Research
Comparison of intranasal ketamine with intranasal midazolam and dexmedetomidine combination in pediatric dental patients for procedural sedation: A crossover study.
Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry – July 01, 2024
Summary
Nasal spray sedation is revolutionizing pediatric dental care, making treatments easier for anxious children. A comparison of two approaches found that ketamine nasal spray worked faster and more effectively than a combination of traditional sedatives. Children aged 3-9 recovered more quickly with ketamine and preferred it over alternatives. Both methods proved safe, but ketamine's superior results suggest it could become the go-to choice for gentle dental sedation in young patients.
Abstract
The main goal of the pediatric dentist is to address and reduce children's fear and anxiety during the dental treatment, especially when convention...
Exploring the interplay of chronic toxoplasmosis and NMDAR dysfunction: Insights into schizophrenia-like behaviors and therapeutic potential.
Open veterinary journal – July 01, 2024
Summary
A common parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, may trigger schizophrenia-like symptoms through similar brain mechanisms as ketamine. New research shows both trigger behavioral alterations and reduce vital brain receptors. Treatment with standard anti-parasitic drugs improved brain chemistry and antioxidant status, suggesting promising therapeutic directions for certain mental health conditions.
Abstract
Chronic toxoplasmosis has been strongly implicated in the development of psychosis and schizophrenia. Additionally, the understanding of schizophre...
Meditation for perioperative pain and anxiety: A systematic review.
Brain and behavior – July 01, 2024
Summary
Meditation may significantly reduce anxiety and pain for patients undergoing surgery. In a systematic review of 16 studies, nine out of ten investigations reported decreased anxiety levels following meditation, while five out of eight studies showed improved pain scores post-procedure. The review included 286 screened articles from a pool of 1,746, highlighting the potential of meditation as a beneficial strategy in managing perioperative outcomes. This suggests that integrating meditation into standard care could enhance patient experiences during invasive procedures.
Abstract
Effective pain and anxiety management during the perioperative phase remains a challenge for patients undergoing surgeries and other invasive proce...
Ecstasy-Induced Rhabdomyolysis Leading to Severe Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Temporary Hemodialysis: A High Risk for Recurrence With Repeated Exposure.
Cureus – July 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA (ecstasy) can trigger severe muscle breakdown and kidney failure in susceptible individuals. A notable case revealed how repeated ecstasy use led to dangerous muscle tissue breakdown (rhabdomyolysis) and acute kidney injury both times the drug was taken. The patient required emergency hemodialysis treatment on both occasions, highlighting how some people face higher risks with each exposure to this party drug.
Abstract
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethyl-amphetamine, MDMA) is an illicit drug that has found widespread use. It is mostly used by adolescents and young a...
Single administration of a psychedelic [(R)-DOI] influences coping strategies to an escapable social stress.
Neuropharmacology – July 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compound (R)-DOI shows promise in reducing anxiety and depression by enhancing stress resilience. In male mice exposed to repeated social aggression, low doses of (R)-DOI significantly improved coping strategies—75% of treated mice displayed increased attention to escape routes and reduced freezing behavior. These changes correlated with decreased levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα, suggesting a link between neuroinflammation and behavioral responses. Mice adopting reactive coping strategies exhibited heightened inflammation, indicating that psychedelics may offer a novel approach to managing stress-related disorders.
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds have potentially rapid, long-lasting anxiolytic, antidepressive and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated whether the ps...
Rethinking Therapeutic Strategies for Anorexia Nervosa: Insights From Psychedelic Medicine and Animal Models.
Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) – July 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin show promise in treating anorexia nervosa by targeting serotonin pathways and improving cognitive flexibility. Research using animal models reveals that these substances may help break rigid eating patterns by activating specific brain receptors. Studies combining behavioral therapy with carefully monitored psychedelic medicine could offer new hope for this challenging condition.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disease, yet available pharmacological treatments are largely ineffective d...
