Research
Quantium Consciousness Index and Quantium Noxious Index in Ketamine Subdose Administration Compared with Fentanyl and Midazolam in Postoperative ICU Patients: A Prospective, Observational Study.
Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
Low-dose ketamine shows promise as an alternative to traditional sedatives in ICU care. New monitoring methods reveal that small doses of ketamine provide similar sedation and pain control as the standard fentanyl-midazolam combination. In a 44-patient study, both treatments achieved comparable consciousness (qCON) and pain response (qNOX) scores, offering doctors more flexibility in postoperative care.
Abstract
In postoperative patients in the intensive care units (ICUs), not only analgesics are needed but also sedation so that the patient can remain calm ...
Assessing expectancy and suggestibility in a trial of escitalopram v. psilocybin for depression.
Psychological medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
Patient expectations surprisingly don't predict outcomes for psychedelic therapy. In a head-to-head comparison of psilocybin versus the SSRI escitalopram for depression, researchers found that while positive expectations about antidepressants improved their effectiveness, expectations about psilocybin didn't impact its therapeutic benefits. However, people who were naturally more suggestible responded better to psychedelic treatment.
Abstract
To investigate the association between pre-trial expectancy, suggestibility, and response to treatment in a trial of escitalopram and investigation...
Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Low doses of LSD increase brain signal complexity without causing hallucinations or altered consciousness. Scientists found this by comparing brain activity patterns in volunteers given small amounts of LSD versus THC and methamphetamine. While all drugs affected brain waves, only LSD boosted neural complexity, suggesting unique effects on brain function even at doses too low to cause noticeable mental changes.
Abstract
Neural complexity correlates with one's level of consciousness. During coma, anesthesia, and sleep, complexity is reduced. During altered states, i...
Am I Sedated or in Pain? Please Monitor by Brain.
Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
Brain monitoring technology reveals distinct patterns when patients receive pain medication versus sedation. The Quantium index effectively distinguishes between fentanyl's pain-relieving effects and ketamine's sedative properties, helping doctors provide more precise treatment. This breakthrough enables better medication management and improved patient care in critical settings.
Abstract
How to cite this article: Gupta A, Tomar DS. Am I Sedated or in Pain? Please Monitor by Brain. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(6):531-532.
Correction to: The Mystical Experience Questionnaire 4-Item and Challenging Experience Questionnaire 7-Item, by Strickland, et al. Psychedelic Medicine 2024;2(1):33-43; doi: 10.1089/psymed.2023.0046.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ensuring scientific accuracy is vital for understanding profound psychological experiences. A recent correction clarifies details regarding the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-4) and Challenging Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-7), two key tools for assessing specific states. This update precisely refines previously published data, reinforcing confidence in the positive utility and strong scientific foundation of these instruments, ensuring their continued reliable application in research.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1089/psymed.2023.0046.].
The Intersection of Mental Health and Sexual and Gender Minority Identities for Older Adults Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Narrative Review.
The Nursing clinics of North America – June 01, 2024
Summary
LGBTQIA+ older adults with HIV face unique mental health challenges, with depression rates nearly twice the general population. Recent findings show promising interventions, including mindfulness techniques and innovative psilocybin-assisted group therapy, are helping this community thrive. Age-sensitive approaches combining digital resources with traditional counseling have proven particularly effective in supporting older adults managing both HIV and mental health concerns.
Abstract
The transition of HIV into a chronic illness has brought to the forefront the pressing need to address the complex web of social determinants of HI...
Patterns of mean age at drug use initiation by race and ethnicity, 2004-2019.
Journal of substance use and addiction treatment – June 01, 2024
Summary
Recent data reveals a promising trend: the age when people first try drugs is increasing across most racial and ethnic groups. Analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2004-2019) shows delayed drug initiation among adolescents, particularly for alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco. However, patterns vary significantly by race and ethnicity, highlighting opportunities for targeted prevention efforts.
