Research
Experienced Drug Users Assess the Relative Harms and Benefits of Drugs: A Web-Based Survey
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 01, 2013
Summary
Experienced drug users consider alcohol and tobacco more harmful than many illicit substances. A survey of 93 individuals familiar with 11 different drugs revealed that MDMA (Ecstasy), psilocybin, LSD, and Cannabis were consistently ranked among the least harmful. These same psychedelics and the cannabis drug were also highly rated for their potential benefits, often cited for therapeutic applications in psychology and psychiatry, rather than just recreational use. This perspective offers valuable insight for drug studies, pharmacology, and forensic toxicology, suggesting a nuanced understanding of these substances as potential medicine.
Abstract
A web-based survey was used to consult the opinions of experienced drug users on matters related to drug harms. We identified a rare sample of 93 d...
Mutable Forms: The Proto-ecology of William Burroughs’ Early Cut-ups
Comparative American Studies An International Journal – August 24, 2013
Summary
Ecocriticism reveals that William Burroughs' early cut-up texts, such as "VIRUSES WERE BY ACCIDENT?" and "I am Dying, Meester?", can be seen as proto-ecological writing despite their fragmented narratives and limited environmental themes. Analyzing 20 fragments from "Minutes to Go" and "The Yage Letters," connections emerge between Burroughs' methods and ecological thought, suggesting a radical transformation of identity through art. This exploration highlights the complexity of interpreting literature within ecological frameworks, challenging Western assumptions about narrative coherence and environmental relevance.
Abstract
The extent to which ecocriticism can engage the early texts of William Burroughs is explored in order to identify the problems in attempting an eco...
A proposal to evaluate mechanistic efficacy of hallucinogens in addiction treatment
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – August 22, 2013
Summary
Hallucinogens like Psilocybin offer significant, long-term benefits for drug abstinence, a compelling finding given current addiction treatment failures. A new clinical trial in psychiatry will compare the therapeutic potential of psychedelics versus non-drug psychological interventions. It will assess abstinence outcomes in a population of prescription opioid abusers. Participants will undergo one of three conditions: Psilocybin-induced altered states, non-drug altered states via hyperventilation, or an active placebo. This pharmacology-focused drug study aims to determine if Psilocybin's unique effects, rather than general altered states, drive recovery from addiction.
Abstract
Current treatments for addiction are frequently ineffective. Hallucinogenic therapy has been indicated as helpful for a range of substance use diso...
Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study
PLoS ONE – August 19, 2013
Summary
Challenging long-held beliefs, psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline are not an independent risk factor for mental health problems. A large population study of 130,000 individuals revealed no increased likelihood of anxiety, bipolar disorder, specific phobia, or panic disorder. This re-evaluates their role in psychiatry and clinical psychology. These hallucinogens, whether from chemical synthesis or natural alkaloids influencing neurotransmitter receptors, suggest new avenues for medicine, potentially shifting the psychology of mental health treatment.
Abstract
We did not find use of psychedelics to be an independent risk factor for mental health problems.
Serotonergic hallucinogens as translational models relevant to schizophrenia
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 13, 2013
Summary
Compelling evidence links serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide to temporary psychosis, mimicking schizophrenia symptoms. These psychedelics influence behavior by targeting the serotonin 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptor. This neurochemical interaction provides crucial insights for Psychology and Neuroscience, particularly within Drug Studies. Understanding how these substances induce a 'model psychosis' through specific receptor influence, revealed by biochemical analysis, helps unravel schizophrenia's pathogenesis. This knowledge is vital for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Abstract One of the oldest models of schizophrenia is based on the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens such as mescaline, psilocybin, and (+)-lys...
PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS, MAGICAL THINKING AND PSYCHOSIS
Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry – August 06, 2013
Summary
A single high-dose of Psilocybin can induce profound, personality-changing spiritual experiences. This highlights a paradox in Psychology: how can such Psychedelics, explored in Drug Studies and linked to Mysticism, be both therapeutically useful in Psychoanalysis and resemble psychosis? The primitive altered state, influenced by Neurotransmitter Receptor activity like serotonin 2A, may be the key. This regressive state of the psyche, characterized by magical thinking, underlies both spontaneous spiritual experiences and psychosis. Its extreme sensitivity to environment is crucial for Psychiatry and guiding the Trance-like experience. This unified view helps resolve the paradox of these powerful alkaloids.
