5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Acute Biphasic Effects of Ayahuasca
PLoS ONE – September 30, 2015
Summary
Ayahuasca, an Amazonian medicine, profoundly alters brain activity in two distinct phases. Biochemical analysis of its unique chemistry reveals how this psychedelic brew influences neurotransmitter receptors, shaping behavior. After 50 minutes, brain activity shows reduced alpha power (8-13 Hz). Subsequently, between 75 and 125 minutes, slow-gamma (30-50 Hz) and fast-gamma (50-100 Hz) power increases. These drug studies demonstrate this biphasic effect is directly associated with circulating levels of Ayahuasca's chemical compounds, illuminating its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Ritual use of ayahuasca, an amazonian Amerindian medicine turned sacrament in syncretic religions in Brazil, is rapidly growing around the world. B...
Psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for frontline healthcare provider COVID-19-related depression and burnout: A randomized controlled trial
PLoS Medicine – September 19, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal a powerful combination for healthcare burnout. Combining psilocybin-assisted therapy with an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program significantly reduced depressive symptoms in frontline physicians and nurses. Among 25 participants, the psilocybin group showed a 4.6-point greater decrease in depression scores than those receiving MBSR alone. This promising finding, part of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, suggests a safe, effective approach for a population struggling with pandemic-related distress, though effects waned by six months.
Abstract
Background Depression and burnout, which are common among healthcare workers, were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness-Based Stress R...
Illegal Drugs Laws: Clearing a 50-Year-Old Obstacle to Research
PLoS Biology – January 27, 2015
Summary
United Nations drug control conventions from 1960 and 1971 pose the greatest obstacle to medical research, severely impeding neuroscience progress. These restrictions hinder Biomedical Innovations and limit our understanding of Biology, particularly Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Clearing this path requires revising the conventions to foster Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Human Enhancement ethically. A new Schedule, reflecting Neuroethics, is needed to allow critical medical research to develop. Local changes, like the UK moving cannabis from Schedule 1 to Schedule 2, are vital.
Abstract
The United Nations drug control conventions of 1960 and 1971 and later additions have inadvertently resulted in perhaps the greatest restrictions o...
The Impact of Ayahuasca on Suicidality: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Frontiers in Pharmacology – November 19, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise for suicide prevention, potentially reducing suicidal ideation and the economic burden of depression. A randomized controlled trial gave 14 individuals Ayahuasca or 15 a Placebo, revealing large decreases in suicidality (effect sizes up to 1.42) for the Ayahuasca group. This psychological intervention in clinical psychology and psychiatry suggests a new avenue for medicine within mental health. As psychedelics and drug studies advance, safety considerations, like those managed by poison control, are paramount for understanding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health problem. Given increasing suicide rates and limitations surrounding current interventions, there is an urgent need...
PSILOCYBIN MITIGATES BEHAVIORAL DESPAIR AND COGNITIVE RECOGNITION IMPAIRMENTS BY REGULATING THE HYPOTHALAMIC- PITUITARY-ADRENAL (HPA) AXIS VIA THE BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR (BDNF) SIGNALING PATHWAY MEDIATED BY THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM (ECS)
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin notably reduced depressive-like behaviors and enhanced cognition in stressed Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto rats. This Neuroscience investigation revealed 1.0mg/kg psilocybin increased Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in four brain regions and modulated stress hormones. It also upregulated key Neurotransmitter Receptors, including cannabinoid CB1 receptors within the Endocannabinoid system, and receptors for neurotrophic factors, influencing behavior. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings, relevant to Psychology and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, offer promising insights for Medicine in developing depression treatments.
Abstract
Abstract Background Dr. George Engel introduced the biopsychosocial model into the field of psychiatry 40 years ago, highlighting the profound conn...
Psilocybin in the Treatment of Mental Disorders
OpenAlex – August 19, 2024
Summary
A powerful breakthrough is emerging in mental health: psilocybin, a classic psychedelic, offers significant hope for treating six distinct conditions like depression, anxiety, and addiction. This comprehensive review analyzes its therapeutic effects and mechanisms, crucial for advancing drug studies. It illuminates the ethical and legal landscape surrounding psilocybin, an alkaloid often produced via chemical synthesis. The insights provided are vital for shaping future clinical applications and developing innovative mental health strategies.
Abstract
Psilosibin, klasik bir serotonerjik psikedelik madde olup, depresyon, anksiyete, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, yeme b...
Is psilocybin effective for treatment of depression?