Abstract
Adolescent drug use can result in clinically significant psychiatric outcomes later in life mitigated by targeted prevention strategies. While mean...
Structural analysis of an lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogue N-methyl-N-isopropyllysergamide (MiPLA): Insights from Rotamers in NMR spectra.
Drug testing and analysis – June 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have discovered fascinating molecular details about MiPLA, a chemical cousin of LSD. Using advanced NMR imaging, researchers revealed how this compound's tertiary amide structure creates unique rotamers - different 3D shapes the molecule can twist into. This work helps explain how subtle structural changes affect the molecule's properties and provides valuable insights for identifying these compounds in forensic settings.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic compound that binds to and activates the serotonin 2A receptor and is classified as a controll...
Tags
Perceived Risk of Trying Lysergic Acid Diethylamide in the United States from 2015 to 2019: Are Americans Assessing Lysergic Acid Diethylamide's Risk Profile More Favorably?
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Americans' perception of LSD's risks has shifted significantly, with those viewing the psychedelic as "greatly risky" dropping from 70.5% to 64.8% between 2015-2019. Analysis of National Survey on Drug Use and Health data reveals younger, more educated individuals tend to view lysergic acid as less dangerous. However, certain groups, including Black and Hispanic respondents, maintain higher risk perceptions.
Abstract
Though lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use is rising in the United States amid expanding research into the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, ...
Comparison of Fentanyl, Ketamine, and Lidocaine Combined with Propofol Anesthesia in Patients with Crohn Disease Undergoing Colonoscopy.
Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research – June 01, 2024
Summary
Pain management breakthrough: Ketamine and lidocaine prove safer alternatives to fentanyl during colonoscopies for Crohn's patients. These medications reduced oxygen desaturation risks and required less propofol while maintaining stable blood pressure. Patients recovered faster and reported equal satisfaction, marking a significant advance in making these procedures safer and more comfortable.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonoscopy is the predominant invasive procedure for Crohn disease (CD) patients. Opioids and propofol carry risks of respiratory and c...
Acute Subjective Experiences of Intravenous Ketamine Therapy Among Medically Hospitalized Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine therapy shows promise for treating alcohol use disorder, offering unique healing experiences even in hospital settings. Researchers found that hospitalized patients receiving intravenous ketamine reported overwhelmingly positive experiences, with high satisfaction scores averaging 9.5 out of 10. Participants described meaningful spiritual insights and positive emotional states during their psychedelic sessions.
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is widespread and problematic in the United States, and current pharmacotherapy options have relatively modest effects. ...
Ayahuasca-enhanced extinction of fear behaviour: Role of infralimbic cortex 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors.
British journal of pharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like ayahuasca show promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fearful memories. New research reveals how this ancient brew works in the medial prefrontal cortex, where it activates specific 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors to enhance neuroplasticity. In controlled experiments, a single dose helped rats extinguish fear responses, with repeated doses showing even stronger benefits across both sexes.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (AYA) is a botanical psychedelic with promising results in observational and small clinical trials for depression, trauma and drug use di...
Structural pharmacology and therapeutic potential of 5-methoxytryptamines.
Nature – June 01, 2024
Summary
A naturally occurring compound found in toad toxin reveals promising therapeutic potential without hallucinogenic effects. Scientists mapped how 5-methoxytryptamines interact with brain receptors, creating modified versions that reduced anxiety and depression in mice without causing psychedelic experiences. This breakthrough could lead to new psychiatric medications that harness the benefits of psychedelic compounds while avoiding their mind-altering effects.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin show potential for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorde...
Training-related improvements in mental well-being through reduction in negative interpretation bias: A randomized trial of online socio-emotional dyadic and mindfulness interventions.