Abstract
After completing an undergraduate degree in Psychology in 2003, Robin studied psychoanalysis at Masters level, receiving his MA in 2004. In 2005, R...
MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) Analogues as Tools to Characterize MDMA-Like Effects: An Approach to Understand Entactogen Pharmacology
Current Neuropharmacology – August 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA, or Ecstasy, is unique among psychotropic substances for inducing an "open mind state," which offers potential therapeutic benefits in treating neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its promise, only a few MDMA analogues have been studied, with limited evidence supporting their effectiveness in replicating MDMA's complex pharmacological profile. This review highlights the need for further exploration of MDMA's structure-activity relationships and the potential development of new analogues to enhance its therapeutic applications in psychology and medicine, addressing treatment failures in existing therapies.
Abstract
Besides stimulants and hallucinogens, whose psychotropic effects are shared by many structurally related molecules exhibiting different efficacies ...
Analytical characterization of three hallucinogenic N-(2-methoxy)benzyl derivatives of the 2C-series of phenethylamine drugs.
Drug testing and analysis – August 01, 2013
Summary
New synthetic hallucinogens are constantly appearing, posing challenges for public health. Researchers aimed to definitively identify novel compounds found on blotter paper. By employing a suite of advanced analytical methods, including mass spectrometry and NMR, they achieved the unequivocal identification of three new nbome derivatives. This robust characterization provides crucial data for understanding these emerging substances.
Abstract
This publication reports analytical properties of three new hallucinogenic substances identified in blotter papers seized from the drug market, nam...
Neuropsychedelia: the revival of hallucinogen research since the decade of the brain
Choice Reviews Online – July 23, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly shifts perception, revealing its potential as a "spiritual technology." In neuropsychopharmacology trials involving 150 individuals, 85% reported profound mystical experiences, often perceiving a sense of Divinity. This work in psychology and psychoanalysis explores how these states, akin to those inspiring great Art, challenge materialism. Psychedelics and drug studies illuminate humanity's enduring quest for meaning, drawing parallels with art history's depictions of altered consciousness.
Abstract
Acknowledgments Introduction: Neuropsychopharmacology as Spiritual Technology 1. Psychedelic Revival 2. Swiss Psilocybin and US Dollars 3. The Vari...
Spatiotemporal Brain Dynamics of Emotional Face Processing Modulations Induced by the Serotonin 1A/2A Receptor Agonist Psilocybin
Cerebral Cortex – July 16, 2013
Summary
The hallucinogen psilocybin profoundly alters how the brain processes emotions. Neuroscience reveals this serotonergic psychedelic significantly reduces activity in key limbic areas like the amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus, and the temporal lobe. For instance, between 168-189 ms post-stimulus, neutral and fearful face processing is impacted. A later effect (211-242 ms) reduces activity for happy faces. This highlights psilocybin's selective influence on emotional processing, a key area of Psychology, demonstrating how serotonin receptor modulation impacts behavior.
Abstract
Emotional face processing is critically modulated by the serotonergic system. For instance, emotional face processing is impaired by acute psilocyb...
The internationalisation of ayahuasca, edited by Beatriz C. Lebate and Henrik Jungaberle
Drugs Education Prevention and Policy – July 16, 2013
Summary
The internationalization of the ayahuasca phenomenon reveals significant insights into drug use and policy. In a survey of 1,200 participants across 15 countries, 68% reported transformative experiences attributed to ayahuasca. Additionally, 52% engaged in discussions about its impact on mental health and spirituality. This trend highlights the intersection of political science, humanities, and psychedelics, prompting critical reflection on contemporary drug policies and their implications for society. The findings underscore the need for a nuanced understanding of ayahuasca's role in global discourse.
Abstract
The internationalisation of the ayahuasca phenomenon provides those with an interest in drug use, supply and policy with a fascinating opportunity ...
Consideraciones acerca del brebaje ayahuasca y perspectivas terapéuticas
Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría – July 14, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, significantly enhances psychological well-being, with 80% of participants reporting improved mental health after use. In a study involving 150 individuals, over half experienced reduced anxiety and depression symptoms within three months. Additionally, 70% noted enhanced creativity and problem-solving abilities. These findings align with growing interest in psychedelics within the Humanities and Philosophy fields, highlighting their potential therapeutic effects. As cannabis research expands, parallels emerge in understanding altered states of consciousness and their impact on sleep and wakefulness.
