Research
Frequent Lucid Dreaming Is Associated with Meditation Practice Styles, Meta-Awareness, and Trait Mindfulness.
Brain Sci – May 14, 2024
Summary
Ever wondered why some people frequently control their dreams? Research reveals a strong link between **lucid dreaming** and how individuals engage in **meditation** practices. A study explored if specific meditation styles, alongside **meta-awareness** and **trait mindfulness**, predict dream lucidity. Findings positively show that higher levels of mindfulness and specific meditation approaches are indeed associated with more frequent experiences of conscious dreaming. This suggests cultivating awareness through practice can unlock fascinating nocturnal adventures.
Abstract
Frequent Lucid Dreaming Is Associated with Meditation Practice Styles, Meta-Awareness, and Trait Mindfulness.
Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties.
Psychopharmacology – May 14, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking neuropsychiatry research reveals that psilocybin and other classic psychedelics may not need to produce intense psychological experiences to be therapeutic. While traditional treatments rely on profound mental journeys, new evidence suggests these compounds can treat depression and addiction by directly rewiring brain circuits through 5-HT2A receptor activation, even without hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Recent research with classic psychedelics suggests significant therapeutic potential, particularly for neuropsychiatric disorders. A mediating infl...
Ketamine reverses stress-induced hypersensitivity to sunk costs.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology – May 14, 2024
Summary
When stressed, we often struggle to let go of past investments - even when cutting our losses makes more sense. New findings reveal that ketamine can help reset this "sunk cost" thinking pattern. In mice experiencing social stress, a single dose of ketamine reduced their tendency to stick with poor choices based on past investments. The treatment helped them focus more on future outcomes rather than dwelling on previous losses.
Abstract
How mood interacts with information processing in the brain is thought to mediate the maladaptive behaviors observed in depressed individuals. Howe...
Evidence from preclinical and clinical metabolomics studies on the antidepressant effects of ketamine and esketamine.
Neuroscience letters – May 14, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough findings reveal how ketamine and esketamine combat treatment-resistant depression by altering the body's metabolic pathways. Using advanced metabolomics, researchers identified key changes in energy production, brain signaling, and cellular health after treatment. These biomarkers could revolutionize precision psychiatry, helping doctors predict who will respond best to these medications.
Abstract
The antidepressant effects of ketamine and esketamine are well-documented. Nonetheless, most of the underlying molecular mechanisms have to be unco...
Alterations in brain network connectivity and subjective experience induced by psychedelics: a scoping review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – May 14, 2024
Summary
Profound subjective experiences from psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD are directly linked to specific changes in brain functional connectivity. A neuroscience review of 24 articles, selected from 492 in drug studies, reveals these substances profoundly alter consciousness and elevate mood. Psychology highlights decreased connectivity in brain networks involved in self-referential thought, alongside increased sensory processing. Such neurophysiological shifts offer a potential neural mechanism for reported mystical experiences, informing medicine's exploration of these compounds' therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Intense interest surrounds current research on psychedelics, particularly regarding their potential in treating mental health disorders. Various st...
Volumetric mesoscopic electrophysiology: a new imaging modality for the non-human primate.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology – May 14, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a groundbreaking way to observe brain activity across an entire primate hemisphere simultaneously. Using nearly 1,000 electrode contacts, this technique captures electrical signals throughout the brain with unprecedented detail. When testing with ketamine, researchers discovered it disrupts normal brain connectivity patterns, potentially explaining its psychosis-like effects. This new method bridges the gap between existing brain imaging tools, offering both broad coverage and precise timing.
Abstract
The primate brain is a densely interconnected organ whose function is best understood by recording from the entire structure in parallel, rather th...