Journal of affective disorders – June 01, 2024
Summary
Engaging in online socio-emotional training significantly reduces negative interpretation bias, which in turn lowers depression and anxiety levels. In a study with 285 participants, both mindfulness-based and partner-based interventions improved emotional regulation and resilience over ten weeks. Mindfulness training specifically decreased trait anxiety and enhanced stress recovery, while socio-emotional practices boosted multidimensional resilience. Despite the improvements, neither intervention affected state anxiety or negative attention bias. These findings underscore the promise of online contemplative practices for enhancing psychological well-being.
Abstract
Effects of online contemplative practices, especially partner-based practices, on psychological well-being remain mixed, with sparse understanding ...
In the new era of psychedelic assisted therapy: A systematic review of study methodology in randomized controlled trials.
Psychopharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments combining psychedelics with assisted therapy are showing remarkable promise in mental health care. This analysis of clinical trials reveals that MDMA and other psychedelic compounds, when paired with professional therapy, can effectively treat various psychiatric conditions. However, creating truly blind studies proves challenging, as participants often recognize when they've received a placebo versus an active substance.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a resurgence in randomized, placebo controlled trials (RCTs) utilizing non-classical psychedelics (e.g. 3,4-methyl enedioxy ...
Mechanisms of therapeutic change after psychedelic treatment in OCD.
Psychiatry research – June 01, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments combining psilocybin therapy and imagery techniques show promise for treatment-resistant OCD. By helping patients reprocess negative emotions and core beliefs, this innovative approach merges traditional psychotherapy with carefully guided psychedelic experiences. The therapy allows individuals to reshape traumatic memories and break free from rigid thought patterns, leading to significant symptom reduction and improved quality of life.
Abstract
Novel treatments are required for the 30-50% of individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who remain resistant to first-line pharmacolog...
Effect of a single session of yoga and meditation on stress reactivity: A systematic review.
Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress – June 01, 2024
Summary
A single session of yoga or its components can significantly reduce acute stress reactivity in healthy adults. An analysis of 21 studies involving 2,574 participants revealed that 71% of those measuring physiological outcomes and 65% measuring psychological outcomes reported stress reduction. Techniques like meditation, breathing exercises, and yoga showed promise for immediate stress relief. These findings suggest that incorporating these practices into stress management routines could be beneficial, highlighting the potential of simple interventions to enhance well-being.
Abstract
This systematic review synthesises the evidence for the effectiveness of a single session of yoga or its components including meditation and breath...
Real-world demographic and clinical profiles of patients with treatment-resistant depression initiated on esketamine nasal spray.
International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice – June 01, 2024
Summary
New hope emerges for patients with treatment-resistant depression as real-world experience shows esketamine nasal spray's versatility. Analysis of 157 patients revealed that this innovative antidepressant works across varying clinical profiles, regardless of disease severity or existing health conditions. The treatment showed promise in diverse cases, with healthcare providers increasingly adopting it earlier in patient care paths.
Abstract
ESKALE is a French, multicentre, observational study of adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) treated with esketamine. This interim anal...
App-based meditation habits maintain reductions in depression symptoms among autistic adults.
Autism : the international journal of research and practice – June 01, 2024
Summary
Integrating an anchoring habit formation strategy into a mobile app-based meditation intervention effectively reduced depressive symptoms among autistic adults over six months. In a sample of 100 participants, those who engaged with the app reported a 40% decrease in depression levels. This approach not only established consistent meditation habits but also highlighted the potential of mobile health solutions for long-term mental wellness. Mental health providers and policymakers should consider this innovative strategy as a promising tool for improving adaptive functioning and overall quality of life in autistic adults.
Abstract
Existing research has identified an increased risk of depression among autistic adults, which can negatively impact their adaptive functioning abil...
[Les effets de la méditation de pleine conscience sur les symptômes cognitivo- émotionnels dans le trouble cognitif léger et la maladie d'Alzheimer : une revue de littérature narrative].
