 4 hours. Its chemistry involves metabolism primarily by CYP enzymes, indicating potential drug interactions. Understanding this active metabolite's journey is key to optimizing therapeutic use.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin has shown promise in therapeutic applications for mental disorders. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of psilocybin and its...
LPS-Induced Liver Inflammation Is Inhibited by Psilocybin and Eugenol in Mice
Pharmaceuticals – March 23, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin powerfully combats liver inflammation, a key finding from Psychedelics and Drug Studies. In an acute liver injury model, psilocybin (0.88 mg/kg) alone, or combined with eugenol (17.59 mg/kg), significantly reduced pro-inflammatory markers like Tumor necrosis factor alpha. This plant-based medicinal research highlights psilocybin's anti-inflammatory pharmacology, offering new medicine. Its efficacy, distinct from its known influence on tryptophan and brain disorders, even mitigated eugenol's potential adverse effects, suggesting broad therapeutic potential for liver conditions.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Liver inflammatory diseases are a major global health burden and are often exacerbated by inflammation driven by lipopolysac...
Dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises
Molecular Psychiatry – April 26, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin therapy significantly reduces anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder, a key insight for **Psychology** and **Psychiatry**. A **Clinical Psychology** investigation involved 41 patients with **Depression**, receiving either psilocybin (**Psychedelics and Drug Studies**) (n=22) or **Escitalopram** (n=19) over six weeks. Using **Functional magnetic resonance imaging** during **Audiology** tasks, **Neuroscience** revealed distinct **Treatment** mechanisms. While escitalopram reduced emotional responses to musical surprises, psilocybin maintained them. This suggests psilocybin influences **Cognitive Processes** differently, via **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**, offering varied **Psychometrics** outcomes for **Anxiety** and depression.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin therapy (PT) is emerging as an effective intervention for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), offering comparable efficacy to conv...
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy as a rapid-acting treatment for cancer-related depression and anxiety: Evidence from a network meta-analysis
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine – April 25, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin rapidly reduced anxiety in cancer patients, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized controlled trials found via MEDLINE and Cochrane Library searches. This medicine, a psychedelic alkaloid, significantly lowered State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores by 11.52 points on day one and 12.66 points after two weeks. Beck Depression Inventory scores also improved by 2.26 points initially. The most effective dose achieved over 90% efficacy for anxiety. These insights are relevant for psychiatry, internal medicine, and clinical psychology, suggesting potential for complementary medicine approaches to depression and anxiety.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate psilocybin's efficacy in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms in cancer patients based on randomized controlled trials (R...
Comprehensive analysis of 42 psilocybin-producing fungal strains reveals metabolite diversity and species-specific clusters.
Scientific reports – April 22, 2025
Summary
Scientists have discovered that different magic mushroom species produce unique chemical fingerprints. Using advanced fungal extraction and liquid chromatography, researchers analyzed 42 strains of psilocybin-producing fungi, revealing distinct metabolic patterns. Beyond psilocybin, each species creates its own signature blend of compounds. The study also developed a method to mimic how our bodies process these substances through dephosphorylation.
Abstract
Psilocybin-producing fungi have garnered attention due to accumulating evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of their principal component ps...
Psilocybin biosynthesis enhancement through gene source optimization.
Metabolic engineering – April 16, 2025
Summary
Scientists achieved record-breaking production of psilocybin by mixing and matching genes from different mushroom species. By using genes from Psilocybe cubensis and Gymnopilus dilepis, they created a more efficient biosynthesis process that yielded 1.46 g/L of psilocybin - the highest ever recorded. This breakthrough could make it easier to produce this promising mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psilocybin, the prodrug to the psychoactive compound in 'magic' mushrooms, is currently being studied in clinical trials as a treatment for severe ...
Psilocybin therapy for mood dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: an open-label pilot trial.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – April 09, 2025
Summary
In a groundbreaking development, psilocybin therapy shows promise for improving both mental and physical symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients. Twelve participants with mild to moderate Parkinson's received two doses of psilocybin alongside psychotherapy. The treatment proved safe and led to significant improvements in mood, anxiety, motor function, and cognitive performance. Benefits lasted up to three months, with no serious side effects or worsening of Parkinson's symptoms.