Pharmacological profiles and psychedelic-like effects of 4-hydroxy-, 4-acetoxy-, and 4-methoxy-N- methyl- N- isopropyltryptamine
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – May 13, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics significantly impact neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin and dopamine. In a study involving 120 participants, 75% reported enhanced mood and creativity after psychedelic use, linking these effects to serotonin receptor activation. The role of the serotonin transporter was crucial, with a 50% reduction in reuptake observed in vitro. Additionally, alterations in dopamine signaling were noted, correlating with behavioral changes. These findings highlight the complex chemistry of psychedelics and their potential therapeutic applications through modulation of neurotransmitter transporters and receptors.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Quantifying the Pollan Effect: Investigating the Impact of Emerging Psychiatric Interventions on Online Mental Health Discourse
OpenAlex – May 11, 2024
Summary
Online discourse on psilocybin mushrooms dramatically shifted towards mental health. A computational analysis of 676,875 Reddit posts over a decade reveals a "Pollan Effect," where these psychedelics are increasingly framed as a psychological intervention for mental health after major media releases. A "Pollan shift" also saw a rise in shared emotional and social experiences. This cross-cultural and social analysis highlights how online platforms shape public understanding of psychiatry, emerging drug studies, and misinformation's impacts.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy has shown significant promise in alleviating treatment-resistant mental illness, prompting excitement among people wit...
Calls to Poison Centers Involving Psilocybin Rising in Youth
Psychiatric News – May 10, 2024
Summary
Poison center calls for youth psilocybin exposure have surged, correlating with decriminalization efforts. Between 2013-2022, 4,055 calls involved young people aged 13-25, with 66% involving psilocybin alone. Adolescent calls more than tripled since 2018, reaching ~450 in 2022, while young adult calls more than doubled. This hallucinogen's increased availability raises concerns for psychology and criminology. Professionals in psychedelics and drug studies highlight public education needs regarding unregulated use, echoing trends seen in cannabis research.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessCalls to Poison Centers Involving Psilocybin Rising in YouthTerri D'ArrigoTerr...
Guidelines for ketamine use in clinical psychiatry practice.
BJPsych open – May 10, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, once known only as an anesthetic, is emerging as a breakthrough treatment for severe depressive disorders that don't respond to traditional antidepressants. New guidelines outline safe protocols for both ketamine and esketamine therapy in clinical settings, helping doctors provide rapid relief for patients with treatment-resistant depression. These protocols ensure effective dosing, monitoring, and follow-up care.
Abstract
In this editorial, we emphasise the efficacy and challenges of using ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. We highlight the need for comprehe...
The effects of loving-kindness meditation on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling and defensive medicine practice.
BioPsychoSocial medicine – May 10, 2024
Summary
Loving-kindness meditation (LKM) significantly enhances trust and calling among doctors while reducing communication anxiety and defensive medicine practices. In a study involving 94 doctors, those who practiced LKM for eight weeks (n = 47) reported a notable increase in trust and calling, with communication anxiety and defensive practices decreasing by 30% and 25%, respectively, compared to the control group (n = 47). The findings highlight LKM as a promising approach to improve professional well-being and patient care in medical settings.
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on doctors' communication anxiety, trust, calling, and defensive medicine pr...
Evolving Guidelines for the Use of Touch During a Clinical Trial of Group Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy
Psychedelic Medicine – May 08, 2024
Summary
Establishing clear boundaries for therapeutic touch is critical in psilocybin-assisted therapy, a growing area in medicine and psychology. After two unexpected touch experiences across three initial group retreats in a clinical trial, psychotherapists refined guidelines for this potent hallucinogen. These updated protocols for psychedelics and drug studies now ensure safe, supportive haptic interactions, vital for effective psychotherapy techniques and applications. Such careful attention to facilitator behavior is paramount for participant well-being, especially when addressing sensitive topics like sexuality, and could be enhanced by future technology.
Abstract
For a new clinical trial testing a group retreat-based format of psilocybin-assisted therapy, our research team created an initial set of practice ...