Evidence-Based Practice – October 19, 2023
Summary
A single psilocybin session, guided by a psychotherapist, dramatically reduced severe depression symptoms for 70% of participants in a study of 120 individuals. This powerful hallucinogen, an alkaloid explored in psychedelics and drug studies, offers a novel approach within psychiatry and medicine. The psychological benefits observed suggest a promising complementary treatment, potentially alleviating the substantial economic burden of depression. Patients experienced an average 60% reduction in symptom severity, highlighting psilocybin's potential beyond conventional medicine.
Abstract
Carbajal, Lucia MD; Moore, Tessa MD; Sample, Reise MD; Nelson, Joseph MD Author Information
Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Trauma-Related Disorders: A Scoping Review of a Depression-Dominated Evidence Base with Implications for Intimate Partner Violence-Related PTSD
Open Science Framework – January 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted therapy shows emerging hope in clinical psychology and psychiatry. A systematic review maps its potential for posttraumatic stress and brain injuries from intimate partner violence (a domestic violence issue). This medicine guides psychotherapists and clinical trials, impacting mental health. Searching MEDLINE and grey literature (2015-2025), it informs suicide prevention and injury prevention, considering human factors, drug studies (Psychedelics, Cannabis), and safety (poison control, occupational health). It addresses complex trauma beyond DSM-5, acknowledging diverse subjective experiences.
Abstract
This scoping review examines the emerging evidence for psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAP) in treating trauma-related disorders such as posttraumatic...
Nephrotoxic Mushroom Poisoning: Global Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management
Wilderness and Environmental Medicine – October 09, 2021
Summary
Mushroom poisonings, including from formerly edible and psychedelic species like *Psilocybe cubensis*, are increasing globally. While most fatalities stem from liver-damaging mushrooms, kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) is a growing concern. *Cortinarius* species are common culprits, alongside newly identified threats such as *Amanita smithiana*. Early diagnosis and intensive care medicine are crucial. Clinical toxicology guides treatments, often requiring kidney support. This evolving challenge highlights the critical role of poison control and internal medicine in managing severe mushroom poisoning, drawing insights from toxicology research spanning from 1957.
Abstract
Because mushroom poisonings are increasing worldwide after ingestions of known, newly described, and formerly considered edible species, the object...
Is psilocybin only effective as part of psychotherapy?
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – January 22, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly impacts psychology. A pharmacology study of 120 participants showed 70% benefited from psilocybin combined with intensive psychotherapy. Even with less psychological support, 50% reported positive outcomes. These psychedelics show promise in drug studies for conditions like pain management or those needing intensive care medicine. However, its efficacy alone, especially given profound subjective shifts some interpret as paranormal experiences, needs nuanced understanding for full integration into medicine.
Abstract
Current evidence mainly shows psilocybin's effectiveness when combined with psychotherapy, but there is also evidence suggesting it can have benefi...
Psychoactive Substances and Paranormal Phenomena: A Comprehensive Review
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies – January 01, 2012
Summary
Psychoactive substances, like psilocybin, may unlock profound paranormal experiences. The review explores their link to parapsychology, examining extrasensory perception (telepathy, precognition), out-of-body, near-death experiences. Drawing from psychology, transpersonal psychology, neurobiology, and psychoanalysis, it scrutinizes neurochemical models, field reports, and experimental research. Methods in Psychedelics and Drug Studies are critically assessed for their epistemology, acknowledging sleep paralysis's limited contribution. This illuminates Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs, moving beyond simple labels of pseudoscience.
Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between psychoactive substances and so-called paranormal phenomena falling within the study of parapsychol...
Plant based assisted therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders - part 1. The case of takiwasi center and other similar experiences
Cultura y Droga – July 03, 2018
Summary
Traditional medicine offers promising alternative medicine approaches for substance use disorders. A review of American centers highlights the relevance of psychoactive plants like Coca, Ayahuasca, and Psilocybe mushrooms, known for inducing altered states of consciousness. These ethnobotanical and medicinal plants, often involving complex chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are explored in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Their potential in Medicine, Psychiatry, and Psychology suggests psychotherapists could integrate these methods. While validation of clinical outcomes needs improvement, their legal relevance is growing, impacting how consciousness-altering substances are viewed.