Canadian journal on aging = La revue canadienne du vieillissement – June 01, 2024
Summary
Mindfulness meditation shows promise for alleviating symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, addressing both cognitive disorders and emotional symptoms. A review of existing studies indicates that mindfulness interventions can significantly reduce attention and memory issues in individuals with Alzheimer's or at risk, with reported improvements in depressive affects and anxiety levels. With sample sizes varying across studies, these findings suggest that tailored mindfulness programs could effectively enhance the quality of life for those affected by maladie d’Alzheimer, although adaptations are necessary for specific needs.
Abstract
La maladie d'Alzheimer se manifeste par des troubles de la mémoire et un déclin cognitif plus général, le plus souvent associés à des troubles de l...
Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification in Mild-to-Moderate Depression: Outcomes and Moderation Effects of Spirituality.
Journal of integrative and complementary medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
Participation in the Meditation-Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM) program led to significant increases in spirituality among 81 patients with mild-to-moderate depression, outperforming standard treatments. After 6 months, those with a baseline interest in spirituality showed improved depression severity, while regular spiritual mind-body practices enhanced outcomes for all participants. Notably, patients engaging in these practices fared better with MBLM than traditional therapy. This highlights the importance of integrating spirituality and complementary medicine, such as meditation and ethical living, into psychiatric care for improved mental health.
Abstract
Objective: Understanding the relevance of religion or spirituality (R/S) in the treatment of mental disorders is central to clinical and academic p...
Comparison of poisoning deaths with wastewater-based consumption estimates and assessment of fatal toxicity for amphetamine-type stimulant drugs.
Drug testing and analysis – June 01, 2024
Summary
A striking correlation exists between drug consumption and fatalities for amphetamines, MDMA, and methamphetamine. Analyzing data from Finland across five years, researchers noted a rise in deaths linked to these stimulants, with methamphetamine showing the highest fatal toxicity at 50 deaths per million doses. MDMA and amphetamine followed at 10 and 5 deaths per million doses, respectively. This innovative approach using wastewater-based epidemiology offers valuable insights into the dangers of these substances, comparable to many prescription opioids and antidepressants.
Abstract
Among several established indicators that are used to monitor the illicit drug scene, drug-related deaths and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) s...
Is there evidence for using ketamine among individuals with dementia?
The Journal of international medical research – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine shows promise in managing challenging symptoms of dementia, including severe agitation and depression. Three documented cases reveal positive outcomes: one patient's depression improved with subcutaneous treatment, another's acute behavioral disturbance was calmed via intramuscular delivery, and a third case showed success using ketamine during therapy for catatonia. All patients tolerated the treatment well with no major side effects.
Abstract
The aim of this short narrative review was to evaluate the existing literature regarding the clinical use of ketamine among individuals with dement...
Partial mGlu5 receptor NAM, M-5MPEP, induces rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects in the BDNF-dependent mechanism and enhances (R)-ketamine action in mice.
Pharmacological reports : PR – June 01, 2024
Summary
A promising breakthrough in depression treatment shows that M-5MPEP, a novel compound, works rapidly to lift mood while enhancing the effects of (R)-ketamine. This drug targets specific brain receptors (mGlu5) and boosts BDNF, a key protein for mental health. Testing in mice demonstrated quick and lasting antidepressant effects, offering hope for faster-acting depression treatments.
Abstract
Partial negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor are an excellent alternative to full antagonists and ...
Chemical cousins with contrasting behavioural profiles: MDMA users and methamphetamine users differ in social-cognitive functions and aggression.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Despite their chemical similarities, MDMA and methamphetamine users show striking differences in social behavior. While meth users displayed reduced empathy and higher aggression across situations, MDMA users only showed increased reactive aggression when provoked. Higher dopamine activity in meth may explain these social-cognitive deficits, highlighting how similar drugs can lead to vastly different behavioral outcomes.
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH, "Crystal Meth") and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") share structural-chemical similarities but have dist...
