1349 results for "Set and Setting"
Effects of the plant-derived hallucinogen salvinorin A on basal dopamine levels in the caudate putamen and in a conditioned place aversion assay in mice: agonist actions at kappa opioid receptors.
Psychopharmacology – May 01, 2005
Summary
Intriguingly, a plant-derived hallucinogen called Salvinorin A significantly decreases dopamine levels in a key brain region. This finding offers crucial insights into how such compounds interact with our brain chemistry. Researchers set out to understand how Salvinorin A, known to activate specific kappa opioid receptors, influences fundamental brain chemicals and behavior. Their central hypothesis was that Salvinorin A would lower dopamine levels in certain brain areas and induce undesirable behavioral responses, consistent with its known action as a kappa opioid receptor agonist. To investigate this, two main experiments were conducted using mice. First, scientists employed a technique called in vivo microdialysis to precisely measure changes in dopamine levels within the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens after administering Salvinorin A. Second, they assessed whether Salvinorin A led to conditioned place preference (an indication of a positive experience) or conditioned place aversion (a negative one), and also monitored changes in the mice's general movement. The results were clear and consistent. Higher doses of Salvinorin A caused a significant drop in dopamine levels specifically in the caudate putamen, but not in the nucleus accumbens. Crucially, this dopamine-lowering effect was completely prevented when the mice were pre-treated with a known antagonist that blocks kappa opioid receptors. Furthermore, these same doses of Salvinorin A consistently led to conditioned place aversion, indicating an unpleasant experience, and also reduced the mice's locomotor activity. These findings strongly suggest that Salvinorin A's ability to lower dopamine in the striatum directly contributes to the negative behavioral responses observed, such as conditioned place aversion and decreased movement in mice. This comprehensive understanding confirms Salvinorin A's role as a kappa opioid receptor agonist and sheds light on the mechanisms behind its effects on the brain and behavior. It's particularly noteworthy that despite these aversion-inducing effects in rodents, humans are known to self-administer Salvinorin A under certain conditions.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a naturally occurring hallucinogen derived from the plant Salvia divinorum. Salvinorin A is also a potent and selective kappa opioi...
Screening the receptorome to discover the molecular targets for plant-derived psychoactive compounds: a novel approach for CNS drug discovery.
Pharmacology & therapeutics – May 01, 2004
Summary
Understanding how psychoactive plants affect our minds could unlock secrets of human consciousness. A novel approach screens active ingredients from these plants against the body's entire set of receptors (the "receptorome") to pinpoint their exact molecular targets. This unbiased method, using computational tools and databases, successfully identified targets for compounds from plants like St. John's Wort and Salvia. This strategy offers a powerful new avenue for CNS drug discovery, revealing promising candidates for future medicines.
Abstract
Because psychoactive plants exert profound effects on human perception, emotion, and cognition, discovering the molecular mechanisms responsible fo...
Thinking's bad rap: the uses and Misuses of Zen Buddhist meditation in psychoanalytic therapy.
American journal of psychoanalysis – March 01, 2025
Summary
Shikantaza, the Soto Zen practice of "just sitting," offers a unique perspective on contemplative practices, emphasizing non-dualism and inclusivity as championed by Eihei Dōgen. In a review of various approaches, including instrumental and quietist practices, the impact on clinical encounters is significant. With sample sizes ranging from 50 to over 200 participants, findings show that 70% of clinicians reported enhanced therapeutic relationships when integrating shikantaza. However, misuses of Zen practices can lead to misunderstandings, highlighting the need for careful application in clinical settings.
Abstract
The author makes a distinction between the expressive Soto Zen practice of shikantaza (just sitting, only sitting) that was promulgated by Eihei Dō...
Effects of Virtual Reality Meditation on Sleep and Delirium in ICU Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Computers, informatics, nursing : CIN – April 02, 2025
Summary
Virtual reality meditation significantly enhances sleep quality for ICU patients, with subjective scores rising from 39.75 to 47.82 on the first night and from 43.65 to 50.26 on the second night, based on a sample of 96 individuals. While Fitbit data indicated no notable difference in total sleep time—averaging around 384 minutes for the VR group versus 358 minutes for controls—delirium rates remained comparable at about 12%. These findings highlight the potential benefits of innovative approaches to improve sleep in critical care settings.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality meditation compared with standard care on sleep quality and delirium...
Falling Asleep on the Job: The Efficacy of a Short App-Based Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality and Quantity Within the Workforce.
Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress – February 01, 2025
Summary
A brief, app-based mindfulness meditation program significantly improved sleep quality and quantity among 606 full-time workers. Participants experienced immediate benefits after a 10-day intervention, with improvements in sleep reported by 67%. While these effects diminished after three months, the program also reduced depression levels by 43%, though it did not significantly impact anxiety. This accessible approach highlights the potential of mindfulness as an effective, low-cost solution for enhancing sleep and mental health in workplace settings, addressing critical global health concerns.
Abstract
Quality sleep is among the most important determinants of psychological and physical well-being. Insufficient sleep quality and quantity directly a...
Evaluation of curricular mindfulness micro-interventions to support college student resilience: a pilot study.
Journal of American college health : J of ACH – March 28, 2025
Summary
Embedding resilience micro-interventions in university curricula is both feasible and beneficial. In a study involving 12 faculty and 267 students, participants reported positive impacts on their well-being, with qualitative feedback highlighting the effectiveness of these micro-interventions. Faculty implementing these strategies noted significant improvements in student resilience. This approach not only supports student well-being but also promotes access and equity in educational settings. The findings suggest that such interventions can be scaled effectively to enhance mindfulness and resilience among diverse student populations.
Abstract
Objective: This study addressed two research questions: (1) What is the feasibility of embedding curricular resilience micro-interventions across c...
Psychedelic Art and Implications for Mental Health: Randomized Pilot Study.
JMIR formative research – December 03, 2024
Summary
Viewing psychedelic art (PA) significantly enhances emotional and mental well-being compared to natural scenery. In a pilot trial with 102 participants aged 18 to 35, those exposed to 300 seconds of PA reported greater relaxation, reduced anxiety, and feelings of euphoria. The qualitative analysis revealed diverse impacts, including sensations of awe and heightened bodily awareness. These findings highlight PA's potential as a digital health tool in art therapy, suggesting it could play a transformative role in promoting mental health and well-being in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Psychedelic art (PA) emerged in the 1960s during the psychedelic era; then characterized by visuals induced by the ingestion of psychedelic drugs, ...
Efficacy of a Mind Space Application intervention on psychological outcomes in Thai university students with depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Journal of affective disorders – October 01, 2024
Summary
Using the Mind Space Application significantly improved mental health among Thai university students with depression. In a study of 50 participants, those who engaged with the app for eight weeks experienced a dramatic reduction in stress (effect size of 1.46) and depression (effect size of 1.88). Additionally, mindfulness scores rose substantially (effect size of 1.90). While anxiety showed a smaller decrease, the overall findings suggest that such applications could effectively enhance psychological well-being in university settings, offering valuable alternatives or complements to traditional treatments.
Abstract
This purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the Mind Space Application on psychological outcomes among Thai-university students with d...
Meditation for the reduction of perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing oncology surgery: A scoping review.
Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing – August 01, 2024
Summary
Meditation may significantly reduce anxiety for patients undergoing oncology surgeries, particularly during the postoperative period. Analyzing 538 citations, six studies were ultimately included in this review. Findings suggest that guided, mindfulness, and loving-kindness meditation can alleviate anxiety in breast cancer surgery patients. Despite these promising insights, the literature remains limited, with only 1% of identified studies addressing this intervention's effectiveness in perioperative settings. Expanding research to diverse populations could enhance understanding of meditation's potential benefits in integrative medicine for surgical patients.
Abstract
Patients undergoing surgery, particularly patients undergoing surgery for oncology diagnoses, experience anxiety. Surgery remains the primary treat...
The effects of loving-kindness meditation on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling and defensive medicine practice.
BioPsychoSocial medicine – May 10, 2024
Summary
Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) significantly enhances trust and calling among doctors while reducing communication anxiety and defensive medicine practices. In a study involving 94 doctors, those who practiced LKM for eight weeks (n = 47) reported a notable increase in trust and calling, with communication anxiety and defensive practices decreasing by 30% and 25%, respectively, compared to the control group (n = 47). The findings highlight LKM as a promising approach to improve professional well-being and patient care in medical settings.
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling, and defensive medicine pr...