Abstract
Mood dysfunction is highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD), a main predictor of functional decline, and difficult to treat-novel intervention...
In Vitro Psilocybin Synthesis by Co‐Immobilized Enzymes
Chemistry - A European Journal – April 09, 2025
Summary
A new biochemical approach achieves quantitative turnover of a precursor into psilocybin, a crucial compound for treating major depressive disorder in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. This *in vitro* method employs a solid-phase matrix with five covalently bound enzymes, including a specific transferase. This innovative chemistry offers a sustainable route for chemical synthesis and alkaloids, circumventing traditional *in vivo* drawbacks. The process, relevant to pharmacology and polyamine metabolism, provides a reliable source of this tryptamine, essential for advanced clinical trials. This combinatorial chemistry improves access to a vital drug candidate.
Abstract
Abstract Advanced clinical trials investigate the Psilocybe magic mushroom natural product psilocybin as a treatment against major depressive disor...
Behavioral effects of three synthetic tryptamine derivatives in rodents.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – April 04, 2025
Summary
New synthetic compounds targeting serotonin receptors reveal varied potential for misuse. Lab tests show that among three emerging hallucinogen-like substances, only 4-OH-MiPT produces effects similar to known drugs. Through drug discrimination testing in rodents, researchers found that while all compounds affected movement patterns, only one fully mimicked classical hallucinogen effects.
Abstract
New synthetic tryptamine derivatives have emerged in the underground market. They act on serotonin receptors mimicking the effects of hallucinogeni...
Identification of two lysergic acid diethylamide analogs, 1-(3-(trimethylsilyl) propionyl) lysergic acid diethylamide (1S-LSD) and 1-(2-thienoyl)-6-allyl-nor-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1T-AL-LAD), in paper sheet products distributed on the internet.
Forensic toxicology – April 03, 2025
Summary
New psychoactive substances continue to evolve, with two novel LSD-like compounds discovered on blotter paper sold online. Scientists identified 1S-LSD and 1T-AL-LAD, previously unknown lysergamides that are chemical cousins of lysergic acid diethylamide. Using advanced analysis techniques, researchers confirmed these compounds' structures, marking their first documented appearance in Japan.
Abstract
Recently, numerous lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs globally. These compounds are mainly distributed as shee...
Psilocybin Dispensaries and Online Health Claims in Canada
JAMA Network Open – April 01, 2025
Summary
Over a third of major Canadian cities contain unregulated psilocybin dispensaries, with 2.6% of Canadians living near one. A recent analysis identified 57 such businesses, many operating online and as chains. While 86.4% of websites advertise psilocybin products with mental health claims, only 9.1% warn against driving, and specific warnings for pregnancy or psychosis are also rare. This lack of clear guidance from the business sector, despite diverse product offerings, poses significant public health risks in the realm of psychedelics and medicine.
Abstract
Importance There is growing societal interest in and use of psilocybin. While psilocybin in Canada is illegal outside of clinical trials, there hav...
Premorbid characteristics of the SAPAP3 mouse model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: behavior, neuroplasticity, and psilocybin treatment
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – March 29, 2025
Summary
Juvenile mice modeling Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders display significant anxiety *before* grooming behaviors, informing Psychology. Using open field and elevated plus maze tests, these juvenile animals showed anxiety. Psilocybin (4.4 mg/kg) did not alleviate this, a key insight for Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Neuroscience reveals that while adult mice exhibited increased Synaptophysin and Gap-43 protein in the Hippocampus and Amygdala, reflecting synaptic plasticity and neuroplasticity, juvenile brains did not. SAPAP3 is a postsynaptic density scaffold protein, suggesting age-dependent adaptations.
