Research
A Case of Hepatotoxicity Induced by Therapeutic Ketamine Use for Sedation.
Case reports in critical care – January 01, 2024
Summary
A rare but serious side effect of ketamine therapy has been documented: liver toxicity. When used for sedation in a 27-year-old ICU patient, ketamine caused concerning elevation in liver enzymes. The condition resolved after stopping the medication. This case highlights that while ketamine is generally safe for short-term use, monitoring liver function during treatment is crucial for patient safety.
Abstract
Ketamine, initially developed as an anesthetic, has shown versatility in medical applications, including pain management, treatment-resistant depre...
Die subakuten Effekte des Psilocybin auf Persönlichkeit, Achtsamkeit und die Auflösung des Selbst
OpenAlex – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin significantly reduces neuroticism and anxiety, improving life satisfaction. A naturalistic study of 55 participants at psychedelic retreats revealed clear trends: reduced anxiety and neuroticism, plus improved life satisfaction, seven days post-consumption. This work in clinical psychology highlights psilocybin's profound psychological impact on personality, contributing to psychedelics and drug studies. Such findings offer new perspectives for mental health and psychiatry, informing psychotherapist practices and discussions in psychoanalysis.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a class of drugs that can occasion similar changes in conscious ex- periences mediated via the G-protein coupled Serotonin 2A rece...
Near-death experience: memory recovery during hypnosis.
Explore (New York, N.Y.) – January 01, 2024
Summary
Approximately 10-12% of cardiac arrest patients report vivid near-death experiences (NDEs), suggesting a deeper awareness during critical moments. A compelling case study of Stephanie Arnold, who experienced an NDE during childbirth, reveals that many may not remember their NDE due to memory impairment. Hypnotic regression therapy uncovered detailed perceptions beyond the five senses. Additionally, Arnold reported pre-cognitive insights about her cardiac event. Such experiences often lead to profound transformations in individuals’ understanding of consciousness, purpose, and appreciation for life.
Abstract
Increasing numbers of research studies have offered evidence regarding awareness of verified events during near-death experiences (NDEs) occurring ...
Set and setting predict psychopathology, wellbeing and meaningfulness of psychedelic experiences: a correlational study.
Expert review of clinical pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
The mindset and environment during psychedelic use significantly impact mental health outcomes, according to a large survey of Spanish-speaking participants. People who used psychedelics for personal growth in natural settings, accompanied by trusted individuals, reported better mental health and more meaningful experiences. Conversely, those using these substances to escape problems showed poorer psychological outcomes.
Abstract
In psychedelic therapy, the importance of set and setting is a fundamental but under-researched assumption. The aim of this study is to correlate v...
Effect of cyclic meditation on anxiety and sleep quality in sailors on merchant ships-A quasi-experimental study.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2024
Summary
Cyclic Meditation (CM) significantly reduced anxiety and improved sleep quality among sailors, addressing common issues faced during long voyages. In a study involving 50 sailors, those practicing CM for 45 minutes daily over three weeks showed a remarkable 30% decrease in anxiety levels and a 25% improvement in sleep quality compared to the control group. Additionally, improvements in blood pressure and pulse rate were noted. Incorporating CM into sailors' routines could enhance their psychological health and occupational well-being while at sea.
Abstract
Sailors undergo anxiety and sleep disturbances due to prolonged journeys and the nature of their work on ships. Earlier studies indicate Cyclic Med...
Phenomenological memory characteristics and impact of near-death experience in critically ill survivors: Observations at discharge and after a 1-year follow-up.
International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHP – January 01, 2024
Summary
Fifteen percent of ICU survivors reported near-death experiences (NDE), highlighting a significant aspect of critical illness recovery. In a study involving 126 adult patients, 19 experienced NDEs characterized by altered time perception and heightened senses. One year later, 18% of those with NDEs and 24% without reported reduced fear of death. These findings underscore the lasting impact of memory related to life-threatening situations, suggesting that exploring these experiences can be clinically valuable for all ICU patients.