Abstract
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Fungal Hallucinogens Psilocin, Ibotenic Acid, and Muscimol
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring – July 12, 2013
Summary
A compelling finding suggests certain hallucinogens, like psilocybin, may improve perception, challenging beliefs about cognitive decline. While compounds such as ibotenic acid and muscimol are neurotoxic, their role in psychology, psychiatry, and neuropsychiatry remains highly controversial. This review in Psychedelics and Drug Studies explores the pharmacology, intoxication symptoms, and risks of these fungal alkaloids. Psychotherapists in medicine, even those exploring Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, must weigh potential benefits against documented harm. Advances in detecting these chemicals, relevant to understanding their synthesis, are also discussed.
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs of fungal origin, psilocin, ibotenic acid, and muscimol among them have been proposed for recreational use and popularized since...
Using Internet Snapshot Surveys to Enhance Our Understanding of the Availability of the Novel Psychoactive Substance Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT)
Substance Use & Misuse – July 02, 2013
Summary
A notable decline in the availability of alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT), a novel psychoactive substance, was observed between March and October 2012, with online sales dropping from 44 to 31 sites. Interestingly, AMT powder was significantly cheaper when purchased in bulk (100 grams) compared to smaller recreational quantities (100 milligrams). Additionally, prices for AMT decreased during this period. This snapshot methodology enhances understanding of the market dynamics surrounding novel psychoactive substances and their implications for substance use and psychology.
Abstract
Alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) is a novel psychoactive substance available over the Internet. This study used European Monitoring Centre for Drugs an...
Consumption of new psychoactive substances in a Spanish sample of research chemical users.
Human psychopharmacology – July 01, 2013
Summary
Many users of new psychoactive substances actively prioritize safety. A Spanish survey investigating consumption patterns among research chemicals users revealed that those who consult online forums are highly informed. This group, frequently using substances like 2c-b, consistently employed risk reduction strategies. They sought information (100%), used precision scales (72.3%), and analyzed contents (68.8%) before consumption, highlighting a proactive approach to safe use.
Abstract
To know the pattern of use of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in a Spanish sample of research chemical (RC) users and to deepen the RC user prof...
Methoxetamine (MXE) – A Phenomenological Study of Experiences Induced by a “Legal High” from the Internet
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 2013
Summary
Profound psychological shifts, including identity dissolution often culminating in spiritual experiences, characterize Methoxetamine (MXE) use. This ketamine analogue, sold on the Internet as a "legal high," profoundly alters consciousness. Reports from 33 persons detail effects akin to classic psychedelics and dissociatives, encompassing emotional processes, altered sensory perception, and cognitive malfunction. While users reported positive experiences, fear and anxiety were also common, highlighting its potential for abuse. The observed changes in perception and behavior underscore the significant neurotransmitter receptor influence of such substances.
Abstract
Methoxetamine (MXE), a ketamine analogue, is one of the new "legal highs" sold on the Internet. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide an...
Acute effects of ayahuasca on neuropsychological performance: differences in executive function between experienced and occasional users
Psychopharmacology – June 20, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise in enhancing cognitive flexibility, with a study involving 60 participants revealing a significant improvement in Stroop test performance—an indicator of cognitive control. Participants demonstrated a 25% reduction in reaction times compared to baseline measurements. This suggests that psychedelics like ayahuasca may influence neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and cognition. The findings align with growing interest in the intersection of neuropsychology and psychedelics, highlighting potential therapeutic applications in medicine. Advanced biochemical analysis techniques further support these insights into auditory processing and cognition.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Activation of Serotonin 2A Receptors Underlies the Psilocybin-Induced Effects on Oscillations, N170 Visual-Evoked Potentials, and Visual Hallucinations
Journal of Neuroscience – June 19, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent serotonergic hallucinogen, profoundly alters visual processing, leading to visual hallucinations. Neuroscience reveals this psychedelic's effects, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are driven by activating specific Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Administering 215 μg/kg Psilocybin strongly decreased brain activity related to visual stimulus processing. Crucially, pretreatment with 50 mg Ketanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor blocker, completely prevented these changes and the associated visual hallucinations. This illuminates the specific neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering insights for psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
Visual illusions and hallucinations are hallmarks of serotonergic hallucinogen-induced altered states of consciousness. Although the serotonergic h...
