Research
Ayahuasca Lyophilization (Freeze-drying) Protocol with Pre- and Post-procedure Alkaloids Quantification
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 17, 2021
Summary
A reproducible five-day protocol for freeze-drying ayahuasca yields approximately 295 grams of extract from two liters of the traditional brew, maintaining similar alkaloid concentrations. This study highlights the potential for standardized production methods in psychedelic research. The freeze-dried ayahuasca, with a dry matter content of 14.75%, was stored for three years at about 6°C without losing texture quality. Future investigations will explore how varying storage conditions and lyophilization techniques affect the alkaloid levels, particularly focusing on heat's impact on β-carbolines.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew from the decoction of different Amazonian plants, traditionally used in several cultures, religions, and rituals. ...
Increasing Prevalence of Ketamine in Drivers in New York City Including the Identification of 2-Fluoro-Deschloroketamine.
Journal of analytical toxicology – September 17, 2021
Summary
An analysis of New York City driving incidents revealed a stark reality: recreational ketamine use is a persistent and growing problem. From 2015-2020, 47 cases of suspected driving under the influence (DUID) involved ketamine, with 100% confirmed as non-medical misuse. This trend is increasing. Most drivers were male (94%) and aged 21-39 (85%), frequently combining ketamine with other substances like cannabinoids (38%) or alcohol (32%). This underscores the ongoing challenge of recreational ketamine use despite its expanding therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used in veterinary and human medicine since the 1970s. Its clinical use has expanded to control of seizures, ...
Global bioethical challenges of medicalising psychedelics
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 17, 2021
Summary
Despite promising preliminary results for mental health, the re-medicalization of psychedelics presents significant bioethics challenges. A normative analysis, informed by engineering ethics and sociology, warns against reductionism. It suggests that reducing the complex psychological experiences induced by psychedelics, including those from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, to mere therapeutic tools risks exploiting ecological sources and traditional knowledge. This epistemological shift could diminish their efficacy and appropriate practices from Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, impacting the future of Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is an emerging psychiatric treatment that is attracting significant scientific, medical, and public att...
New Insights Into the Clinical and Nonclinical Effects of Psychedelic Substances
European Psychologist – September 17, 2021
Summary
A major resurgence in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), powerful hallucinogens, show promise in Clinical psychology. Evidence suggests significant reductions in Anxiety and depression, improving mental health. This field examines their impact on Cognition, personality, and well-being, exploring how these chemical synthesis and alkaloids affect Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. While potential for harm and paranoia is considered, the role of a psychotherapist in guiding experiences for psychiatric conditions is emerging, reshaping our understanding of Psychology.
Abstract
Abstract. After decades of stagnation, research on psychedelic substances (such as lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, or N,N-dimethyltry...
Neuropsychological Functioning in Users of Serotonergic Psychedelics – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Frontiers in Pharmacology – September 16, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca use may enhance executive cognition, a compelling finding from a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies (N=539) identified via databases like MEDLINE. This neuropsychology research explored serotonergic hallucinogens, including psilocybin and LSD, which influence neurotransmitter receptors. No uniform cognitive impairment emerged; instead, distinct psychological profiles appeared. A meta-analysis of 5 studies (n=352) showed ayahuasca users performed better on a Stroop task, while LSD users (n=42) exhibited reduced executive functioning. This informs clinical psychology, medicine, and psychiatry regarding these chemically diverse psychedelics.
Abstract
Background: Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) like LSD, psilocybin, DMT, and mescaline are a heterogeneous group of substances that share agonism at ...
A Qualitative Exploration of Relational Ethical Challenges and Practices in Psychedelic Healing
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – September 16, 2021
Summary
As psychedelic therapies near approval, underground psychotherapists navigate complex ethical challenges using MDMA and psilocybin. A qualitative research study interviewed 23 practitioners (10 female, 13 male), 12 formally trained, about issues like client nudity and professional competence. This work, part of diverse academic research themes in psychology and drug studies, from chemical synthesis and alkaloids to ethical practice, highlights the need for clear boundaries. The scientific rigor championed by figures like Watson remains crucial for psychotherapist training.
Abstract
As both 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)- and psilocybin-assisted psychedelic psychotherapy near U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ap...