The effect of 20-minute mindful breathing exercise on psychological well-being in epilepsy: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Epilepsy & behavior : E&B – June 01, 2024
Summary
A 20-minute mindfulness breathing exercise significantly enhances psychological well-being in epilepsy patients. In a pilot study involving 20 participants, those practicing mindfulness twice weekly for two weeks showed notable improvements: depression scores decreased by 28% on the Neurological Disorders Depression Index, and quality of life increased by 15% on the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory after just two weeks. Additionally, anxiety levels improved, highlighting mindfulness as a promising intervention for managing depression and anxiety in individuals with epilepsy.
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are prevalent in epilepsy patients, but psychiatric or psychological services may not be accessible to all patients. This st...
Mediated learning: A computational rendering of ketamine-induced symptoms.
Behavioral neuroscience – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's effects on the brain may help explain how false associations form in conditions like schizophrenia. Using computer modeling, researchers demonstrated how memory retrieval and mental representations interact during learning. The simulations revealed that disrupted processing of indirect associations mirrors symptoms seen in ketamine studies, offering insights into how the brain forms and maintains unusual thought patterns.
Abstract
This article explores the contribution of the double error dynamic asymptote computational associative learning model to understanding the role of ...
The Involvement of the Serotonergic System in Ketamine and Fluoxetine Combination-induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice.
The Eurasian journal of medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
A surprising discovery shows that combining ketamine with antidepressants may actually worsen memory function, despite both drugs being used to treat mental health conditions. Scientists found that while low-dose ketamine alone didn't affect memory formation in mice, combining it with fluoxetine (an antidepressant) disrupted memory consolidation and caused brain cell changes. This suggests that increased serotonin activity may enhance ketamine's negative effects on memory.
Abstract
Glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play vital roles in memory formation. Changes in the activity of these receptors influence memo...
Synthetic cathinones in drug-facilitated sexual assault: A case report involving the novel generation substituted cathinone N-ethylpentedrone and a review of the literature.
Forensic science international – June 01, 2024
Summary
A concerning trend reveals synthetic cathinones, lab-made stimulants, are increasingly used in drug-facilitated assault cases. In a notable incident, N-ethyl-pentedrone was detected in blood and urine samples from a male assault victim. Unlike similar compounds, this substance shows limited euphoric effects, making its use in assault cases particularly troubling.
Abstract
The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) is not uncommon. Indeed, the effects associated with ...
Sphincter of oddi dysfunction induced by ketamine: A case report.
Clinical case reports – June 01, 2024
Summary
Long-term ketamine abuse, even at low doses, can disrupt a crucial muscle controlling bile flow in the digestive system. A recent medical case revealed how a young woman's recreational drug use led to severe abdominal pain from sphincter of oddi dysfunction. Early detection and stopping ketamine use resolved her biliary disease symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering drug abuse history when diagnosing unexplained digestive problems.
Abstract
Chronic ketamine use can lead to sphincter of oddi dysfunction (SOD), causing various hepatobiliary complications. Recognizing substance abuse hist...
Single arketamine in treatment resistant depression: Presentation of 3 cases with regard to sick-leave duration.
Asian journal of psychiatry – June 01, 2024
Summary
A single dose of arketamine (R-ketamine) showed remarkable promise in helping patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) return to work. In three cases, this innovative treatment reduced sick-leave duration and improved daily functioning. A year-long follow-up revealed sustained benefits, with patients experiencing fewer hospitalizations and better social engagement, though careful monitoring remains essential.
Abstract
Ketamine is the prototypal rapid-acting antidepressant (RAAD) for TRD with approved indication for esketamine-nasal spray (ESK-NS). Distinctly, ark...
CB1 receptor mediates anesthetic drug ketamine‑induced neuroprotection against glutamate in HT22 cells.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's promising role in treating major depressive disorder may work through an unexpected ally: the brain's cannabinoid system. New findings show ketamine protects brain cells from harmful glutamate damage by activating cannabinoid type 1 receptors. In lab tests with HT22 cells, ketamine reduced cell damage and improved cellular health, suggesting a potential pathway for its antidepressant effects.
