Research
Spiritual health practitioners’ contributions to psychedelic assisted therapy: A qualitative analysis
PLoS ONE – January 02, 2024
Summary
Spiritual health practitioners offer unique expertise in psychedelic-assisted therapies, vital for Medicine and Health care. Qualitative research, using thematic analysis of 15 practitioner interviews, revealed seven contributions, including competency with spiritual material and offering a counterbalance to biomedical perspectives in Psychology. Familiarity with these alkaloids, many from chemical synthesis, helps them complement psychotherapists and nurses in interdisciplinary teams. This approach, informed by Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, can establish rigorous standards for holistic treatment.
Abstract
Background Psychedelic-assisted therapies hold early promise for treating multiple psychiatric conditions. However, absent standards for the care, ...
Safety pharmacology of acute psilocybin administration in healthy participants
Neuroscience Applied – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and chemical synthesis alkaloid, shows promise as medicine. A pooled analysis of three randomized crossover studies, involving 85 healthy participants and 113 drug administrations, examined its safety pharmacology. While some experienced increased heart rate (7%) or elevated body temperature (up to 32% at 30mg), and 6% reported transient flashbacks, no serious adverse effect occurred. Only higher doses (25-30mg) increased anxiety. This psychology and psychiatry research suggests psilocybin is safe under medical supervision akin to anesthesia, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Psilocybin is being studied for its therapeutic potential in various mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. Initial s...
Set and setting predict psychopathology, wellbeing and meaningfulness of psychedelic experiences: a correlational study.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
The mindset and environment during psychedelic use significantly impact mental health outcomes, according to a large survey of Spanish-speaking participants. People who used psychedelics for personal growth in natural settings, accompanied by trusted individuals, reported better mental health and more meaningful experiences. Conversely, those using these substances to escape problems showed poorer psychological outcomes.
Abstract
In psychedelic therapy, the importance of set and setting is a fundamental but under-researched assumption. The aim of this study is to correlate v...
A bibliometrics review of the journal mindfulness: science mapping the literature from 2012 to 2022.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A remarkable 1,950 articles published in the journal Mindfulness from 2012 to 2022 reveal significant growth in the field, with a marked increase in annual publications. The United States leads contributions, showcasing its dominance in research output. A knowledge graph highlights five key clusters: mindfulness, meditation, depression, stress, and self-compassion. Notably, mindfulness research in Taiwan's education sector remains underdeveloped, indicating an urgent need for increased support and exploration across various thematic domains to enhance understanding and application of mindfulness practices.
Abstract
This study conducts a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science database on 1,950 articles published in the journal Mindfulness from 2012 to 2...
Implementation Readiness and Initial Effects of a Brief Mindfulness Audio Intervention Compared With a Brief Music Control During Daily Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Pilot Study.
Global advances in integrative medicine and health – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness meditation during radiation therapy for prostate cancer significantly reduces fatigue and sleep disturbances. In a study involving 38 men, 76% enrolled, and the final program achieved an impressive 89% retention rate. Participants using mindfulness audio reported a notable 1.3-point reduction in fatigue and a 1.1-point decrease in sleep disturbance at three months compared to those listening to relaxing music. The intervention met feasibility and acceptability criteria, suggesting that brief mindfulness practices can effectively alleviate common side effects of radiation therapy.
Abstract
The most common and debilitating side effects of radiation therapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC) are fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depre...
Feasibility and effectiveness study of applying a hallucinogen harm reduction and integration model to a mindfulness thinking intervention using virtual reality: A randomized controlled trial.
Digital health – January 01, 2024
Summary
A virtual reality program based on the hallucinogenic harm reduction model significantly improved positive thinking and emotional activation among 38 participants compared to a traditional VR meditation program with 38 controls. After eight weeks, the experimental group exhibited a notable increase in mindfulness, reflected in higher Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire scores and lower depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, users reported greater emotional arousal without intense simulator motion sickness, highlighting the potential of this innovative approach for enhancing mental health through immersive experiences.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a virtual reality (VR) program designed and developed based on the hallucinogenic harm reducti...
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Psychological Quality of Life among University Students: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review.
Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) significantly alleviates psychological distress among university students. An analysis of 29 randomized controlled trials, involving over 6,000 participants, revealed that MBSR reduced anxiety by 29%, depression by 32%, and perceived stress by 41%. Additionally, it improved mindfulness and self-kindness. However, no significant improvements were noted for sleep quality or social function. Despite promising findings, the evidence quality was low for certain outcomes, suggesting a need for larger, tailored studies to enhance intervention effectiveness and address diverse student needs.
Abstract
Psychological distress is a progressive health problem that has been linked to decreased quality of life among university students. This meta-analy...
Increased wakefulness as measured by the WAKE-16 is related to mindfulness and emotional self-regulation in experienced Buddhist meditators.
Progress in brain research – January 01, 2024
Summary
Expert meditators (n=36) scored significantly higher on the newly validated WAKE-16 scale compared to matched non-meditators (n=36), indicating a distinct state of self-transcendence and enhanced wakefulness. Meditators exhibited elevated mindfulness, particularly in "presence" and "acceptance," alongside improved emotion regulation. Notably, within their group, strong correlations emerged between wakefulness, mindfulness, and emotional acceptance. In contrast, non-meditators showed a lone correlation between wakefulness and accepting emotions. This instrument effectively differentiates between meditative practices and broader self-regulation concepts, highlighting the transformative power of meditation.
Abstract
We tested and validated the German version of a new instrument for measuring "wakefulness," defined as "an expansive, higher-functioning, and stabl...
Making Sense of Spiritual, Metaphysical, and Eschatological Elements in Delusions: A Qualitative Study Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
Psychopathology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Spiritual, metaphysical, or eschatological elements in delusions (SMEDs) often mirror mystical experiences, impacting individuals profoundly. In a study with seven participants, alterations in perception of space, time, and unity were reported, alongside feelings of enlightenment that remained difficult to articulate. Participants interpreted SMEDs variably—as sources of insight or mental health issues—often struggling to reconcile their significance with dominant illness narratives. This highlights the complexity of integrating SMEDs into personal understanding, suggesting a philosophical approach could offer therapeutic benefits for those experiencing schizophrenia.
Abstract
Spiritual, metaphysical, or eschatological elements in delusions (SMEDs) are frequent and often subjectively regarded as profound transformational ...
How do differences in native language affect out-of-body experiences?
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) can be induced similarly in individuals regardless of their native language, as shown in a study involving 19 age-matched native English and Japanese speakers. Both groups reported comparable OBEs when exposed to the same stimuli. However, while the quantitative aspects were similar, qualitative differences emerged in their introspective reports, hinting at the influence of linguistic backgrounds on experience perception. Understanding these cognitive phenomena could enhance applications in the Metaverse and medical fields, bridging cultural and cognitive divides.
Abstract
Out-of-body experiences are scientifically inducible cognitive phenomena attracting global attention due to their application in the Metaverse and ...
Ayahuasca and Dimethyltryptamine Adverse Events and Toxicity Analysis: A Systematic Thematic Review.
International journal of toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A recent review highlights that traditional ayahuasca and its main psychedelic compound, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), generally show a good safety profile. While some adverse events, particularly in high-dose animal toxicology studies or with isolated harmala alkaloids, were noted, serious issues are rare in healthy individuals using these hallucinogens in controlled settings. This suggests an acceptable safety for traditional use, emphasizing positive toxicology findings.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic thematic review of adverse events, safety, and toxicity of traditional ayahuasca plant prepa...
Evaluation of the sedative effect of intranasal versus intramuscular ketamine in 2-6-year-old uncooperative dental patients.
Dental and medical problems – January 01, 2024
Summary
Helping anxious children stay calm during dental work is crucial, and ketamine sedation offers a solution. A comparison of intranasal and intramuscular delivery methods in young dental patients revealed that muscle injection produced better results. Children showed less movement and crying, while dentists reported improved cooperation. The intramuscular approach proved more effective for safe sedation in pediatric dentistry.
Abstract
Conscious sedation has gained more popularity these days, with different routes of drug administration having various advantages and disadvantages....
Prospective associations of psychedelic treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and posttraumatic stress symptoms among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans.
Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association – January 01, 2024
Summary
Special Operations Veterans struggling with alcohol misuse and trauma showed remarkable improvement after psychedelic therapy in Mexico. Treatment with natural compounds helped reduce risky drinking by 50% among participants, with over half achieving either abstinence or safe drinking levels after one month. The program, which treated 86 Veterans, demonstrated that those who responded best to treatment also experienced significant improvements in trauma symptoms and cognitive function. These findings suggest a promising path forward for Veterans battling both alcohol challenges and combat-related stress.
Abstract
This study evaluated prospective associations of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment for risky alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) s...
The Impact of a 4-Domain Wellness-Initiative Curriculum on Internal Medicine Resident Physicians.
HCA healthcare journal of medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
A well-being curriculum significantly enhances the mental health of medical residents. After participating in 10 workshops over an academic year, familiarity with key wellness topics surged from 22.7% to 77.3%. Furthermore, 58.6% reported that the knowledge gained was moderately or extremely influential in their professional lives, while 83.6% felt the same for their personal lives. This structured approach, focusing on mindfulness, self-compassion, and cognitive distortions, shifts mindsets away from burnout toward engagement and joy, fostering overall psychological well-being.
Abstract
There is a trend toward fostering well-being, or the state of being happy and healthy, within the medical community. Historically, resident physici...
Síndrome serotoninérgico inducido por ayahuasca: a propósito de un caso
Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría – January 01, 2024
Summary
A 31-year-old woman experienced serotonin syndrome after her first ayahuasca ritual, highlighting the potential risks of this powerful brew. Following two consecutive days of consumption in Cachipay, Colombia, she exhibited significant neurological symptoms. While serotonin syndrome is often linked to drug interactions, this case emphasizes the need for caution with ayahuasca, especially among individuals with a history of psychosis or substance abuse. Previous reports indicate that prolonged psychotic symptoms, lasting over 48 hours, are rare but can occur under specific circumstances.
Abstract
RESUMEN El síndrome serotoninérgico es un conjunto de signos y síntomas generados por hiperactividad serotoninérgica, caracterizado principalmente ...
Effects of mindfulness meditation training offered in-person and via a virtual world on self-compassion: A study with U.S. military active duty and veterans.
Work (Reading, Mass.) – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness meditation significantly boosts self-compassion, with a 14% improvement in participants using virtual training compared to 10% for in-person sessions. In a study involving 250 active-duty and veteran U.S. military personnel, both mindfulness approaches outperformed a wait-list control group, which showed no change. Those with initially lower self-compassion benefited the most. By offering mindfulness training through telemedicine and virtual worlds, a broader audience can enhance coping skills and resilience, ultimately reducing psychological stress and improving occupational health outcomes.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based, in-person programs are effective at reducing stress and enhancing resilience in military and civilian samples, yet few studies h...
Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.
Brain communications – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered specific brain regions that determine whether psilocybin treatment will effectively treat depression. Using large-scale brain modelling, researchers identified key neural patterns in patients before treatment that predicted success. Those who responded well showed distinct brain activity in areas rich in serotonin receptors - the same regions where psilocybin acts. This breakthrough explains why the treatment works for some but not others.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here, we leveraged the...
Changes in peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin during a silent month-long Insight meditation retreat.
Frontiers in endocrinology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Meditation may lead to a notable decrease in oxytocin levels, with participants at a month-long silent retreat showing a small but significant decline compared to 34 control individuals. Among the 28 retreat participants, higher openness to experience correlated with greater reductions in oxytocin, while lower levels of this hormone were linked to stronger feelings of social connection with fellow meditators. Interestingly, vasopressin decreased similarly in both groups, indicating no specific effect from the retreat. These findings highlight meditation's complex relationship with hormones that influence prosociality and attachment.
Abstract
Given its putative roles in mediating prosocial behavior, attachment bonds, and stress physiology, oxytocin modulation has been hypothesized to be ...
A brief induction of loving kindness meditation to reduce anti-fat bias.
PloS one – January 01, 2024
Summary
Loving kindness meditation (LKM) shows promise for increasing empathy but falls short in reducing weight stigma. In a sample of 300 participants, LKM significantly boosted feelings of empathic care compared to control groups, yet did not diminish anti-fat bias. While those engaging in LKM reported higher empathy levels than controls, both LKM and empathy interventions led to increased stigmatizing behavior. These findings indicate that while LKM fosters compassion, it may not effectively combat negative attitudes toward individuals with higher weight.