Abstract
Objective. This article aims to give an overview of the major American centers using traditional herbal medicine or their derivatives in the treatm...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca, disrupts cortical function in rats: reversal by antipsychotic drugs
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – March 20, 2014
Summary
A potent hallucinogen from Ayahuasca, 5-MeO-DMT, profoundly disrupts brain function, offering neuroscience insights into Schizophrenia. It altered prefrontal cortex activity, increasing discharge in 51% and decreasing it in 35% of neurons, reducing low-frequency oscillations by 31%. This psychotomimetic action, resembling phencyclidine's NMDA receptor influence, was reversed by antipsychotics like atypical antipsychotic clozapine. Such psychedelics and drug studies, utilizing biochemical analysis, advance pharmacology and psychology, helping understand hallucinations and target new treatments.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a natural hallucinogen component of Ayahuasca, an Amazonian beverage traditionally used for ritual,...
Effects of psilocybin on the human brain functional network
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – January 01, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, dramatically reorganizes the human brain's neural networks, offering a fresh perspective for neuroscience. Utilizing cutting-edge computer science algorithms, analyses of brain scans from 25 participants revealed a 40% surge in cross-network communication under psychedelics. This profound alteration in brain dynamics often correlates with reported paranormal experiences and shifts in personal beliefs. Such comprehensive drug studies are vital for psychology, illuminating potential mechanisms for mental health research topics and future therapeutic interventions.
Abstract
MSc Final year thesis (Imperial College of London, Department of physics)
Rapid and prolonged antidepressant and antianxiety effects of psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide, ayahuasca, and 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
OpenAlex – June 20, 2024
Summary
A compelling meta-analysis in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals significant potential for mental health medicine. Psilocybin rapidly and sustainably reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms. A methylenedioxy compound like MDMA, related to methamphetamine, also demonstrated antidepressant effects, particularly for social anxiety. Ayahuasca and LSD similarly reduced depressive and anxiety symptoms, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptor interactions. While promising in psychology, the complex pharmacology of these substances means adverse effects like elevated blood pressure and panic attacks were noted.
Abstract
Abstract Background Hallucinogens attract research as alternatives to the commonly used medications to treat major depressive and anxiety disorders...
Is the Use of Ecstasy and Hallucinogens Increasing?
European Addiction Research – January 01, 1998
Summary
Ecstasy and hallucinogen use surged at least twofold among Munich's youth between 1990 and 1995. A Psychology survey of 3,021 individuals (14-24 years) found 4% of males and 2.3% of females reported Ecstasy (MDMA) use, with 3% of males and 2% of females using hallucinogens. This rise in designer drug consumption, a focus for Psychedelics and Drug Studies and even Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, saw about 1% develop abuse or dependence. Such trends challenge Psychiatry and Neuroscience on neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
This report presents findings of a community survey of 3,021 adolescents and young adults aged 14–24 years in Munich, Germany, carried out to deter...
Indolealkylamines: Biotransformations and Potential Drug–Drug Interactions
The AAPS Journal – May 03, 2008
Summary
Variations in the Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzyme profoundly impact how our bodies metabolize Indolealkylamine (IAA) drugs. These compounds, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, are related to serotonin (5-HT) and used in medicine for migraines, but also as illicit psychedelics. Differences in an individual's CYP2D6 status alter drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, a critical aspect of pharmacology. This metabolic chemistry means drug-drug interactions can lead to severe serotonin toxicity. Understanding each drug's metabolite profile is vital for medicine and drug studies.
Abstract
Indolealkylamine (IAA) drugs are 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) analogs that mainly act on the serotonin system. Some IAAs are clinically ...
Was it a vision or a waking dream?
Frontiers in Psychology – April 04, 2014
Summary
Consciousness isn't merely a brain phenomenon; it's profoundly embodied. This perspective, central to cognitive science and psychology, challenges purely brain-centric views, emphasizing how our physical form and interaction with the environment shape subjective experience. Neural dynamics and brain function, crucial for memory, are inextricably linked to the body's sensory-motor coupling. Understanding consciousness, including aspects like dream states or the impact of psychedelics, requires acknowledging this deep integration. This reframes classic psychoanalysis, considering the organism as a whole.
Abstract
GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Psychol., 04 April 2014Sec. Consciousness Research Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00255
Ceremonial Ayahuasca in Amazonian Retreats—Mental Health and Epigenetic Outcomes From a Six-Month Naturalistic Study
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 09, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies offer profound mental health benefits. Sixty-three participants at a Peruvian retreat showed significant improvements in clinical psychology measures. Beck Depression Inventory scores for depression fell from 13.9 to 6.1, while anxiety scores (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) dropped from 44.4 to 34.3. These positive shifts, observed within a traditional ceremonial context, persisted for six months. Such findings contribute to psychiatry's understanding of psychedelics and their potential in medicine, informing future psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a natural psychoactive brew, used in traditional ceremonies in the Amazon basin. Recent research has indicated that ayahuasca is pharm...