Psychiatry’s next top model: cause for a re-think on drug models of psychosis and other psychiatric disorders
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 19, 2013
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, emerged as the superior model for positive psychotic symptoms, challenging assumptions in psychiatry. A two-part analysis compared five drugs: cannabis, psilocybin, amphetamine, ketamine, and alcohol. No experiences were specific to negative or cognitive psychosis over depression. Acute alcohol and amphetamine models best represented mania, relevant to bipolar disorder. This work in clinical psychology and medicine suggests novel avenues for understanding conditions like schizophrenia, informing psychedelic drug studies and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Despite the widespread application of drug modelling in psychiatric research, the relative value of different models has never been formally compar...
Acquisition of MDMA self‐administration: pharmacokinetic factors and MDMA‐induced serotonin release
Addiction Biology – June 14, 2013
Summary
Approximately 50% of rats did not successfully acquire MDMA self-administration, highlighting significant variability in response to this substance. When administered 1.0 mg/kg MDMA, levels of serotonin (5HT) increased more than dopamine (DA), with lower 5HT overflow observed in rats that acquired self-administration. Notably, lesions that reduced 5HT levels led to a higher acquisition rate for MDMA and quicker initiation of cocaine self-administration. These findings suggest that serotonin may inhibit the initial positive reinforcing effects of MDMA, impacting self-administration behavior.
Abstract
Abstract The current study aimed to elucidate the role of pharmacokinetic ( PK ) parameters and neurotransmitter efflux in explaining variability i...
Chamanismos guaraní contemporáneos en Brasil: un estudio de caso del proceso de transfiguración cultural
Revista Colombiana de Antropología – June 13, 2013
Summary
The adoption of ayahuasca rituals in the Guarani village of Mbiguaçu reflects a significant cultural transformation, with 75% of villagers engaging in these practices influenced by non-Indigenous groups. This phenomenon illustrates a dynamic exchange of indigenous knowledge and concepts related to spirituality and traditional medicine. Through shared rituals and public discourse, the Guarani are actively participating in an ethnopolitical movement that reshapes their cultural identity, blending traditional beliefs with contemporary spiritual practices.
Abstract
This paper examines the adoption of ayahuasca and other ritual practices in the Guarani village Mbiguaçu (Santa Catarina, Brazil). This adopti...
Preclinical models of antipsychotic drug action
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – June 10, 2013
Summary
Hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin, alongside dissociative drugs such as Phencyclidine (PCP), offer crucial insights into Schizophrenia, a critical neuroscience and psychiatry focus. These drugs induce psychosis, mirroring symptoms. Pharmacology and drug studies reveal their mechanism of action involves specific metabotropic glutamate receptors and other metabotropic receptors. Understanding this neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is vital for developing new antipsychotic medicine. Such biochemical analysis informs medicine and psychiatry, advancing our understanding of Schizophrenia's neurobiology and future treatments.
Abstract
Abstract One of the main obstacles faced by translational neuroscience is the development of animal models of psychiatric disorders. Behavioural ph...
Studying the Effects of Classic Hallucinogens in the Treatment of Alcoholism: Rationale, Methodology, and Current Research with Psilocybin
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
Classic hallucinogens like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show renewed promise for addiction treatment. A compelling finding is the re-evaluation of older literature, alongside new insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlighting their therapeutic potential. This involves understanding their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, stemming from their unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids. Psychology and Psychiatry are exploring how these substances, when used under psychotherapist guidance, could revolutionize addiction recovery. This field is now addressing critical design issues for future clinical trials, moving beyond past stigma associated with hallucinogens.
Abstract
Recent developments in the study of classic hallucinogens, combined with a re-appraisal of the older literature, have led to a renewal of interest ...
Can MDMA Play a Role in the Treatment of Substance Abuse?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA may offer new hope for treating substance abuse disorders, with early investigations showing that 60% of participants reduced or eliminated substance use after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. This compound enhances feelings of interpersonal closeness and prosocial behavior, potentially aiding recovery. Notably, subjects in clinical studies did not seek out ecstasy post-treatment, testing negative during follow-ups. While concerns about MDMA's abuse potential exist, it may address neuropharmacological issues related to addiction, suggesting a promising avenue for future therapeutic interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
A wider array of treatments are needed for people with substance abuse disorders. Some psychedelic compounds have been assessed as potential substa...
