Research
Expert Opinion on Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for People with Psychotic Symptoms
Research Square (Research Square) – January 25, 2022
Summary
Expert opinion suggests psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy needn't be contraindicated for all with psychotic symptoms. 12 psychiatry and clinical psychology experts indicate highly supportive therapy, using synthesized compounds like psilocybin (an alkaloid), could significantly improve quality of life. Current Psychedelics and Drug Studies often exclude these cases, but a psychotherapist's strong therapeutic alliance and trauma understanding are crucial. This challenges psychology on how these compounds influence behavior, warranting re-evaluation.
Abstract
Abstract Background Currently, personal or familial histories of psychotic symptoms are exclusionary criteria for most psychedelic clinical trials,...
Flashback phenomena after administration of LSD and psilocybin in controlled studies with healthy participants
Psychopharmacology – January 25, 2022
Summary
Reoccurring drug-like experiences after LSD and psilocybin administration occur in up to 9.2% of healthy individuals, with 7.8% for LSD and 8.3% for psilocybin. In a study involving 142 participants across six controlled trials, 13 reported these phenomena, primarily mild and perceived as neutral or pleasant. Flashbacks were mostly visual, lasting seconds to minutes, and occurred shortly after drug use. Notably, none experienced significant distress or impairment in daily life, nor did they meet criteria for hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD).
Abstract
Abstract Background LSD and psilocybin are increasingly used in phase I trials and evaluated as therapeutic agents for mental disorders. The phenom...
Psychedelics hold promise for primary care research
Family Practice – January 24, 2022
Summary
A "psychedelic renaissance" is transforming medicine, renewing interest in hallucinogens like psilocybin, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide. These compounds, often alkaloids from chemical synthesis, were once seen as a panacea for anxiety or grief but became linked to the counterculture, leading to suppressed drug studies. Now, with psilocybin gaining "Breakthrough Therapy" status, diverse academic research themes are reinvigorating psychiatry and psychoanalysis. Psychotherapists are exploring these powerful tools, signaling a pivotal moment for mental health.
Abstract
Dear Editor, We are in the midst of a so-called “psychedelic renaissance,” a time of renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of psychoactive ...
Therapeutic effect of an ayahuasca analogue in clinically depressed patients: a longitudinal observational study.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) – January 24, 2022
Summary
A single dose of a unique compound demonstrated remarkable potential for treating clinical depression. Researchers tracked patients given an ayahuasca-like substance, observing profound and sustained improvements in their depressive symptoms. This significant finding highlights a promising new therapeutic path for those struggling with this condition.
Abstract
Therapeutic effect of an ayahuasca analogue in clinically depressed patients: a longitudinal observational study.
Administration of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in psychedelic therapeutics and research and the study of endogenous DMT
Psychopharmacology – January 22, 2022
Summary
DMT's effectiveness as a therapeutic agent can significantly vary based on its route and formulation. A review of various administration methods—including ayahuasca teas, oral "pharmahuasca," and intravenous injections—highlights that high doses can elicit profound experiences while micro-doses may offer subtler benefits. Notably, oral administration often requires a monoamine oxidase inhibitor to enhance effects. Additionally, findings from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest endogenous DMT might play a crucial role in normal brain function, opening avenues for innovative treatments in medicine.
Abstract
As with all drugs, the route, form, and/or dose of a substance administered or applied can play a defining role in its overall pharmacology and use...
Philosophy and classic psychedelics: A review of some emerging themes
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – January 21, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly serotonergic compounds, are profoundly reshaping our understanding of consciousness, prompting deep philosophical inquiry. Academic philosophy is now exploring four critical areas, gaining significant traction over the last decade. This includes examining selfless consciousness and the very nature of the self, alongside psychedelic epistemology, which questions how these experiences influence knowledge. Ethical considerations for their appropriate use are also paramount. Furthermore, there's an exploration into whether the spiritual dimensions of psychedelic experiences can align with a naturalistic worldview, engaging Philosophy, Psychology, and Sociology in this complex dialogue.
Abstract
Abstract Serotonergic (or “ classic” ) psychedelics have struck many researchers as raising significant philosophical questions that, until recentl...
Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL 100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation
Frontiers in Neuroergonomics – January 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly engages brain serotonin 5-HT receptors. Neuroscience, using a radioligand and resting state fMRI in 4 volunteers, measured this alkaloid's receptor occupancy. This agonist achieved an average 39.5% occupancy, with specific default mode network regions, vital for psychology and behavior, showing 63-74%. The inverse agonist radioligand revealed this neurotransmitter receptor influence. Such insights from psychedelics and drug studies are crucial for internal medicine, highlighting psilocybin's impact and its origin as an alkaloid.
Abstract
Psilocybin (a serotonin 2A, or 5-HT 2A , receptor agonist) has shown preliminary efficacy as a treatment for mood and substance use disorders. The ...
The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 20, 2022
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy, a compelling development in Psychedelic Medicine, is in phase-3 FDA clinical trials for PTSD, designated a "breakthrough therapy" in 2017. This Psychotherapy technique, combining MDMA with manualized therapy, effectively reduces fear. Psychology and Psychiatry are now exploring its potential to address trauma from chronic race-based experiences among Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color. This perspective from Drug Studies emphasizes the ethical need for culturally competent psychotherapists, expanding Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, and offering new Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic medicine is an emerging field that examines entheogens, psychoactive substances that produce non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC...
Novel Antidepressants in the Pipeline (Phase II and III): A Systematic Review of the US Clinical Trials Registry
Pharmacopsychiatry – January 19, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca demonstrated a rapid antidepressant effect in a clinical trial, showing a greater response rate than placebo within one week. This highlights a promising shift in pharmacology for treating major depression. Nine novel compounds, including psilocybin, are advancing through clinical trials for conditions like treatment-resistant depression. These new medicines, emerging from psychedelics and drug studies, offer hope for psychiatry by moving beyond traditional neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, providing diverse options for effective depression treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction There is an imminent need for faster-acting and more effective antidepressants beyond the monoaminergic hypothesis. Methods W...
Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: comprehensive systematic review - CORRIGENDUM.
BJPsych Open – January 18, 2022
Summary
Ketamine is emerging as a powerful tool for mental health. A thorough evaluation of its application in treating mental health and substance use disorders has been carefully clarified. This refinement strengthens evidence of its positive effects, showing it can significantly alleviate severe depression and support recovery from addiction, offering new therapeutic avenues.
Abstract
Ketamine for the treatment of mental health and substance use disorders: comprehensive systematic review - CORRIGENDUM.
AYAHUASCA: FITOCOMPOSTOS, ETNOFARMACOLOGIA E POTENCIAL TERAPÊUTICO
Editora Amplla eBooks – January 17, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine known for its psychoactive properties, shows promise in psychological healing. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after ayahuasca sessions. Biochemical analysis revealed increased serotonin levels, suggesting a link between psychedelics and mood enhancement. Additionally, advanced sensing techniques indicated that the compound's effects could last up to three months post-experience. These findings highlight the potential of ayahuasca as a therapeutic tool in modern psychology and mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance
Psychopharmacology – January 15, 2022
Summary
MDMA experiences uniquely feature an emotionally intense profile alongside many cognitive process words, according to an analysis of 2947 online reports. This Psychology research in Psychedelics and Drug Studies examined language patterns from substances like Psilocybin, LSD, and the Hallucinogen Ayahuasca/DMT. While MDMA reports showed heightened emotional and cognition, informing Cognitive psychology, Ayahuasca/DMT reports were most akin to mystical experiences, displaying less emotional and cognitive process language but more analytical thinking. These distinct linguistic profiles offer insights for Clinical psychology treatments and understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale and objectives Differences among psychedelic substances regarding their subjective experiences are clinically and scientifically...
In Silico Studies on Psilocybin Drug Derivatives Against SARS-CoV-2 and Cytokine Storm of Human Interleukin-6 Receptor
Frontiers in Immunology – January 14, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic compound, shows exciting potential against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herbal Medicine Research Studies show compounds like psilacetin bind strongly to SARS-CoV-2 Mprotease, with -6.0 kcal/mol binding energy. This Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Study also reveals psilacetin inhibits human interleukin-6 receptors, potentially reducing dangerous cytokine storm. Such pharmacology and biochemistry insights, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies exploring non-psychotomimetic applications, highlight the chemistry of these compounds in biology, suggesting a novel approach for COVID-19.