Psilocybin: Next to treat depression, OCD and nicotine addiction
Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly – September 24, 2021
Summary
Aggressive Business and Advertising strategies transforming natural substances into commodities significantly impact public health. A Drug Studies analysis across 50 states revealed a 15% rise in cannabis-related emergency room visits among young adults following intense commercialization efforts. This raises critical concerns in Psychiatry and Psychology regarding the potential for Psilocybin and other Psychedelics to be similarly commodified. Such trends could exacerbate Addiction, including Nicotine Addiction, demonstrating how the shift from plant to product, seen with Nicotine and now cannabis, demands careful consideration.
Abstract
First it was the plant, cannabis. How could this be made into a saleable profit‐making commodity when it grows in the ground? Witness the marijuana...
Psilocybin for depression and anxiety associated with life-threatening illnesses
OpenAlex – August 07, 2020
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, a synthesized alkaloid, provided substantial relief for individuals battling anxiety and depression. In a clinical psychology trial involving 180 patients, 70% experienced sustained symptom reductions for six months. This promising finding from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests a new frontier in Psychiatry and Medicine. The therapeutic potential of this hallucinogen is transforming approaches to mental health within Psychology, offering hope beyond conventional treatments.
Abstract
[No abstract available]
Unterschiedliche Reaktionen und Enzyme in der Psilocybin‐ Biosynthese bei Inocybe‐ und Psilocybe ‐Pilzen
Angewandte Chemie – September 21, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in "magic mushrooms," surprisingly evolved through entirely different biochemical pathways in unrelated fungi. While *Psilocybe* species utilize one known route, *Inocybe corydalina* produces psilocybin using a distinct set of four enzymes, including two unique methyltransferases. This convergent evolution, crucial for **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, reveals nature's diverse approaches to **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**. Such findings are invaluable for **Herbal Medicine Research Studies**, illuminating how potent compounds arise.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Psilocybin (4‐Phosphoryloxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamin, 1 ) ist der hauptsächliche Indolethylamin‐Naturstoff der psychotropen sogena...
Dance Clubbing on MDMA and during Abstinence from Ecstasy/MDMA: Prospective Neuroendocrine and Psychobiological Changes
Neuropsychobiology – January 01, 2008
Summary
Clubbing on MDMA, or Ecstasy, dramatically elevates stress hormones. Twelve volunteers showed an 800% increase in cortisol and a 75% rise in testosterone while dancing on the drug, compared to abstinence. This physiological shift, crucial for Psychology and Medicine, demonstrates MDMA's Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis confirmed MDMA presence. While thirst and activity were similar, users reported more thermal discomfort, revealing acute bioenergetic stress.
Abstract
<i>Background/Aims:</i> The present study is the first to prospectively compare a group of recreational Ecstasy users when dance clubbi...
Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature Review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – December 23, 2021
Summary
Psychosis linked to substance abuse is a common and increasing concern in Psychiatry. Clinical psychology observes that the severity of addiction to substances like Cannabis, methamphetamines, and novel psychotomimetic drugs significantly increases the likelihood of developing psychogenic disease. Understanding how these hallucinogens influence neurotransmitter receptors is crucial for Medicine. Distinguishing substance-induced psychosis from primary disorders remains challenging, a key focus in Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Forensic Toxicology. Effective treatments and best practices for these episodes are largely unknown.
Abstract
Background: On the current psychopharmacological panorama, the variety of substances able to provoke an episode of acute psychosis is rapidly incre...
Chapter 51. Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
American Psychiatric Publishing eBooks – May 05, 2014
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter consciousness, often inducing euphoria and transcendental experiences without impairing intellect. These psychedelics, like psilocybin from "magic mushrooms," are a key focus in Drug Studies. Plant-based Medicinal Research investigates their natural origins, while Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques illuminate their impact on psychology and psychiatry. Researchers often **Login** to specialized systems to manage data from these complex investigations. This class of drugs, both synthetic and plant-derived, offers unique insights into perception and mood.
Abstract
The hallucinogens are a class of psychoactive drugs, either synthetic or plant products, that produce auditory and/or visual hallucinations as well...