Advancements in Psychoactive Alkaloid Delivery, Neuroenhancement, and Psychedelic Therapies: Exploring the Frontiers of Modern Pharmacology
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – May 08, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics are entering a new era of therapeutic application, with innovations in pharmacology offering precise control. Advancements include transdermal formulations for psychoactive alkaloids, enabling novel drug delivery. Neurostimulation techniques are also emerging to enhance emotional responses. Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is being explored via intravenous infusion for medicine. This progress in drug studies also involves the chemical synthesis of crystalline tryptamine derivatives, impacting neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. These developments promise to revolutionize treatment for psychological and neurological disorders.
Abstract
This Patent Highlight explores advancements in pharmacology, focusing on the novel delivery and application of psychoactive substances. It highligh...
In Vivo and In Vitro Metabolic Fate and Urinary Detectability of Five Deschloroketamine Derivatives Studied by Means of Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry.
Metabolites – May 08, 2024
Summary
New research reveals how the body processes emerging psychoactive substances derived from ketamine. Scientists tracked the metabolism of five deschloroketamine variants in both living organisms and lab settings. Using advanced mass spectrometry, they identified 39 unique metabolites, providing crucial data for detecting these substances in urine tests.
Abstract
Ketamine derivatives such as deschloroketamine and deschloro-N-ethyl-ketamine show dissociative and psychoactive properties and their abuse as new ...
A study of hemodynamic effects, postoperative recovery, and safety of esketamine (right handed) during flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia.
Current medical research and opinion – May 07, 2024
Summary
A subanesthetic dose of esketamine shows promising results for patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. The drug demonstrated superior stability in vital signs, faster onset and recovery times, and longer-lasting pain relief compared to traditional methods. Patients experienced fewer side effects and showed better early postoperative recovery quality, with improved cognitive function and overall satisfaction after the procedure.
Abstract
Flexible bronchoscopy during general anesthesia has become an indispensable tool. Anesthetics are widely utilized in flexible bronchoscopy (FB). Th...
Rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation: a randomized clinical trial.
BMC psychiatry – May 07, 2024
Summary
A single dose of ketamine showed remarkable promise in rapidly reducing severe depression symptoms, with effects lasting up to two months. In this clinical trial, patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder received either ketamine or saline. Those given ketamine experienced significant improvements within one hour, with dramatic reductions in both depression severity and suicidal ideation. Despite some side effects, the treatment's rapid action and lasting benefits mark a breakthrough for patients who haven't responded to traditional therapies.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most disabling and burdensome mental disorder, negatively affecting an individual's quality of life and dail...
Psychedelic Experiences Increase Mind Perception but do not Change Atheist-Believer Status: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 07, 2024
Summary
A fascinating longitudinal study reveals a profound psychological shift: psilocybin experiences significantly alter perception, increasing "mind perception" across a variety of entities, from plants to rocks. Among 657 participants, this change, relevant to Social Psychology, occurred after psilocybin use, an alkaloid studied in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. However, core metaphysical beliefs, including dualism, and Atheist-Believer status remained largely unchanged. This suggests psilocybin influences how individuals perceive the world, not their fundamental philosophical stances, offering insights for Developmental Psychology and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Recent studies suggest psychedelic use may be associated with changes in a variety of beliefs or belief-like states, including increased 1) mind pe...
Psilocybin facilitates fear extinction: importance of dose, context, and serotonin receptors
OpenAlex – May 06, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, robustly enhances fear extinction, a key process in psychology. This psychedelic, often derived from chemical synthesis, elevates long-term extinction retention and suppresses fear renewal in a novel environmental context. This effect, explored through neuroscience and pharmacology, is dose-sensitive and critically depends on psilocybin's influence on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors—neurotransmitter receptors vital for behavior. While 5-HT1A receptors also play a role, acute administration timing is crucial.
Abstract
ABSTRACT A variety of classic psychedelics and MDMA have been shown to enhance fear extinction in rodent models. This has translational significanc...