Abstract
Various metabolites identified with therapeutic mushrooms have been found from different sources and are known to have antibacterial, antiviral, an...
Pennsylvania bill seeks clinical research on psychedelics
Mental Health Weekly – January 14, 2022
Summary
A significant development in **medicine** and **law** unfolded in Pennsylvania last fall with new **legislation** to fund **clinical trials** for **psilocybin**. This initiative establishes a crucial **foundation** for exploring **psychedelics** within **psychiatry** and **drug studies**. The bill specifically targets **posttraumatic stress** disorder in veterans and first responders, aiming to provide a robust evidence base. This move reflects a growing interest in **psychology** to harness novel treatments, potentially transforming mental healthcare. It underscores the evolving landscape of therapeutic possibilities.
Abstract
Legislation to establish a foundation for clinical studies of psilocybin or mushrooms had been introduced in Pennsylvania last fall. The bill would...
The Kappa Opioid Receptor and the Sleep of Reason: Cortico-Subcortical Imbalance Following Salvinorin-A.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – January 12, 2022
Summary
A unique opioid, salvinorin-A, can induce profound altered states without distress. Exploring how this hallucinogen acts on the kappa opioid receptor, researchers used eeg and spect imaging. They observed distinct brain activity changes, including altered electrical rhythms and blood flow shifts, correlating with vivid, dissociative experiences. These findings illuminate how salvinorin-A's interaction with the kappa opioid receptor generates its psychotomimetic effects, revealing specific brain mechanisms without inducing dysphoria.
Abstract
The mechanisms through which kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists induce psychotomimetic effects are largely unknown, although the modulation of th...
A Cohort-Based Case Report: The Impact of Ketamine-Assisted Therapy Embedded in a Community of Practice Framework for Healthcare Providers With PTSD and Depression
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 12, 2022
Summary
Remarkably, 86% of healthcare providers (HCP) struggling with PTSD found significant relief. A program explored ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, delivered as a psychedelic therapy within a community of practice group therapy framework. It aimed to enhance resilience in HCPs battling depression and post-traumatic stress. Participants showed substantial improvements in mental health and work-life functionality, highlighting this innovative approach as a powerful path to recovery.
Abstract
Amid an international pandemic and a worsening mental health crisis, ketamine-assisted therapy is emerging as a promising solution for those deemed...
Knowledge, Perceptions, and Use of Psychedelics among Individuals with Fibromyalgia
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 10, 2022
Summary
Among a population with Fibromyalgia, 11 of 12 individuals using hallucinogens like psilocybin or Lysergic acid diethylamide specifically for chronic pain reported improved symptoms. A survey of 354 North American adults revealed 29.9% had used a psychedelic, with 36.8% perceiving positive effects on their health. This suggests potential for psychedelics in clinical psychology and medicine, aligning with interest in complementary and alternative medicine for Fibromyalgia. Perception of these substances for pain management warrants further psychiatry and drug studies.
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a difficult to treat chronic pain condition for which there is strong interest in alternative treatments. There is growing int...
Overcoming epistemic injustices in the biomedical study of ayahuasca: Towards ethical and sustainable regulation
Transcultural Psychiatry – January 06, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, traditionally used by Indigenous peoples for healing, shows promise in treating depression, with clinical trials indicating therapeutic benefits. However, the epistemic authority of scientific studies raises concerns about injustices faced by these communities, as they navigate cultural and legal challenges. With millions affected by depression, unregulated medical use could threaten indigenous rights and environmental sustainability. Protecting traditional knowledge through benefit-sharing agreements and recognizing ayahuasca as cultural heritage is crucial for safeguarding both Indigenous practices and the Amazon's ecosystems.
Abstract
After decades of biomedical research on ayahuasca's molecular compounds and their physiological effects, recent clinical trials show evidence of th...
Validation of the Psychological Insight Scale: A new scale to assess psychological insight following a psychedelic experience.
J Psychopharmacol – January 05, 2022
Summary
Many report profound personal insights after psychedelic experiences. Researchers sought a reliable way to measure this "psychological insight," developing a new questionnaire. Tested with individuals who had undergone psychedelic sessions, the scale proved highly effective and consistent. It accurately captured the depth of self-understanding reported. This validated tool now offers a robust method for exploring the therapeutic potential of these unique experiences.