Abstract
It is not rare that intensive care unit (ICU) patients report unusual subjective experiences, ranging from a feeling of harmony with the environmen...
Theorizing that Psychedelic Assisted Therapy May Play a Role in the Treatment of Trauma-Induced Personality Disorders.
Journal of addiction psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Emerging research suggests trauma's impact on personality may be effectively treated with psychedelic assisted therapy. Studies show borderline personality disorder shares key features with post-traumatic stress disorder, pointing to common underlying trauma mechanisms. Psilocybin and similar compounds, when combined with therapy, appear to help rewire trauma responses and reduce symptoms in both conditions.
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) share overlapping neurobiological mechanisms particularly reward de...
Is Use of Psychedelic Drugs a Risk or Protective Factor for Late-Life Cognitive Decline?
Gerontology & geriatric medicine – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic drug usage is linked to improved executive function and reduced depressive symptoms in older adults. In a study involving 2,503 participants aged 64 on average, those who used psychedelics showed a notable increase in cognitive performance, with an effect size of 0.102 for executive function. Additionally, they reported fewer depressive symptoms, with an effect size of -0.090. These findings suggest that psychedelics may offer a promising alternative therapy to enhance cognition and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults facing health challenges.
Abstract
Objectives: Common age-related health conditions can lead to poor mental health outcomes and deteriorate cognition. Additionally, commonly prescrib...
Clinical characteristics and treatment exposure of patients with marked treatment-resistant unipolar major depressive disorder: A RECOVER trial report.
Brain stimulation – January 01, 2024
Summary
Patients with severe treatment-resistant depression have typically tried 11 different treatments before seeking advanced options. New data shows that combining traditional antidepressants with interventions like vagus nerve stimulation, TMS, or esketamine may help those who haven't responded to standard treatments. This is especially promising for younger patients with early-onset depression.
Abstract
RECOVER is a randomized sham-controlled trial of vagus nerve stimulation and the largest such trial conducted with a psychiatric neuromodulation in...
The effect of low dose intra-articular S(+) ketamine on osteoarthritis in rats: an experimental study.
Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier) – January 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in pain management shows that targeted ketamine treatment can significantly reduce joint pain without systemic effects. Using animal models, researchers found that small doses of S(+)-Ketamine directly injected into joints affected by osteoarthritis improved mobility and reduced pain sensitivity. While the treatment didn't reduce synovial membrane inflammation, it helped restore normal walking patterns and grip strength in treated subjects.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the analgesic impact of S(+)-ketamine on pain behavior and synovial inflammation in an osteoarthritis (OA) model. A...
Ayahuasca and Dimethyltryptamine Adverse Events and Toxicity Analysis: A Systematic Thematic Review.
International journal of toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A recent review highlights that traditional ayahuasca and its main psychedelic compound, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), generally show a good safety profile. While some adverse events, particularly in high-dose animal toxicology studies or with isolated harmala alkaloids, were noted, serious issues are rare in healthy individuals using these hallucinogens in controlled settings. This suggests an acceptable safety for traditional use, emphasizing positive toxicology findings.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic thematic review of adverse events, safety, and toxicity of traditional ayahuasca plant prepa...
Evaluation of the sedative effect of intranasal versus intramuscular ketamine in 2-6-year-old uncooperative dental patients.
Dental and medical problems – January 01, 2024
Summary
Helping anxious children stay calm during dental work is crucial, and ketamine sedation offers a solution. A comparison of intranasal and intramuscular delivery methods in young dental patients revealed that muscle injection produced better results. Children showed less movement and crying, while dentists reported improved cooperation. The intramuscular approach proved more effective for safe sedation in pediatric dentistry.
Abstract
Conscious sedation has gained more popularity these days, with different routes of drug administration having various advantages and disadvantages....
Prospective associations of psychedelic treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and posttraumatic stress symptoms among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans.
Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association – January 01, 2024
Summary
Special Operations Veterans struggling with alcohol misuse and trauma showed remarkable improvement after psychedelic therapy in Mexico. Treatment with natural compounds helped reduce risky drinking by 50% among participants, with over half achieving either abstinence or safe drinking levels after one month. The program, which treated 86 Veterans, demonstrated that those who responded best to treatment also experienced significant improvements in trauma symptoms and cognitive function. These findings suggest a promising path forward for Veterans battling both alcohol challenges and combat-related stress.
Abstract
This study evaluated prospective associations of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment for risky alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) s...
Exploring the multifaceted potential of (R)-ketamine beyond antidepressant applications.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
While traditional ketamine variants show promise for depression, (R)-ketamine emerges as a groundbreaking alternative with fewer side effects. This form demonstrates remarkable potential beyond mental health, showing benefits for cognitive disorders and ischemic stroke recovery. Its antidepressant efficacy, particularly in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), comes with minimal dissociative effects, making it a safer option for many patients.
Abstract
(R, S)- and (S)-ketamine have made significant progress in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and have become a research focus i...
Psychiatric and legal considerations for ketamine treatment within prison settings.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Treatment-resistant depression affects many incarcerated individuals, with rates of suicidality significantly higher in prisons than the general population. Ketamine therapy shows promise as a mental health intervention, offering rapid relief for severe depression. While traditional psychiatric treatments often fall short in prison settings, emerging evidence supports ketamine's potential role - though careful consideration of human rights, security protocols, and medical oversight is essential to ensure safe, ethical implementation.
Abstract
The fundamental right to equivalence of health care in prison settings encompasses the provision of medication to address mental health conditions....
Brain dynamics predictive of response to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression.
Brain communications – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered specific brain regions that determine whether psilocybin treatment will effectively treat depression. Using large-scale brain modelling, researchers identified key neural patterns in patients before treatment that predicted success. Those who responded well showed distinct brain activity in areas rich in serotonin receptors - the same regions where psilocybin acts. This breakthrough explains why the treatment works for some but not others.
Abstract
Psilocybin therapy for depression has started to show promise, yet the underlying causal mechanisms are not currently known. Here, we leveraged the...
Half a Century of Research on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Scientometric Analysis.
Current neuropharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Over 42,000 publications on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have emerged since 1945, highlighting significant shifts in research focus. Key themes include war veterans, neuroimaging treatments, and the impact of civilian trauma from events like COVID-19. Notably, a surge in interest around innovative PTSD treatments—such as Mhealth and virtual reality—has been observed. Collaboration networks indicate the USA's dominance, while China shows a rising trend. However, only a small fraction of studies are high-quality randomized controlled trials, signaling a gap in effective treatment evaluation.
Abstract
We conducted a scientometric analysis to outline clinical research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our primary objective was to perform a ...
Understanding the role of the NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2D, in mediating NMDA receptor antagonist-induced behavioral disruptions in male and female mice.
Journal of neuroscience research – January 01, 2024
Summary
GluN2D subunit plays a crucial role in how NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine and PCP affect behavior. In a study involving 80 GluN2D knockout mice (40 male, 40 female), those lacking this subunit exhibited reduced hyperlocomotion in response to these drugs. Interestingly, sex-specific effects emerged: S-ketamine impaired spatial recognition memory in females, while both sexes showed anxiety-related behaviors influenced by the drugs. This highlights the complex interplay between genetics and drug effects on schizophrenia-relevant behaviors, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists like phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine cause psychosis-like symptoms in healthy humans, exacerbate ...
Tags
The Promise of Therapeutic Psilocybin: An Evaluation of the 134 Clinical Trials, 54 Potential Indications, and 0 Marketing Approvals on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Drug design, development and therapy – January 01, 2024
Summary
Despite growing excitement around psychedelic therapy, psilocybin's path to FDA approval faces unique challenges. Analysis reveals 134 clinical trials exploring this compound's potential for mental health conditions, but most are small, single-site studies with 10-20 participants. While psilocin (psilocybin's active form) shows promise, only three advanced trials have emerged recently. This scattered approach across 54 different treatment areas may actually be slowing therapeutic development rather than accelerating it.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a tryptamine psychedelic, has been touted in the media both historically and recently as a potential game-changing mental health therap...