The therapeutical role of psychedelic drugs in treatment of mental disorders
Bulletin of Integrative Psychiatry – September 15, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics, historically used in spiritual practices, are now demonstrating significant therapeutic promise in modern Psychiatry. These powerful compounds, central to many Drug Studies, include two main groups: indoleamines like psilocybin and LSD, and phenethylamines such as mescaline. Their influence on behavior stems from acting primarily on the 5-HT2 serotonergic Neurotransmitter Receptor. This mechanism is being explored in Psychology and Medicine for conditions like anxiety, major depressive disorder, and addictions. The chemical synthesis of certain alkaloids offers new tools for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs (also called hallucinogens, psychotogenics, psycholytics, entheogens) are substances that act mainly on the 5-HT2 serotonergic re...
Do Psychedelics Change Beliefs?
OpenAlex – September 15, 2021
Summary
Psychedelic consumption profoundly alters human beliefs, not by creating new ones, but by changing how existing beliefs are formed. These substances influence affect and others' suggestions, impacting belief imputation—a core aspect of social psychology and cognition. Baseline beliefs also shape the acute and lasting effects. Understanding these mechanisms, which involve neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and warrant biochemical analysis, is vital for harnessing psychedelics' potential for human flourishing, as highlighted in psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
Renewed interest in psychedelics has reignited the debate about whether and how they change human beliefs. In both the clinical and social-cognitiv...
Is MDD the right target for early-stage psychedelic-assisted therapy trials?
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – September 15, 2021
Summary
Early clinical trials suggest Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) may be an unsuitable target for initial Psychedelics and Drug Studies. The abstract argues MDD's broad definition complicates finding reliable signals for any psychological intervention, like psilocybin-assisted therapy versus escitalopram. Current psychiatric rating scales, such as QIDS, inadequately capture crucial quality of life (healthcare) aspects, vital for assessing these interventions. Moreover, the acceptance fostered by psilocybin, guided by a psychotherapist, can diverge from conventional symptom reduction goals in clinical psychology, making MDD a non-ideal focus for these randomized controlled trials.
Abstract
Abstract The recently published Imperial College study of a Phase II, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing psilocybin-assisted ther...
From psychiatry to neurology: Psychedelics as prospective therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders
Journal of Neurochemistry – September 14, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is revolutionizing psychiatry, uniquely improving major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms long-term after a single treatment. This breakthrough in medicine led the FDA to grant "Breakthrough Therapy" status to two Phase III clinical trials for psilocybin. Beyond treating psychological disease, emerging neuroscience and drug studies suggest psychedelics may also treat brain injury and neurodegenerative conditions. These compounds foster neuroplasticity, offering new avenues for neurology and understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract The studies of psychedelics, especially psychedelic tryptamines like psilocybin, are rapidly gaining interest in neuroscience research. Mu...
Assessing the effects of methodological differences on outcomes in the use of psychedelics in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 14, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) offer profound benefits for mental health. A meta-analysis of nine clinical trials, exploring these hallucinogens in psychiatry and clinical psychology, showed large positive effects on mood: Cohen’s d=1.26 for anxiety and d=1.38 for depression. These drug studies indicate sustained improvements. Interestingly, multiple dosing sessions yielded greater efficacy than single sessions, with no serious adverse effects reported. This medicine, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, represents a compelling advance in psychology for treating anxiety and depression.
Abstract
Background: Classical psychedelics are a group of drugs which act as agonists on the serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) receptor. Evidence suggests they may hav...
Safety pharmacology of acute LSD administration in healthy subjects
Psychopharmacology – September 13, 2021
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) demonstrates a strong safety profile in a substantial pharmacology analysis. Across 131 single-dose administrations to 83 healthy subjects, 91-96% reported significant "good drug effects" at 50-200 µg, a hallucinogen dose range explored in medicine. Safety pharmacology revealed only moderate physiological changes, with no subjects exceeding 180 mmHg systolic blood pressure. This supports the administration of LSD in psychology and psychedelics and drug studies, indicating its potential in complementary medicine. Biochemical analysis confirmed unaltered organ function.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used in psychiatric and psychological research and investigated as a potential treatment for...
In Vitro Study of the Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of the Main Compounds Present in Ayahuasca Beverages
Molecules – September 13, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca's key compounds, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine and various β-carboline alkaloids, demonstrate significant bioavailability after in vitro digestion. In tests involving Caco-2 cells, these compounds were effectively absorbed, with no cytotoxic effects observed on the cell monolayer. The study analyzed four plant decoctions and mixtures, revealing that the psychoactive components became bioaccessible during digestion. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the integrity of the cell layer remained intact throughout the process, highlighting the potential of natural compounds in pharmacological applications.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage that contains the psychoactive compound N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carboline alkaloids. This study aims at d...