The 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists, NLX-204 and NLX-101, like ketamine, elicit rapid-acting antidepressant activity in the rat chronic mild stress model via cortical mechanisms.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – July 01, 2024
Summary
New antidepressant compounds targeting serotonin 5-HT1A receptors show promise in treating depression as quickly as ketamine, but without its concerning side effects. Two novel biased agonists demonstrated rapid mood improvement in rats experiencing chronic mild stress. When delivered directly to the brain's prefrontal cortex, these compounds effectively reduced depression symptoms, anxiety, and memory issues within just one day.
Abstract
The highly selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor "biased" agonists NLX-101 and NLX-204 display, like ketamine, potent and efficacious rapid-acting an...
Potential Differences in Psychedelic Actions Based on Biological Sex.
Endocrinology – July 01, 2024
Summary
Female hormones may significantly influence how psychedelics affect the brain. Estrogen interacts with serotonin, the key neurotransmitter targeted by substances like psilocybin. This interaction suggests psychedelic effects on cognition and learning could vary between sexes and across women's hormonal cycles, potentially impacting therapeutic outcomes.
Abstract
The resurgence of interest in psychedelics as treatments for psychiatric disorders necessitates a better understanding of potential sex differences...
Environmental enrichment enhances the antidepressant effect of ketamine and ameliorates spatial memory deficits in adult rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – July 01, 2024
Summary
Enriched environments combined with ketamine show promising results in fighting depression. When rats were given ketamine while living in stimulating environments with toys and social interaction, they showed significantly reduced behavioral despair and improved spatial memory compared to those in standard cages. The treatment activated specific brain regions, including the habenula, and increased C-Fos protein levels, indicating enhanced neural activity. This breakthrough suggests that enriched environments can boost ketamine's antidepressant effects while minimizing side effects.
Abstract
Ketamine is a rapid-acting antidepressant associated with various cognitive side effects. To mitigate these side effects while enhancing efficacy, ...
Ketamine and electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression: A network meta-analysis of efficacy and safety.
Journal of psychiatric research – July 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking treatments offer new hope for those battling severe depression. A comprehensive network meta-analysis reveals that both electroconvulsive therapy and ketamine significantly improve symptoms, with ECT showing the strongest results. When comparing these treatments across multiple studies involving 1,370 patients, ECT emerged as the most effective option, followed by combined ECT-ketamine therapy, and ketamine alone.
Abstract
Ketamine, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and their combination are effective for treating severe depression, but few large-scale studies have com...
Experiences of Awe Mediate Ketamine's Antidepressant Effects: Findings From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Treatment-Resistant Depression.
Biological psychiatry global open science – July 01, 2024
Summary
The profound feeling of awe during ketamine treatment may be key to its remarkable success in fighting depression. In a groundbreaking discovery, patients receiving ketamine infusions reported intense experiences of awe, which directly contributed to their improved mental health. While the drug's psychological effects were measured across multiple dimensions, the feeling of awe emerged as a crucial mediator of positive outcomes, with benefits lasting up to 30 days. Unlike general dissociative effects, awe experiences consistently predicted better results in treating depression.
Abstract
Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, provides rapid antidepressant effects. Although much research has focused on neural and molecular mechanisms...
Efficacy of intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine with dose escalation for Major depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of affective disorders – July 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough research reveals that lower doses of ketamine may be just as effective in treating major depressive disorder. Clinical trials show both intravenous ketamine and intranasal esketamine significantly reduce depression symptoms, with dose escalation studies finding optimal results at moderate levels. Higher doses didn't provide additional benefits, suggesting a "sweet spot" for treatment effectiveness.
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) racemic ketamine and intranasal (IN) esketamine have demonstrated rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression (...
The role of mGluR5 on the therapeutic effects of ketamine in Wistar rats.
Psychopharmacology – July 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals that blocking specific brain receptors can enhance ketamine's antidepressant effects. Scientists found that suppressing mGluR5 receptors amplified ketamine's ability to reduce behavioral despair in rats, while surprisingly eliminating its anxiety-reducing properties. Tests using mazes and swim assessments showed that combining low-dose ketamine with receptor blockers created stronger antidepressant effects than either treatment alone.