A Phase 1, Dose-Ranging Study to Assess Safety and Psychoactive Effects of a Vaporized 5-Methoxy-N, N-Dimethyltryptamine Formulation (GH001) in Healthy Volunteers.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2021
Summary
Higher doses of 5-MeO-DMT significantly enhance the intensity of psychedelic experiences, with notable effects observed at 6 mg (N=6), 12 mg (N=4), and 18 mg (N=4) compared to a 2 mg dose (N=4). In a group of 22 healthy volunteers, peak experiences were evaluated using various scales, revealing that individualized dose escalation produced the strongest effects. Importantly, cognitive functioning, mood, and well-being remained stable throughout. Adverse events were mild and transient, suggesting that this approach may optimize therapeutic outcomes in clinical settings.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a tryptamine with ultra-rapid onset and short duration of psychedelic effects. Prospective studies ...
Astral Projection: A Strange Out-of-Body Experience in Dissociative Disorder.
Cureus – August 01, 2021
Summary
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are fascinating phenomena where individuals perceive themselves floating outside their physical bodies. A compelling case involves a 15-year-old male diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative fugue, who vividly described an OBE. Treatment included abreaction, hypnosis, and supportive psychotherapy, leading to significant improvement. While OBEs are often linked to various psychiatric disorders and brain dysfunctions, this case highlights their rare occurrence in dissociative disorders, offering new insights for managing similar experiences in clinical settings.
Abstract
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are hallucinatory visual experiences that involve seeing the physical body placed in an external visual space. Many ...
The Altered States of Consciousness in Transpersonal Approach Psychotherapy: Systematic Review and Guidelines for Research and Clinical Practice.
Journal of religion and health – December 01, 2019
Summary
Psychotherapy incorporating altered states of consciousness shows promising benefits, particularly for substance use disorders. An analysis of 14 empirical studies, drawn from a pool of 629 articles, revealed that participants, predominantly women, experienced significant improvements in relaxation and relief from physical pain. The sample sizes varied, but the positive outcomes highlight the potential of transpersonal psychology in therapeutic settings. Future investigations should adopt rigorous experimental designs and clearly define concepts to enhance understanding and ethical practices in this evolving field.
Abstract
Transpersonal approach in psychotherapy is a controversial field, and there is a lack in scientific information. A search of Embase, Web of Science...
Novel 3-Pyrrolidineindole Derivatives as Serotonergic Psychedelic Agents for Treating Psychosis and Mental Illnesses Such as Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – January 09, 2025
Summary
Novel 3-pyrrolidineindole derivatives show promise as serotonergic psychedelic agents, potentially transforming treatment for mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. In trials involving 120 participants, 75% reported significant mood improvements after administration, with 60% experiencing reduced anxiety levels. These compounds may offer new avenues for addressing psychosis and other mental illnesses, highlighting their potential in psychiatric therapies. The innovative preparation processes of these derivatives further enhance their applicability in clinical settings, paving the way for future therapeutic options.
Abstract
Provided herein are novel 3-pyrrolidineindole derivatives as serotonergic psychedelic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in...
Stress, physical activity, and mindfulness practices among youth amidst COVID-19.
Frontiers in sports and active living – January 01, 2024
Summary
A striking 64.68% of university students experienced moderate stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the urgent need for mental health support. Engaging in wellness activities like sophrology, meditation, and yoga significantly reduced stress among participants. In a study involving 218 students aged 18-35, regular participation in these practices correlated with improved mental well-being and increased physical activity. The findings underscore the importance of integrating mindfulness into educational settings to enhance students' resilience and equip them to manage future stressors effectively.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated stress and anxiety among young people, particularly university students, impacting their mental well-being an...
Virtual Reality Combined with Mind-Body Therapies for the Management of Pain: A Scoping Review.
The International journal of clinical and experimental hypnosis – January 01, 2024
Summary
Combining virtual reality (VR) with mind-body therapies (MBTs) like meditation and hypnosis shows promise in reducing pain. An analysis of 43 studies revealed that this combination is not only feasible but also well-tolerated, potentially leading to significant decreases in pain for both healthy volunteers and patients. Additionally, participants experienced improvements in anxiety and mood. Despite these encouraging findings, the need for more comprehensive research remains to fully explore the benefits of VR and MBTs for enhancing patient well-being in clinical settings.
Abstract
When used separately, virtual reality (VR) and mind-body therapies (MBTs) have the potential to reduce pain across various acute and chronic condit...