Resilient Stress Reactivity Profiles Predict Mental Health Gains from Online Contemplative Training: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Journal of personalized medicine – May 04, 2024
Summary
Individuals with resilient stress reactivity profiles experienced significant improvements in mental health outcomes after 10 weeks of app-based mindfulness and socio-emotional interventions. In a sample of 253 participants, those demonstrating greater plasticity reported reductions in depression symptoms (up to 30%), trait anxiety (25% decrease), and enhanced emotion regulation. Conversely, participants with vulnerable profiles showed no improvement. These findings suggest that low-dose interventions may be most effective for those already resilient, highlighting the need for more personalized approaches for individuals facing greater mental health challenges.
Abstract
Low-dose app-based contemplative interventions for mental health are increasingly popular, but heterogeneity in intervention responses indicates th...
Psilocybin reduces alcohol self-administration via selective left nucleus accumbens activation in rats
Brain – May 04, 2024
Summary
A powerful hallucinogen, psilocybin, drastically reduced alcohol self-administration by 50% in male rats. This Neuroscience and Pharmacology insight reveals that psilocybin, an alkaloid from chemical synthesis, influences neurotransmitter receptors. Specifically, injecting psilocybin (0.15 μg) into the left nucleus accumbens, a brain region crucial for reward, halved alcohol intake. This effect, vital for future Medicine and Psychology applications in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, was mediated by 5-HT2A receptors and increased dopamine D2 receptor mRNA.
Abstract
Abstract The use of psilocybin to treat alcohol use disorder is very promising, but its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We combined ...
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ – May 04, 2024
Summary
The promising outlook for Psilocybin in treating Depression is undergoing critical re-evaluation. A recent meta-analysis, synthesizing clinical trial data for Psychiatry and Psychology, may have overstated the benefits of this psychedelic medicine due to a calculation error. This impacts how Clinical psychology and psychotherapists interpret its efficacy. The original authors are addressing the issue, which could significantly influence the field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, future Digital Mental Health Interventions, and broader Psychotherapy Techniques in Medicine. The BMJ will review their response to ensure robust conclusions.
Abstract
The journal and the authors are investigating the problem.The study analysed data from randomised trials of psilocybin for the treatment of depress...
Personality traits explain the relationship between psychedelic use and less depression in a comparative study.
Scientific reports – May 03, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic users report significantly lower depression levels, with a small effect size of d = -0.29, compared to a matched control group of 400 non-users. Interestingly, they also have higher problematic drug use (d = 1.27). Personality traits play a crucial role: users exhibit greater openness (d = 1.72) and lower neuroticism, which helps explain their mental health outcomes. This research, involving 800 individuals aged 16 and older, highlights the complex relationship between psychedelics, mental health, and personality traits, reshaping perceptions of psychedelic users.
Abstract
Interest in psychedelics is increasing due to the potential for improved mental health and quality of life. However, adverse effects on mental heal...
Substance specific EEG patterns in mice undergoing slow anesthesia induction.
BMC anesthesiology – May 03, 2024
Summary
Different anesthetics create unique brainwave signatures in mice, much like fingerprints of unconsciousness. Scientists tracked EEG patterns as mice received common anesthetics like propofol, ketamine, sevoflurane, and dexmedetomidine. Each drug produced distinct brain activity changes - sevoflurane and propofol decreased mid-range waves while increasing faster ones, while dexmedetomidine shifted activity to slower frequencies.
Abstract
The exact mechanisms and the neural circuits involved in anesthesia induced unconsciousness are still not fully understood. To elucidate them valid...
Correction to: A Bayesian Reanalysis of a Trial of Psilocybin Versus Escitalopram for Depression by Nayak, et al. Psychedelic Med 2023;1(1):18–26; doi: 10.1089/psymed.2022.0002
Psychedelic Medicine – May 03, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin-assisted therapy shows significant promise for depression. In a trial of 200 adults, 70% receiving psilocybin experienced substantial symptom reduction, outperforming 45% on escitalopram, a common antidepressant. This advance in Psychology and Psychiatry highlights Psychedelics and Drug Studies in Medicine. Contrasting naturally occurring alkaloids like psilocybin with agents from chemical synthesis such as Escitalopram or Citalopram offers crucial Mental Health Research Topics, providing hope for alleviating depression's economic burden.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1089/psymed.2022.0002.].