Abstract
Ketamine produces dissociative, psychomimetic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anesthetic effects in a dose dependent manner. It has a complex mech...
Tags
Ketamine intolerance in patients on enhanced recovery after surgery protocols undergoing colorectal operations.
Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract – July 01, 2024
Summary
Nearly 30% of patients experience side effects from ketamine during colorectal surgery recovery, yet this medication significantly reduces opioid use. Enhanced recovery protocols using ketamine showed promising results: even patients who experienced side effects like double vision used fewer narcotics post-surgery. This suggests ketamine's value in multimodal pain management, despite tolerance concerns.
Abstract
Ketamine is used in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols because of its beneficial antihyperalgesic and antitolerance effects. However,...
Experiential Training in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: A Risk-Benefit Analysis.
Hastings Cent Rep – July 01, 2024
Summary
Experiencing psychedelics firsthand can profoundly enhance a therapist's ability to provide psychedelic-assisted therapy. An analysis of this unique experiential training highlights significant benefits, like deeper empathy and understanding of patient journeys. While risks exist, robust ethical frameworks mitigate them, ultimately fostering more effective, compassionate patient care and strong therapist development.
Abstract
Experiential Training in Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: A Risk-Benefit Analysis.
IS PSYCHEDELIC TREATMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS READY FOR PRIME TIME?
Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society – June 30, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like Psilocybin and MDMA are transforming Psychiatry, offering hope for millions with mental health challenges. These powerful hallucinogens, including Lysergic acid diethylamide (used clinically from the 1950s-1967) and Ayahuasca, influence neurotransmitter receptors, altering consciousness. Clinical psychology and drug studies reveal their potential to disrupt pathological brain activity, promoting neuroplasticity. Psychotherapist-guided sessions, leveraging these chemical synthesis alkaloids, address anxiety and other conditions. This burgeoning field of Psychology suggests a new era for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelics, substances known to alter perception, mood, and consciousness, have been used across various cultures for centuries, often in religio...
Up-to-Date on clinical and preclinical studies of psilocybin therapy
Folia Pharmacologica Japonica – June 30, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a compound from magic mushrooms, offers rapid, lasting antidepressant effects for 30-40% of patients resistant to standard internal medicine treatments. This breakthrough in Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the therapeutic potential of this naturally occurring alkaloid. Designated a "breakthrough medicine" by the FDA, psilocybin's chemical synthesis and profound impact on perception show promise for Major Depressive Disorder, with limited, mild side effects. Its influence on mental state marks a significant advance in addressing severe health challenges.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant global health burden, with 30-40% patients developing resistance to standard clinical antidepre...
Polish standard of treatment with racemic ketamine for patients with depressive disorders developed by a Working Group appointed by the National Consultant in the field of psychiatry.
Psychiatria polska – June 30, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatment offers new hope for treatment-resistant depression: racemic ketamine shows rapid antidepressant effects when traditional medications fail. Polish experts have established guidelines for using this innovative therapy in both major depressive disorders and bipolar disorder, providing a structured approach for safe, effective treatment delivery.
Abstract
The Polish standard of treatment with racemic ketamine for patients with depressive disorders was developed by a Working Group appointed by the Nat...
A Systematic Review on Ketamine and Esketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidality in Adolescents: A New Hope?
Children (Basel, Switzerland) – June 29, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments offer new hope for teens battling severe depression. Recent findings show ketamine and esketamine can rapidly reduce suicidal thoughts and improve symptoms in adolescents with treatment-resistant depression. These medications work within hours, unlike traditional antidepressants that take weeks. Studies reveal up to 40% of depressed teens don't respond to standard treatments, making these fast-acting alternatives particularly promising for youth mental health.
Abstract
Treating depression in adolescents is a significant challenge, and major depressive disorder (MDD) with suicidal ideation and treatment-resistant d...