Abstract
Weight stigma is highly prevalent. However, existing weight stigma interventions are only modestly effective at reducing anti-fat attitudes. The cu...
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists for treatment of catatonia in adults: Narrative review.
General hospital psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments offer new hope for catatonia, a severe condition causing physical immobility. Novel medications targeting NMDA receptors in the brain show promising results, especially when traditional treatments fail. Amantadine and memantine lead the way, with rapid improvement in most cases. Ketamine and esketamine also demonstrate effectiveness, particularly in resistant cases, providing doctors with more options to help patients regain normal movement and function.
Abstract
While the majority of patients with catatonia fully respond to benzodiazepines or ECT, some have a partial or no response. Benzodiazepines may be c...
The Promise of Therapeutic Psilocybin: An Evaluation of the 134 Clinical Trials, 54 Potential Indications, and 0 Marketing Approvals on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Drug design, development and therapy – January 01, 2024
Summary
Despite growing excitement around psychedelic therapy, psilocybin's path to FDA approval faces unique challenges. Analysis reveals 134 clinical trials exploring this compound's potential for mental health conditions, but most are small, single-site studies with 10-20 participants. While psilocin (psilocybin's active form) shows promise, only three advanced trials have emerged recently. This scattered approach across 54 different treatment areas may actually be slowing therapeutic development rather than accelerating it.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a tryptamine psychedelic, has been touted in the media both historically and recently as a potential game-changing mental health therap...
Potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca: A literature review
Acta Amazonica – January 01, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in treating depression and anxiety, with literature from 2012 to 2022 highlighting its therapeutic effects. Out of the reviewed studies, over 60% focused on these mental health issues, while others explored its impact on chemical dependency and Parkinson's disease. The decoction, derived from Amazonian plants, contains psychoactive compounds like DMT and β-carbolines that interact with serotonin receptors, creating profound neurochemical effects. However, concerns about potential toxicity and reproductive impacts underscore the need for further investigation into its safety and mechanisms.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction originally used in indigenous Amazonian culture. It consists of a dense brown liquid that most frequ...
Knowledge gaps in psychedelic medicalisation: Preclinical and neuroimaging mechanisms.
Neuroscience applied – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin are intensely investigated for brain disorders. Experts identified key knowledge gaps to unlock their full therapeutic potential. Understanding optimal dosing, molecular mechanisms, and how they affect brain activity and chemistry, including sex differences, is crucial. This clarity promises to maximize their clinical benefits.
Abstract
Classical psychedelic drugs, e.g., psilocybin and LSD, stimulate the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and have recently been intensely investigated ...
Psychotherapy in Psychedelic Treatment: Safe, Evidence-Based, and Necessary.
Am J Psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, the profound healing potential of psychedelic compounds is truly unlocked through integrated therapeutic support. Evidence strongly suggests that combining psychotherapy with these experiences is not only safe but essential for achieving lasting positive mental health outcomes. A comprehensive review of current practices and clinical data demonstrates that structured psychological guidance before, during, and after psychedelic sessions is a cornerstone of effective treatment. This integrated approach maximizes therapeutic benefits, fostering significant improvements in well-being and ensuring a supportive journey for individuals seeking transformative mental health care.
Abstract
Psychotherapy in Psychedelic Treatment: Safe, Evidence-Based, and Necessary.
Development and feasibility of a mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy intervention for chronic low back pain.
Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) – January 01, 2024
Summary
A novel mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy program shows promise in helping people manage chronic back pain without medication. This mixed methods feasibility study combined mindful movement, creative dance, and pain education in a 12-week group program. Participants reported reduced pain-related fear, increased physical activity, and better pain management skills. With perfect retention rates and high satisfaction scores, this non-pharmacological intervention offers a fresh approach to chronic pain relief.
Abstract
Responding to the need for innovative, multi-modal, non-pharmacological strategies in chronic low back pain (cLBP) care, this article presents the ...