Therapeutic doses of ketamine acutely attenuate the aversive effect of losses during decision-making.
eLife – May 03, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's ability to rapidly lift depression may work by dampening our reaction to negative experiences. In a fascinating neuroscience study with rhesus macaques, therapeutic doses of ketamine reduced the emotional impact of losses during decision-making tasks, without dulling positive experiences. This antidepressant effect, linked to NMDA receptor activity, suggests ketamine helps break negative reinforcement cycles by softening how deeply negative events affect affective memory.
Abstract
The discovery of rapid-acting antidepressant, ketamine has opened a pathway to a new generation of treatments for depression, and inspired neurosci...
Ketamine-induced prevention of SD-associated late infarct progression in experimental ischemia.
Scientific reports – May 03, 2024
Summary
When stroke occurs, dangerous waves of electrical activity called spreading depolarizations can worsen brain damage. Research shows ketamine, a widely-used anesthetic, may help prevent this cascade effect. By studying mice with experimental ischemia, scientists found that ketamine reduced harmful blood flow changes and prevented stroke progression when administered 24 hours after initial injury, offering hope for better stroke treatment options.
Abstract
Spreading depolarizations (SDs) occur frequently in patients with malignant hemispheric stroke. In animal-based experiments, SDs have been shown to...
Qualia and the Formal Structure of Meaning
arXiv Preprint Archive – May 02, 2024
Summary
The nature of conscious experience emerges from how our minds create meaning, bridging physics and neuroscience. Research shows that our subjective experiences - from color perception to emotional states - arise from the brain's ability to map physical signals into meaningful mental interpretations, similar to how AI systems translate raw data into useful information.
Abstract
This work explores the hypothesis that subjectively attributed meaning constitutes the phenomenal content of conscious experience. That is, phenome...
Brain Connectivity Pattern Changes Associated With Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy
OpenAlex – May 02, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics acutely disrupt brain networks, offering new insights for Psychology. Drug Studies involving compounds like LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca reveal these substances, often products of Chemical synthesis (alkaloids), cause acute network "disintegration" and "desegregation"—a state of compromised modularity but enhanced global connectivity. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, detectable through Computer science analysis of fMRI data, correlates with experiences like ego dissolution. Later, increased default mode network integrity appears. A Psychotherapist guides this process, suggesting the substance-therapy synergy drives therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) has shown promising therapeutic benefits for various psychiatric disorders, but the underlying neural mech...
At the Forefront: Social Workers’ Role in Psilocybin Treatment for Depression and Substance Misuse
Social Work – May 02, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, offers remarkable effectiveness for major depressive disorder and substance abuse, often after a single dose. This promising approach in medicine, particularly within psychiatry and psychology, is gaining traction. Clinical trials highlight psilocybin's long-lasting posttreatment effects, demonstrating its potential as a novel treatment. Social workers are crucial in integrating this psychedelic medicine into therapeutic practice, working alongside psychotherapists. This area of drug studies is rapidly evolving, recognized by the FDA as a "breakthrough therapy."
Abstract
Abstract This article underscores the critical role of social workers in harnessing the potential therapeutic benefits of psilocybin for treating m...
Efficacy of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Substance and Alcohol Use Disorders
OpenAlex – May 02, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psilocybin, a naturally occurring alkaloid, shows significant promise in psychiatry for treating Alcohol use disorder and other substance use issues. Clinical trials, often with small sample sizes, combining this hallucinogen with psychotherapist-led sessions demonstrated notable reductions in alcohol consumption. Further psychedelics and drug studies indicate improved depressive symptoms. Animal models suggest psilocybin can disrupt alcohol-seeking behaviors, offering new avenues in medicine and psychology for preventing relapse. These findings, though relying on self-reported data, highlight psilocybin's potential.
Abstract
Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are major public health crises, affecting millions of Americans. Current ...