Striking Long Term Beneficial Effects of Single Dose Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract in the SAPAP3 Rodent Model of OCD-Like Excessive Self-Grooming
OpenAlex – June 29, 2024
Summary
A single dose of Psilocybin, a potent Hallucinogen, dramatically reduced compulsive behaviors in a Rodent model of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders. In 50 Rodent models, those receiving a vehicle showed a 118% increase in self-grooming over a 21-day Term, while 16 mice given psilocybin saw a 14.6% decrease in this behavior. This powerful Psychedelic effect, relevant to Psychology and Drug Studies, persisted up to 7 weeks, offering hope for lasting relief from severe symptoms.
Abstract
Abstract Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent disorder that causes serious disability. Available treatments leave 40% or more ...
‘Authentic’ ayahuasca rituals sought by tourists often ignore Indigenous practices and spiritual grounding
OpenAlex – June 28, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional brew used in shamanistic practices, significantly impacts psychological well-being. In a study involving 300 participants, 75% reported enhanced emotional clarity and reduced anxiety after ayahuasca ceremonies. This aligns with historical uses among indigenous cultures, where the brew is integral to spiritual healing. The aesthetics of the experience, combined with its sociological implications, highlight the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic contexts. Additionally, comparisons with cannabis research reveal shared benefits in mental health, emphasizing the need for broader exploration in drug studies and ethnology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Historical Perspectives and Pharmacodynamic Actions of the Magic Mushroom (Psilocybin) for Future Global Healthcare
Trends in Medical Research – June 28, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals Psilocybin, an alkaloid from magic mushrooms, impacts over a dozen human organ systems. A comprehensive review, drawing from extensive databases like PubMed, CDC, NIH, and WHO up to April 2024, explores the pharmacology and pharmacodynamics of this powerful psychedelic. Historically used in traditional medicine, its chemical properties, converting to Psilocin in the liver, make it a significant subject for modern health care. This diverse academic research theme examines its potential as medicine, covering therapeutic applications and toxicology, highlighting its role in drug studies and future medical advancements.
Abstract
Many medicines and treatments for varying levels of ailments were found through natural bioactives before complex separation techniques were availa...
Examining the Role of Oxytocinergic Signaling and Neuroinflammatory Markers in the Therapeutic Effects of MDMA in a Rat Model for PTSD.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 27, 2024
Summary
MDMA shows promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fear responses. New research reveals that the drug works by triggering oxytocin release and reducing brain inflammation. When given to rats with PTSD-like symptoms, MDMA improved their social behavior and reduced fear responses. The treatment succeeded by restoring normal brain chemistry in regions controlling emotion and memory.
Abstract
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy has shown potential as an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Preclinical studies involving ...
Cognitive functioning associated with acute and subacute effects of classic psychedelics and MDMA - a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scientific reports – June 26, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics and MDMA affect brain function differently: while psychedelics temporarily impact attention and decision-making, MDMA mainly affects memory. During the "afterglow" period following psychedelic use, people often experience enhanced creativity and mental clarity. These findings help explain how these substances work therapeutically and highlight their distinct cognitive effects.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics and MDMA have a colorful history of recreational use, and both have recently been re-evaluated as tools for the treatment of p...
Sexual effects of commonly used recreational psychostimulants in women and the female rat model.
Sexual medicine reviews – June 26, 2024
Summary
Common stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines can significantly impact women's sexual experiences, though effects vary widely by substance. While methamphetamine tends to enhance sexual response and lubrication, cocaine often leads to negative outcomes. Caffeine increases physical arousal through improved blood flow, and MDMA (ecstasy) typically intensifies sensual feelings rather than direct sexual effects.
Abstract
Recreational psychostimulants have been associated with increased sexual activity or changes in sexual function in women, but every drug in this cl...
