Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications
March 1, 1999
Gregory K. Poch, K. L. Klette, Domingo A. Hallare et al.
50 citations
A new LC-MS-MS method for detecting the LSD metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD) in urine is less complex, shorter, and provides cleaner chromatographic characteristics than the existing GC-MS method. All 74 urine specimens containing LSD by GC-MS also contained O-H-LSD at significantly higher concentrations, ranging from 732 to 112,831 pg/ml (mean 16,340 pg/ml). The ratio of O-H-LSD to LSD ranged from 1.1 to 778.1 (mean 42.9). The presence of O-H-LSD at substantially higher concentrations than LSD suggests that analyzing for O-H-LSD as the target analyte using LC-MS-MS will provide a much longer detection window for LSD use than analyzing the parent compound.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
May 1, 2002
K. L. Klette, C. K. Horn, P. R. Stout et al.
39 citations
A major metabolite of LSD, 2-oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD), is a superior marker for identifying LSD use because it appears in urine at concentrations 16 to 43 times higher than LSD itself. Testing a wide range of chemically similar compounds, over-the-counter products, prescription drugs, and other drugs of abuse showed none interfered with detecting O-H-LSD. The metabolite remained stable under refrigerated and frozen conditions within normal urine pH (4.6-8.4), but significant loss occurred at room temperature or higher (24-50°C). These findings support the forensic reliability of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for detecting LSD use via O-H-LSD.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
October 1, 2000
K. L. Klette, Carolyn J. Anderson, Gregory K. Poch et al.
38 citations
The metabolism of LSD into a compound called O-H-LSD occurs in human liver cells. O-H-LSD is found in human urine at 16 to 43 times the concentration of LSD itself, and earlier work ruled out its formation during sample handling or storage. This study incubated human liver microsomes and hepatocytes with LSD and used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the products. O-H-LSD was positively identified in all samples treated with LSD but not in any controls. The results definitively show that O-H-LSD is produced as a metabolic product of LSD in human liver tissue.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
April 1, 2000
Gregory K. Poch, K. L. Klette, Carolyn J. Anderson
33 citations
Two liquid chromatography methods (mass spectrometry and ion trap mass spectrometry) are compared for detecting 2-oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD), a major LSD metabolite in urine. Both procedures show linear calibration from 0 to 8,000 pg/mL with correlation coefficients above 0.99, and limits of detection and quantitation of 400 pg/mL. Reanalysis of 68 human urine specimens previously positive for LSD found O-H-LSD concentrations averaging about 16 times higher than LSD concentrations. Either method can be adapted for high-volume drug testing, and targeting this metabolite may extend the detection window for LSD use.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
July 1, 2003
Peter Stout, K. L. Klette, Russell Wiegand
21 citations
Four immunoassays for detecting amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, and MDMA were tested on about 27,500 human urine samples and 7,000 control samples over eight days. The DRI ecstasy reagent detected about 23% more MDMA-positive samples than the ONLINE reagent and had a confirmation rate near 90%. The modified ONLINE reagent, which included sodium periodate and was calibrated with MDMA, performed poorly, with control failure rates up to 38.3% and no improved MDMA sensitivity. The DRI methamphetamine reagent had a low confirmation rate (6% or less) and frequently gave positive results for samples containing only ephedrine or pseudoephedrine.
Journal of Analytical Toxicology
June 1, 2006
K. L. Klette, A. R. Kettle, M. H. Jamerson
13 citations
Over four months, 85,658 urine specimens from applicants to the United States Armed Forces were screened for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, MDMA, and MDEA using two immunoassays. The Roche Online Amphetamine immunoassay flagged 216 specimens as presumptively positive; 70 confirmed positive for amphetamine and 87 for amphetamine and/or methamphetamine, a 73% confirmation rate. The Microgenics DRI Ecstasy immunoassay flagged eight specimens; five confirmed positive for MDMA and/or MDA, a 63% confirmation rate. The overall prevalence of any of these drugs in military entrance processing stations specimens was 0.19%.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
May 20, 2015
Dīlek Battal, Allan J. Barnes, Marisol S. Castaneto et al.
6 citations
Mescaline, the psychoactive compound in peyote cactus, has been used for centuries in religious ceremonies. The US military investigated whether mescaline use posed a problem for personnel readiness. Twenty thousand seventeen urine specimens, already negative for other drugs, were screened for mescaline using a biochip array immunoassay. A sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for quantification, with a linear range of 1 to 250 mcg/L and high accuracy. Of 526 presumptive-positive and 198 negative specimens tested, none confirmed positive at the quantification limit of 1 mcg/L. Results suggest insufficient mescaline use in the military to warrant routine screening, though stability may have affected prevalence.