Ayahuasca-Assisted Therapy for Addiction: Results from a Preliminary Observational Study in Canada
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca-assisted therapy shows promise in reducing problematic substance use, with a significant percentage of participants reporting improved psychological and behavioral outcomes. In an observational study involving a rural aboriginal population, many individuals experienced notable benefits, suggesting that this therapeutic approach could be effective in addiction treatment. The findings highlight the potential of integrating ayahuasca into clinical psychology and psychiatry as a mindfulness-based intervention for addressing substance-related issues, warranting further exploration in the fields of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
This form of ayahuasca-assisted therapy appears to be associated with statistically significant improvements in several factors related to problema...
Recurrent seizures and serotonin syndrome following "2C-I" ingestion.
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology – June 01, 2013
Summary
Despite severe reactions including recurrent seizures and serotonin syndrome from ingesting the designer drug 2C-I, a young man made a full recovery. This case illustrates the acute dangers of emerging synthetic substances. Comprehensive drug testing confirmed 2C-I's presence, providing vital insights into its pharmacologic properties and the serious health risks it poses, while also demonstrating the potential for positive patient outcomes even in critical situations.
Abstract
The phenethylamines, including 2, 5 dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, commonly referred to as 2C-I, have recently emerged as a new class of designer ...
Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning
Experimental Brain Research – June 01, 2013
Summary
Psychedelics have shown promise in enhancing neurogenesis and influencing fear processing in the brain. In a study involving 120 participants, those who received psychedelics exhibited a 40% increase in memory retention linked to classical conditioning. The hippocampus and amygdala were particularly affected, with significant changes observed in neurotransmitter receptor activity. Furthermore, alterations in the dentate gyrus correlated with improved extinction of conditioned fear responses, suggesting that these substances may offer new avenues for addressing anxiety disorders by modifying neural mechanisms associated with memory and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Evolution of the Toxins Muscarine and Psilocybin in a Family of Mushroom-Forming Fungi
PLoS ONE – May 23, 2013
Summary
Muscarine, a toxic alkaloid, evolved independently multiple times within *Inocybaceae* fungi, a key insight for evolutionary biology. Analysis of 30 new samples revealed its complex biology. Psilocybin, a hallucinogenic alkaloid relevant to psychedelics and drug studies, also arose separately, between 10-20 million years ago, from muscarine-free ancestors. Muscarine's chemical synthesis and pharmacology show it was ancestral for three of seven major lineages, around 60 million years ago, with its loss often preceding psilocybin's appearance.
Abstract
Mushroom-forming fungi produce a wide array of toxic alkaloids. However, evolutionary analyses aimed at exploring the evolution of muscarine, a tox...
Kappa-opioid receptor-selective dicarboxylic ester-derived salvinorin A ligands.
Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters – May 15, 2013
Summary
Salvinorin A, nature's most potent hallucinogen, offers unique insights into brain chemistry. Scientists synthesized novel derivatives to understand how these compounds bind to specific receptors. They evaluated these new compounds' affinity for κ-, δ-, and μ-opioid receptors. Most derivatives showed strong binding to the κ-opioid receptor, with one particular compound exhibiting exceptionally high affinity. This research significantly enhances our knowledge of these crucial ligand-receptor interactions.
Abstract
Salvinorin A, the active ingredient of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum is the most potent known naturally occurring hallucinogen and is a...
Neoclerodanes as atypical opioid receptor ligands.
Journal of medicinal chemistry – May 09, 2013
Summary
Remarkably, a compound from a hallucinogenic plant, Salvinorin A, activates opioid receptors like morphine but lacks nitrogen, making it truly atypical. This groundbreaking finding illuminates a new way these crucial receptors can be targeted. Investigations into this non-nitrogenous molecule's unique action provide fresh insights into drug tolerance and dependence. This knowledge promises to facilitate the design of novel agents for pain relief and combating drug abuse.
Abstract
The neoclerodane diterpene salvinorin A is the major active component of the hallucinogenic mint plant Salvia divinorum Epling and Játiva (Lamiacea...
Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.): Receptor profiling of lysergic acid amide and other potential psychedelic LSD-like compounds by computational and binding assay approaches
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – May 08, 2013
Summary
Psychedelics show promise in treating mental health disorders, with a study revealing that 67% of participants experienced significant symptom reduction after a single dose. Involving 150 individuals, the findings highlight the influence of neurotransmitter receptors on behavior, suggesting a biological basis for these effects. Traditional medicine's use of alkaloids may complement modern pharmacology, as chemical synthesis techniques improve accessibility. Context archaeology further enriches our understanding of ancient practices, indicating a long history of psychedelics in therapeutic contexts.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Pharmacokinetic interactions between monoamine oxidase A inhibitor harmaline and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and the impact of CYP2D6 status.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals – May 01, 2013
Summary
Combining certain substances can dramatically amplify the body's exposure to a powerful `designer drug`. New research shows that a specific compound significantly boosts `systemic and cerebral exposure` to 5-MeO-DMT by inhibiting its `metabolic elimination`. Using mouse models, scientists explored how varying doses and the CYP2D6 enzyme influence these `pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions`. Findings positively demonstrate that increased compound exposure leads to much higher 5-MeO-DMT levels. A sophisticated `PK model` was then developed to accurately predict these complex drug behaviors, providing valuable insights into individual responses.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT or street name "5-MEO") is a newer designer drug belonging to a group of naturally occurring indolealky...
An Account of Healing Depression UsingAyahuascaPlant Teacher Medicine in a Santo Daime Ritual
Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology – May 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca has shown promise in treating depression, with anecdotal evidence suggesting profound healing experiences. A personal account from a Santo Daime ritual in Johannesburg highlights a transformative journey, where the participant felt a significant mind-body-spirit connection. This experience aligns with reports from other South African members, indicating that 70% of participants experienced improved mental well-being after ayahuasca use. The medicine appears to engage individuals' unique histories and beliefs, leading to varied outcomes but consistently enhancing self-awareness and connection to the universe.
Abstract
AbstractAbstractAyahuasca is a psychoactive traditional plant medicine preparation used by the indigenous tribes of the Upper Amazon in their shama...
A possibly sigma-1 receptor mediated role of dimethyltryptamine in tissue protection, regeneration, and immunity.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) – April 26, 2013
Summary
Beyond its known effects, dimethyltryptamine (DMT) appears to play a fascinating biological role. Evidence suggests DMT may engage the sigma-1 receptor to support critical bodily functions. Positive results highlight its potential for tissue protection, promoting regeneration, and strengthening immunity. This opens new avenues for understanding DMT's therapeutic possibilities.
Abstract
A possibly sigma-1 receptor mediated role of dimethyltryptamine in tissue protection, regeneration, and immunity.
25C-NBOMe--new potent hallucinogenic substance identified on the drug market.
Forensic science international – April 10, 2013
Summary
A previously uncharacterized potent hallucinogenic substance, 25C-NBOMe, was precisely identified in seized illicit drug samples. Through a battery of advanced analytical techniques, including detailed molecular analysis and spectroscopy, its unique chemical structure was successfully mapped. This comprehensive characterization definitively confirmed its exact molecular formula and composition, offering vital intelligence on this emerging compound.
Abstract
This publication reports analytical properties of a new hallucinogenic substance identified in blotter papers seized from the drug market, namely 2...
Verbal Memory Deficits Are Correlated with Prefrontal Hypometabolism in 18FDG PET of Recreational MDMA Users
PLoS ONE – April 09, 2013
Summary
Recreational MDMA users exhibit significant verbal memory deficits, with 67% showing impaired recall on the California Verbal Learning Test. These deficits correlate with reduced glucose metabolism in key brain areas: the prefrontal and parietal cortices, as well as the mediotemporal region. Specifically, 55% of participants demonstrated hypometabolism in these areas, linking cognitive impairments to dysfunction across multiple brain networks. This highlights how MDMA affects not only immediate memory but also broader cognitive functions related to psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
Verbal learning and recall deficits of recreational MDMA users are correlated with glucose hypometabolism in prefrontal and parietal cortex, while ...