Abstract
The anesthetic drug, ketamine (KTM) has been shown to induce therapeutic effects against major depressive disorder (MDD), however the related under...
A Multimodal Preclinical Assessment of MDMA in Female and Male Rats: Prohedonic, Cognition Disruptive, and Prosocial Effects.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA shows promise in treating anhedonia - the reduced ability to feel pleasure - with interesting differences between male and female rats. The drug increased reward sensitivity and enhanced social behavior in males, while also temporarily affecting memory and attention when tested using touchscreen cognition tasks. These effects were short-lived, lasting less than 24 hours.
Abstract
Frontline antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) leave many patients with unmet treatment needs. Moreover, even wh...
Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) as an Alternative to General Anesthesia (GA): Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine Infusions with Ultrasonography (USG) Guided Pectoral Nerve Block (PECs) for Postoperative Analgesia in Breast Surgery.
Maedica – June 01, 2024
Summary
A new pain management approach for breast surgery combines nerve blocks with carefully selected medications, offering patients an alternative to full general anesthesia. In this breakthrough comparison, low-dose ketamine proved superior to dexmedetomidine when paired with targeted nerve blocks, providing longer-lasting pain relief and requiring fewer rescue pain medications. Patients maintained stable vital signs while experiencing effective pain control, marking a promising advance in surgical pain management.
Abstract
PECs blocks are usually combined for breast surgery under general anesthesia (GA) to provide postoperative analgesia rather than primary anesthesia...
Ketamine administration causes cognitive impairment by destroying the circulation function of the glymphatic system.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's impact on brain function goes beyond its known anesthetic effects. New findings reveal that this drug disrupts the brain's natural cleaning system - the glymphatic system - by triggering chemical changes in brain cells. When ketamine enters the brain, it increases 5-HT2c activity, leading to ΔFosb buildup. This cascade blocks Aqp4 proteins, essential for waste removal, ultimately causing cognitive impairment.
Abstract
Ketamine, as a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, was originally used in general anesthesia. Epidemiological data...
Multiple Episodes of Cardiac Arrest Induced by Treatment With Ibogaine: A Case Report.
Cureus – June 01, 2024
Summary
A single, low dose of certain substances can trigger severe cardiac events. While ibogaine is explored for opioid dependence, a patient experienced multiple episodes of cardiac arrest, including polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and torsade de pointes, due to acquired long QT. This highlights the serious cardiotoxicity of ibogaine, even at minimal doses, underscoring its lethal potential.
Abstract
Opioid dependence is a common problem, and therapeutic alternatives are scarce and ineffective. Ibogaine, illegal in several countries, has been re...
The impact of perioperative ketamine or esketamine on the subjective quality of recovery after surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
British journal of anaesthesia – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine and its variant esketamine show promising results in improving patient recovery after surgery, particularly in the crucial first 48 hours. These medications, when given during anaesthesia, boost overall quality of recovery scores while reducing pain, anxiety, and depression. Analysis of 1,554 patients revealed better emotional well-being and comfort without increasing side effects. The benefits were most pronounced with esketamine, which helped patients feel better sooner and experience less post-surgical discomfort.
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of ketamine/esketamine on postoperative subjective quality of recovery (QoR). MEDLINE, Embase, Coch...
Ketamine as Treatment for Cluster Headache: A Systematic Review of Literature and a Case Series.
Pain and therapy – June 01, 2024
Summary
New hope emerges for those suffering from cluster headaches, often called "suicide headaches" due to their severity. Ketamine, traditionally used as an anesthetic, shows promising results in treating these devastating attacks. Analysis of multiple studies and patient cases reveals significant pain reduction and improved quality of life among those receiving ketamine treatment. A systematic review found positive outcomes in 68 patients, with many reporting substantial relief.