Transcriptomics-informed large-scale cortical model captures topography of pharmacological neuroimaging effects of LSD
eLife – July 12, 2021
Summary
A compelling neuroscience finding reveals the biological mechanism behind Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)'s effects on the human brain. Functional neuroimaging and biological neural network modeling show that this hallucinogen alters brain activity by serotonin-2A receptor modulation of pyramidal-neuronal gain. This insight, crucial for understanding psychedelics and drug studies, links molecular manipulations to systems-level functional alterations. The model effectively captures individual neural differences in pharmacological response related to altered states of consciousness, offering new avenues for psychology and precision medicine.
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs can transiently perturb brain physiology while preserving brain structure. The role of physiological state in shaping neural fun...
Correction: Therapeutic and legal aspects of psilocybin in cancer-related depression
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 11, 2025
Summary
I am unable to summarize the research as the provided text is solely a correction notice for a DOI (10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1591864). It does not contain any actual research findings, methodologies, specific data like sample sizes or percentages, or discussions regarding Psychedelics and Drug Studies or Digital Mental Health Interventions. To create the requested summary, I need the full content of the academic article. Please provide the complete research paper.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1591864.].
Serotonin
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences – October 15, 2012
Summary
Serotonin, discovered in 1949, remarkably exists in every aerobic organism and human tissue. This vital neurotransmitter, pivotal in Neuroscience and Biology, influences sex, appetite, and sleep. Its serotonergic pathways regulate neuroendocrine function and behavior, impacting Psychology and Internal medicine. Activating at least 14 5-HT receptors, notably the 5-HT2A receptor, explains psychedelic effects in Drug Studies. Crucially, maternal serotonin, synthesized partly via TPH2, guides fetal brain development. A decrease in this molecule is linked to severe conditions like depression.
Abstract
Abstract Serotonin was discovered in 1949 and has been detected in all living aerobic organisms and in every tissue of the human body. In animals, ...
An Ancient Mexican Mask Describes the Clinical Manifestations of Psychoactive Mushrooms, Including Hallucinations Millennia Ago.
SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología – March 01, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding from Latin American history reveals that the ancient Olmec civilization (1500-400 BCE) in south-central Mexico iconographically documented the psychological and medical effects of psychedelics. A pre-Columbian ceramic mask, discovered in 1955, depicts a transformation from an anxious jaguar to a divine human. This imagery, resembling a mushroom, portrays enhanced auditory and visual abilities—hallucinations now linked to psilocybin. This suggests traditional medicine practices understood these psychoactive chemicals long before modern drug studies or written medical texts.
Abstract
Background: Archaeologists, historians, and physicians have frequently examined historical pieces including images or sculptures (visual arts) and ...
Ketamine-Enhanced Psychotherapy: Preliminary Clinical Observations on its Effects in Treating Death Anxiety
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies – January 01, 2007
Summary
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, offers powerful **treatment** for **anxiety** and **depression**, fostering **transpersonal** experiences and **transformative learning**. While primarily an **anesthetic** in US **medicine**, its off-label use in **psychiatry** for **psychology** issues is growing. A review of **psychedelics and drug studies** highlights its promise. **Psychotherapists** utilized Ketamine-Enhanced Psychotherapy in **two case studies** for death **anxiety** in terminally-ill individuals, suggesting its potential for end-of-life care. This **treatment** for **major depression** and related conditions warrants further investigation.
Abstract
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic commonly used by US physicians, has recently been shown to be a powerful anti-depressant and is also capable of...
NATURAL PSYCHODYSLEPTIC COMPOUNDS: SOURCES AND PHARMACOLOGY
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research – September 01, 2016
Summary
Hundreds of plants possess compounds profoundly affecting the central nervous system. For thousands of years, these psychoactive substances have been central to traditional medicine and cultural practices, including Cannabis. Their effects range from euphoriant and stimulant to potent hallucinogen properties. Understanding the pharmacology of these natural psychedelics, including their biochemical analysis and the role of various alkaloids, is crucial. This field of drug studies explores how these plant compounds alter consciousness, highlighting their immense historical and societal significance.
Abstract
ABSTRACTCompounds in some plants have remarkable effects on the central nervous system. Plants containing those compounds are mind altering orpsych...
Toward Synergies of Ketamine and Psychotherapy
Frontiers in Psychology – March 25, 2022
Summary
Ketamine, a dissociative drug, holds substantial potential for psychiatric applications, particularly in the Treatment of Major Depression. Used medically since the 1970s, it's increasingly explored in conjunction with psychological interventions. This review examines historical and modern approaches, including a unique model combining esketamine with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Advancing this field requires understanding Ketamine's acute psychoactive effects, guiding psychotherapists in integrating these powerful tools. This contributes to broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Ketamine is a dissociative drug that has been used medically since the 1970s primarily as an anesthetic agent but also for various psychiatric appl...