Dexmedetomidine versus ketamine in improving tolerance to noninvasive ventilation after blunt chest trauma: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Pain management after chest injuries presents unique challenges for breathing support. A breakthrough study compared two sedation medications for patients requiring breathing assistance after blunt chest trauma. Both dexmedetomidine and ketamine helped patients tolerate non-invasive ventilation longer than those receiving placebo. While dexmedetomidine provided better sedation, ketamine offered superior pain control with less need for additional pain medication.
Abstract
Even though patient tolerance is critical to the success of noninvasive ventilation (NIV), research on using sedation to improve tolerance to NIV a...
Development and feasibility of a mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy intervention for chronic low back pain.
Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) – January 01, 2024
Summary
A novel mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy program shows promise in helping people manage chronic back pain without medication. This mixed methods feasibility study combined mindful movement, creative dance, and pain education in a 12-week group program. Participants reported reduced pain-related fear, increased physical activity, and better pain management skills. With perfect retention rates and high satisfaction scores, this non-pharmacological intervention offers a fresh approach to chronic pain relief.
Abstract
Responding to the need for innovative, multi-modal, non-pharmacological strategies in chronic low back pain (cLBP) care, this article presents the ...
Dose-dependent LSD effects on cortical/thalamic and cerebellar activity: brain oxygen level-dependent fMRI study in awake rats.
Brain communications – January 01, 2024
Summary
LSD's effects on the brain reveal surprising patterns: while overall brain activity decreases, connections between specific regions become stronger. This groundbreaking research used brain imaging to track how different doses of lysergic acid diethylamide affect brain activity in awake rats. The drug reduced activity in key areas like the prefrontal cortex and thalamus, but strengthened communication between the cerebellar nuclei and brainstem, suggesting complex effects on neural networks.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioural effects. This is the first study to use MRI to follow fun...
The role of neurotrophic factors in novel, rapid psychiatric treatments.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Neurotrophic factors play a crucial role in brain health, influencing cellular growth and survival. Traditional psychiatric medications elevate neurotrophic levels over weeks, aligning with their therapeutic effects. In contrast, newer treatments like ketamine and psychedelics demonstrate rapid benefits within minutes to hours, triggering immediate neurotrophin release. This shift highlights the importance of understanding how neurotrophins interact with receptor tyrosine kinases and other signaling systems, potentially transforming approaches to treating neuropsychiatric disorders and enhancing therapeutic outcomes for patients.
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are a family of growth factors that modulate cellular growth, survival, and differentiation. For many decades, it has been gen...
Therapeutic Protocols Using Ketamine and Esketamine for Depressive Disorders: A Systematic Review.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2024
Summary
Esketamine and ketamine are emerging as vital treatments for depression, particularly in cases resistant to traditional therapies. A systematic review analyzed 30 studies, revealing that 80% employed a medical approach, while only 10% explored ketamine-assisted psychotherapy. The findings highlighted a lack of focus on psychosocial factors, such as preparation and psychological support during sessions. This indicates a divergence in treatment practices for depression with these substances, suggesting a need for more comprehensive approaches to enhance therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health disorders globally, causing severe emotional suffering, reducing life expectancy and increasi...
Does LSD confer lasting psychological resilience? an investigation of naturalistic users experiencing job loss.
PloS one – January 01, 2024
Summary
Contrary to popular beliefs about psychedelics building mental resilience, LSD users may actually face greater psychological challenges during difficult life events. Analysis of over 5 million unemployed individuals revealed that those who used LSD before losing their jobs experienced more severe psychological distress afterward, even when accounting for demographic factors. These findings challenge current assumptions about psychedelics' protective effects on mental health.
Abstract
Recent studies on classic psychedelics have suggested that their use is associated with psychological strengths and resilience, thereby conferring ...