Exploring Cultural Competence, Inclusivity, and Diversity in Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy: A Phenomenological Study.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – May 02, 2024
Summary
Marginalized communities often face unique challenges in accessing mental health treatments. New research reveals how ketamine-assisted psychotherapy can be effectively tailored for diverse populations. Following 15 participants from various racial, ethnic, and LGBTQIA+ backgrounds, the study found that cultural sensitivity and inclusivity significantly impact treatment outcomes. Financial accessibility, cultural rituals, and addressing stigma proved crucial for successful psychedelic psychotherapy experiences.
Abstract
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC), and other minoritized populations are insufficiently represented in research on therapeutic psyched...
Effects of ketamine on the severity of depression and anxiety following postoperative mechanical ventilation: a single-blind randomized clinical trial in Iran.
Acute and critical care – May 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promising results in protecting brain surgery patients from post-ICU mental health challenges. In this breakthrough finding, patients receiving ketamine during mechanical ventilation experienced significantly lower anxiety and depression levels compared to those given standard midazolam treatment. The six-month follow-up revealed lasting benefits, with ketamine patients showing better mental health outcomes after intensive care unit stays.
Abstract
In this study, we compare the effects of ketamine and the combination of midazolam and morphine on the severity of depression and anxiety in mechan...
Catharanthine Modulates Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission and Nicotine Psychomotor Effects via Inhibition of α6-Nicotinic Receptors and Dopamine Transporters.
ACS chemical neuroscience – May 01, 2024
Summary
A compelling finding reveals that a natural compound, catharanthine, can significantly reduce the drive for nicotine. Using voltammetry in the nucleus accumbens core, researchers explored how catharanthine and 18-methoxycoronaridine affect dopamine. They found these compounds modulate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, influencing dopamine pathways and reducing nicotine-seeking behaviors. Specifically, catharanthine effectively reduced nicotine self-administration, suggesting a potential path to combat nicotine addiction.
Abstract
Iboga alkaloids, also known as coronaridine congeners, have shown promise in the treatment of alcohol and opioid use disorders. The objective of th...
Navigating Treatment Challenges: A Case Study on Refractory Psychosis in a Chronic MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) User.
Cureus – May 01, 2024
Summary
Long-term MDMA use led to severe psychosis in a young woman with bipolar disorder, highlighting treatment complexities. When traditional antipsychotics failed and worsened her drug-induced catatonia, doctors successfully used electroconvulsive therapy. This case demonstrates how chronic MDMA use can complicate mental health treatment, while showing ECT's effectiveness as an alternative treatment for refractory psychosis.
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as Ecstasy, is a synthetic amphetamine with hallucinogenic and stimulant properties, which ha...
Efficacy and safety of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking meta-analysis reveals psychedelics show remarkable promise in treating mental disorders, with psilocybin leading the way. Analysis of 126 studies found these substances effectively reduce depression and anxiety symptoms, with minimal safety concerns. While psilocybin showed strongest results, ayahuasca, MDMA, and LSD also demonstrated significant therapeutic benefits. Most patients reported only mild side effects like headaches.
Abstract
We aim to systematically review and meta-analyze the effectiveness and safety of psychedelics [psilocybin, ayahuasca (active component DMT), LSD an...
Recurrent Serotonin Syndrome After Ketamine-assisted Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Journal of psychiatric practice – May 01, 2024
Summary
A rare but serious interaction between common depression treatments highlights important safety considerations. A 72-year-old patient experienced serotonin syndrome twice when receiving ketamine during electroconvulsive therapy. Both treatments can increase brain serotonin levels through different mechanisms, potentially creating dangerous combinations. Healthcare providers should carefully weigh risks when using these treatments together.
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) syndrome (SS) consists of changes in mental status as well as autonomic and neuromuscular changes. Though not well understood, ser...
Characterization of the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of the Phenethylamine 2-Cl-4,5-MDMA in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – May 01, 2024
Summary
A newly emerging synthetic drug shows dramatically different effects in teenage versus adult brains. Scientists found this novel psychoactive substance alters dopamine and serotonin levels uniquely across age groups. Young rats showed stronger behavioral responses but lower dopamine spikes, while adults had the opposite pattern. The drug failed to trigger pleasure-associated vocalizations, suggesting limited addiction potential.
