Drug Design Development and Therapy
December 1, 2019
Jing Wang, Jie Huang, Shuang Yang et al.
214 citations
A single 0.5 mg/kg dose of esketamine is generally safe and tolerated in Chinese patients undergoing painless gastroscopy. Compared with 1 mg/kg racemic ketamine, esketamine provides a shorter recovery time (9 minutes vs. 13 minutes) and orientation recovery time (11.5 minutes vs. 17 minutes). Adverse event rates were 75.0% for esketamine and 87.5% for racemic ketamine, with dizziness, agitation, nausea, vomiting, headache, and fatigue as main reactions; no serious adverse events occurred. Clearance of esketamine was similar between groups (18.1 and 18.4 mL/min·kg), but in the racemic group esketamine cleared faster than R-ketamine. Gender did not affect pharmacokinetics.
Drug Design Development and Therapy
October 1, 2025
4 citations
A low dose of intravenous esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) given during anesthesia induction to elderly patients with preoperative anxiety who are having gastrointestinal tumor surgery reduces the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) and enhances early cognitive function after surgery.
Drug Design Development and Therapy
February 1, 2026
Xiaoxue Qin, Hui Jiang, Yan Xie et al.
1 citation
In elderly patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection, the estimated 95% effective dose of ciprofol when combined with esketamine was 0.276 mg/kg, and when combined with sufentanil was 0.244 mg/kg. Induction time was shorter with esketamine, and during the procedure this group had lower rates of hypoxia and hypotension and less fluctuation in blood pressure and heart rate. However, time to full alertness was longer with esketamine. No significant differences were seen in the need for rescue sedation or analgesia. These findings are exploratory and strategy-specific, not evidence of superiority.
Drug Design Development and Therapy
March 1, 2026
Meng-Meng Li, Qingfeng Wei, Qian-Yun Zhu et al.
Combining low-dose dexmedetomidine with esketamine during cesarean section improves early postpartum depressive symptoms, reduces neuropsychiatric side effects during surgery, and increases maternal satisfaction, while remaining safe for both mother and newborn.