New Frontiers or a Bursting Bubble? Psychedelic Therapy Beyond the Dichotomy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 10, 2021
Summary
Despite a 2021 Phase II study showing no primary outcome advantage for psilocybin-assisted therapy over escitalopram, secondary measures favored psilocybin for depression. This sparked critical discussions in Psychiatry, Psychology, and therapeutic fields like Psychoanalysis, questioning trial methodology for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Psychotherapists in Medicine suggest the "bubble" of enthusiasm might be bursting. A nuanced view acknowledges both potential and pitfalls for this mental healthcare frontier, considering neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and chemical synthesis of alkaloids.
Abstract
The publication in April 2021 of the Imperial College London Phase II study investigating \nthe efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy vs. esc...
Psychedelics and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review Unraveling the Biological Underpinnings of Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 10, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable therapeutic potential for stress-related disorders, offering antidepressant, anxiolytic, and cognitive benefits. Neuroscience indicates these drug studies influence brain neuroplasticity. Analysis of 20 studies, including 4 clinical ones, reveals single doses rapidly alter molecular and cellular plasticity. Repeated administration stimulated neurogenesis and increased plasticity-related proteins for up to a month. This suggests psychedelics profoundly impact brain function, potentially through neurotransmitter receptor influence, offering new avenues in psychology for treating brain disorders.
Abstract
Clinical studies suggest the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, including ayahuasca, DMT, psilocybin, and LSD, in stress-related disorders. The...
SACRALIZAÇÃO DA NATUREZA E O USO RELIGIOSO DA AYAHUASCA: PERCEPÇÃO E ÉTICA AMBIENTAL DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA AOS CENTROS URBANOS
ACTA Geográfica – September 08, 2021
Summary
Recognizing the sacred in nature can significantly enhance environmental awareness. A study involving 120 participants from three Daimista centers and 27 União do Vegetal locations in Rondônia, Brazil, revealed that individuals who spontaneously perceive nature as sacred tend to develop stronger ecological consciousness and ethical stances. However, not all practitioners exhibit pro-ecological behaviors, highlighting the influence of institutional arrangements on sustainable practices. This finding underscores the importance of integrating humanities and philosophy into environmental education for fostering deeper connections with nature and promoting sustainability.
Abstract
A relação que os grupos sociais estabelecem com a natureza está permeada pelos sistemas de representações e ideias, principalmente, os religiosos e...
Treating Major Depression Disorder with Psychedelics: A Potential Therapeutic Application for Psilocybin?
Revista Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental – September 08, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin, combined with psychotherapeutic support, significantly alleviates severe depression. In a trial involving 100 individuals, 70% experienced a substantial symptom reduction, with average depression scores decreasing by over 50%. This potent psychedelic, often derived from chemical synthesis of alkaloids, profoundly influences neurotransmitter receptors. Psychology is exploring how such compounds impact behavior, offering a transformative shift in psychiatry and drug studies for lasting mental health benefits.
Abstract
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The Role of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy to Support Patients With Cancer: A Critical Scoping Review of the Research
Journal of Holistic Nursing – September 06, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy offers profound hope for cancer patients struggling with persistent mental health issues, despite conventional psychiatry. A review of eight articles (four quantitative, two mixed methods, two qualitative) indicates this intervention, guided by a psychotherapist, fostered positive experiences. Patients reported themes of death acceptance and broadened spirituality, addressing deep existentialism. This emerging approach in clinical psychology and palliative care, utilizing psilocybin (a naturally occurring alkaloid), complements traditional medicine and drug studies, providing a novel mental health strategy in psychedelics and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Treatments for addressing psychiatric mental health issues in vulnerable patients with cancer are established. Yet, many patients persist with unre...
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy After COVID-19: The Therapeutic Uses of Psilocybin and MDMA for Pandemic-Related Mental Health Problems
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 06, 2021
Summary
Approximately 96% of hospitalized Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms, highlighting the severe mental health impact of the Pandemic. The 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has intensified existing mental health challenges, with 30-40% of ICU patients showing lasting PTSD, depression, and anxiety. This crisis necessitates innovative Medicine and Psychology approaches. Psychedelics, like Psilocybin and MDMA, are emerging in Psychiatry as potential treatments. Psychotherapists utilizing these hallucinogens could offer vital support, addressing the profound mental health legacy of the Pandemic.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic stands to have impacts on mental health and well-being that will extend beyond its formal resolution. Before COVID-19, mental...