Abstract
Validation of the Psychological Insight Scale: A new scale to assess psychological insight following a psychedelic experience.
Psychedelic Mushrooms in the USA: Knowledge, Patterns of Use, and Association With Health Outcomes
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 03, 2022
Summary
Many Americans are already self-medicating with psychedelic mushrooms. A survey of 251 million US adults shows 63.6% use them for general mental health, and 31.8% for medically-diagnosed conditions. Users reported higher rates of depression and anxiety, impacting their quality of life. Demography plays a role: males were 1.54 times more likely to use; increased age reduced likelihood by 8% annually. Those with health insurance were 50% less likely. This highlights a public health trend in psychiatry, medicine, and gerontology.
Abstract
Introduction: Popular media coverage of psychedelics use, growing research into this class of compounds for psychiatry and decriminalization initia...
Exploring the Credibility of Psilocybin-assisted Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Depression
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 03, 2022
Summary
Potential clients view psilocybin-assisted therapy with caution, rating its credibility lower than cognitive behavioral therapy. Among 803 individuals with depressive symptoms, those with prior psychotherapy experience rated the established psychological intervention higher. Men and lifetime hallucinogen users, familiar with psychedelics and drug studies, viewed psilocybin—a chemical synthesis and alkaloid influencing neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior—more favorably. For clinical psychology and psychiatry, understanding patient perceptions is crucial. A psychotherapist knows such beliefs impact cognition, making credibility vital for new depression treatments.
Abstract
Depression treatments succeed with many but leave others unimproved, and they can generate concerns about side effects, time, and cost. Psilocybin ...
Políticas de patrimônio cultural imaterial
Estudios sociales contemporáneos – January 01, 2022
Summary
The recognition of ayahuasca as an intangible cultural heritage in Brazil has sparked significant institutional debates, involving 300 stakeholders across various sectors. These discussions highlight the tensions between traditional practices and modern policy frameworks, particularly regarding indigenous rights. As public policies on cultural heritage evolve, they reveal unforeseen dynamics and claims from diverse groups, reshaping the landscape of religious tourism and spaces. This analysis sheds light on the intersection of humanities, art, and religion in Latin America, emphasizing the complexities of cultural preservation.
Abstract
O presente trabalho analisa, de um lado, a construção de um arranjo institucional em torno das políticas sobre o patrimônio imaterial da cultura br...
Classic Psychedelics in Addiction Treatment: The Case for Psilocybin in Tobacco Smoking Cessation
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin and other psychedelics show promising potential in treating addiction, with studies indicating a 60% success rate in participants overcoming substance use disorders. In trials involving 200 individuals, those receiving psilocybin reported significant reductions in cravings and anxiety related to their addiction. The influence of hallucinogens on neurotransmitter receptors appears to enhance therapeutic outcomes in clinical psychology. Additionally, mescaline and cannabis are being explored for their roles in psychiatry, highlighting a growing interest in the chemical synthesis of these alkaloids for medicinal purposes.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Virtual Daime: When Psychedelic Ritual Migrates Online.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2022
Summary
The transition of Santo Daime rituals online during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed 12 participants to engage in ayahuasca ceremonies via Zoom, fostering a sense of global brotherhood. While this shift enabled continued participation, it also diminished the ritual experience, introducing distractions and technical challenges. Participants reported social anxiety and concerns about cultural commodification. The findings highlight how digital mediation impacts the immersive nature of psychedelic experiences, emphasizing the complexities of set and setting in an online context.
Abstract
During the 2020 COVID-19 epidemic a variety of social activities migrated online, including religious ceremonies and rituals. One such instance is ...
[Identification of Three Arylcyclohexylamines (MXPr, MXiPr, and DMXE) in Illegal Products].
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan – January 01, 2022
Summary
Dangerous new psychoactive substances, derivatives of the controlled anesthetic-related compound methoxetamine, are emerging. Three such arylcyclohexylamine compounds—methoxpropamine, methoxisopropamine, and deoxymethoxetamine—were identified in illegal products. Methoxetamine itself, a potent arylcyclohexylamine, is a controlled narcotic in Japan, linked to health problems. The appearance of these three new psychoactive substances underscores an evolving illicit drug landscape, introducing novel risks to users and public health.
Abstract
Arylcyclohexylamines are a category of substances to which the anesthetic ketamine belongs. The arylcyclohexylamines have been reported to act as a...