Psychedelics: The New Kid on the Block
Annals of Indian Psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, 80% of 51 cancer patients maintained significant reductions in depression and anxiety six months after high-dose psilocybin. These psychedelics, studied extensively in drug studies and psychology, alter perception and consciousness, potentially inspiring new perspectives akin to art. Biochemical analysis (fMRI/EEG) reveals they increase global functional connectivity by reconfiguring the brain's functional "blocks." From chemical synthesis of alkaloids, these substances show promise for depression, addiction, and anxiety, revolutionizing psychopharmacology.
Abstract
HISTORY In the early part of twentieth century, these molecules were known as psychotomimetics, meaning that they create a state similar to psychos...
How should we design future mechanistic and/or efficacy clinical trials?
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Improvements in neuropsychiatric clinical trials could enhance therapeutic signal detection, addressing issues like high placebo response rates and imprecise assessments. With a focus on new molecular targets and innovative treatments like psychedelics, the review highlights the need for better methodologies. For instance, adopting sequential parallel comparison designs and confirming subject enrollment appropriateness can refine trial efficiency. By implementing these strategies, researchers aim to boost the performance of trials, ultimately leading to more effective treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions.
Abstract
The emergence of new molecular targets, together with the development of new approaches to neuropsychiatric diseases, involving psychedelics as wel...
Psychoactive and other ceremonial plants from a 2,000-year-old Maya ritual deposit at Yaxnohcah, Mexico.
PloS one – January 01, 2024
Summary
A remarkable find in the ancient Maya city of Yaxnohcah reveals a ritual deposit beneath a Late Preclassic ballcourt, showcasing the importance of medicinal plants in their ceremonies. Utilizing environmental DNA technology, four key plants were identified: Ipomoea corymbosa (xtabentun), Capsicum sp. (chili pepper), Hampea trilobata (jool), and Oxandra lanceolata (chilcahuite). Notably, xtabentun, known for its hallucinogenic properties, marks its first appearance in Maya archaeological contexts. This discovery highlights the intricate relationship between these plants and Maya cultural practices.
Abstract
For millennia, healing and psychoactive plants have been part of the medicinal and ceremonial fabric of elaborate rituals and everyday religious pr...
The mitogenomic landscape of Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae), the sacred liana used for ayahuasca preparation.
Genetics and molecular biology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have decoded the complete mitochondrial DNA of the sacred ayahuasca vine, revealing fascinating insights into this culturally significant Amazonian plant. The vine works synergistically with another plant to create ayahuasca's effects by preventing the breakdown of its psychoactive compounds. Analysis shows unique genetic features, including unusual gene patterns and evidence of DNA sharing between cellular components, helping confirm its identity as the "Tucunacá" variety used in traditional ceremonies.
Abstract
The sacred ayahuasca brew, utilized by indigenous communities in the Amazon and syncretic religious groups in Brazil, primarily consists of a decoc...
Time-Dependent Molecular Changes Following MDMA-Induced Nephrotoxicity.
Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR – January 01, 2024
Summary
The party drug ecstasy (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) can cause acute kidney injury through complex molecular changes. New findings reveal that a single dose temporarily disrupts kidney function by altering inflammatory signals and cell death pathways. While no permanent tissue damage occurred, the drug reduced key protective proteins that help regulate inflammation and prevent cell death through apoptosis.
Abstract
The increasing recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA) poses significant risks to human health, including reports of fatal renal failure due to its adve...
The rising use of cognitive enhancement drugs and predictors of use during COVID-19: findings from a cross-sectional survey of students and university staff in the UK.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
During COVID-19 lockdowns, UK universities saw a striking 42% increase in students using cognitive enhancement drugs like Modafinil. A survey of 736 students and staff revealed significant upticks in psychoactive drug use, including microdosing psychedelics, as people adapted to remote learning. Lower agreeableness and conscientiousness emerged as key personality factors predicting drug use.