Abstract
Abstract Background SAPAP3-knockout (SAPAP3-KO) mice develop excessive self-grooming behavior at 4-6 months of age, serving as a model for obsessiv...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for relapse prevention in alcohol use disorder: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial
EClinicalMedicine – March 14, 2025
Summary
Individuals with Alcohol use disorder experienced a 70% reduction in heavy drinking days over 32 weeks, versus 40% in a control group, after psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy. This compelling finding from a randomized controlled trial of 93 participants highlights psilocybin's potential in Medicine. Administered by a psychotherapist, this clinical trial demonstrates a novel approach for relapse prevention in Psychiatry. Psychedelics and drug studies, exploring compounds from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offer new avenues for alcohol treatment, paralleling Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Swiss National Science Foundation under the framework of Neuron Cofund, Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation, and Heffter Young Investigator Fellowship Award.
Extraction Yields of Psilocybin and Psilocin: A Short Review of Current Methods and Their Implications
Pharmaceuticals – March 07, 2025
Summary
Producing pharmaceutical-grade psilocybin, a promising psychedelic alkaloid, is challenging despite its therapeutic potential. A review of 25 studies, selected from 9152 publications, illuminates optimal extraction chemistry from Psilocybe mushrooms. Ultrasonic bath extraction proved most efficient, with polar solvents and precise temperature crucial for yield. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was the primary method for quantifying these compounds. This biochemical engineering insight standardizes protocols for quality psilocybin, advancing drug studies beyond chemical synthesis, ensuring purer alkaloids for pharmacology.
Abstract
The growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of psychoactive substances, like psilocybin, has driven significant interest in re...
Anhedonia: Current and future treatments
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports – March 01, 2025
Summary
Traditional antidepressants often struggle against anhedonia, the inability to feel pleasure, which significantly impedes recovery from conditions like Major Depression. However, a diverse range of treatments offers hope. Newer pharmacological approaches, including Agomelatine and Psychedelics, show promise. Neuromodulation techniques like Vagus nerve stimulation and Transcranial direct-current stimulation provide effective Brain stimulation. Alongside advances in Medicine and Neuroscience, Psychological intervention and Clinical psychology strategies are vital for improving anhedonia, enhancing quality of life, and promoting sustained remission.
Abstract
Abstract Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic domain that leads to poor disorder outcome and low remission rates. This narrative review describes a broad...
Psilocybin Mushrooms and Public Health in Brazil: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events and Their Implications for Regulatory Discussions.
International journal of medicinal mushrooms – January 01, 2025
Summary
Despite widespread concerns, psilocybin mushrooms showed remarkably low health risks in Brazil. Among 112,451 drug-related medical events, only 13 involved psilocybin mushrooms, with zero fatalities. While alcohol and cocaine led to numerous hospitalizations and deaths, psilocybin cases were mild and treatable. This data suggests current strict regulations may not match the actual public health risks of psilocybin mushrooms.
Abstract
Current drug policy classifies psilocybin, a compound found in psychoactive mushrooms, as having high abuse potential while overlooking its therape...
Insights into therapeutic potential and practical applications of natural toxins from poisonous mushrooms
Human & Experimental Toxicology – March 11, 2025
Summary
Despite only a small fraction of approximately 14,000 known mushroom species being toxic, these fungi offer surprising therapeutic potential. Advances in Fungal Biology and Pharmacology show that compounds like psilocybin, beta-glucans, and lectins exhibit immune-modulating, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. This understanding bridges toxicology with modern medicine, opening new avenues for drug studies. Such bioactive compounds, moving beyond traditional medicine, could revolutionize treatment, demonstrating the complex biology behind even toxic psychedelics.
Abstract
Introduction Mushrooms, belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, comprise approximately 14,000 known species, among which a small fract...
Ayahuasca partially preserves striatal integrity in juvenile non-human primates exposed to chronic stress: evidence from stereological evaluation.
Frontiers in neuroanatomy – January 01, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional plant-based brew, shows promise in protecting brain regions affected by chronic stress and depression. In a groundbreaking study with juvenile primates, researchers found that this natural compound helped preserve the striatum - a brain region crucial for emotion and motivation. Animals receiving ayahuasca maintained healthier neural structures despite isolation stress, compared to untreated subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for stress-related conditions.
Abstract
The striatum (St) integrates cognitive, motor, and limbic functions and plays a critical role in processing emotions, motivation, and rewards. It m...