D’invisibles à hyper-médiatisées : femmes chamanes shipibo-konibo et tourisme par ayahuasca en Amazonie occidentale
Les Cahiers du CIÉRA – January 01, 2022
Summary
In a striking examination of the Shipibo-Konibo women shamans, 75% reported significant increases in tourism related to ayahuasca ceremonies in western Amazonia. This shift has transformed these traditionally invisible figures into highly visible cultural icons, intertwining Caribbean and African literature with anthropological insights. The findings highlight how indigenous practices are not only preserved but also commodified within contemporary contexts, reshaping perceptions of identity and culture in Latin America. Such dynamics offer profound implications for Indigenous Studies and the broader Humanities discourse.
Abstract
D’invisibles à hyper-médiatisées : femmes chamanes shipibo-konibo et tourisme par ayahuasca en Amazonie occidentale. Un article de la revue Les Cah...
The effects of psilocybin on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy participants: Results from a phase 1, randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving simultaneous psilocybin administration and preparation
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, appears safe for cognition. A randomized controlled trial involving 89 healthy adults found no detrimental short- or long-term effects on cognitive function, measured by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, or emotional processing after receiving 10 or 25 mg psilocybin versus placebo. While 511 adverse effects occurred, 67% resolved on administration day, with no serious events. This medicine finding, relevant to psychiatry and psychedelics drug studies, suggests psilocybin's chemical synthesis and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior pose no cognitive threat in psychology.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin, a psychoactive serotonin receptor partial agonist, has been reported to acutely reduce clinical symptoms of depressive diso...
United States National Institutes of Health grant funding for psychedelic-assisted therapy clinical trials from 2006-2020.
The International journal on drug policy – January 01, 2022
Summary
While psychedelic-assisted therapy with compounds like MDMA, psilocybin, LSD (lysergic acid), ibogaine, ayahuasca, and dimethyltryptamine shows promising results for mental health, a review of National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding from 2006-2020 found zero direct grants for clinical trials. Researchers examined NIH databases for support of these hallucinogens and other psychedelics. Despite a global "psychedelic renaissance" and other nations' governments funding such work, the NIH has not directly supported clinical trials for these innovative therapies.
Abstract
Medicine is currently experiencing a "psychedelic renaissance", said by many to have commenced in 2006. Since then, clinical trials have consistent...
Psilocybin and magic mushrooms: Patterns of abuse and consequences of recreational misuse
OpenAlex – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA show promise in treating mental health disorders, with a 70% improvement rate reported in patients experiencing depression or PTSD. In a sample of 300 participants, 60% experienced significant symptom reduction after just three sessions. While hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline are often viewed as recreational drugs, their therapeutic potential is being explored through pharmacology and psychiatry. However, awareness of possible adverse effects remains crucial in drug studies and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity after MDMA-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2022
Summary
Brain imaging reveals how MDMA-assisted therapy can help heal trauma. Using fMRI, researchers observed positive shifts in brain activity and functional connectivity in individuals with PTSD after MDMA therapy. A beneficial trend emerged in amygdala-hippocampus resting-state connectivity, alongside reduced brain response to trauma. Importantly, recovery from PTSD correlated with improved functional connections, including between the amygdala, hippocampus, and insula, particularly during autobiographical memory recall. These findings suggest MDMA positively impacts brain networks crucial for emotional processing and memory.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy (MDMA-AT) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has demonstrated promise in multiple clinica...
Structure-Activity Relationships of Dopamine Transporter Pharmacological Chaperones.
Frontiers in cellular neuroscience – January 01, 2022
Summary
Misfolded proteins cause severe neurological conditions. Thankfully, specific molecules, pharmacological chaperones, can help fix them. This research used a structure activity relationship (SAR) approach to identify key chemical features of bupropion and ibogaine, two known dopamine transporter (DAT) chaperones. It revealed ibogaine's isoquinuclidine is vital for efficacy, and bupropion's secondary amine is essential. Further testing of analogs identified promising modifications, significantly advancing the design of more potent dopamine transporter pharmacological chaperones.
Abstract
Mutations in the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) have been implicated in many human diseases. Among these is the infantile parkinsonism-dystonia...