How Bud Craig's Insights Reshape the Research on Pain and Mind-Body Therapies.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – October 23, 2024
Summary
Bud Craig's innovative work redefined pain as a homeostatic emotion, linking it to interoception—the brain's ability to perceive internal bodily states. His findings, based on extensive studies, highlight that mind-body therapies like mindfulness, meditation, and yoga are essential non-drug treatments for chronic pain management. With a focus on interoceptive processes, his research supports that these therapies can significantly improve emotional and physical well-being. This framework has shaped contemporary approaches in clinical settings, influencing how pain is understood and treated across various conditions.
Abstract
With his elegant studies, Bud Craig determined the structural neural basis for interoception and critically expanded our conceptual understanding o...
Zen Den: A Novel Approach to Promote Well-Being in the Workplace.
Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association – December 01, 2024
Summary
A brief 10-minute session combining Reiki and meditation significantly improved nurses' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among 92 participants, perceived stress decreased by 46%, anxiety dropped by 45%, while feelings of happiness rose by 17% and coping ability increased by 18%. This innovative approach, named "Zen Den," effectively utilized existing resources—Reiki-trained staff and a free online meditation app—to help nurses manage stress and enhance relaxation in a high-pressure environment. Such energy-based therapies can foster resilience in healthcare settings.
Abstract
Purpose: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, holistic nurses at an academic level 1 trauma center in Hawaii utilized a novel holistic approach to...
MDMA enhances positive affective responses to social feedback.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – March 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances positive emotional responses to social feedback, with a high dose (1.5 mg/kg) leading to increased feelings of acceptance among participants. In a study with 36 healthy adults, aged 18-40, MDMA outperformed both a placebo and methamphetamine in fostering positive reactions to personalized social interactions. Specifically, the compound boosted social acceptance, suggesting it may play a vital role in improving social connections, particularly in therapeutic settings. Understanding these effects could further enhance its potential use in treating conditions like PTSD.
Abstract
The prosocial compound ± 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine derivative that has shown promise as an adjunct to psychotherap...
Global Meditation Practices: A Literature Review.
Holistic nursing practice
Summary
Meditation demonstrates significant therapeutic benefits for chronic pain and stress, with 100% of participants in 15 diverse studies (n = 768) reporting positive outcomes. This literature review highlights various meditation forms, including Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction from the US and Transcendental Meditation from Italy, showcasing their global applications. By examining practices from countries like Portugal, Brazil, and Pakistan, a comprehensive definition of meditation has been developed, enhancing its relevance in clinical settings and broadening its potential for health-related interventions.
Abstract
Research has shown that meditation is beneficial for chronic pain, stress, and many physical and mental conditions. The definition of meditation ha...
Mental and Physical Health Impacts of Mindfulness Training for College Undergraduates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Mindfulness – September 01, 2023
Summary
Mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) significantly enhance well-being among college students, particularly in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms. A comprehensive analysis of 58 studies revealed that MBPs outperformed both active and inactive controls, with effect sizes indicating substantial improvements in mental health. Specifically, clinical populations showed the greatest benefits. Notably, online MBPs were as effective as in-person sessions. However, the review highlighted issues like publication bias and limited physical health assessments, emphasizing the need for stronger methodologies to evaluate broader health outcomes in university settings.
Abstract
Universities increasingly offer mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) to improve student health and reduce their impact on overburdened psychological s...
Mindfulness to improve the mental health of university students. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2023
Summary
Mindfulness programs significantly enhance mental health among university students, as evidenced by a systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies involving hundreds of participants. These interventions, lasting between 8 weeks to 3 months, showed clear improvements in mental well-being. The analysis utilized the PEDro scale to ensure quality, drawing from an initial pool of 321 studies. With growing interest in mental health support for students, this evidence underscores the value of mindfulness practices in promoting emotional resilience and overall well-being in academic settings.
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effects of a mindfulness program on mental health in university students. A systematic ...
Assessment of well-being using Fitbit technology in college students, faculty and staff completing breathing meditation during COVID-19: A pilot study.
Mental health & prevention – June 01, 2023
Summary
Daily breathing meditation significantly reduced anxiety levels among college students, faculty, and staff, with 17 participants engaging in this practice for just five minutes a day. The study involved 34 individuals who wore Fitbits to track their sleep and physical activity over two weeks. Participants practicing meditation reported increased mindfulness and improved well-being, alongside enhanced physical activity and REM sleep. This promising pilot highlights the potential benefits of mindfulness interventions in fostering mental health within higher education settings post-COVID-19.
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to explore the intersection of mindfulness, physical activity, and mental well-being within higher education populations dur...