Participation in an indigenous Amazonian-led ayahuasca retreat associated with increases in nature relatedness – a pilot study
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2024
Summary
Participation in Indigenous Amazonian ayahuasca retreats significantly enhances nature-relatedness and reduces stress. In a study with participants attending an average of 6.31 ceremonies, notable increases in nature connection were measured using the Short form Nature Relatedness Scale, alongside improvements in depression and stress levels assessed by the DASS-21. A moderate negative correlation indicated that greater nature-relatedness corresponded with lower stress levels. These findings suggest ayahuasca retreats may serve as a therapeutic intervention, though further investigation is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and long-term effects.
Abstract
Indigenous Amazonian shamanic ayahuasca practice is embedded in a nature-based context and is employed as an ecological mediating agent and in coll...
Childhood trauma, challenging experiences, and posttraumatic growth in ayahuasca use
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2024
Summary
Individuals with a history of childhood trauma do not face increased risks of adverse experiences during ayahuasca sessions, according to a survey of 231 participants (average age 40.3, 48% women). The findings reveal no significant difference in challenging experiences between those with and without childhood trauma (8% effect size). Furthermore, posttraumatic growth outcomes were similar for both groups. These results suggest that prior trauma may not negatively impact responses to ayahuasca, contrasting with other therapeutic interventions like counseling.
Abstract
Challenging experiences in ayahuasca use, childhood trauma, and posttraumatic growth have not been investigated systematically. This study aimed to...
Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review.
Current neuropharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic treatments, including ketamine, show promise in addressing the complex challenges of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Chronic PTSD affects approximately 7-8% of the population, with high rates of comorbidity and emotional dysregulation. Traditional therapies often fall short due to systemic barriers and individual factors. Innovative approaches like early interventions and neuromodulation aim to enhance treatment effectiveness. With evolving guidelines, there's potential for integrating these novel interventions into mainstream care, offering hope for improved outcomes for those grappling with moral injury and trauma-related distress.
Abstract
This narrative state-of-the-art review paper describes the progress in the understanding and treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Ove...
Advances in brain and religion studies: a review and synthesis of recent representative studies.
Frontiers in human neuroscience – January 01, 2024
Summary
Religious and spiritual experiences (RSEs) are intricately linked to brain networks, particularly the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and salience network (SN). In a synthesis of findings involving neuroimaging and ecstatic seizures, over 100 participants revealed that these networks interact in ways that influence perceptions of supernatural agents. Interestingly, mechanisms during REM sleep and dreaming may also contribute to these perceptions. Understanding these connections could illuminate how religious beliefs foster group cohesion and affect attitudes toward outsiders.
Abstract
We review and synthesize recent religion and brain studies and find that at a broad network neuroscience level, religious/spiritual experiences (RS...
Ketamine Therapy in Complex Cases: A Cautionary Tale of Exacerbated Personality Traits and the Crucial Role of Comprehensive Follow-Up and Psychosocial Interventions.
Case reports in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
While ketamine therapy shows promise for depression, this medical report reveals important nuances in treatment outcomes. A 75-year-old woman experienced worsening symptoms post-treatment, highlighting how personality traits and individual circumstances can affect results. The findings emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches and comprehensive follow-up care, particularly for patients with complex mental health histories.
Abstract
This case report examines the unexpected increase in suicidal ideation following ketamine infusion therapy in a 75-year-old female with a history o...
A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) demonstrated promising potential for preventing relapse among individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) in a vulnerable Brazilian population. Involving 140 participants across eight Psychosocial Care Centers, the intervention was well-accepted despite initial cultural barriers and a high dropout rate due to social factors. Positive outcomes included improved mental health and changes in consumption behavior. The findings highlight the need for tailored adaptations of MBRP to enhance its implementation within public health services, ensuring better accessibility for those in need.
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a chronic condition that impacts various facets of an individual's life, and society as a whole. The Mindfulness-Ba...
Exploring near death experiences with children post intensive care: A case series.
Explore (New York, N.Y.) – January 01, 2024
Summary
Children undergoing life-threatening events frequently describe profound near death experiences, reporting unsolicited visions like out-of-body sensations, bright lights, and visits to celestial places. A preliminary case study series reveals these experiences, often simple yet transcendental, include peaceful darkness and altered perceptions of time. Recognizing children's unique insights into near death experiences, the work emphasizes their importance as a research population. It advocates for creative research methods to capture these deeply subjective accounts, which children assign a distinct reality.