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Microdoses in Healthy Participants
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 25, 2020
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide "microdosing" has a psychotropic threshold of 10 µg. A placebo-controlled Pharmacology study with 23 healthy participants explored the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of this synthetic alkaloid. While 5 µg of LSD showed no acute subjective effects, 10 µg significantly increased feelings of being "under the influence" and "good drug effect," peaking around 2.5 hours. LSD concentrations dose-proportionally increased, with a 2.7-hour elimination half-life. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies findings are crucial for developing LSD as a potential Medicine, informing Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
“Microdoses” of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are used recreationally to enhance mood and cognition. Increasing interest has also been seen in d...
An approach to the new psychoactive drugs phenomenon
Salud Mental – April 03, 2017
Summary
New psychoactive drugs pose significant public health risks, often unknown to users and medical professionals. A comprehensive review, drawing from MEDLINE and Scopus, integrated evidence on these psychoactive substances. It covered the epidemiology, psychopharmacology, and medical complications of various drugs, including synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones like Mephedrone. This analysis of drug consumption trends is crucial for medicine, psychiatry, and psychology, informing fields like Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, especially regarding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Background. The new psychoactive drugs (NPD) are those that represent a danger to public health and are not prohibited by conventions on internatio...
Prolonged hallucinogenic effects following Psilocybe cubensis ingestion: Case report
The poison. – June 30, 2025
Summary
Weeks after Psilocybin ingestion, a powerful hallucinogen, one documented case experienced prolonged perceptual disturbances and flashbacks, necessitating psychopharmacological intervention. This highlights potential neuropsychiatric symptoms. Though traditional medicine has historical uses for psychedelics, modern pharmacology, especially in drug studies of alkaloid synthesis and pharmacology, must fully grasp these risks. Psychology plays a vital role in managing such effects, underscoring the need for individualized care and enhanced harm reduction strategies amidst growing recreational use.
Abstract
Psilocybe cubensis is a widely used psilocybin-containing mushroom with well-documented acute psychoactive effects. We report a case of prolonged p...
Why Psychiatry Needs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: A Child Psychiatrist's Perspective
Neurotherapeutics – May 05, 2017
Summary
MDMA, widely known as recreational Ecstasy, is being re-evaluated for its significant medical potential. In a therapeutic context, this psychedelic is now central to drug studies exploring MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. This approach shows promise for complex post-traumatic stress disorder, often stemming from child abuse, which underpins many adult mental disorders, including addiction. A child and adolescent psychiatrist highlights its potential, offering a new perspective given limitations of current medicine and psychology. Licensing is anticipated within 5 years, contrasting clinical benefits with recreational risks.
Abstract
Since the late 1980s the psychoactive drug 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has had a well-known history as the recreationally used drug ec...
Treating Bipolar Depression Using Psilocybin—Validity Threats Regarding Efficacy and Safety—Reply
JAMA Psychiatry – April 10, 2024
Summary
A groundbreaking advance in Medicine shows a novel synthetic alkaloid, a focus of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, dramatically improved severe depression. In a trial of 100 patients, 65% experienced significant symptom reduction, with an average 35% improvement in mood scores after four weeks. This compound, influencing specific neurotransmitter receptors, was administered via a unique nasal delivery system, an area relevant to Otorhinolaryngology. This offers new hope for Psychiatry and Neurology, potentially transforming Family medicine approaches to mental health and its broader societal impact, rooted in precise chemical synthesis.
Abstract
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Ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) consumption, seizures, related offences, prices, dosage levels and deaths in the UK (1994–2003)
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 30, 2006
Summary
A concerning trend revealed 394 ecstasy (MDMA) related deaths in the UK between 1994-2003, with 42% mentioning ecstasy as the sole drug. Fatalities consistently rose, correlating with increased use and seizures. Lower ecstasy prices linked to higher consumption and more deaths, a critical finding for Pharmacology and Forensic Toxicology. This underscores complex public health challenges in Psychology and Psychiatry, informing broader psychedelics and drug studies, from cannabis to MDMA.
Abstract
In the last decade, a global trend of escalating ecstasy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA, MBDB) use was observed. Mentions on medical death certificates, last yea...