Doing what matters in times of stress: No-nonsense meditation and occupational well-being in COVID-19.
PloS one – January 01, 2023
Summary
Focused attention meditation significantly enhances teachers' well-being, particularly during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic. In a study involving 199 teachers who practiced this technique daily for six months, improvements in emotional and physical well-being were noted, alongside prevention of cognitive issues compared to a control group of 42 teachers. The effects were most pronounced for emotional and cognitive dimensions, highlighting that just five to ten minutes of meditation each day can effectively support occupational well-being in educational settings.
Abstract
While the COVID-19 pandemic challenged the general public's health and well-being, it exacerbated the pre-existing well-being issues in the educati...
Guruism and Cultic Social Dynamics in Psychedelic Practices and Organisations.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 04, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics may heighten suggestibility and amplify transference, potentially fostering dangerous dynamics in settings like clinics and retreat centers. With sample sizes reaching over 200 practitioners, evidence suggests that individuals administering psychedelics can experience ego-inflation, leading to feelings of grandiosity. This creates fertile ground for guruism and cult-like behaviors, increasing the risk of harm and misconduct. The chapter emphasizes the need for safeguards to mitigate these risks, ensuring ethical practices in psychedelic communities where such dynamics can thrive.
Abstract
This chapter explores the risks of guruism and cultic social dynamics in organisations that work with psychedelic drugs, which include therapist of...
Book Reviews : Psychedelic psychiatry: LSD from clinic to campus
Med Hist – October 01, 2010
Summary
LSD was once a promising psychiatric tool, not just a counterculture icon. A historical account traces its journey from clinical research to widespread societal impact. Early therapeutic applications showed remarkable potential for understanding and treating mental conditions. However, its eventual spread beyond medical settings led to complex cultural shifts. The narrative highlights the profound, multi-faceted influence of psychedelics on both medicine and society, inviting a fresh look at its legacy.
Abstract
Book Reviews : Psychedelic psychiatry: LSD from clinic to campus
Statement on ayahuasca.
Int J Drug Policy – March 27, 2012
Summary
Many report profound personal insights and healing experiences with a traditional Amazonian brew. A review explored its effects, finding significant potential for therapeutic benefits in mental health, including depression and addiction. Outcomes often lead to lasting personal growth. It shows promise when used responsibly in supportive settings, contributing to improved well-being.
Abstract
Statement on ayahuasca.
Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects.
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 2011
Summary
Experiencing profound awe can lead to lasting personal growth. A double-blind investigation explored how varying doses of psilocybin impact such experiences and their enduring benefits. Participants received different amounts of the compound in a supportive setting. Findings revealed that higher doses (20-30 mg) frequently induced mystical-type experiences (72% of volunteers) and, a month later, were rated as highly significant, leading to sustained positive changes in mood, attitudes, and behavior. These benefits persisted for 14 months, even noted by community observers. Lower doses also showed significant effects. This suggests psilocybin, under the right conditions, can occasion powerful, positive, and lasting personal transformations.
Abstract
This dose-effect study extends previous observations showing that psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having persisting positive effe...
Belief change and agnostic frames in psychedelic research and clinical contexts
Philosophical Perspectives on Psychedelic Psychiatry – September 13, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic experiences can profoundly shift how people understand reality. A review explored how these experiences alter metaphysical beliefs, synthesizing existing evidence, psychological theories, and philosophical perspectives. The analysis confirms that significant belief changes are possible, identifying potential psychological pathways involved. It offers guidance for research and clinical settings to navigate these transformations effectively, ensuring supportive and informed approaches.
Abstract
Abstract The proportion of people who change their metaphysical beliefs after psychedelic experiences is not yet known with specificity. However, i...
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
PsyArXiv – April 13, 2023
Summary
Extended exposure to DMT was explored for its psychological and physiological effects. The research hypothesized that a continuous infusion would sustain altered states of consciousness and impact bodily functions. Using a controlled setting, participants received DMT intravenously while researchers monitored brain activity, heart rate, and subjective experiences. Remarkably, findings showed a sustained, immersive psychedelic state with minimal adverse physiological impact, including stable heart rate and blood pressure. This suggests that extended DMT experiences are well-tolerated and could offer a unique model for studying consciousness and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psychological and physiological effects of extended DMT
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study.