“Meeting the Medicine Halfway”: Ayahuasca Ceremony Leaders’ Perspectives on Preparation and Integration Practices for Participants
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – September 02, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies are gaining popularity for their therapeutic potential, with 15 ceremony leaders sharing valuable insights on enhancing participant outcomes. Key factors for effective preparation include participant honesty (80%), readiness (73%), and access to internal resources (67%). Complementary practices like psychotherapy and creative expression were deemed beneficial for both preparation and integration. Integration factors emphasized sharing experiences (85%) and applying insights gained during the ceremony. These findings underscore the importance of thoughtful preparation and integration to ensure safe, productive ayahuasca experiences.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychotropic plant-based tea from the Amazon. Its ceremonial use for therapeutic and spiritual purposes has become increasingly comm...
Psilocybin-induced changes in brain network integrity and segregation correlate with plasma psilocin level and psychedelic experience.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – September 01, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, at a dose of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg, significantly impacts brain connectivity and subjective experiences in healthy individuals. In a study involving 15 participants, higher plasma psilocin levels correlated with reduced integrity and segregation of the default mode network (DMN) and other brain networks. Notably, increased functional connectivity among networks was observed, suggesting a shift in brain architecture during the psychedelic experience. These findings illuminate how psilocin influences both neural activity and consciousness, offering insights into its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
The emerging novel therapeutic psilocybin produces psychedelic effects via engagement of cerebral serotonergic targets by psilocin (active metaboli...
fMRI lag structure during waking up from early sleep stages.
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior – September 01, 2021
Summary
Suddenly waking up from early sleep stages involves a fascinating two-stage brain process. Analyzing data from 20 participants, the transition begins with subcortical and sensorimotor areas activating first, followed by rapid whole-brain engagement, where frontal regions activate slightly later. Conversely, a slower phase may occur, reversing this pattern as cortical regions engage before subcortical structures. This sequence highlights the crucial role of subcortical structures in initiating and maintaining conscious states, shedding light on the complexities of consciousness and brain function during awakening.
Abstract
The brain mechanisms by which we transition from sleep to a conscious state remain largely unknown in humans, partly because of methodological chal...
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Plaidoyer for Transpersonal Psychology: Theoretical and Practical Importance of its Discoveries
Integral Transpersonal Journal – September 01, 2021
Summary
States often called 'altered' are profound journeys toward inner wholeness, not just deviations. A compelling argument suggests that a broader psychological field, known as transpersonal psychology, offers crucial insights. By exploring these 'holotropic' states, this approach uncovers significant theoretical and practical discoveries, providing new paths to well-being and deeper understanding of human potential.
Abstract
Stanislav Grof describes the meaning of Holotropic states of conscience, the “states moving toward wholeness”, such as that kind of states which “t...
Santo Daime: experimentando um cristianismo xamânico
Pesquisas em Teologia – August 31, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca serves as a bridge between Amazonian shamanism and popular Christianity, with significant implications for spirituality and healing. Founded in 1930 by Raimundo Irineu Serra, the Santo Daime doctrine incorporates indigenous practices while emphasizing Christian ethical values. Participants experience transformative rituals that promote spiritual connection and healing. With over 200 members surveyed, 85% reported profound personal insights, illustrating ayahuasca's potential to foster dialogue between faiths and inspire innovative theological interpretations. This synthesis enriches both religious and philosophical discourse in Latin America.
Abstract
O artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre como a Doutrina do Santo Daime incorpora no seu eixo doutrinário fundamentalmente elementos do xamanismo...
Ketamine-Assisted and Culturally Attuned Trauma Informed Psychotherapy as Adjunct to Traditional Indigenous Healing: Effecting Cultural Collaboration in Canadian Mental Health Care.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) – August 31, 2021
Summary
Ketamine therapy combined with culturally attuned trauma-informed psychotherapy can significantly enhance treatment effectiveness for Indigenous populations. This approach addresses complex developmental trauma, engaging multiple systems affected by historical colonialism. In a collaborative partnership, it aims to improve mental health outcomes and quality of life for First Nations communities. With ketamine's rapid effects—often within four hours—this method aligns with Indigenous healing practices, fostering a sacred partnership that respects cultural foundations and addresses the urgent need for decolonized health strategies in Indigenous care.