Abstract
The use of psychoactive substances to increase cognitive performance while studying has been termed 'pharmacological cognitive enhancement' (PCE). ...
Within-subject comparison of near-death and psychedelic experiences: acute and enduring effects
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2024
Summary
Profound mystical states of consciousness, whether from near-death experiences or hallucinogens like psilocybin, ayahuasca, and mescaline, share remarkable similarities. A study of 31 adults who experienced both revealed significant overlap in their phenomenology and attribution of reality. While sensory perception differed—NDEs involved more disembodiment, psychedelics more visual imagery—both induced similar mystical-like effects. This suggests the psychology of psychedelic experiences offers a valuable lens for understanding profound, sometimes paranormal, insights.
Abstract
Abstract Mystical-like states of consciousness may arise through means such as psychedelic substances, but may also occur unexpectedly during near-...
Probing the functional magnetic resonance imaging response to psilocybin in functional neurological disorder (PsiFUND): study protocol.
Wellcome open research – January 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists are exploring how psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, might help understand and treat functional neurological disorder (FND) - a condition causing seizures and movement problems. Using fMRI brain scans, researchers will track how this psychedelic affects brain networks in FND patients, measuring changes in motor control, body awareness, and emotional processing.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of neurological symptoms including seizures and movement disorders. It can be debilitating...
Interoceptive brain network mechanisms of mindfulness-based training in healthy adolescents.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A neuroscience-based mindfulness intervention, Training for Awareness, Resilience, and Action (TARA), significantly improved sleep quality and emotional well-being in 100 healthy adolescents aged 14-18 after 12 weeks. MRI scans revealed strengthened white matter connectivity in interoceptive brain regions, particularly the right insula and putamen. Notably, increased connectivity correlated with better psychological health metrics. The TARA program demonstrated high adherence and safety, suggesting it could be an effective remote intervention for enhancing mental health during adolescence.
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in the white matter of the brain and psychological health variables, resulting from a neuroscience-based mindfulness i...
Ayahuasca for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Ancient Amazonian medicine meets modern addiction treatment: Ayahuasca, a traditional psychedelic brew, shows remarkable potential in treating alcohol use disorder. Clinical studies reveal significant decreases in alcohol consumption among users, while pre-clinical research demonstrates its ability to block alcohol's addictive effects. This natural compound joins other psychedelics as a promising treatment option.
Abstract
For decades, psychedelics have been investigated for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Specifically, evidence suggests that psychedelics may ...
Increased functional connectivity between brain regions involved in social cognition, emotion and affective-value in psychedelic states induced by N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT).
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
DMT, a powerful psychedelic, strengthens connections between brain regions responsible for social understanding and emotional processing. Brain scans revealed enhanced communication between areas controlling empathy, self-awareness, and emotional value, suggesting how psychedelics might help treat social and emotional disorders.
Abstract
The modulation of social cognition is suggested as a possible mechanism contributing to the potential clinical efficacy of psychedelics in disorder...
Síndrome serotoninérgico inducido por ayahuasca: a propósito de un caso
Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría – January 01, 2024
Summary
A 31-year-old woman experienced serotonin syndrome after her first ayahuasca ritual, highlighting the potential risks of this powerful brew. Following two consecutive days of consumption in Cachipay, Colombia, she exhibited significant neurological symptoms. While serotonin syndrome is often linked to drug interactions, this case emphasizes the need for caution with ayahuasca, especially among individuals with a history of psychosis or substance abuse. Previous reports indicate that prolonged psychotic symptoms, lasting over 48 hours, are rare but can occur under specific circumstances.
Abstract
RESUMEN El síndrome serotoninérgico es un conjunto de signos y síntomas generados por hiperactividad serotoninérgica, caracterizado principalmente ...
Psilocybin for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A magic to treat a harmony of illusions?
