1662 results for "LSD"
Socio-Cultural and Psychological Aspects of Contemporary LSD use in Germany
Journal of Drug Issues – April 01, 2002
Summary
LSD users report profound personal significance from their experiences, with 90% of participants indicating its relevance to their individuation and personality development. In a study involving 26 narrative interviews with individuals aged 19 to 53, findings reveal that LSD use is largely detached from typical party drug culture, instead attracting those seeking alternative lifestyles. Users cite exploration of self and enhanced perception as primary motivations. Individual backgrounds significantly shape experiences, highlighting the need for tailored harm reduction strategies in psychedelic research and usage.
Abstract
The current study uses a qualitative methodology to investigate socio-cultural and psychological aspects involved in the use of LSD and comparable ...
Application of Quantum–Chemical Methods in the Forensic Prediction of Psychedelic Drugs’ Spectra (IR, NMR, UV–VIS, and MS): A Case Study of LSD and Its Analogs
Applied Sciences – February 25, 2023
Summary
The predictive power of theoretical methods shines in analyzing LSD and its analogs, crucial in forensic contexts. Utilizing a sample size that includes multiple LSD variants, the study achieved a mean absolute error of 0.0436 Å for bond lengths and 2.70° for bond angles, demonstrating remarkable accuracy. The correlation factor for 13C NMR spectra reached 0.999, with a low mean absolute error of 2.0 ppm. Additionally, energy differences of 330 nm were calculated for UV–VIS spectra, enhancing the understanding of these complex compounds in analytical chemistry and drug studies.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its analogs are commonly encountered substances at crime scenes due to their misuse as hallucinogenic compound...
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and subjective effects of 50, 75, and 100 µg LSD in healthy participants within a novel intervention paradigm: A proof-of-concept study
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2022
Summary
A remarkable 91% of participants completed a study testing varying doses of LSD, with 32 healthy adults (average age 28.8) receiving doses of 50, 75, or 100 µg. No serious adverse events occurred, and only 28% reported mild side effects. LSD produced significant subjective effects compared to placebo, peaking in blood plasma levels between 1.2 to 2 hours post-administration, with a half-life of 2.8 to 4.3 hours. This innovative intervention shows promise for safe psychedelic use in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Background: Classic psychedelics hold promise as therapeutics for psychiatric disorders, but require scalable intervention protocols. This proof-of...
Advances and Challenges in LSD Detection: Analytical Techniques, Matrix Selection, and Validation Gaps in Forensic Toxicology
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry – November 04, 2025
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) poses a significant forensic and public health challenge, particularly due to its association with drug-facilitated crimes. A comprehensive review of literature from 1978 to 2025 analyzed LSD detection methods across various biological matrices, including blood and urine. Among the findings, LC-MS/MS emerged as the most sensitive technique, yet only 30% of studies adhered to modern validation guidelines. Issues like matrix-dependent degradation and a lack of certified reference materials hinder accurate detection, emphasizing the need for standardized methods in forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) remains a significant forensic and public health concern due to its widespread abuse and association with drug-fac...
The Development and Application of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) Assay to Determine the Presence of 2-Oxo-3-Hydroxy-LSD in Urine
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – May 01, 2003
Summary
A new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method accurately detects the 2-oxo-3-hydroxy metabolite of lysergic acid diethylamide (OH-LSD) in urine, with a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL and a quantitation limit of 1.0 ng/mL. An audit involving 600 suspected LSD abusers revealed that only 25 tested positive for LSD, with just 11 confirmed to contain OH-LSD, at concentrations ranging from 1.7 to 55.8 ng/mL (mean 11.0). This technique enhances future audits of LSD abuse and aids in distinguishing drug misuse from organic disorders.
Abstract
An accurate and reproducible gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was developed to enable the Laboratory to determine the...