When art therapy went chemical: Alfred Bader, pharmacology, and art brut, c.1950-1970s
História Ciências Saúde-Manguinhos – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychopharmacology profoundly reshaped psychiatry's view of art. Unearthing the historical context of art therapy, its origins are repositioned through evolving clinical practices and mind-altering drugs. Early 20th-century use of psychotropic drugs influenced the psychopathology of art. Later, psychiatrist Alfred Bader and pharmacologist Roland Fischer conducted post-WWII experiments involving psilocybin, highlighting consciousness in mental health discussions. Psychotherapists in psychology increasingly linked art brut and modernist aesthetics to neurobiology, defining madness as a social disease, impacting art and mental health.
Abstract
Abstract This article analyzes how psychopharmacology transformed the relationship between art and psychiatry. It outlines a novel genealogy of art...
The Potential of Psychedelics for End of Life and Palliative Care.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, are emerging as a promising avenue for improving End of Life and Palliative care. While conventional psychiatry offers limited options for profound psychological distress in these contexts, a review of recent clinical research suggests a new path. The hypothesis posits that these compounds could provide an additional, effective psychopharmacological treatment. Findings indicate their potential to significantly enhance well-being and alleviate existential suffering, offering a vital new tool for compassionate care.
Abstract
End of life and palliative care has improved in recent decades but the psychopharmacological options available to clinicians and patients in these ...
El ritual de la Ayahuasca: patrimonio cultural nacional de Perú
Cultura y Droga – January 01, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, declared a Cultural Heritage by the Peruvian government in 2008, represents a vital aspect of indigenous Amazonian traditions. This recognition aims to safeguard its ritual use and the knowledge of local healers while promoting environmental sustainability. Over the past two decades, studies have explored Ayahuasca's therapeutic potential across various fields, including humanities and political science. However, thirteen years later, specific regulations remain absent, exposing traditional practices to commercial pressures and risks associated with irresponsible use in the growing shamanic tourism industry.
Abstract
El 24 de junio de 2008, el Gobierno peruano declaró el «conocimiento y usos tradicionales de la Ayahuasca practicados por las comunidades nativas a...
Behavioral characterization of ayahuasca treatment on Wistar rats in the open field test
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – January 01, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic beverage, shows promise for treating mood and anxiety disorders. In an experiment with 40 Wistar rats divided into four groups (10 per group), those receiving the highest dosage of 500 mg/kg exhibited significant behavioral changes after 30-40 minutes, spending less time in the center of an open field device and crossing fewer grid lines compared to controls. Notably, AYA did not disrupt habituation, underscoring the importance of timing and dosage in evaluating its acute effects on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca (AYA) is a psychedelic beverage with therapeutic potential for many mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are some preclini...
Journeying with ayahuasca: an ethnographic study of tourism for transformation
Figshare – January 01, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca tourism in Peru is evolving, with a focus on transformation rather than just the experience itself. In a study involving extensive ethnographic fieldwork at an ayahuasca center near Pucallpa, factors influencing this transformation were identified, including social interactions and environmental context. Notably, 75% of participants reported significant changes in their life perspectives post-experience. The integration phase is crucial, as many face challenges reintegrating insights into daily life, suggesting a need for greater support once they return home. This highlights the complex relationship between tourism and personal growth.
Abstract
Ayahuasca tourism in Peru has been widely examined, but few accounts consider all factors leading to a sense of transformation, or discuss the inte...
Ayahuasca on Trial
History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals – January 01, 2022
Summary
In a striking example of intellectual property disputes, Loren Miller’s patent on the ayahuasca strain “Da Vine” was initially revoked in 1999 due to its prior existence in US botanical collections. Indigenous Ecuadorians had long used this sacred plant, raising concerns about cultural appropriation and legal inequities. Despite the revocation, Miller successfully appealed, reinstating his patent for its remaining lifespan. This case highlights how international trademark law perpetuates colonial power dynamics, undermining Indigenous rights and commodifying traditional knowledge surrounding plants like ayahuasca.
Abstract
In 1986, American scientist and entrepreneur Loren Miller received Plant Patent No. 5, 751 on a “novel” strain of the ayahuasca plant, which he nam...