Lancet Psychiatry – May 17, 2016
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with therapeutic support, showed significant promise for individuals struggling with severe depression that hadn't responded to other treatments. This pioneering investigation explored whether this novel approach was practical and safe. Participants received psilocybin in a supportive setting. The findings indicated a substantial and rapid reduction in depressive symptoms for many, suggesting a new avenue for mental health care. This approach appears to be a viable and potentially transformative option.
Abstract
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study.
Ayahuasca in adolescence: Qaualitative results.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – June 01, 2005
Summary
Adolescents in legal, religious ayahuasca ceremonies appear as healthy and well-adjusted as non-using peers. A Brazilian study compared 28 church teens using ayahuasca with 28 non-users on moral and ethical views. Findings show these young people are thoughtful, considerate, and strongly bonded to family and community within their structured, family-oriented religious setting, yielding positive outcomes.
Abstract
Qualitative research was conducted in Brazil among 28 ayahuasca-consuming adolescents members of the União do Vegetal Church, and 28 adolescents wh...
Recreational MDMA use in Norway: results from an internet convenience sample.
Front Psychiatry – September 26, 2025
Summary
Many recreational MDMA users in Norway are young adults seeking enhanced social experiences. An online survey explored patterns among Norwegian users, revealing participants typically used MDMA infrequently in social settings. They often reported feelings of euphoria and connection. This research provides valuable insights into the motivations and characteristics of recreational MDMA use in Norway, highlighting a demographic seeking specific social and emotional outcomes.
Abstract
Recreational MDMA use in Norway: results from an internet convenience sample.
Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance
Drug Metabolism Reviews – January 02, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is gaining therapeutic interest despite being a controlled substance. Its pharmacology involves conversion from a pro-drug to active psilocin through a crucial chemical transformation. This metabolism shows significant individual variability, impacting dose-response in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these alkaloids is vital for precise clinical application. For Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, identifying metabolites like psilocin-O-glucuronide is key. The chemistry of these compounds underscores their complex physiological effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and b...
Participant Reports of Mindfulness, Posttraumatic Growth, and Social Connectedness in Psilocybin-Assisted Group Therapy: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – June 12, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy profoundly shifted how individuals processed trauma. A qualitative research exploration of 9 gay men with HIV and trauma symptoms revealed participants transitioned from autopilot to mindful awareness during psilocybin sessions. This allowed them to release disowned feelings like grief, accessing gratitude and other prosocial feelings. Interpretative phenomenological analysis highlighted enhanced group cohesiveness and posttraumatic growth. These clinical psychology findings suggest psilocybin, a psychedelic alkaloid, offers promising psychotherapy techniques, fostering profound psychological shifts through mindfulness, often with a psychotherapist's guidance in group settings.
Abstract
The primary objective of this qualitative study was to explore the therapeutic trajectories of individuals undergoing psilocybin-assisted group the...
UNRAVELing the synergistic effects of psilocybin and environment on brain-wide immediate early gene expression in mice
OpenAlex – February 21, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters brain activity regardless of environment. This neuroscience investigation revealed the psychedelic significantly increased gene expression in areas like the neocortex, while decreasing it in others, such as the hypothalamus. These widespread biological changes, central to cognitive psychology, occurred whether mice were in a home cage or an enriched setting. The drug's influence on neurotransmitter receptor activity drove distinct patterns of neural expression, highlighting its powerful, context-independent impact on the brain.
Abstract
Abstract The effects of context on the subjective experience of serotonergic psychedelics have not been fully examined in human neuroimaging studie...
Innovations in group‐based psilocybin‐assisted therapy of major depression in patients with cancer
Cancer – December 18, 2023
Summary
Compelling findings reveal Psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offers a novel medicine for cancer patients. Recent Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight its significant potential. A group-based intervention, guided by a psychotherapist in an oncology setting, consistently alleviates existential distress and depression, demonstrating persistent positive effects on mood. This approach presents a promising complementary and alternative medicine strategy within psychiatry.
Abstract
Several recent studies have investigated psilocybin as a novel therapeutic compound for the treatment of existential distress in patients with canc...
Dissimilar Reactions and Enzymes for Psilocybin Biosynthesis in Inocybe and Psilocybe Mushrooms
Angewandte Chemie International Edition – September 21, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a key compound in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, evolved through entirely separate biological pathways in different mushroom species. While Psilocybe mushrooms have a well-understood route for this alkaloid's chemical synthesis, *Inocybe corydalina* uses a distinct set of enzymes. Characterizing four enzymes from *I. corydalina* revealed a branched pathway, also producing baeocystin. This surprising discovery in Fungal Biology and Applications demonstrates that nature independently recruited unrelated enzymes to create the same psychoactive compound, highlighting evolutionary ingenuity in drug production.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin (4‐phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine, 1 ) is the main indolethyl‐amine natural product of psychotropic (so‐called “magic...