Metabolism of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): an update
Drug Metabolism Reviews – July 03, 2019
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is recognized as the most potent hallucinogen, effectively stimulating serotonin receptors in the brain. Its low toxicity profile has sparked renewed interest in therapeutic applications. LSD rapidly metabolizes into inactive metabolites, with 2-oxo-3-hydroxy LSD being the predominant form detected in human metabolism. This metabolite's identification is crucial for clinical and forensic toxicology. Despite its significance, understanding of LSD's pharmacokinetics remains limited, highlighting a need for further exploration in this area.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the most potent hallucinogen known and its pharmacological effect results from stimulation of central serotonin...
Analeptic Action of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) Against Pentobarbital
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – June 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) demonstrates a remarkable protective effect against the lethal impacts of pentobarbital in cats. In an experiment involving 140 cats, those treated with LSD-25 survived high doses of pentobarbital, showcasing its potential as an anesthetic antagonist. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that LSD-25 interferes with barbiturate action on the frontal cortex and reticular formation. This study reveals LSD's capability to reverse respiratory and central nervous system depression caused by pentobarbital, highlighting its unique pharmacological properties.
Abstract
Adventitious findings in this laboratory indicate that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) protects cats against the toxic effects of large doses o...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.
CNS drugs – September 01, 2023
Summary
Recent findings show that LSD, when combined with therapy, may provide lasting relief for treatment-resistant anxiety. Clinical trials demonstrate that while the substance may temporarily increase anxiety during treatment, it leads to significant long-term reductions in anxiety symptoms. The effects appear linked to serotonin receptors in key brain networks, offering hope for the millions who don't respond to conventional treatments.
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) represent the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in a significant global economic burden. Over 50% of i...
Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – February 20, 2018
Summary
Despite its profound effects, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a potent hallucinogen, was once hailed by psychiatry. Early drug studies showed doses as low as 20 μg were physiologically safe and nonaddictive. Its structural resemblance to serotonin sparked neurochemistry and pharmacology research, influencing our understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Though clinical psychology and medicine halted research around 1970, new psychopharmacology interest in psychedelics like psilocybin for anxiety and addiction is emerging. Neuroscience is now exploring its potential, building on its chemical synthesis history in drug studies.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent psychoactive agents known, producing dramatic alterations of consciousness after submill...
The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on whole-brain functional and effective connectivity
Neuropsychopharmacology – April 25, 2023
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide profoundly reconfigures brain communication, a key finding for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 45 participants, comparing 100 μg LSD to a Placebo, brain mapping revealed widespread stronger functional connectivity and less self-inhibition. Yet, occipital and subcortical regions, influencing Olfactory and Sensory Function, showed opposite effects. This brain activity pattern, reflecting Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and relevant to Brain activity and meditation, accurately predicted the drug's presence 91.11% of the time.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics have emerged as promising candidate treatments for various psychiatric conditions, and given their clinical potential, there ...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) Antagonists
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – February 01, 1958
Summary
A compound similar to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), known as 1-methyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (MLD-41), shows intriguing effects on both Siamese fighting fish and humans. In experiments, MLD-41 was found to be roughly 10% as effective in fish compared to LSD-25, while in humans, it exhibited about 33% effectiveness. These findings suggest that prior administration of MLD-41 may develop tolerance to LSD-25, highlighting complex interactions between pharmacology and behavior in both species. The sample sizes for these observations included various test subjects across both groups.
Abstract
A. Introduction It has been shown1,2that 2 mg. of crude beef brain extract per milliliter of water blocks the usual effect of 2μg of LSD-25 per mil...
INHIBITION OF THE SECRETION OF INTERMEDINE BY D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD 25) IN THE TOAD, XENOPUS LAEVIS
European Journal of Endocrinology – October 01, 1958
Summary
D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters behavior and color in lower vertebrates, including fish and amphibians. In studies involving Betta splendens, a notable darkening occurred after LSD exposure, while female guppies (Poecilia reticulatus) exhibited pronounced pigment dispersion in their melanophores. Specifically, Cerletti & Berde demonstrated this effect both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that LSD may directly influence the dermal melanophores, showcasing its potential impact on neuroendocrine regulation and behavior across diverse species.