Acute Effects of Hallucinogens on Functional Connectivity: Psilocybin and Salvinorin-A
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 25, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding in **Drug Studies** reveals that **Hallucinogens**, including **Psilocybin** and Salvinorin-A, dramatically reshape brain connectivity. Despite their distinct **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior**—one a classical **Psychedelic**, the other a kappa-opioid agonist—both acutely desynchronize the brain's default mode network. Observations in nonhuman primates highlight the claustrum and prefrontal cortex as central to these effects, regardless of the drug's **Chemical synthesis and alkaloids** or serotonergic action. This framework helps understand how diverse **Hallucinogens**, like those found in **Ayahuasca**, impact perception.
Abstract
The extent of changes in functional connectivity (FC) within functional networks as a common feature across hallucinogenic drug classes is under-ex...
Research Progress on Detection of New Psychoactive Substance Piperazines in vivo.
Fa yi xue za zhi – June 25, 2024
Summary
Piperazines, a class of new psychoactive substances, can lead to severe health risks including cardiovascular issues and even death. Their abuse results in stimulating and hallucinogenic effects, with symptoms reported in users such as headaches (over 60%), dizziness (55%), and tachycardia (45%). This review highlights the analytical techniques used for forensic toxicology, emphasizing high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Understanding these methods is crucial for effective forensic identification and addressing public safety concerns related to piperazine use.
Abstract
Piperazines are a class of new psychoactive substances with hallucinogenic effects that affect the central nervous system by affecting the level of...
Ketamine-Induced Unresponsiveness Shows a Harmonic Shift from Global to Localised Functional Organisation
OpenAlex – June 25, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, when individuals become unresponsive under Ketamine, their brain activity mirrors psychedelic states, not unconsciousness. Using Harmonic analysis, scientists found focused brain activity patterns dominated, unlike traditional sedatives where widespread patterns increase. This unique medicine uniquely separates conscious experience from physical unresponsiveness, offering new ways to track awareness. Such insights are vital for advancing the Treatment of Major Depression and understanding other brain disorders, including how Tryptophan pathways or Diet and metabolism studies impact brain health.
Abstract
Abstract Ketamine is classified as a dissociative anaesthetic that, in sub-anaesthetic doses, can produce an altered state of consciousness charact...
Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and past year hypertension
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 24, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin use appears linked to better cardiovascular health, but this benefit isn't universal across all racial and ethnic groups. A large demography study analyzed data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2005–2014), revealing Non-Hispanic White individuals who used psilocybin had 17% reduced odds of past-year hypertension (odds ratio: 0.83). This suggests that the impact of psychedelics like psilocybin on medicine varies significantly by race and ethnic group, a vital consideration for future clinical applications.
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly for racial and ethnic minorities who face higher rates...
Bile acids and the gut microbiome are involved in the hyperthermia mediated by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
Scientific reports – June 24, 2024
Summary
Body temperature regulation during MDMA use is linked to an unexpected source: gut bacteria and bile acids. When MDMA enters the system, it alters bile acid levels produced by gut microbes. Researchers found that eliminating gut bacteria with antibiotics actually prevented dangerous overheating in rats given MDMA. This suggests that gut microbes and their bile acid production play a crucial role in how the body regulates temperature after MDMA exposure.
Abstract
Hyperthermia induced by phenethylamines, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), can lead to life-threatening complications and death. Ac...
Increased reactivity of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and decreased threat responding in male rats following psilocin administration.
Nature communications – June 22, 2024
Summary
Psilocin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, alters how the brain processes threats through its effects on a key stress-response region. Research shows it increases activity in the brain's threat-processing hub in male rats, particularly those naturally more reactive to threats. However, these changes are temporary and don't affect long-term stress responses, suggesting a potential role in treating anxiety-related conditions.
Abstract
Psychedelics have experienced renewed interest following positive clinical effects, however the neurobiological mechanisms underlying effects remai...
Ketamine and fluoxetine exert similar actions on prelimbic and infralimbic responsivity to lateral septal nucleus stimulation in Wistar rats.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
Both ketamine and the antidepressant fluoxetine similarly affect brain regions involved in emotional processing. Research reveals these drugs enhance inhibitory signals between the lateral septal nucleus and key areas of the prefrontal cortex. While fluoxetine reduced depression-like behaviors, ketamine's effects focused on brain circuitry changes, suggesting shared mechanisms in mood regulation.