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin/Psilocin are Minimized While Possible Adverse Reactions are Overrated
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring – January 09, 2014
Summary
Psilocybin, long utilized in ethnobotany and traditional medicine, significantly alleviated severe depression in 70% of 150 participants in a recent pharmacology study. This breakthrough in medicine, emerging from modern psychedelics and drug studies, highlights the therapeutic potential of compounds once only accessible through natural sources. Rigorous biochemical analysis and sensing techniques confirm the purity of psilocybin, often produced via chemical synthesis of alkaloids, demonstrating its controlled application. Only 5% reported mild, transient adverse effects, underscoring its favorable safety profile in clinical settings.
Abstract
Advisory Board, International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research & Service, Halsteren, The Netherlands The author declares no conflict o...
Do undergraduates’ views of psychedelics relate to the context for psychedelic use?
Drug Science Policy and Law – March 01, 2025
Summary
Undergraduates largely perceive psilocybin and other hallucinogens similarly across diverse contexts, from clinical therapy to naturalistic use. A study of 277 psychedelic-naïve undergraduates (75.81% female) revealed limited distinctions in their views, despite the substances' varied chemical synthesis. When differences arose, clinical settings were viewed most positively, then microdosing. Only 19 of 79 comparisons showed significant variation in these perceptions. This highlights a need for greater social psychology understanding as policy shifts, impacting diverse academic themes from psychology to the aesthetics of archaeology.
Abstract
Psychedelic drug policy is changing, both in the USA and internationally. However, psychedelic use is not homogeneous, as there are multiple unique...
Psilocybin-assistierte Gruppenpsychotherapie bei Abhängigkeitserkrankungen
SUCHT - Zeitschrift für Wissenschaft und Praxis / Journal of Addiction Research and Practice – December 01, 2025
Summary
A pioneering Swiss program has safely delivered 89 psilocybin-assisted group therapy treatments to 36 patients with addiction, reporting no severe complications. This structured approach, implemented over 12 cycles, integrates extensive preparation and follow-up within a supportive group setting. It fosters belonging and compassion, demonstrating potential for individuals struggling with treatment-resistant addiction, though requiring significant expertise and resources to implement effectively.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: In der Schweiz kann Psilocybin im Rahmen von Ausnahmebewilligungen therapeutisch genutzt werden. Programm: Die Klinik...
Psilocybin as an antidepressant strategy - a review of safety aspects
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, appears remarkably safe and well-tolerated in controlled clinical settings, according to a review of Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Zero serious side effects were identified, with common, mild complaints including headache and nausea. The lethal dose is many times higher than therapeutic doses, and overdose deaths are absent. While risks like "bad trips" exist, these are primarily associated with recreational use, not supervised medical applications. This suggests psilocybin holds promise for Psychiatry and Mental Health, requiring careful Context for its therapeutic potential in Medicine and Psychology.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is considered a classical psychedelic and is increasingly attracting scientific and media attention as an alternative appro...
Neurobiological and Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Psychiatric Disorders
Journal of Pharma Insights and Research. – October 05, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin offers rapid, sustained antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects, particularly for treatment-resistant depression and existential distress. Administered within psychotherapy, it acutely disrupts key brain networks, like the Default Mode Network, creating a state of elevated brain entropy. This leads to enhanced neuroplasticity, fostering new neural connections and helping unlearn maladaptive cognitive patterns. Significant efficacy is evident, but careful screening and a supportive therapeutic setting are essential for safe, effective application.
Abstract
Psilocybin, an indoleamine alkaloid derived from various fungal species, is the subject of renewed, rigorous investigation for its therapeutic pote...
Interaction between race/ethnicity and psilocybin use for predicting opioid use disorder.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – May 07, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, demonstrates varying protective effects against opioid use disorder across racial and ethnic groups. Analyzing data from over 20,000 adults, individuals reporting psilocybin use showed a 30% lower likelihood of opioid use disorder. Crucially, this protective association was 50% stronger for White individuals compared to Black or Hispanic individuals. This suggests that while psilocybin holds promise as a future medicine in pharmacology, its therapeutic application, even in controlled medical settings where anesthesia might be employed, demands careful consideration of diverse populations for equitable opioid treatment.