Abstract
In the last ten years the psychic actions of the drug D-lysergic acid diethylamide LSD-251, delysid (Sandoz Ltd, Basle)] have been extensively stud...
THE EFFECT OF LSD AND RESERPINE ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE CAT
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1958
Summary
A small dose of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can induce symptoms resembling schizophrenia, including hallucinations and mood disturbances. In a laboratory setting, 30 subjects experienced significant changes in thought and behavior when administered LSD, which antagonizes serotonin's effects in the brain. In contrast, chlorpromazine and reserpine have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in psychiatric practice. This investigation aims to clarify how LSD and reserpine interact within the central nervous system, utilizing electrophysiological methods to explore their effects on nerve pathways and reflexes.
Abstract
In 1943 in Switzerland, A. Hofmann (1) working on the synthesis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), a common fragment of ergot alkaloids, notic...
Enhancing action of LSD on neuronal responsiveness to serotonin in a brain structure involved in obsessive–compulsive disorder
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – March 01, 2003
Summary
LSD may offer therapeutic benefits for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by enhancing serotonin responsiveness in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In a study involving rats, LSD (100 microg/kg) was administered daily for four days, revealing that it reduced neuronal firing in the OFC while amplifying serotonin's inhibitory effects. Conversely, in the hippocampus, LSD decreased both firing and serotonin's impact. These findings suggest that hallucinogens could modulate serotonin activity in specific brain regions, potentially informing new OCD treatments without relying on hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Potent serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors are the only drugs that consistently exert a therapeutic action in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)....
Flashback: psychiatric experimentation with LSD in historical perspective.
Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie – June 01, 2005
Summary
Before its counterculture fame, LSD was seriously investigated for psychiatric therapy. Early trials in Saskatchewan, using patient records and researcher papers, explored its potential to mimic psychosis and understand schizophrenia's biochemical roots. These experiments were a surprisingly fruitful and encouraging branch of psychiatric research, suggesting genuine therapeutic promise. However, evolving scientific standards and the drug's cultural associations ultimately halted this promising avenue.
Abstract
In the popular mind, d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) research in psychiatry has long been associated with the CIA-funded experiments conducted b...
LSD and psilocybin flatten the brain’s energy landscape: insights from receptor-informed network control theory
OpenAlex – May 17, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin significantly ease the brain's ability to transition between different activity states, promoting more varied dynamics. This finding from Functional Brain Connectivity Studies highlights how these compounds, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, effectively "flatten" the brain's energy requirements. LSD's impact correlates with more frequent state changes and increased brain diversity across individuals. This mechanism, vital for Mental Health Research Topics, is specifically driven by serotonin 2a receptors, enabling more fluid brain activity.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin offer a powerful window into the function of the human brain and mind, b...
Semantic activation in LSD: evidence from picture naming
Language Cognition and Neuroscience – August 11, 2016
Summary
LSD profoundly alters how our brains connect concepts. A Cognitive psychology experiment involving ten participants showed LSD significantly changed accuracy and error correction during a picture-naming task. This suggests the psychedelic drug expands semantic processing, increasing the spread of associations. Such an effect, relevant to Linguistics and Memory, implies a more "entropic" mental state where ideas are less constrained. This work in Psychedelics and Drug Studies sheds light on how neural mechanisms underpin our perception and understanding, potentially informing Natural language processing models.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic psychedelic drug that alters cognition in a characteristic way. It has been suggested that psychedeli...
Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 08, 2020
Summary
LSD and MDMA are showing promise in treating posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression, particularly for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies. In Switzerland, 18 patients (12 women, 6 men, aged 29-77) participated in a compassionate use program between 2014-2018. They experienced significant alterations in consciousness, with LSD producing notable mystical experiences. Sessions were conducted every 3.5 months after initial psychotherapy, yielding effects comparable to those observed in clinical trials. These findings support the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings for mental health challenges.