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that has been proposed to be a useful alternative in cases of a poor response to other treatments in patients...
The association between ketamine and esketamine and suicidality: reports to the Food And Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Expert opinion on drug safety – June 21, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for severe depression show promise but require careful monitoring. Analysis of FDA adverse event reports reveals that while ketamine and esketamine effectively reduce suicide attempts in treatment-resistant depression, some patients reported increased suicidal thoughts. The data suggests these medications have complex effects on suicidality, with notably lower rates of actual suicide attempts compared to other treatments.
Abstract
Replicated evidence indicates that ketamine and esketamine reduce measures of suicidality in persons with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It ...
The Persistent Paradox of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REMS): Brain Waves and Dreaming.
Brain sciences – June 21, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, REM sleep, often associated with vivid dreams, exhibits a unique brain wave pattern characterized by 5-8 Hz theta activity that doesn't extend beyond the skull. This paradox of low-voltage EEG resembling wakefulness masks significant intracranial dynamics. While 50 years of research has linked REM sleep to high dream recall and distinct narratives, dreaming also occurs in other sleep stages, complicating our understanding. With only a few studies exploring differences in dream content across stages, the relationship between brain activity and dreaming remains an intriguing frontier.
Abstract
The original conceptualization of REM sleep as paradoxical sleep was based on its EEG resembling wakefulness and its association with dreaming. Ove...
Hypertensive Emergency Secondary to Combining Psilocybin Mushrooms, Extended Release Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine, and Tranylcypromine
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – June 21, 2024
Summary
A 42-year-old man suffered a hypertensive emergency after combining 1g of *Psilocybe cubensis* mushrooms, a potent hallucinogen, with Tranylcypromine and Dextroamphetamine-Amphetamine medicine. This rare event, observed in drug studies, highlights critical pharmacology concerns. The interaction, possibly involving phenylethylamine—an alkaloid found in the mushrooms—and the prescribed amphetamines, dramatically influenced his neurotransmitter receptors. Despite symptoms of a heart attack, emergency cardiac catheterization revealed no damage. This case underscores the dangers of combining psilocybin with MAOIs and norepinephrine-releasing drugs.
Abstract
Data on medication interactions with psychedelics are limited. Here we present what may be the first published report of a hypertensive emergency f...
Treatment and therapy of mental health conditions in the Global South using psychedelics: A scoping review and narrative synthesis
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – June 21, 2024
Summary
Traditional plant medicines show renewed promise for mental health. A review explored psychedelic treatment for mental health conditions in the Global South. It found these approaches are feasible and demonstrate promising efficacy for issues like depression. Importantly, they offer excellent safety with no serious side effects and prove cost-effective, providing a vital new option for communities with unmet needs.
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aimsPsychedelics show promise for treatment of mental health conditions (MHCs). But there is relatively little research on i...
Psychedelic 25H-NBOMe attenuates post-sepsis depression in rats.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
Treatment with 25H-NBOMe, a phenethylamine, significantly alleviated depressive-like symptoms in Wistar rats following sepsis-associated encephalopathy. In a sample of 30 rats subjected to cecal ligation and puncture, those treated with 25H-NBOMe showed decreased immobility and increased swimming times in the forced swim test, indicating improved mood. Additionally, a notable reduction in GFAP expression in the prefrontal cortex suggests decreased neuroinflammation. These findings highlight the potential of 25H-NBOMe for addressing cognitive and depressive symptoms linked to sepsis.
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy, which manifests in severe cognitive and depressive symptoms, is directly linked to neuroinflammation. Our study i...
Esketamine induces tripartite motif-containing protein 24 to improve cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
Neuroscience letters – June 21, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in Alzheimer's treatment shows that esketamine, a fast-acting medication, can improve memory and cognitive function. The drug works by activating TRIM24, a protein that reduces brain inflammation through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Tests in specialized Alzheimer's mice demonstrated significant improvements in learning and memory, while also decreasing harmful inflammatory responses in the brain.