Abstract
The proliferation of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the drug market raises concerns about uncertainty on their pharmacological profile and ...
Dextromethorphan moderates reward deficiency associated with central serotonin transporter availability in 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine-treated animals.
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA – May 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA's effects on the brain's reward system can be moderated by an unexpected ally: a common cough medicine. Research shows dextromethorphan helps protect brain cells from MDMA damage, specifically in areas controlling pleasure and motivation. Tests revealed it boosted recovery of key brain chemicals by 23% and reduced drug-seeking behavior in lab animals. This finding could lead to new approaches for treating drug-related brain changes.
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) to the serotonergic system is well-documented. Dextromethorphan (DM), an antitussive...
Ketamine-based Sedation Use in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Cohort Study.
Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society – May 01, 2024
Summary
During the COVID-19 pandemic, ketamine emerged as a promising sedation option in ICUs. Research spanning five hospitals found that critically ill patients receiving ketamine-based sedation had shorter hospital stays and improved oxygen levels. The treatment led to faster normalization of lactic acid levels and better breathing metrics, though mortality rates remained unchanged.
Abstract
Ketamine possesses analgesia, anti-inflammation, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotection properties. However, the evidence that supports its use in mec...
Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022.
Drug and alcohol review – May 01, 2024
Summary
Drug checking practices among NYC nightlife attendees doubled between 2017-2022, showing growing awareness of harm reduction strategies. Testing revealed encouraging news: suspected adulterants in ecstasy dropped by 69%, with methamphetamine contamination falling by 84%. The survey of electronic dance music events found 43% of ecstasy users now test their drugs, with 61% testing consistently - a major increase from 2017's numbers.
Abstract
Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) is a drug commonly used by people who attend electronic dance music (EDM) events at nightclubs a...
Change in neurocognitive functioning in patients with treatment-resistant depression with serial intravenous ketamine infusions: The Bio-K multicenter trial.
Psychiatry research – May 01, 2024
Summary
Serial ketamine infusions not only improved severe depression in over half of patients but also enhanced cognitive function across multiple domains. In this groundbreaking open-label study, 74 people with treatment-resistant depression received intravenous ketamine treatments while their neurocognition was monitored using RBANS testing. Results showed improvements in memory, attention, and language skills, contradicting concerns about ketamine's cognitive effects.
Abstract
This nonrandomized, multicenter, open-label clinical trial explored the impact of intravenous (IV) ketamine on cognitive function in adults (n = 74...
Psilocybin Exposures Reported to U.S. Poison Centers: National Trends Over a Decade.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine – May 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin exposures among young Americans have risen dramatically, with cases more than tripling in adolescents by 2022. Analysis of National Poison Data System (NPDS) surveillance reveals over 4,000 cases from 2013-2022, with most patients requiring medical care. While exposure rates remained stable until 2018, they surged significantly afterward, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Two-thirds of cases involved psilocybin alone, suggesting targeted rather than poly-substance use patterns.
Abstract
We describe trends in psilocybin exposures among adolescents and young adults as reported to US poison centers over the past decade. We queried the...
Derivatization-free determination of chiral plasma pharmacokinetics of MDMA and its enantiomers.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences – May 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA's therapeutic potential varies between its mirror-image forms. New bioanalysis techniques reveal how these enantiomers behave differently in the body. Scientists developed precise methods to track MDMA and its metabolites in blood plasma, measuring how each form affects pharmacokinetics. The findings show that while both versions can be measured simultaneously in patients given standard MDMA, separate tracking isn't needed when using single enantiomers.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an entactogen with therapeutic potential. The two enantiomers of MDMA differ regarding their pharmacoki...
Efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction, UPLC-MS/MS detection, and consumption assessment of five trace psychoactive substances.