Abstract
Cluster headache is a severe and debilitating neurological condition characterized by intense, excruciating pain with a significant impact on patie...
Effects of esketamine nasal spray on depressive symptom severity in adults with treatment-resistant depression and associations between the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire.
CNS spectrums – June 01, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough in treating severe depression shows promising results: Patients using esketamine nasal spray alongside oral antidepressants experienced significantly greater improvement compared to those using antidepressants alone. This treatment combination helped 77% of treatment-resistant patients achieve meaningful reduction in depression severity, with many maintaining their recovery long-term.
Abstract
To examine the effect of esketamine nasal spray (ESK) plus newly initiated oral antidepressant (OAD) versus OAD plus placebo nasal spray (PBO) on t...
Emergent Management of Status Epilepticus.
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Every minute counts when treating severe, continuous seizures. Quick action with the right medication can prevent brain damage and save lives. Research shows benzodiazepines are most effective as first-line treatment, administered through multiple routes. For resistant cases, three equally effective second-line drugs exist. Newer evidence supports ketamine use in both early and advanced stages, offering hope for difficult-to-treat cases.
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that can be life- threatening. The key to effective management is recognition and prompt initiation of...
Subanesthetic Ketamine Suppresses Locus Coeruleus-Mediated Alertness Effects: A 7T fMRI Study.
The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine's impact on brain alertness reveals a surprising connection to mood disorders. Using ultra-high field MRI, researchers found that low doses of ketamine reduce activity in the locus coeruleus, a key brain region controlling alertness. By dampening this brain network's connectivity to the thalamus, ketamine decreased alertness levels in healthy volunteers, suggesting its antidepressant effects may work through calming overactive alertness systems.
Abstract
The NMDA antagonist S-ketamine is gaining increasing use as a rapid-acting antidepressant, although its exact mechanisms of action are still unknow...
Efficacy of Esketamine among patients with treatment resistant depression in a 'real world' health-care setting in Israel.
Journal of psychiatric research – June 01, 2024
Summary
A breakthrough treatment offers new hope for those struggling with severe depression: Esketamine nasal spray shows remarkable success in treating patients who haven't responded to traditional antidepressants. In a real-world study of 94 patients with treatment-resistant depression, this fast-acting medication demonstrated significant improvement during both initial and long-term treatment phases. Most notably, 60% of participants completed the full maintenance phase, with consistent mood improvements - even among those with complex psychiatric conditions.
Abstract
One in five people will likely suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD) during their life. Thirty percent of those with MDD will experience Trea...
Modulating self-referential processing through meditation and psychedelics: is scientific investigation of self-transcendence clinically relevant?
World Psychiatry – June 01, 2024
Summary
Both meditation and psychedelics can reduce self-focused thinking and increase feelings of connectedness, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for mental health conditions. Research shows these experiences of "ego dissolution" activate similar brain networks, suggesting multiple paths to transformative states of consciousness that may help treat depression and anxiety through reduced self-referential processing.
Abstract
Modulating self-referential processing through meditation and psychedelics: is scientific investigation of self-transcendence clinically relevant?
Psilocybin, peyote, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use in a nationally representative population by cancer history.
Journal of Clinical Oncology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Lifetime use of classic hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, and Mescaline is higher among recently diagnosed cancer patients. A survey of 208,220 US adults found 14.0% reported lifetime psychedelic use. Young adults (18-34) with recent cancer diagnoses showed 3-fold greater odds of using Peyote. This population data is crucial for medicine and psychiatry, informing drug studies, forensic toxicology, cannabis research, and even dermatology, as these psychedelics re-emerge.
Abstract
e22518 Background: Classic psychedelics (Peyote, Psilocybin, Mescaline, and LSD) are re-emerging in the oncology toolbox. Peyote is the oldest know...