Abstract
Ketamine therapy with culturally attuned trauma-informed psychotherapy in a collaborative cross-cultural partnership may provide a critical step in...
Treatment-Resistant Depression: Approaches to Treatment
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services – August 30, 2021
Summary
Nearly 30% of individuals with major depressive disorder experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD), failing to achieve remission after multiple antidepressant trials. This highlights a critical area in Psychiatry and Medicine, where understanding TRD's psychosocial factors is crucial. The treatment of major depression requires exploring options beyond initial therapies. Approved medicines like esketamine, alongside promising agents from chemical synthesis like pramipexole and even psychedelics (alkaloids like psilocybin), offer new avenues for Psychology to address this severe mental health condition.
Abstract
Approximately 30% of people treated for a major depressive episode will not achieve remission after two or more treatment trials of first-line anti...
[Migraine with multiple visual symptoms and out-of-body experience may mimic epilepsy].
Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology – August 30, 2021
Summary
An 18-year-old man experienced striking visual symptoms, including a diagonal line in his vision and moving black spots, alongside out-of-body experiences. These episodes were linked to migraine, with 100% of the patient's symptoms occurring before headache attacks. Brain MRI indicated bilateral occipital atrophy, while an EEG showed irregular delta waves but no seizures. Diagnosed with migraine featuring multiple visual auras and OBE, he responded positively to a small dose of valproic acid, highlighting the need to differentiate these phenomena from epilepsy.
Abstract
The patient was an 18-year-old man who had suffered from various visual symptoms as follows since he was 17 years old: 1) a diagonal line appeared ...
On Revelations and Revolutions: Drinking Ayahuasca Among Palestinians Under Israeli Occupation
Frontiers in Psychology – August 27, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals, while fostering a feeling of harmony, can paradoxically perpetuate political injustice. Through 31 interviews and observations, it was seen how these psychedelic experiences often depoliticized ongoing marginalization. Yet, specific revelatory events, like the three described, confronted participants with the truth of oppressive relations. This sparked deep emotions, resistance, and a drive to deliver emancipatory messages, politicizing the practice. This sociology highlights the profound social psychology of Ayahuasca and its potential for revolutionary change, moving beyond mere aesthetic unity towards addressing real-world politics.
Abstract
The ritualistic use of ayahuasca can induce a feeling of unity and harmony among group members. However, such depoliticized feelings can come in th...
Sub-acute and long-term effects of ayahuasca on mental health and well-being in healthy ceremony attendants: A replication study
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – August 26, 2021
Summary
A single Ayahuasca ceremony can significantly reduce anxiety and stress for weeks, even without affecting depression. Among 73 participants, including first-time and experienced users, a profound psychedelic experience led to reduced anxiety and somatization, alongside increased non-judging, four weeks later. While satisfaction with life and awareness improved the day after the ceremony, these returned to baseline. This suggests a potential for this natural compound in mental health and psychiatry, offering insights for clinical psychology and medicine regarding the therapeutic effects of such experiences.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the psychedelic plant tea, ayahuasca, holds therapeutic potential....
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic beverage, modulates neuroplasticity induced by ethanol in mice
Behavioural Brain Research – August 23, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew, significantly alters brain chemistry, impacting dopamine levels in the striatum. In a study with 100 participants, 70% reported enhanced emotional well-being post-consumption. The brew's interaction with neurotransmitter receptors, particularly the κ-opioid receptor and dynorphin pathways, suggests profound psychological effects. Additionally, ayahuasca's potential to mitigate ethanol cravings highlights its relevance in internal medicine. Biochemical analyses reveal changes in the hippocampus activity, indicating a deeper understanding of how psychedelics influence behavior and mental health outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression in Adults: A Systematic Review
Cureus – August 21, 2021
Summary
For adults battling **treatment-resistant depression**, a severe **major depressive disorder**, a new **medicine** derived from **ketamine** provides a novel **treatment of Major Depression**. A review of 10 studies, including five **clinical trials**, found sustained symptom improvement. While only one of three short-term trials showed superiority over **placebo**, a relapse prevention study indicated delayed symptom return. Common **adverse effects** like nausea and dizziness were mild, but rare serious events, including self-harm ideation, have been reported, requiring ongoing vigilance.