Abstract
Near death experiences (NDEs) can occur during life-threatening events. In this article, we present preliminary findings from a case study series. ...
Improving patient-centered mental health promotion in primary care in vulnerable communities through mindfulness training in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Frontiers in medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-Based Health Promotion (MBHP) significantly enhances mental health in low-income populations. In a study involving 62 participants from Rio de Janeiro's primary care units, 80% reported chronic health conditions, including anxiety (42%) and depression (35%). After an 8-week intervention, improvements were noted in anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Participants valued mindfulness as a complementary approach alongside medication. The findings underscore MBHP's potential to provide effective psychosocial support and promote well-being in vulnerable communities, making it a promising public health strategy.
Abstract
Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC) is responsible for all-sanitary actions for a community-based population, including health promotion and mental...
The effect of Transcendental Meditation on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and gratitude, for increasing empowerment of female youth in Uganda.
Health care for women international – January 01, 2024
Summary
Transcendental Meditation significantly boosted self-esteem, self-efficacy, and gratitude among 130 female youth in Kampala's slums. After practicing TM for 20 minutes twice daily over five months, participants reported a remarkable 36% increase in self-esteem and a 40% rise in self-efficacy. Additionally, excessive alcohol use decreased by 25%. By eight months, improvements were noted in physical health, stress levels, and family relationships. These findings highlight the potential of meditation techniques to empower vulnerable populations and enhance overall well-being.
Abstract
This longitudinal study with female youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda (n = 130), explored the impact of the Transcendental Meditation® (TM®) te...
Inducing a meditative state by artificial perturbations: A mechanistic understanding of brain dynamics underlying meditation.
Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) – January 01, 2024
Summary
Expert meditators exhibit unique brain dynamics during meditation compared to resting states, as revealed by advanced neuroimaging techniques. In a study involving 30 expert meditators and 30 control participants, a probabilistic metastable substate model highlighted distinct patterns of brain activity. The whole-brain modeling approach allowed for in silico perturbations, showing how localized stimulation can induce transitions between resting and meditative states. These findings underscore the potential of meditation not only for personal well-being but also as a therapeutic avenue for various brain disorders.
Abstract
Contemplative neuroscience has increasingly explored meditation using neuroimaging. However, the brain mechanisms underlying meditation remain elus...
Does LSD confer lasting psychological resilience? an investigation of naturalistic users experiencing job loss.
PloS one – January 01, 2024
Summary
Contrary to popular beliefs about psychedelics building mental resilience, LSD users may actually face greater psychological challenges during difficult life events. Analysis of over 5 million unemployed individuals revealed that those who used LSD before losing their jobs experienced more severe psychological distress afterward, even when accounting for demographic factors. These findings challenge current assumptions about psychedelics' protective effects on mental health.
Abstract
Recent studies on classic psychedelics have suggested that their use is associated with psychological strengths and resilience, thereby conferring ...
Not all mindfulness is equal: certain facets of mindfulness have important implications for well-being and mental health across the lifespan.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Individuals with high mindfulness report significantly better mental health and well-being compared to those with low mindfulness. In a study of 1,600 Canadians aged 14 to 90, five distinct mindfulness profiles emerged: high mindfulness, moderate mindfulness, low mindfulness, nonjudgmentally aware, and judgmentally observing. Older participants predominantly fell into the high mindfulness and nonjudgmentally aware categories, while younger individuals were more likely to be in the judgmentally observing group. The findings emphasize the need for tailored mindfulness interventions to enhance well-being throughout life.
Abstract
The connections between the five facets of mindfulness, well-being, and mental health across the lifespan have traditionally been investigated usin...
Mindfulness-based intervention reduce interference of negative stimuli to working memory in individuals with subclinical depression: A randomized controlled fMRI study.
International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combined with loving-kindness meditation (LKM) significantly enhances executive function in individuals with subthreshold depression. In a study involving 42 participants, those receiving MBCT+LKM exhibited greater brain activation in the left lingual gyrus and right inferior lateral occipital cortex during emotional tasks. Additionally, resting state connectivity improved in key brain regions linked to cognitive control. These findings indicate that MBCT+LKM may effectively reduce negative emotional responses and attentional biases towards negative stimuli in this vulnerable population.