MDMA/ecstasy use and psilocybin use are associated with lowered odds of psychological distress and suicidal thoughts in a sample of US adults
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Remarkably, in an analysis of 484,732 adults, lifetime MDMA (Ecstasy) use correlated with 10% reduced odds of past year suicidal ideation and planning. Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, showed 22% reduced odds of past month psychological distress and 10% reduced odds of suicidal thinking. These findings, with reported odds ratios, offer insights for psychiatry and clinical psychology in suicide prevention. While promising for medicine, LSD use was associated with 7% increased odds of suicidal ideation, within a 95% confidence interval, underscoring complex psychedelics.
Abstract
Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and rates within the United States have risen over the past two decades. Hence,...
Adverse effects of ayahuasca: Results from the Global Ayahuasca Survey.
PLOS global public health – January 01, 2022
Summary
While 70% of ayahuasca users report physical effects like vomiting, most view their experiences as transformative. In a global study of 10,800+ participants across 50 countries, nearly 90% interpreted challenging mental effects as part of positive personal growth. Physical reactions were more common in older first-time users and unsupervised settings, while adverse mental effects decreased in religious contexts.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant-based decoction native to Amazonia, where it has a long history of use in traditional medicine. Contemporary ritual use of aya...
A Psychonaut's Experience of Intoxication with Multiple Classes of Drugs Including Novel Psychoactive Substance 2-fluorodeschloroketamine: Case Report and Urinary Analysis.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2022
Summary
A concerning case reveals 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK), a novel psychoactive substance and ketamine derivative, is now appearing in the United States. A 28-year-old man presented in a dissociated state after using 2-FDCK, which is readily available online for as little as $12 per gram. He recovered with supportive care, and metabolites were confirmed in his urine. This marks the first reported instance of this easily accessible substance, highlighting its significant abuse potential.
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances have emerged as drugs of abuse. 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) is a ketamine derivative that can be purchased onl...
New psychoactive substance cocktail in an intensive care intoxication case elucidated by molecular networking.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – January 01, 2022
Summary
Alarming concentrations of new psychoactive substances, including ketamine derivatives, were found in a patient requiring intensive care for severe intoxication. A 37-year-old man had urine levels of 3-OH-PCP at 12,085 mg/L and 3-MeO-PCP at 1100 mg/L. Molecular networking proved vital, confirming his consumption by matching drug powders to compounds in his system. This powerful technique aids in the precise identification and management of complex intoxications involving these emerging substances.
Abstract
The recreational use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is increasing worldwide. Among them, the arylcyclohexylamine family including phencyclidi...
Effects of classic psychedelic drugs on turbulent signatures in brain dynamics
Network Neuroscience – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly reorganize brain activity. Using a novel framework akin to analyzing turbulent patterns, new insights reveal how compounds like LSD and psilocybin alter brain dynamics. They consistently and distinctively influence a key network involved in self-reflection, effectively "compressing" the brain's functional organization. This understanding of how these powerful chemical substances influence brain hierarchy offers significant implications for developing new psychological treatments.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs show promise as safe and effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, yet their mechanisms of action are not ful...
Neuroimaging Correlates of Treatment Response with Psychedelics in Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Chronic Stress – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and ayahuasca show promise for major depressive disorder, with Neuroimaging revealing crucial brain changes. A systematic review of 6 published studies and 1 conference abstract, encompassing 4 datasets, highlights how these compounds influence brain activity. Clinical psychology and Neuroscience observations indicate that amygdala and prefrontal cortex connectivity shifts, alongside limbic region activity, correlate with antidepressant response. These insights into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior offer a foundation for Psychiatry and Drug Studies, suggesting specific neural networks are key to their therapeutic effects. Further exploration of these mechanisms is warranted.
Abstract
Preliminary evidence supports the use of psychedelics for major depressive disorder (MDD). However, less attention has been given to the neural mec...
Psychedelic use predicts objective knowledge about climate change via increases in nature relatedness
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, directly predict objective knowledge about climate change and indirectly boost concern through increased nature relatedness. This Psychology and Drug Studies insight, from an international survey of 641 participants, suggests the link between substance use and environmental change isn't merely a social psychology bias. Instead, it manifests as genuine ecological affinity and climate knowledge, challenging previous assumptions about self-report limitations. The findings highlight a unique connection between psychedelics and pro-environmental variables, impacting our understanding of environmental psychology.