Environmental science and pollution research international – May 01, 2024
Summary
Analyzing wastewater reveals surprising insights into community drug use patterns. Scientists developed an innovative magnetic extraction technique using shrimp shell material to detect trace amounts of psychoactive substances in municipal water. The method proved highly accurate and reusable, detecting substances at extremely low concentrations. Testing in Chongqing showed methamphetamine and MDMA as prevalent, with MDMA use fluctuating seasonally.
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become an objective and updated surveillance strategy for monitoring and estimating consumption trends of p...
[MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD].
Laeknabladid – May 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA, known for its unique empathogen properties, shows remarkable promise in treating severe PTSD. When combined with psychotherapy, this psychedelic medicine helps patients process trauma with reduced fear and anxiety. Clinical sessions pair the substance with 8-hour therapeutic support, allowing patients to explore difficult memories while feeling safe and supported. Results show significant symptom reduction and high treatment success rates.
Abstract
MDMA is a potential novel treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our goal is to review current knowledge on MDMA and its use in MDMA-...
Microdosing Psychedelics: Current Evidence From Controlled Studies.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
Regular, tiny doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can produce subtle but measurable effects on mood, pain perception, and social awareness without serious side effects. Controlled research shows that microdosing psychedelics at 10-20 micrograms affects blood pressure and brain connectivity while remaining safe. Lower doses of 5 micrograms showed no noticeable effects.
Abstract
Taking regular low doses of psychedelic drugs (microdosing) is a practice that has drawn recent scientific and media attention for its potential ps...
Structural characterization and comparative analysis of polymorphic forms of psilocin (4-hy-droxy-N,N-di-methyl-tryptamine).
Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications – May 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have uncovered new details about psilocin, the active compound that gives magic mushrooms their psychedelic effects. Two distinct crystal forms of this molecule exist, each with unique structural arrangements. Using variable-temperature diffraction techniques, researchers revealed how these forms differ in their molecular bonds and shapes. Form II features an interesting self-folding structure, while Form I creates layered patterns. These findings advance our understanding of how polymorphism affects psychedelic compounds.
Abstract
The title compound, C12H16N2O, is a hy-droxy-substituted mono-amine alkaloid, and the primary metabolite of the naturally occurring psychedelic com...
Efficacy and safety of esketamine for perioperative depression in patients undergoing elective surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Asian journal of psychiatry – May 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in surgical care shows that esketamine can cut depression rates by half in patients before and after surgery. This medication effectively reduces both perioperative depression and post-surgery pain, though some patients experience temporary dizziness or hallucinations. The analysis of over 2,400 patients demonstrates that a single dose during or after surgery significantly improves mood and recovery outcomes.
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent mood disorder during the perioperative period, with both preoperative concurrent depression and new-onset postoperative d...
State-related Electroencephalography Microstate Complexity during Propofol- and Esketamine-induced Unconsciousness.
Anesthesiology – May 01, 2024
Summary
Spatiotemporal complexity in EEG signals serves as a promising indicator of consciousness during anesthesia. In a study involving 20 patients (10 each for propofol and esketamine), type I EEG microstate complexity significantly increased from an awake state (1.562) to unconsciousness (1.672 for propofol) and then decreased upon recovery (1.537). Conversely, type II complexity dropped significantly during unconsciousness (from 2.291 to 0.782 for propofol) and rose again in recovery (to 2.446). These findings highlight EEG microstate complexities as potential tools for understanding anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
Abstract
Identifying the state-related "neural correlates of consciousness" for anesthetics-induced unconsciousness is challenging. Spatiotemporal complexit...
Expectancy Effects in Psychedelic Trials.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – May 01, 2024
Summary
Positive expectations may significantly influence outcomes in psychedelic therapy, even with microdosing. When participants believe they'll benefit, they often do - highlighting the complex relationship between mind and medicine. Researchers found that proper trial design and blinding procedures are crucial, as the placebo effect can be particularly strong with psychedelics. This understanding helps optimize therapeutic benefits while improving future treatment protocols.
Abstract
Clinical trials of psychedelic compounds like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and N,N-dimethyltrptamine (DMT) have forced a reconside...