Abstract
Individuals with subclinical depression are prone to major depression and experience emotional responses and attentional biases to negative stimuli...
Peace through health: traditional medicine meditation in the prevention of collective stress, violence, and war.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2024
Summary
Transcendental Meditation (TM) has shown promise in addressing collective stress and mitigating violence amid global conflicts, such as the Israel-Hamas and Ukraine-Russia wars. With empirical studies involving thousands of participants, TM has been linked to significant reductions in stress and improvements in mental health outcomes. Notably, one study reported a 50% decrease in anxiety levels among practitioners. By incorporating TM into public health strategies, communities can enhance well-being and potentially prevent violence, aligning with WHO recommendations for innovative peacebuilding approaches.
Abstract
In the midst of global armed conflicts, notably the Israel-Hamas and Ukraine-Russia wars, there is an urgent need for innovative public health stra...
The mitogenomic landscape of Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae), the sacred liana used for ayahuasca preparation.
Genetics and molecular biology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have decoded the complete mitochondrial DNA of the sacred ayahuasca vine, revealing fascinating insights into this culturally significant Amazonian plant. The vine works synergistically with another plant to create ayahuasca's effects by preventing the breakdown of its psychoactive compounds. Analysis shows unique genetic features, including unusual gene patterns and evidence of DNA sharing between cellular components, helping confirm its identity as the "Tucunacá" variety used in traditional ceremonies.
Abstract
The sacred ayahuasca brew, utilized by indigenous communities in the Amazon and syncretic religious groups in Brazil, primarily consists of a decoc...
Trends in waking salivary alpha-amylase levels following healing lucid dreams.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Participants with PTSD attending a six-day online workshop reported healing lucid dreams, with eight out of twenty experiencing this phenomenon. Among those, four provided usable saliva samples to measure salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), a stress marker. Although findings were not statistically significant, there was a positive trend suggesting that more healing lucid dreams correlated with an increased waking sAA slope. This highlights the potential link between trauma recovery, dreaming, and physiological responses, indicating a need for further investigation with larger sample sizes.
Abstract
Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is considered a marker of autonomic nervous system activity in stress research, and atypical waking sAA responses have...
The rising use of cognitive enhancement drugs and predictors of use during COVID-19: findings from a cross-sectional survey of students and university staff in the UK.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
During COVID-19 lockdowns, UK universities saw a striking 42% increase in students using cognitive enhancement drugs like Modafinil. A survey of 736 students and staff revealed significant upticks in psychoactive drug use, including microdosing psychedelics, as people adapted to remote learning. Lower agreeableness and conscientiousness emerged as key personality factors predicting drug use.
Abstract
The use of psychoactive substances to increase cognitive performance while studying has been termed 'pharmacological cognitive enhancement' (PCE). ...
Within-subject comparison of near-death and psychedelic experiences: acute and enduring effects
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2024
Summary
Profound mystical states of consciousness, whether from near-death experiences or hallucinogens like psilocybin, ayahuasca, and mescaline, share remarkable similarities. A study of 31 adults who experienced both revealed significant overlap in their phenomenology and attribution of reality. While sensory perception differed—NDEs involved more disembodiment, psychedelics more visual imagery—both induced similar mystical-like effects. This suggests the psychology of psychedelic experiences offers a valuable lens for understanding profound, sometimes paranormal, insights.
Abstract
Abstract Mystical-like states of consciousness may arise through means such as psychedelic substances, but may also occur unexpectedly during near-...
Probing the functional magnetic resonance imaging response to psilocybin in functional neurological disorder (PsiFUND): study protocol.
Wellcome open research – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists are exploring how psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, might help understand and treat functional neurological disorder (FND) - a condition causing seizures and movement problems. Using fMRI brain scans, researchers will track how this psychedelic affects brain networks in FND patients, measuring changes in motor control, body awareness, and emotional processing.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of neurological symptoms including seizures and movement disorders. It can be debilitating...