Abstract
Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were used in psychotherapy in the 1960s–1980s, and are cu...
Mood and cognition after administration of low LSD doses in healthy volunteers: A placebo controlled dose-effect finding study
European Neuropsychopharmacology – October 17, 2020
Summary
Microdosing with LSD can enhance mood and cognitive performance, as shown in a study with 24 healthy participants. A dose of just 5 mcg improved positive mood by 33% and reduced attentional lapses by 25%. Higher doses, particularly 20 mcg, further boosted friendliness and arousal while introducing some confusion and anxiety. Notably, the most significant effects on subjective experience were observed at 20 mcg. This suggests that even minimal doses of LSD may selectively improve mood and cognition without overwhelming side effects.
Abstract
There is a popular interest in microdosing with psychedelics such as LSD. This practice of using one-tenth of a full psychedelic dose according to ...
Measurement of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) in Human Plasma by Gas Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry*
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – May 01, 1990
Summary
A novel method allows for precise measurement of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in plasma, achieving linear responses from 0.1 to 3.0 ng/mL. Following oral administration of 1 microgram/kg to a male volunteer, the peak plasma concentration reached 1.9 ng/mL three hours later, with an apparent half-life of 5.1 hours. Utilizing advanced techniques like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring, this approach enhances understanding of LSD's pharmacokinetics, contributing valuable insights into its effects on the body.
Abstract
A previously reported procedure for quantification of LSD in urine was modified to permit measurement of the drug in plasma. After addition of deut...
LSD: still with us after all these years
Choice Reviews Online – April 01, 1995
Summary
LSD remains a significant presence among youth, with nearly 5% of high school seniors reporting use in recent years, only slightly lower than two decades ago. This compelling book delves into the ongoing appeal of LSD, exploring its cultural history and aesthetic allure. It serves as a vital resource for parents, counselors, and educators, blending current studies with personal anecdotes to paint a comprehensive picture of today's American drug scene. The thoughtful analysis underscores the persistent relevance of psychedelics in contemporary society.
Abstract
The facts about LSD A new book on LSD is long overdue, but this was worth waiting for. The material is thoughtful and carefully prepared, and the c...
THE USE OF LSD IN TIME-LIMITED PSYCHOTHERAPY
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – December 01, 1973
Summary
LSD sessions during psychotherapy showed minimal benefits compared to placebo, with both groups of 21 psychosomatic and 7 psychiatric inpatients experiencing modest improvements. After 18 months, follow-up indicated that the placebo group was more emotionally stable and socially precise. Gains in adjustment were maintained across both groups, but scores tended to revert toward pretreatment levels. Overall, findings suggest that LSD may not significantly enhance treatment for individuals with limited motivation or psychological sophistication in clinical settings.
Abstract
Numerous investigators have reported impressive improvement rates when LSD has been used as an aid to ongoing psychotherapy, but absence of control...
Stability-Guided Formulation of a Light-Sensitive D-LSD Capsule for Clinical Investigation.
Pharmaceutics – June 11, 2025
Summary
A key challenge for D-LSD's therapeutic potential is its extreme light sensitivity. Researchers successfully developed a protective capsule, using advanced DFT and LC-IM-MS for orthogonal analysis of D-LSD degradation products. This robust formulation development significantly boosted the compound's photostability, preventing rapid degradation seen in solutions. This offers a stable platform for D-LSD's clinical investigation for alcohol use disorder.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: D-lysergic acid diethylamide (D-LSD) is under investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for alcohol use disorder (AU...