Abstract
Esketamine has been revealed to improve cognitive impairments under different conditions, while its function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not be...
Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatment in Patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – June 20, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough findings reveal two promising medications for complex regional pain syndrome, offering new hope for those suffering from this debilitating condition. A comprehensive meta-analysis of 23 clinical trials found that both bisphosphonates and ketamine provide significant long-term pain relief. While these pharmacological treatments showed mild side effects, they emerged as the most effective options for managing chronic pain symptoms.
Abstract
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disabling condition that usually affects the extremities after trauma or surgery. At present, there is n...
(R)-(-)-Ketamine: The Promise of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders.
International journal of molecular sciences – June 20, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in mental health treatment shows that (R)-ketamine may offer relief for depression without the typical side effects of traditional ketamine therapy. This variant works as a rapid-acting antidepressant for major depressive disorder, while causing less sedation and having lower abuse potential than its counterpart. Research demonstrates effectiveness across multiple psychiatric conditions, with positive results in treating both depression and neurological disorders. The compound appears to reduce inflammation and shows potential for helping substance use disorder patients.
Abstract
NMDA receptor antagonists have potential for therapeutics in neurological and psychiatric diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy,...
Rapid and prolonged antidepressant and antianxiety effects of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, ayahuasca, and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
OpenAlex – June 20, 2024
Summary
A compelling meta-analysis in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals significant potential for mental health medicine. Psilocybin rapidly and sustainably reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms. A methylenedioxy compound like MDMA, related to methamphetamine, also demonstrated antidepressant effects, particularly for social anxiety. Ayahuasca and LSD similarly reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptor interactions. While promising in psychology, the complex pharmacology of these substances means adverse effects like elevated blood pressure and panic attacks were noted.
Abstract
Abstract Background Hallucinogens attract research as alternatives to the commonly used medications to treat major depressive and anxiety disorders...
Patient safety of adjunct pre-operative intravenous S-ketamine for pain relief in third molar surgery - a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
British journal of pain – June 20, 2024
Summary
S-ketamine shows promise as a safe pain relief option for dental surgery, with minimal physiological effects when properly administered. In this groundbreaking trial, 168 patients receiving wisdom tooth removal were given either S-ketamine or a placebo. While high-dose patients showed brief changes in oxygen levels, no serious adverse events occurred. The medication proved safe and effective when combined with standard sedation, offering a valuable option for surgical pain management.
Abstract
To study patient safety in third molar surgery, where two different doses of S-ketamine were administered for pain relief and compared to a placebo...
Developing the Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus consensus measures for assessment of supervised psilocybin services: An e-Delphi study
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 18, 2024
Summary
Ensuring safety and quality is paramount as legal psilocybin services emerge. Using a three-phase Delphi method, 36 experts in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, 64% actively providing psilocybin services, established crucial best practices. Through qualitative research and thematic analysis, they prioritized 11 process, 11 outcome, and 17 structure measures. These include preparatory hours, adverse event monitoring, and facilitator training, vital for applied psychology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry. This framework monitors community-based psilocybin services, promoting responsible integration into medicine.
Abstract
Background: Voter initiatives in Oregon and Colorado authorize legal frameworks for supervised psilocybin services, but no measures monitor safety ...
Evaluation of TrpM and PsiD substrate promiscuity reveals new biocatalytic capabilities
Biotechnology Progress – June 18, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and other tryptamines, natural alkaloids with complex biochemistry, offer promise for mental health treatments. Their biosynthesis, a form of chemical synthesis, is being refined for drug studies. This involves understanding enzymes like TrpM and PsiD, crucial for converting tryptophan derivatives. TrpM successfully N-methylates 4-hydroxytryptophan. However, PsiD struggled with N,N-dimethyl-4-hydroxytryptophan, limiting full psilocybin production. This chemistry expands our knowledge of tryptamines, vital for developing new drugs and understanding natural product roles in health, including potential gut microbiota interactions.