The gamma-band activity model of the near-death experience: a critique and a reinterpretation.
F1000Research – January 01, 2024
Summary
Approximately 70% of individuals experiencing near-death experiences (NDEs) report profound consciousness, despite being close to biological death. Studies indicate a surge in gamma oscillations in the brain during this time, suggesting a connection to NDEs. Analyzing 30 clinical cases, findings show that these high-frequency electroencephalogram patterns may originate from the amygdala rather than cortical areas. While intriguing, this burst of activity does not conclusively support the idea of NDEs as solely neurobiological events, leaving room for further exploration of their nature.
Abstract
Near-death experience (NDE) is a transcendent mental event of uncertain etiology that arises on the cusp of biological death. Since the discovery o...
Near-death experience: memory recovery during hypnosis.
Explore (New York, N.Y.) – January 01, 2024
Summary
Approximately 10-12% of cardiac arrest patients report vivid near-death experiences (NDEs), suggesting a deeper awareness during critical moments. A compelling case study of Stephanie Arnold, who experienced an NDE during childbirth, reveals that many may not remember their NDE due to memory impairment. Hypnotic regression therapy uncovered detailed perceptions beyond the five senses. Additionally, Arnold reported pre-cognitive insights about her cardiac event. Such experiences often lead to profound transformations in individuals’ understanding of consciousness, purpose, and appreciation for life.
Abstract
Increasing numbers of research studies have offered evidence regarding awareness of verified events during near-death experiences (NDEs) occurring ...
Effect of cyclic meditation on anxiety and sleep quality in sailors on merchant ships-A quasi-experimental study.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2024
Summary
Cyclic Meditation (CM) significantly reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality among sailors, addressing common issues faced during long voyages. In a study involving 50 sailors, those practicing CM for 45 minutes daily over three weeks showed a remarkable 30% decrease in anxiety levels and a 25% improvement in sleep quality compared to the control group. Additionally, improvements in blood pressure and pulse rate were noted. Incorporating CM into sailors' routines could enhance their psychological health and occupational well-being while at sea.
Abstract
Sailors undergo anxiety and sleep disturbances due to prolonged journeys and the nature of their work on ships. Earlier studies indicate Cyclic Med...
Phenomenological memory characteristics and impact of near-death experience in critically ill survivors: Observations at discharge and after a 1-year follow-up.
International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP – January 01, 2024
Summary
Fifteen percent of ICU survivors reported near-death experiences (NDE), highlighting a significant aspect of critical illness recovery. In a study involving 126 adult patients, 19 experienced NDEs characterized by altered time perception and heightened senses. One year later, 18% of those with NDEs and 24% without reported reduced fear of death. These findings underscore the lasting impact of memory related to life-threatening situations, suggesting that exploring these experiences can be clinically valuable for all ICU patients.
Abstract
It is not rare that intensive care unit (ICU) patients report unusual subjective experiences, ranging from a feeling of harmony with the environmen...
Is Use of Psychedelic Drugs a Risk or Protective Factor for Late-Life Cognitive Decline?
Gerontology & geriatric medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic drug usage is linked to improved executive function and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults. In a study involving 2,503 participants aged 64 on average, those who used psychedelics showed a notable increase in cognitive performance, with an effect size of 0.102 for executive function. Additionally, they reported fewer depressive symptoms, with an effect size of -0.090. These findings suggest that psychedelics may offer a promising alternative therapy to enhance cognition and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults facing health challenges.
Abstract
Objectives: Common age-related health conditions can lead to poor mental health outcomes and deteriorate cognition. Additionally, commonly prescrib...
Psychedelic Mushrooms: The Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Mental Disorders
Annals of Bioethics & Clinical Applications – January 01, 2024
Summary
Advances in psychopharmacology have benefited thousands of patients, and psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is emerging as a promising treatment in Psychiatry. Preliminary evidence from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests marked improvements in mental health with psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, delivered by a psychotherapist. This approach, explored within Psychology, aims to offer a valid therapeutic alternative. While safety and efficacy are primary objectives, some findings confirm psilocybin's safety in controlled environments, positioning it in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a class of hallucinogenic drugs. They have been explored particularly for treatment-resistant psychiatric illnesses. In recent yea...