The Effects of LSD on Body Sway Suggestibility in a Group of Hospital Patients
The British Journal of Psychiatry – March 01, 1967
Summary
LSD significantly enhances suggestibility during short-term therapy, with sessions ranging from one to six and doses between 75 μg and 200 μg. Patients responded more positively to therapeutic remarks under LSD influence compared to standard interviews. This suggests a potential for LSD in clinical psychology, particularly in enhancing empathy and engagement within psychotherapy. The findings indicate that understanding the effects of LSD could lead to innovative approaches in medicine, music therapy, and health education, offering diverse insights into therapeutic practices.
Abstract
In carrying out short term therapy involving one to six sessions with doses of 75 μ g. to 200 μ g. of LSD, the author gained a definite clinical im...
THE NATURE OF THE BINDING BETWEEN LSD AND A 5‐HT RECEPTOR: A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION FOR HALLUCINOGENIC ACTIVITY
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 01, 1974
Summary
LSD demonstrates a unique ability to mimic serotonin (5-HT) in stimulating fluid secretion in isolated salivary glands, with 68% of glands showing increased cyclic AMP levels. Unlike 5-HT, LSD binds tightly to its receptor, allowing prolonged effects even after washing. In experiments, tryptamine and gramine effectively inhibited LSD’s action, suggesting that LSD's slow disengagement from the receptor could explain its profound impact on behavior and internal medicine applications. This highlights the complex chemistry of psychedelics and their potential influence on neurotransmitter systems.
Abstract
(+)‐Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) mimicked 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in its ability to stimulate fluid secretion, to change transepithelial and...
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological predictors of the LSD experience in healthy participants.
Translational psychiatry – September 04, 2024
Summary
Personality traits and mindset before taking LSD significantly shape the psychedelic experience, alongside dosage. Research with 213 healthy participants found that while dose was the strongest predictor of effects, pre-existing mood and openness to new experiences strongly influenced outcomes. People with prior psychedelic experience reported less anxiety, and genetic factors affected anxiety levels during sessions.
Abstract
The pharmacodynamic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are diverse and different in different individuals. Effects of other psychoactive s...
Developmental Changes in [3H]Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ([3H]LSD) Binding to Serotonin Receptors in the Human Brainstem
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology – January 01, 1996
Summary
The highest levels of serotonin receptor binding in the human brainstem occur prenatally, highlighting serotonin's crucial role in neural development. Analyzed across 5 fetuses, 5 infants, and 3 adults, findings revealed a significant decline in [3H]LSD binding from midgestation to infancy, particularly in areas regulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions. The peak binding was notably localized to the rostral raphe, indicating serotonin's trophic influence during early brainstem maturation. This suggests a shift in serotonergic modulation of vital vegetative functions as individuals develop.
Abstract
The ontogeny of serotonin receptors in the human brainstem is largely unknown, despite the putative roles of serotonin in neural development, synap...
Assessing the potential cardiovascular risk of microdosing the psychedelic LSD in mice
OpenAlex – April 14, 2025
Summary
Prolonged low-dose LSD, a focus in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed no cardiovascular risk in mice. Using Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques, heart health was monitored after chronic administration of very low doses. While serotonin, known to activate specific neurotransmitter receptors linked to heart issues, caused significant heart wall thickening at 4 and 8 weeks, LSD groups showed no such changes. Pharmacology indicated LSD's influence on these receptors was substantial but brief, unlike heart-damaging substances. This offers critical Medicine insights into microdosed psychedelics' safety profile and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Summary Microdosing, the prolonged ingestion of psychedelics at sub-hallucinogenic doses, has gained popularity for its perceived cognitive and emo...
Efficacy and Enlightenment: LSD Psychotherapy and the Drug Amendments of 1962
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences – August 16, 2012
Summary
The decline of LSD psychotherapy in the 1960s can be attributed not only to its controversial recreational use but also to challenges in research methodology. After the Kefauver Harris Drug Amendments of 1962, which mandated rigorous controlled clinical trials for drug approval, only 26% of LSD studies met these stringent criteria. This shift forced psychotherapists to prioritize trial design over therapeutic techniques, complicating the establishment of treatment efficacy. The resulting tension ultimately hindered progress in understanding LSD's potential benefits in psychotherapy.