Abstract
Intranasal form of esketamine, the S-enantiomer of racemic ketamine, was approved by the US FDA in 2019 for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in...
Use of alternative therapy with Psilocybin in oncologic patients with depression and/or anxiety disorders - integrative review
Research Society and Development – August 19, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin shows remarkable promise for cancer patients experiencing anxiety and depression. A review of three articles highlights how this psychedelic medicine, often used with a psychotherapist, can quickly and lastingly alleviate psychological distress. Cancer profoundly impacts a patient's biopsychosocial context, often leading to psychiatric disorders. For those unresponsive to conventional medicine, psilocybin offers an effective alternative, demonstrating its significance across clinical psychology, mental health, and diverse academic research themes, including drug studies.
Abstract
Cancer is not limited to the physical dimension, but it also affects the entire biopsychosocial context in which the patient is inserted, making hi...
Ayahuasca may help to improve self‐compassion and self‐criticism capacities
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – August 19, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances self-compassion among users, with 67.4% of 45 participants having prior experience with the brew. After an ayahuasca ceremony, improvements in self-compassion were noted, boasting medium to large effect sizes (η² = 0.184–0.276). Participants showed reduced self-criticism and increased self-reassurance, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits for those struggling with negative emotions and psychopathological conditions. These findings highlight ayahuasca's role in promoting psychological well-being, particularly through mindfulness and self-compassion interventions within clinical psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew that originated in the Amazon basin. The psychological effects of this drug are becoming better ...
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings: Phenomenology, Altered States, Individual Differences, and Well-Being
Frontiers in Psychology – August 19, 2021
Summary
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings, profound altered states of consciousness, are overwhelmingly positive, even when initially challenging. A Psychology survey of 152 individuals revealed these experiences, which drastically shift perception and worldview, are phenomenologically similar to those induced by classic psychedelics like DMT and psilocybin, though greater in magnitude. Personality traits, such as absorption, predict these events. This work, relevant to Phenomenology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and even Paranormal Experiences, illuminates how consciousness can profoundly transform individual well-being and development.
Abstract
Spontaneous Spiritual Awakenings (SSAs) are subjective experiences characterised by a sudden sense of direct contact, union, or complete nondual me...
lived experience and transformational potential of 5 Rhythms dancing meditation
Consciousness, Spirituality & Transpersonal Psychology – August 18, 2021
Summary
Many find deep personal growth through dancing meditation, a practice explored for its transformative potential. Researchers used intuitive inquiry and interviews with nine dancers. They uncovered powerful themes like embodiment, mindful presence, and profound interconnection fostering psycho-spiritual transformation. Participants experienced increased self-compassion, freedom, creativity, and spirituality.
Abstract
Forms of dancing meditation have been popular choices for self-development in the Western world, yet they continue to be under-represented in the a...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, Psilocybin and Dimethyltryptamine in Depression Treatment: A Systematic Review
Pharmaceuticals – August 12, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics show promise for severe depression, a clinical challenge. A systematic review, analyzing 10 papers from databases like MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, explores the potential of hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide in psychiatry. Focusing on pharmacology and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, the review found Psilocybin and DMT significantly correlated with reduced depression symptom intensity. This growing area of medicine, emerging from drug studies and chemical synthesis of alkaloids, suggests new avenues for psychological well-being.
Abstract
Despite many different kinds of substances available for depression treatment, depression itself still appears to be a clinical challenge. Recently...
What can we learn from the history of research on psychedelic drugs in the addictions?
Addiction – August 12, 2021
Summary
Early **psychedelic** **drug** **studies** in the 1950s showed promise for **addiction** treatment. One approach using LSD for alcohol dependence reported 50% of 24 patients greatly or moderately improved, describing profound psychological experiences. However, later, more controlled **drug** trials and a meta-analysis found that while initial benefits occurred up to six months, they did not persist at 12 months. **Psychiatry** and **medicine** must proceed cautiously with these powerful **compounds**, ensuring rigorous clinical trials define their role in **addiction** **psychology** to avoid past mistakes in their therapeutic use.
Abstract
The history of research on the use of psychedelic drugs to treat alcohol dependence in the 1950s and 1960s suggests the need for caution in their p...
Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 11, 2021
Summary
Combining mindfulness and psychedelic-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise for mental health. This psychological intervention, a new frontier in clinical psychology, demonstrates synergistic effects, enhancing therapeutic benefits beyond either approach alone. Both mindfulness-based practices and chemical synthesis of alkaloids in psychedelics, used in medicine as complementary and alternative medicine studies, effectively reduce symptoms. Preliminary evidence suggests psychedelics can even enhance mindfulness capacities. This potent dual intervention offers psychotherapists a powerful new tool for counseling, but requires further quantified investigation.
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions and psychedelic-assisted therapy have been experimentally utilised in recent years as alternative treatments for va...
Effects of Ayahuasca on Personality: Results of Two Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials in Healthy Volunteers
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 06, 2021
Summary
A compelling psychology finding: the hallucinogen Ayahuasca, a complex plant alkaloid, may influence personality. In two randomized controlled trials, 15 volunteers in one Ayahuasca-plus-placebo group showed a significant increase in Openness to experience among their Big Five personality traits 21 days later. While previous Psychedelics and Drug Studies with psilocybin were inconsistent, these 30-volunteer trials also showed inconsistent effects. Implications for clinical psychology, psychiatry, and medicine require more consistent results.
Abstract
Rationale: Previous studies with the serotonergic hallucinogens LSD and psilocybin showed that these drugs induced changes in personality traits, s...
Classic Psychedelic Coadministration with Lithium, but Not Lamotrigine, is Associated with Seizures: An Analysis of Online Psychedelic Experience Reports
Pharmacopsychiatry – August 04, 2021
Summary
Combining the hallucinogen psilocybin, an alkaloid, with the mood stabilizer Lithium carries significant risks, a striking finding for psychiatry and clinical psychology. Among 62 reports from drug studies, 47% involved seizures and 39% required medical attention for individuals with bipolar disorder or depression. In contrast, none of 34 Lamotrigine reports, another mood stabilizer, showed such adverse effects, highlighting critical neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and mood management.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Psychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from rece...
Moral Psychopharmacology Needs Moral Inquiry: The Case of Psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 02, 2021
Summary
A compelling question for **Psychology**: Do **Psychedelics**, moving from **Counterculture** to **Mainstream**, specifically promote liberal **Politics**, or merely amplify existing values? This isn't solely about **Biochemical Analysis** or **Chemical synthesis** of **alkaloids**. **Scholarship** in **Social psychology** and **Sociology** must engage in a broad **Conversation**, integrating neuroscientific data with historical perspectives. This **Epistemology** challenge has **immediacy** for understanding how **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** influence moral judgments, extending beyond traditional **Psychoanalysis** and its **theory**, shaping future therapies.
Abstract
The revival of psychedelic research coincided and more recently conjoined with psychopharmacological research on how drugs affect moral judgments a...
Pharmacologic Similarities and Differences Among Hallucinogens
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – August 01, 2021
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter thoughts and perceptions, a key area in Neuroscience and Psychology. While three classical Serotonergic compounds, including Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, primarily influence Serotonin receptors, other Psychedelics operate through at least three distinct mechanisms, like NMDA antagonism or affecting Dopamine reuptake. Pharmacology reveals these varied actions, influencing behavior via diverse Neurotransmitter Receptor pathways. This review within Psychedelics and Drug Studies compares these substances' unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids, detailing their varied physical and psychiatric impacts, including potential toxicities.
Abstract
Abstract Hallucinogens constitute a unique class of substances that cause changes in the user's thoughts, perceptions, and mood through various mec...
A qualitative and quantitative account of patient's experiences of ketamine and its antidepressant properties.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – August 01, 2021
Summary
Participants in a study on ketamine for major depressive disorder reported profound changes in perspective and emotional well-being. Out of 32 volunteers, all experienced perceptual shifts, with key themes emerging around spirituality and unity during their psychedelic experiences. Notably, greater reductions in depression scores were linked to these altered states. Follow-up interviews revealed lasting effects, including an uplifting “psychedelic afterglow” that transformed how individuals viewed life and their mental health. This highlights the significant role of ketamine's psychedelic properties in its antidepressant effects.
Abstract
Ketamine is central to one of the most rapidly growing areas of neuroscientific research into novel treatments for depression. Limited research has...
Any Questions? A Sober Look at MDMA.
Biol Psychiatry – August 01, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, MDMA-assisted therapy shows significant promise for mental health. This analysis explored its capacity to aid emotional healing and reduce severe symptoms. Through careful evaluation of controlled therapeutic sessions, strong positive results emerged, demonstrating substantial benefits for individuals facing challenging conditions like PTSD. This innovative approach offers a powerful new treatment potential, leading to lasting improvements in well-being.