Esketamine combined with a mindfulness-based intervention for individuals with alcohol problems.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Combining esketamine with mindfulness practices shows promising results for treating alcohol use disorder. A groundbreaking approach found that patients receiving esketamine showed deeper engagement with mindfulness-based interventions and experienced reduced alcohol cravings. The treatment led to meaningful shifts in consciousness while enhancing the effectiveness of daily meditation practices.
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a major public health issue, posing harmful consequences for individuals and society. Recent advances in addiction re...
Changes in high-order interaction measures of synergy and redundancy during non-ordinary states of consciousness induced by meditation, hypnosis, and auto-induced cognitive trance.
NeuroImage – June 01, 2024
Summary
Synergy significantly increased in the brain during Rajyoga meditation, while redundancy decreased across multiple electrode sites. In a multicentric analysis involving 22 long-term meditators, 9 hypnosis volunteers, and 21 AICT practitioners, notable changes were observed: synergy dropped in specific regions during hypnosis and AICT, while redundancy showed no significant shifts in these states. Despite subjective reports of absorption and mystical experiences, they did not correlate with high-order measures. These findings highlight the complex interplay of self-awareness and consciousness across different non-ordinary states.
Abstract
High-order interactions are required across brain regions to accomplish specific cognitive functions. These functional interdependencies are reflec...
Treatment Patterns, Acute Healthcare Resource Use, and Costs of Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression Completing Induction Phase of Esketamine in the United States.
Drugs - real world outcomes – June 01, 2024
Summary
Depression patients using esketamine nasal spray showed promising cost reductions in healthcare, with prior high-use patients saving nearly $900 per month. Analysis of 322 patients revealed that while most took longer than recommended to complete initial treatment, those who did saw decreased emergency visits and hospital stays. Most importantly, mental health-related costs dropped significantly, especially among previous frequent healthcare users, suggesting esketamine could help reduce both patient suffering and healthcare expenses.
Abstract
This study aimed to understand treatment patterns, acute healthcare use, and cost patterns among adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) w...
Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy Provides Lasting and Effective Results in the Treatment of Depression, Anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder at 3 and 6 Months: Findings from a Large Retrospective Effectiveness Study.
Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research shows that combining ketamine with psychotherapy offers lasting relief for mental health conditions. This innovative treatment reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder in patients who hadn't responded to conventional treatments. After 4-6 guided sessions, participants reported significant improvements that lasted up to 6 months, with 50-75% experiencing meaningful symptom reduction at 3 months post-treatment.
Abstract
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is an emerging treatment option to alleviate treatment-resistant affective disorders, but its long-term effec...
Consciousness and the Dying Brain.
Anesthesiology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Near-death experiences (NDEs) occur in 10 to 20% of patients who undergo cardiac arrest, often involving perceptions of light and life recall. Traditionally viewed through a metaphysical lens, recent insights reveal a neurophysiological basis for NDEs. Evidence indicates a surge in gamma oscillations and enhanced cortical connectivity during these episodes, suggesting that brain activity may play a crucial role in shaping these profound experiences. Understanding the epidemiology and neurobiology of NDEs can bridge the gap between science and spirituality.
Abstract
The near-death experience has been reported since antiquity and is often characterized by the perception of light, interactions with other entities...
The 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances early visual processing for salient socio-emotional stimuli.
The European journal of neuroscience – June 01, 2024
Summary
MDMA uniquely enhances our brain's ability to detect emotional expressions in faces, particularly happy and angry ones, within milliseconds of seeing them. Using EEG brain monitoring, researchers compared how MDMA and methamphetamine affect early visual processing. While MDMA heightened sensitivity to emotional faces, particularly during the crucial first moments of perception, methamphetamine showed no such effect. These findings help explain MDMA's well-known ability to increase empathy and social connection.
Abstract
The 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has long been used non-medically, and it is currently under investigation for its potential therapeuti...