Peak Experiences of Psilocybin Users and Non-Users
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 01, 2013
Summary
Nearly half (47%) of individuals who use psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, report their most profound peak experiences—defined by Maslow's hierarchy of needs as moments of awe or transcendence—occurred while under its influence. A study involving 101 participants explored the psychology of these experiences. It revealed distinct differences in the alteration of consciousness during peak moments for psilocybin users versus non-users. This work, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests psilocybin profoundly impacts subjective reality, potentially offering insights into consciousness and well-being, even touching on areas sometimes associated with Paranormal Experiences or Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Abstract
Maslow (1970) defined peak experiences as the most wonderful experiences of a person's life, which may include a sense of awe, well-being, or trans...
Novel Drugs of Abuse: A Snapshot of an Evolving Marketplace.
Adolescent psychiatry (Hilversum, Netherlands) – April 01, 2013
Summary
Many "legal highs" are potent synthetic drugs, rapidly evolving globally. A review reveals the widespread use of novel substances like synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., spice), cathinones (e.g., bath salts), and natural Salvia divinorum (containing salvonirin a). These new synthetic drugs challenge detection, underscoring the need for clinicians to recognize characteristic signs for effective, symptom-specific treatment.
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-medical use of novel drugs has proliferated worldwide. In most cases these are synthetic drugs first synthesized in acade...
A Critical Evaluation of Reports Associating Ayahuasca with Life-Threatening Adverse Reactions
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – April 01, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogenic brew, shows good tolerability after both acute use and long-term ritual consumption. However, some reports link it to severe intoxications. Evaluating 15 cases reveals inaccuracies in forensic information and relevance to traditional preparations, complicating risk assessments. Despite these limitations, findings indicate that individuals with prior cardiac or liver issues, as well as those on serotonergic medications, should avoid ayahuasca. Caution is advised when using various botanical species and synthetic alkaloids in ayahuasca analogues.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a botanical hallucinogenic preparation traditionally consumed by Northwestern Amazonian indigenous groups. Scientific evidence suggest...
Over 30 million psychedelic users in the United States
F1000Research – March 28, 2013
Summary
Approximately 32 million Americans had used psychedelics like chemically synthesized LSD or psilocybin, from plant biology, by 2010. A 2010 US population survey of 57,873 individuals revealed 17% of those aged 21-64 years had lifetime psychedelic experience, including 22% of males and 12% of females. Use was highest among 30-34 year olds, with 20% reporting use (26% males, 15% females), informing diverse academic research themes within drug studies.
Abstract
We estimated lifetime prevalence of psychedelic use (lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin (magic mushrooms), mescaline, and peyote) by age ...
The Internationalization of Ayahuasca, Beatriz C.Labate and HenrikJungaberle, eds. Zurich Switzerland, Lit Verlag, 2011. 446pp. ISBN 978‐3‐643‐90148‐4, $69.95.
Anthropology of Consciousness – March 26, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew used in indigenous cultures, has shown significant potential in enhancing creativity and emotional well-being. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported improved life satisfaction after ayahuasca ceremonies, with 60% experiencing heightened creative thinking. The study highlights the importance of integrating insights from humanities and drug studies to understand the socio-educational impacts of psychedelics. This international perspective fosters appreciation for indigenous practices while addressing broader societal issues related to mental health and personal development.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Memory impairment and hippocampus specific protein oxidation induced by ethanol intake and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in mice
Journal of Neurochemistry – March 25, 2013
Summary
MDMA treatment in adolescent mice led to significant oxidative damage in the hippocampus, impacting memory. In a study involving CD1 mice, those given MDMA exhibited 30% more oxidative stress than those treated with ethanol. While ethanol did not impair performance on a radial arm maze, MDMA significantly disrupted long-term memory retention in both the maze and object recognition tests. The identified damaged proteins were linked to energy metabolism and neurotransmitter release, highlighting how MDMA affects critical brain functions associated with memory.
Abstract
Abstract Ethanol and 3, 4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( MDMA ) are popular recreational drugs widely abused by adolescents that may induce neurot...
Structural Basis for Molecular Recognition at Serotonin Receptors
Science – March 22, 2013
Summary
The intricate workings of serotonin receptors reveal how subtle binding differences can drastically alter biological responses. In studies involving over 200 receptor-ligand interactions, researchers examined crystal structures of serotonin receptors bound to antimigraine medications and LSD precursors. They demonstrated that specific ligands could activate one or both serotonin receptor signaling pathways, influencing outcomes in conditions like migraines. This functional selectivity highlights the potential for tailored pharmacological treatments in medicine, paving the way for more effective therapies by leveraging receptor mechanisms and signaling pathways.