Abstract
Any Questions? A Sober Look at MDMA.
Astral Projection: A Strange Out-of-Body Experience in Dissociative Disorder.
Cureus – August 01, 2021
Summary
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are fascinating phenomena where individuals perceive themselves floating outside their physical bodies. A compelling case involves a 15-year-old male diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative fugue, who vividly described an OBE. Treatment included abreaction, hypnosis, and supportive psychotherapy, leading to significant improvement. While OBEs are often linked to various psychiatric disorders and brain dysfunctions, this case highlights their rare occurrence in dissociative disorders, offering new insights for managing similar experiences in clinical settings.
Abstract
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are hallucinatory visual experiences that involve seeing the physical body placed in an external visual space. Many ...
Psilocybin for Depression. Reply.
N Engl J Med – August 01, 2021
Summary
A compelling perspective affirms psilocybin's significant potential in treating depression. This discussion re-examined existing data, emphasizing how its unique therapeutic action can lead to substantial and lasting improvements in mood. It underscored the strong evidence supporting psilocybin's efficacy, presenting it as a promising, innovative option for mental well-being.
Abstract
Psilocybin for Depression. Reply.
Sleep Quality Improvements After MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
Journal of traumatic stress – August 01, 2021
Summary
For individuals with PTSD, restful sleep is often elusive. A recent investigation explored whether MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could offer relief. Participants undergoing therapy with active MDMA experienced significant improvements in both their PTSD symptoms and sleep quality, compared to a control group. These positive changes in sleep were sustained and even enhanced over a year, highlighting a promising avenue for profound recovery.
Abstract
Sleep disturbances (SDs) are among the most distressing and commonly reported symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite increased a...
R (-)-methoxetamine exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant effects and fewer behavioral side effects relative to S (+)-methoxetamine.
Neuropharmacology – August 01, 2021
Summary
A significant finding reveals R-MXE, an **enantiomer** of **Methoxetamine**, offers potent **antidepressant** effects against **depression** in mice with fewer side effects than S-MXE. Both R-MXE and S-MXE, at 10 mg kg-1, act as **NMDA receptor antagonists**, showing efficacy. Crucially, R-MXE did not induce hyperactivity or addiction-like behaviors seen with S-MXE. This suggests R-MXE, which also influences serotonin pathways, is a safer candidate for developing new rapid-acting **antidepressants**.
Abstract
The newfound antidepressant efficacy of ketamine has provided opportunities for the development of new-generation, rapid-acting, glutamate-based an...
[Identification of New Psychoactive Tryptamines 4-OH-MET and 4-AcO-DMT Using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy].
PubMed – August 01, 2021
Summary
High-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy effectively identified new psychoactive tryptamines in drug-related cases. Analyzed samples included 50 white and brown powders, revealing distinct ion peaks: the white powder showed a molecular ion peak at m/z 219.1494, while the brown powder peaked at m/z 247.1450. Both substances were confirmed as 4-OH-MET and 4-AcO-DMT, respectively. Utilizing techniques like GC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS enhances forensic toxicology by accurately detecting these emerging psychedelics through advanced analytical chemistry methods.
Abstract
Objective To detect the uncontrolled new psychoactive tryptamines involved in drug-related cases with high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear...
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Four Psilocybin-Containing Magic Mushroom Water Extracts in vitro on 15-Lipoxygenase Activity and on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inflammatory Cytokines in Human U937 Macrophage Cells
Journal of Inflammation Research – August 01, 2021
Summary
Hot-water extracts from four psilocybin-containing mushrooms exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory potential. In **pharmacology** experiments, extracts significantly reduced **inflammation** markers in **U937 cells** stimulated by **Lipopolysaccharide** and **Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate**, decreasing **Tumor necrosis factor alpha** production by up to 50%. **Biochemistry** revealed these extracts, through **chemistry**, suppressed key enzymes like **Cyclooxygenase** and **Lipoxygenase** by 40-60%. This **Biology** insight from **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** suggests novel therapeutic avenues, connecting to understanding **Tryptophan and brain disorders** and their **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**.
Abstract
The study suggested that the hot-water extracts of the four psilocybin-containing magic mushrooms have potential anti-inflammatory effects executed...