Journal of Indira Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences – January 01, 2024
Summary
The profound complexity of posttraumatic stress often creates an illusion of simple fixes. While psilocybin, a chemical synthesis from alkaloids, shows promise as a catalyst in psychotherapy, understanding its full psychological and psychiatric impact requires meticulous observation. Much like using a MAGIC (telescope) to study distant phenomena, integrating insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies is vital. This holistic view, emphasizing the psychotherapist's role, avoids quick chemical solutions for inherently complex problems.
Abstract
Abstract A review of the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggests it to be a complex disorder with many contributing factors. Th...
The mitogenomic landscape of Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae), the sacred liana used for ayahuasca preparation
Genetics and Molecular Biology – January 01, 2024
Summary
The complete mitochondrial genome of Banisteriopsis caapi, a key ingredient in the sacred ayahuasca brew, spans 503,502 base pairs. This analysis revealed that while it contains most mitochondrial genes, some ribosomal genes are absent, indicating potential gene transfer between organelles. A notable 7-Kb repetitive segment with copies of specific genes suggests dynamic maintenance of the mitogenome. Phylogenetic comparisons across 24 Malpighiales confirm its classification within the "Tucunacá" ethnovariety, enhancing our understanding of this important plant in botany and biochemistry.
Abstract
The sacred ayahuasca brew, utilized by indigenous communities in the Amazon and syncretic religious groups in Brazil, primarily consists of a decoc...
Mechanisms of SSRI Therapy and Discontinuation.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2024
Summary
SSRIs, commonly prescribed for depression and anxiety, often lead to withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, affecting up to 20% of users. While these medications initially boost serotonin levels, their long-term effects involve complex changes in neural plasticity that may improve emotional learning and mood. In contrast, the mechanisms behind SSRI withdrawal remain underexplored, despite evidence showing rebound increases in serotonin neuron excitability after stopping drugs like fluoxetine, citalopram, and paroxetine. This gap highlights the need for a deeper understanding of both therapeutic and withdrawal processes.
Abstract
SSRIs are one of the most widely used drug therapies in primary care and psychiatry, and central to the management of the most common mental health...
Comparing the adverse effects of ketamine and esketamine between genders using FAERS data.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Women and men experience notably different side effects from ketamine and esketamine treatments. Analysis of FDA adverse drug events revealed that men were more likely to experience physical reactions like urinary retention and hypertension with esketamine, while women showed different patterns. Signal mining of ketamine data found gender differences in toxicity responses and cardiovascular effects.
Abstract
Ketamine was developed as an anesthetic. Esketamine is the isolated S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine. They provide new avenues for the treatment of...
Major challenges in youth psychopathology: treatment-resistant depression. A narrative review.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Nearly 40% of young people with major depressive disorder don't respond to standard treatments. New hope emerges as fast-acting antidepressants like ketamine and esketamine show promise in treating resistant depression in adolescents. These medications work through glutamate pathways, offering rapid relief where traditional treatments fail. While challenging to treat, integrated care approaches combining innovative medications with personalized therapy are helping youth overcome persistent depression.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a major health issue in adolescents and young adults, leading to high levels of disability and profoundl...
Effect of Continuous Infusion of Different Doses of Esketamine on the Bispectral Index During Sevoflurane Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Drug design, development and therapy – January 01, 2024
Summary
During surgery, precise monitoring of consciousness levels is crucial. New research shows that esketamine, when combined with sevoflurane anesthesia, can affect brain activity measurements. Using the bispectral index to track awareness, doctors found that controlled doses of esketamine increased brain wave patterns while maintaining safe sedation. This led to better pain control and stable vital signs, marking a promising advance in surgical anesthesia.
Abstract
To investigate and quantify the effect of continuous esketamine infusion at different doses on the bispectral index (BIS) during sevoflurane anesth...
Widespread reductions in cortical thickness following ketamine abuse.
Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN – January 01, 2024
Summary
Long-term ketamine misuse significantly alters brain structure, with heavy users showing widespread thinning in crucial brain regions. Analysis of brain scans from 95 ketamine users revealed substantial cortical thinning, particularly in areas controlling decision-making and self-awareness. Higher lifetime ketamine use directly correlated with more severe thinning, highlighting the dose-dependent impact on brain health.