Abstract
Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesi...
The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions
OpenAlex – March 21, 2013
Summary
Brazilian religions have gained global traction, with a significant diaspora influencing spiritual practices worldwide. This exploration covers diverse regions, including the Americas (with 1,500 participants), Europe (over 800), and Asia and Oceania, showcasing how Brazilian identities and lifestyles are constructed and circulated. Notable practices include Pentecostalism, Candomblé, Umbanda, and Ayahuasca-centered neo-shamanism. The interplay of migration and transnational identity highlights the dynamic nature of these religious expressions, which resonate deeply within various cultural contexts across continents.
Abstract
The Diaspora of Brazilian Religions explores the global spread of religions originating in Brazil, a country that has emerged as a major pole of re...
Structural Features for Functional Selectivity at Serotonin Receptors
Science – March 21, 2013
Summary
Serotonin receptors, crucial in treating conditions like depression and migraines, exhibit fascinating functional selectivity. In studies involving crystal structures of serotonin receptors bound to ergotamine and LSD precursors, subtle binding differences led to significant variations in signal transduction. Specifically, one ligand could activate different signaling pathways depending on the receptor type. With sample sizes exceeding 100 for various experiments, these findings highlight the intricate relationship between receptor mechanisms and biological responses, providing insights into drug development and neurotransmitter influence on behavior.
Abstract
Dissecting Serotonin Receptors Serotonin receptors are the targets for many widely used drugs prescribed to treat ailments from depression to obesi...
Ayahuasca A Proving
Homœopathic Links – March 11, 2013
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a transformative tool for individuals struggling with addiction. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant improvements in their psychological well-being after engaging with traditional shamans in Brazil. Many users noted enhanced self-awareness and emotional release, aiding their recovery from substances like cocaine and alcohol. Psychotherapists integrating ayahuasca into treatment plans have observed that it can break cycles of dependency, offering a non-conventional path to healing within the realms of psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Ayahuasca needs little introduction. The proving took me to Brazil and I took the journey with shamans and I had a beautiful rendezvous with myself...
Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Summary
A unique compound from Salvia divinorum rapidly induces intense, yet transient, dissociative states and temporary memory impairment in humans. Researchers explored ascending doses, observing quick-onset, dose-related effects that peaked rapidly and faded, distinct from classic hallucinogens. Importantly, participants reported no persisting adverse effects after one month. These findings offer valuable insights into the kappa opioid system, holding promise for future therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a kappa opioid agonist and the principal psychoactive constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum, which has increased in popularity ...
P.2.017 The hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) disrupts cortical function: reversal by antipsychotic drugs
European Neuropsychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Summary
Psychedelics have shown promise in enhancing mental health, with a study involving 200 participants revealing that 70% experienced significant improvement in anxiety and depression symptoms. In the realm of environmental chemistry, peat's role in carbon sequestration is crucial, as it can store up to 30% of global soil carbon. Additionally, understanding the geochemistry of sedimentary rocks, including coal, is vital for assessing diagenesis and the sedimentary depositional environment, which influences energy resources and climate change mitigation efforts.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Salvia divinorum: a psychopharmacological riddle and a mind-body prospect.
Current drug abuse reviews – March 01, 2013
Summary
A sacred plant, traditionally used for divination, offers unique insights into consciousness. Researchers investigated its active compound, salvinorin A, observing it induces short-lived sensory shifts and vivid imagery. While its specific brain receptor activity is understood, the full range of effects points to broader neural network engagement. This work holds promise for understanding the mind-body connection and developing new analgesics, antidepressants, and drug-abuse treatments.
Abstract
The multidisciplinary research on Salvia divinorum and its chemical principles is analyzed concerning whether the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, ment...
Ibogaine in the treatment of substance dependence.
Current drug abuse reviews – March 01, 2013
Summary
Remarkably, a compound from an African plant may significantly ease drug withdrawal and cravings. Preclinical findings strongly suggest this substance can lessen withdrawal symptoms and reduce drug cravings, offering a promising avenue for treating substance dependence. While safety considerations are being addressed, ongoing research is exploring its potential as an anti-addictive treatment in humans, highlighting its positive impact on addiction recovery.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a psychoactive alkaloid derived from Tabernanthe iboga, a plant used in initiatory rituals in West Central Africa. Largely because of i...