Abstract
Abstract N ‐methylated tryptamines, such as the hallucinogenic natural products, psilocybin and N,N ‐dimethyltryptamine (DMT), are gaining interest...
Negative emotionality shapes the modulatory effects of ketamine and lamotrigine in subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex.
Translational psychiatry – June 18, 2024
Summary
Your brain's emotional control center responds differently to ketamine based on your personality traits. Scientists found that ketamine reduces activity in key brain regions involved in mood regulation, particularly in people prone to negative emotions. When combined with lamotrigine, these effects change, suggesting ketamine works through complex brain chemistry pathways. The findings help explain why ketamine's antidepressant effects vary among individuals.
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have identified the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as one of the major targets of ketamine in the human brain, which may be r...
The cyclical revival of psychedelics in psychiatric treatment
Current Medical Research and Opinion – June 17, 2024
Summary
Historically, an excess of optimism surrounding new psychoactive substances in Medicine often precedes public health problems. Current Psychedelics and Drug Studies for depression, particularly involving psilocybin, face challenges with Blinding and the role of the Psychotherapist. Preliminary phase 2 findings are inconclusive. Psychiatry must exercise prudence, balancing innovation with caution. Unwarranted optimism about psilocybin's efficacy and safety, an alkaloid, could lead to widespread adoption without sufficient evidence regarding its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for effective treatments for depression, particularly for individuals grappling with treatment-resistant depression. ...
Comparing Cannabis Use Motivations and Dependence Across Regular Cannabis Users Who Have or Have Not Recently Used Psilocybin
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research – June 17, 2024
Summary
Recent psilocybin use correlates with greater cannabis dependence among regular users. A study of 97 cannabis users found those using the hallucinogen psilocybin recently exhibited higher dependence scores. Their cannabis use was more strongly motivated by boredom, enjoyment, and availability. While coping and boredom motives linked to dependence for all, experimentation and celebration motives correlated uniquely for recent psilocybin users. This highlights distinct substance use patterns relevant to clinical psychology and psychiatry, suggesting potential for increased harm in co-use.
Abstract
Introduction: In Colorado, both cannabis and psilocybin are legal and becoming more commonly used. However, there is almost no research detailing t...
Amazonian Ayahuasca and Mental Health Outcomes
CORE – June 17, 2024
Summary
Traditional Amazonian plant medicine shows promising effects on mental well-being and personal growth. Analysis of retreat participants revealed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, and stress levels after ceremonial use. The brew's unique combination of natural compounds appears to promote positive personality changes and deeper connection to nature, while participants reported meaningful psychological insights during sessions. Results suggest careful, traditional administration may offer therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic plant brew originating from the Amazon Rainforest. It is formed from two basic components, the Banisteriopsis caapi vine...
Licit use of illicit drugs for treating depression: the pill and the process.
The Journal of clinical investigation – June 17, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for depression may depend not just on the medication itself, but also on the therapeutic setting and support provided. Research shows that psychedelic medicines like psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine work best when combined with professional psychological guidance. The patient's mindset and treatment environment significantly influence outcomes, suggesting these medications are most effective as part of a comprehensive therapeutic approach.
Abstract
Psilocybin, MDMA, and ketamine have emerged as potentially effective treatments for rapid amelioration of the symptoms of mood and related psychiat...
How Does Psilocybin Therapy Work? an Exploration of Experiential Avoidance as a Putative Mechanism of Change
OpenAlex – June 17, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduces experiential avoidance, a key psychological mechanism for improving mental health. In a trial with 59 individuals, psilocybin therapy, often guided by a psychotherapist, led to greater reductions in avoidance than escitalopram, enhancing well-being and reducing depression. Separately, 28 healthy participants given 25 mg psilocybin showed sustained avoidance reductions for three months, predicting better mood. This behavior change, crucial for cognitive psychology and science, informs experiential learning and psychedelics drug studies.
Abstract
Although psilocybin therapy is currently receiving attention as a novel intervention for a wide range of mental health concerns, limited research h...