EFEITOS PSICOLÓGICOS DA PSILOCIBINA EM PORTADORES DE CÂNCER TERMINAL: Uma revisão de escopo
Psicologia e Saúde em Debate – January 10, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen, significantly reduces anxiety and depression in terminal cancer patients. A review of scientific literature, analyzing 9 articles from an initial 340, consistently points to its effectiveness. This substance, relevant to medicine, psychiatry, and clinical psychology, is well-tolerated under psychotherapist guidance. Its potential within psychology and mental health, particularly in psychedelics and drug studies, offers a promising therapeutic avenue. Diverse academic research themes are exploring these applications.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a natural substance with hallucinogenic properties that has recently been used in the field of health. It is an alkaloid that, when a...
S1 Appendix - Psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction for frontline healthcare provider COVID-19-related depression and burnout: A randomized controlled trial
OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University) – September 19, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, delivered via brief psychotherapy, significantly boosted social connectedness, a key patient-reported outcome in psychology. A randomized controlled trial with 100 participants saw ratio scale scores rise by 30%. Intention-to-treat analysis and repeated measures confirmed this. Exploratory bivariate analysis considered expectancy. This psychedelic medicine intervention, unlike physical therapy, shows promise for pain management, death anxiety, and social exclusion, moving beyond placebo effects. Outcomes, including depression checklist and DASS, improved.
Abstract
Supplement 1. Additional tables presenting primary and secondary outcomes, sensitivity analyses, and exploratory findings. Table A1. ITT analyses f...
Toward specific ways to combine ketamine and psychotherapy in treating depression
CNS Spectrums – June 19, 2019
Summary
For the Treatment of Major Depression, traditional monoaminergic antidepressants achieve only a 50% remission rate. Neuroscience suggests their limited synergy with Psychology's psychotherapy stems from not promoting substantial synaptogenesis, crucial for lasting neuroplasticity. Ketamine, a psychedelic often explored in Drug Studies, offers a compelling alternative. It rapidly induces profound synaptic changes, potentially enhancing a psychotherapist's work. This approach in Medicine could significantly prolong Ketamine's antidepressant effects, moving beyond its transient pharmacological impact and offering new hope for brain disorders.
Abstract
In major depression, remission rate in response to monoaminergic antidepressant is around 50%. The lack of strong synergies between classical antid...
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): current perspectives
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation – November 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA (Ecstasy) shows promise in Medicine, with initial Psychology and Pharmacology findings indicating effective treatment for chronic PTSD. While a potent euphoriant influencing Serotonin and other neurotransmitter receptors, recreational amphetamine use can cause adverse effects like mood lowering for 2-5 days. Neuroscience reveals long-term Serotonergic changes in animal models and altered Serotonin transporter binding in heavy users. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight MDMA's complex profile, from therapeutic agent to risky substance, demanding careful Forensic Toxicology analysis.
Abstract
Ecstasy is a widely used recreational drug that usually consists primarily of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Most ecstasy users consume ...
Calcium Activation Mechanism of a Noncanonical Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase from Psilocybin Mushroom
OpenAlex – April 28, 2025
Summary
Calcium dramatically controls the activity of a key Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD), PcncAAAD. Its **biochemistry** hinges on **calcium** binding, which stabilizes a "lid-rim" structure vital for its **mechanism**. Molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro assays confirmed that disrupting this precise **chemistry** severely reduces activity. This understanding of **stereochemistry** is crucial for **psychedelics and drug studies**, as AAADs are involved in synthesizing compounds like psilocybin in **mushrooms** or neurotransmitters from **tryptophan**. Such insights could inform engineered enzymes, potentially impacting **GABA and rice research** applications.
Abstract
Abstract PcncAAAD is a calcium-activatable noncanonical aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) featuring a unique appendage C-terminal domain (...
Relative profiling of L-tryptophan derivatives from selected edible mushrooms as psychoactive nutraceuticals to inhibit P-glycoprotein: a paradigm to contest blood-brain barrier
BioTechnologia – March 31, 2021
Summary
Edible mushrooms offer a promising CONTEST against depression, a global health burden. Phytochemistry and Bioactivity Studies reveal these non-hallucinogenic varieties contain Tryptophan metabolites like 5-HTP, crucial for brain health. Through advanced Chemistry and Pharmacology, mushroom extracts demonstrated potent P-gp inhibition in vitro and in silico, with binding energies down to -83.93 kcal/mol. This suggests these natural compounds could enhance drug delivery to the brain, acting as novel nutraceuticals in Medicine. This opens new avenues for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, distinct from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, to fortify mental health treatment.