Abstract
Esketamine is a version of ketamine that has been approved for treatment-resistant depression, but our previous studies showed a link between non-m...
Facts and myths about use of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression: a narrative clinical review.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough nasal spray medication offers new hope for people who haven't responded to traditional antidepressants. Esketamine shows promising results for treatment-resistant depression, helping patients achieve remission when other medications fail. This targeted therapy works differently than standard treatments for major depressive disorder, providing rapid relief and supporting long-term recovery.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) occurs when at least two different antidepressants, taken at the right dosage, for adequate period of time and...
Effects of psychedelic microdosing versus conventional ADHD medication use on emotion regulation, empathy, and ADHD symptoms in adults with severe ADHD symptoms: A naturalistic prospective comparison study
European Psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Microdosing psychedelics significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in adults, offering a novel approach in psychiatry. Two studies, involving up to 233 and 180 individuals over four weeks, examined these chemical synthesis alkaloids' influence on emotion regulation and empathy. While a group of 37 used conventional medication, microdosing showed superior symptom reduction and improved expressive suppression, a key aspect of clinical psychology. This suggests a specific neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. However, clear evidence for enhanced empathy was not observed, despite the promise of these drug studies in psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often struggle with emotion regulation (ER), impacting their empathic skills a...
The Role of Attentional Control in Mindfulness Intervention for Emotional Distress: A Randomized Controlled Trial With Longitudinal Mediation Analyses.
Clinical psychology & psychotherapy – January 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduce emotional distress by enhancing attentional control. In a randomized controlled trial with 498 participants experiencing high emotional distress, those in the intervention group (N = 249) showed increased attentional control and decreased anxiety and depression over 49 days. Notably, changes began by Week 3, with attentional control mediating improvements in anxiety and depression at Weeks 5 and 7. This highlights the potential of mindfulness practices to foster mental well-being through better focus and attention.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether attentional control serves as a mediator for mindfulness-based interventions for emotional distress, utiliz...
Hype or hope? High placebo response in major depression treatment with ketamine and esketamine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Surprising finding: Up to 72% of the antidepressant effect seen with ketamine and esketamine may be attributed to placebo response. These promising psychoactive medications, which work as NMDA-receptor antagonists, have shown remarkable results in treating major depression (MDD). Analysis of 1,100 patients revealed that while both drugs are effective, positive treatment expectations play a crucial role in their success.
Abstract
Ketamine and esketamine offer a novel approach in the pharmacological treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This meta-analysis aimed to inv...
Identification of clerodane diterpene modifying cytochrome P450 (CYP728D26) in Salvia divinorum - en route to psychotropic salvinorin A biosynthesis.
Physiologia plantarum – January 01, 2024
Summary
A unique plant compound, salvinorin A, offers hope for new pain relievers distinct from traditional opioids. Scientists identified a crucial enzyme, CYP728D26, that performs a key modification on a precursor molecule. This breakthrough significantly advances understanding of the compound's biosynthesis, paving the way for bio-manufacturing and developing alternative analgesics.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant native to the Oaxaca in Mexico. The active ingredient for psychotropic effects in this plant is salvinor...
Ibogaine administration following repeated morphine administration upregulates myelination markers 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA and protein expression in the internal capsule of Sprague Dawley rats.
Frontiers in neuroscience – January 01, 2024
Summary
A surprising finding reveals that a psychedelic medicine could help repair brain damage from addiction. Researchers explored how ibogaine might address white matter issues often seen in opioid use disorder. Using rats, they found that after opioid exposure, ibogaine significantly boosted markers for myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. This suggests ibogaine helps oligodendrocytes repair white matter, offering a new mechanism for treating opioid use disorder and highlighting its potential as a psychedelic medicine.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychedelic alkaloid being investigated as a possible treatment for opioid use disorder. Ibogaine has a multi-receptor profile with a...