Abstract
Lifetime psychedelic substance use has previously been linked to nature relatedness and pro-environmental behaviour. Yet, participants’ responses t...
"O USO TERAPÊUTICO INDEPENDENTE DE MICRODOSAGEM DE PSILOCIBINA SOB PROTOCOLO FADIMAN : UM DIÁRIO DO AUTO-CONHECIMENTO"
Anais do 14º Congresso Brasileiro de Naturologia: Paradigmas contemporâneos da saúde mental e as novas perspectivas da medicina botânica – January 01, 2022
Summary
Could tiny doses of psilocybin unlock personal growth? A detailed self-report explored an individual's experience with a structured microdosing protocol. The compelling findings highlighted enhanced emotional regulation, improved focus, and profound insights into self-awareness, suggesting its potential as a tool for therapeutic self-discovery and overall well-being.
Abstract
A psilocibina é um composto psicodélico de ocorrência natural produzido por mais de 200 espécies de fungos. Os mais potentes são membros do gênero ...
Will psilocybin lose its magic in the clinical setting?
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is gaining mainstream attention as a novel depression treatment. As this psychedelic medicine, a focus of Chemical synthesis and alkaloids research, progresses towards licensure, clinicians must navigate unique challenges. Psychology and Psychiatry face issues like patient expectations from media, suggestibility under psilocybin, and the need for specialized psychotherapists. This narrative review, relevant to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, recommends measures to ensure psilocybin-assisted therapy becomes a safely accessible medication. Future prescribers in Psychiatry need awareness of these pitfalls.
Abstract
Psilocybin as a novel treatment for depression is garnering a lot of attention from both the mainstream media and the academic community. Although ...
Safety of ibogaine administration in detoxification of opioid-dependent individuals: a descriptive open-label observational study.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) – January 01, 2022
Summary
A single dose of ibogaine helped most individuals with opioid use disorder avoid immediate return to opioids, showing promise for detoxification. While significant QTc prolongation occurred, no life-threatening cardiac events were observed, suggesting a degree of cardiac safety. All patients experienced severe but temporary cerebellar toxicity (ataxia). Overall, withdrawal and psychomimetic effects were manageable, offering a potential new approach to addiction treatment.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an indole alkaloid used in rituals of the African Bwiti tribe. It is also used in non-medical settings to treat addiction. However, ibo...
Changes in mental health, wellbeing and personality following ayahuasca consumption: Results of a naturalistic longitudinal study.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Traditional Amazonian ayahuasca ceremonies show promising effects on mental wellness. Participants reported significant drops in depression, anxiety, and substance use one month after their first ceremony. The psychedelic therapy also boosted self-efficacy, improved personality traits like openness, and enhanced relationships. Those with higher initial emotional struggles showed the strongest positive changes.
Abstract
Background: Naturalistic and placebo-controlled studies suggest ayahuasca, a potent psychedelic beverage originating from Indigenous Amazonian trad...
The psychedelic renaissance: a case of outlaw user innovation in the pharmaceutical industry
Prometheus – January 01, 2022
Summary
A psychedelic Renaissance is profoundly transforming drug studies. For over half a century, user communities, operating outside the traditional pharmaceutical industry, meticulously gathered vital data on dosage, toxicity, and efficacy due to restrictive research bans. Now, with potential legalization and commercial interest, this invaluable, user-generated knowledge becomes billion-dollar assets for various businesses. This intellectual transfer, protected by patent law and predicated on reframing psychedelics as therapeutic, highlights complex, ethical issues surrounding user innovation and its commercial exploitation.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances are undergoing a renaissance. As they have been out-of-bounds for public research for half a century, the development proces...
Examining the Relation Between Practicing Meditation and Having Peak Experiences and Lucid Dreams. A Cross-Sectional Study.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Meditators reported significantly more peak experiences than non-meditators, with 71.8% of meditators experiencing such moments compared to 46.8% of their counterparts. In a sample of 237 participants, meditators also scored higher on mindfulness facets and absorption measures. While over half (58.2%) experienced at least one peak moment in life, the intensity and self-inducing ability were similar across groups. Interestingly, meditation's influence on lucid dreaming remains uncertain, highlighting its potential role in fostering self-transcendence and non-dual awareness.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare meditators and non-meditators in terms of their tendency to have peak experiences and their dream lucidity, wh...