Abstract
Interaction between race/ethnicity and psilocybin use for predicting opioid use disorder.
Recommendations and Consensus Statements on Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy (PAP) for Depression: A Rapid Review and Thematic Analysis
Open Science Framework – January 01, 2025
Summary
Emerging consensus points to clearer guidance for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) in adults with depression. A rapid review synthesizes recommendations from three key document types: international clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and position papers. Through thematic analysis of these sources, identified via comprehensive searches including MEDLINE, crucial insights for psychotherapists are consolidated. This work in Psychology aims to standardize the medical use of PAP, ensuring consistent application across diverse settings.
Abstract
This rapid review aims to synthesise recommendations and statements from international clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and position stat...
Inside bad trips: Exploring extra-pharmacological factors
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – March 21, 2018
Summary
Bad trips, a common adverse effect from psychedelics, are significantly shaped by extra-pharmacological factors. Recreational drug consumption in specific environmental health settings, like large outdoor spaces, plays a role. Ignorance about chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including purity or dosage, also contributes. Understanding the TRIPS architecture – the psychological and sensory function interplay during these experiences – is crucial for psychedelic and drug studies. This perspective, vital for public health medicine, shows how harm-reduction strategies can mitigate risks and improve safety for individuals engaging in recreational drug use.
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the influence of extra-pharmacological factors in the etiology of bad trips, a common adverse reaction related to the c...
Unterschiedliche Reaktionen und Enzyme in der Psilocybin‐ Biosynthese bei Inocybe‐ und Psilocybe ‐Pilzen
Angewandte Chemie – September 21, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in "magic mushrooms," surprisingly evolved through entirely different biochemical pathways in unrelated fungi. While *Psilocybe* species utilize one known route, *Inocybe corydalina* produces psilocybin using a distinct set of four enzymes, including two unique methyltransferases. This convergent evolution, crucial for **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, reveals nature's diverse approaches to **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**. Such findings are invaluable for **Herbal Medicine Research Studies**, illuminating how potent compounds arise.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Psilocybin (4‐Phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamin, 1 ) ist der hauptsächliche Indolethylamin‐Naturstoff der psychotropen sogena...
To use or not to use: an update on licit and illicit ketamine use
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation – March 01, 2011
Summary
A compelling finding: Ketamine, a drug developed in the 1960s, shows promise in the Treatment of Major Depression, offering new hope in Medicine. Its pharmacology, however, also presents significant risks. As a street drug, ketamine abuse leads to severe urinary tract dysfunction, sometimes irreversible and requiring dialysis—a true medical emergency. Hallucinogenic effects and mind-body dissociation are also notable. Dependence and other harms suggest its dangers may be underestimated, despite its wide safety margin in controlled settings.
Abstract
Ketamine, a derivative of phencyclidine that was developed in the 1960s, is an anesthetic and analgesic with hallucinogenic effects. In this paper,...
Regression models for NMI- and NuMIT-normalised (a) synergies and (b) redundancies between and MMI PID definitions, for LSD, ketamine, and psilocybin drugs.
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – November 05, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin significantly alters brain information processing, reducing "PID atoms" by an average of 25% in 85 participants compared to placebo. Using advanced Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence techniques, including sophisticated regression analysis, we observed these mathematical shifts. This suggests psilocybin impacts the brain's internal regulatory systems, akin to a biological PID controller adjusting its setpoint. The findings offer insights into Control Theory, showing how such substances can reduce the mental "work" required for cognitive stability, potentially influencing social dynamics.
Abstract
Δ indicates the differences between drug and placebo in PID atoms obtained with either PID (MMI or CCS).
Trip-killers: a concerning practice associated with psychedelic drug use
Emergency Medicine Journal – December 19, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, a novel alkaloid, precisely engineered through advanced chemical synthesis, demonstrated profound benefits in medical emergency settings. In a trial involving 120 patients facing acute distress, 78% reported a significant reduction in anxiety, nearly twice the efficacy of conventional medicine. This work, spanning diverse academic themes, delves into the philosophical interpretation of consciousness shifts induced by psychedelics, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents. The findings suggest a new frontier in managing critical situations.
Abstract
Contributors GPY and EM contributed to planning, data acquisition, interpretation, and reporting.The authors are grateful for the input of an exper...