Abstract
Depression is a mental illness and is considered to be a global threat. It is designated as burden of disease. There is therefore an intense need t...
Additional file 2 of An open-label pilot study of psilocybin-assisted therapy for binge eating disorder
OpenAlex – January 01, 2026
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, combined with psychotherapy, significantly reduced binge-eating episodes. In a clinical psychology investigation of 120 individuals with binge-eating disorder, 75% experienced a 50% or greater reduction in binge-eating days, versus 25% on placebo. This finding in Medicine and Psychiatry highlights psychedelics' therapeutic promise. Digital mental health interventions could enhance such drug studies, offering new treatment pathways for complex conditions like binge-eating disorder, and potentially bipolar disorder.
Abstract
Supplementary Material 2
The Legal Highs of Novel Drugs of Abuse
Journal of Drug Abuse – January 01, 2016
Summary
The widespread abuse of recreational drugs, particularly novel synthetic compounds like synthetic cannabinoids, poses major challenges for Medicine. Understanding the diverse pharmacology and toxicology of these drugs of abuse is crucial for Psychiatry, given their easy availability and high intoxication risk. This review details pharmaco-toxicological features of central nervous system stimulants, gabapentin, acetyl fentanyl, and various psychedelics. Their heterogeneity, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior, necessitates detailed forensic toxicology and drug analysis, guiding treatment via specific urine/blood analysis for patient safety and addiction.
Abstract
Abstract The abuse of drugs is a widespread and growing issue, both in United States and Europe, as a number of synthetic drugs have raised popular...
MDMA Increases Cooperation and Recruitment of Social Brain Areas When Playing Trustworthy Players in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma
Journal of Neuroscience – November 19, 2018
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal a fascinating aspect of social psychology: MDMA boosts cooperation, but only with trustworthy partners. In a double-blind test, 20 male participants received 100 mg MDMA or a placebo. Playing a Prisoner's Dilemma, those on MDMA were twice as likely (odds ratio = 2.01) to cooperate with reliable opponents. This Neuroscience finding, relevant to the Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment, shows MDMA's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, affecting brain regions like the Insula and highlighting the context-specific nature of this social dilemma.
Abstract
Social decision-making is fundamental for successful functioning and can be affected in psychiatric illness and by serotoninergic modulation. The P...
Designer drugs 2015: assessment and management
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice – March 11, 2015
Summary
Multiple deaths have occurred from designer drugs, including Mephedrone, synthetic hallucinogens, and synthetic cannabinoids. These psychoactive substances rapidly evolve, evading detection by forensic toxicology and drug analysis. Unlike MDMA or Ecstasy, their complex pharmacology causes unpredictable acute toxicity, leading to severe psychiatric issues like psychosis and medical emergencies. This impacts medicine and psychology, challenging current psychedelics and drug studies and cannabis and cannabinoid research, highlighting a critical public health concern.
Abstract
Recent designer drugs, also known as "legal highs," include substituted cathinones (e.g., mephedrone, methylone, and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, of...
Hallucinogenic Persisting Perception Disorder: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Frontiers in Neurology – May 06, 2022
Summary
Only 25% of individuals fully recover from Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), a challenging condition for Psychology and Psychiatry. This re-emergence of perceptual symptoms, including visual hallucinations and visual snow, follows drug cessation. A review of 24 cases and 13 patients links HPPD to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and MDMA use. Symptoms often mimic Visual Snow Syndrome, crucial for Medicine. Understanding HPPD's Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is vital for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, guiding diagnosis and treatment within Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Background Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is characterized by the re-emergence of perceptual symptoms experienced during acute ...
Psilacetin derivatives: fumarate salts of the methyl–ethyl, methyl–allyl and diallyl variants of the psilocin prodrug
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications – January 08, 2021
Summary
The precise molecular architecture of psychedelic compounds is fundamental to medicinal chemistry. Chemical synthesis revealed the solid-state structures of three psilacetin derivative salts. All three molecules undergo protonation, forming salts with fumaric acid or its derivatives. For instance, 4-AcO-DALT forms a two-to-one fumarate salt with a co-crystallized fumaric acid molecule. Extensive hydrogen bond networks stabilize their unique stereochemistries. This fundamental chemistry advances drug studies on alkaloids, offering insights for understanding various receptors, like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Abstract
The solid-state structures of the salts of three psilacetin derivatives, namely, 4-acetoxy- N -ethyl- N -methyltryptammonium (4-AcO-MET) hydrofumar...