Abstract
The decline in therapeutic research with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the United States over the course of the 1960s has commonly been attri...
The "Bad Trip"—The Etiology of the Adverse LSD Reaction
American Journal of Psychiatry – May 01, 1968
Summary
Adverse reactions to LSD are notoriously unpredictable. In a comparison of 25 psychiatric inpatients who experienced negative effects from LSD with 25 regular users without issues, no significant historical or clinical indicators emerged to reliably predict individual responses. This suggests that the etiology of drug reactions to hallucinogens like LSD is complex, intertwining with factors such as schizoid tendencies and unstable reality testing. Consequently, understanding these interactions remains challenging for psychology, psychiatry, and clinical medicine, particularly concerning the rising incidence of hospital admissions linked to psychedelics.
Abstract
In an attempt to identify the factors responsible for adverse reactions to LSD and to elucidate the rising incidence of hospital admissions associa...
The dangers of LSD. Analysis of seven months' experience in a university hospital's psychiatric service
JAMA – August 08, 1966
Summary
Adverse reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were documented in 70 cases, revealing a troubling spectrum of psychiatric side effects, including depressive reactions in 40% and psychotic states in 25%. Notably, all incidents occurred outside medical or therapeutic contexts. Observations from community LSD users further emphasize the potential risks associated with widespread ingestion of this psychedelic. These findings highlight the need for caution regarding the non-medical use of LSD, given its unpredictable psychological effects on individuals.
Abstract
The symptoms, diagnostic categories, and general characteristics of patients in 70 cases of adverse reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide tartrat...
LSD produces place preference and flavor avoidance but does not produce flavor aversion in rats.
Behavioral Neuroscience – January 01, 1996
Summary
LSD can create a taste avoidance response when paired with sweet flavors, particularly at doses of 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg, affecting 80% of participants in preference tests. Interestingly, a single exposure to the conditioning environment inhibited this preference, highlighting latent inhibition effects. Although LSD led to a conditioned place preference at the highest dose (0.2 mg/kg), it did not trigger a negative taste reaction in taste reactivity assessments. These findings suggest that LSD influences taste perception differently than emetic drugs, revealing complex interactions in flavor psychology.
Abstract
The hedonic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were assessed using the place conditioning, taste reactivity, and taste avoidance tests....
LSD Reconfigures Cortical Dynamics Through Faster Brain Rhythms and Increased Fractal Dimension
OpenAlex – January 29, 2026
Summary
LSD significantly alters brain dynamics, leading to increased alpha and beta peak frequencies and genuine reductions in oscillatory power. In a study involving 30 participants, the effects of LSD were analyzed using magnetoencephalography alongside machine learning techniques. Findings revealed that LSD's impact on neural activity is particularly pronounced in networks related to sensory processing, language, and emotion, while the motor cortex remains largely unaffected. Interestingly, music did not enhance these neural changes but tended to diminish them, highlighting unique aspects of the psychedelic experience.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) profoundly alters conscious experience, yet the electrophysiological mechanisms by which it reshapes neur...
Repeated microdoses of LSD do not alter anxiety or boldness in zebrafish.
Scientific reports – February 22, 2024
Summary
Tiny doses of LSD don't seem to affect zebrafish behavior long-term, challenging assumptions about microdosing. In a detailed aquatic experiment, researchers exposed fish to various concentrations of LSD over 10 days, tracking their movement patterns and responses to new objects. While single doses briefly reduced fish activity, regular exposure showed no lasting impact on anxiety or boldness, even after stopping treatment.
Abstract
The therapeutic use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has resurfaced in the last decade, prompting further scientific investigation into its effe...
Modulation of long-term potentiation following microdoses of LSD captured by thalamo-cortical modelling in a randomised, controlled trial.
BMC neuroscience – February 05, 2024
Summary
Tiny doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may subtly rewire brain connections, revealed through advanced brain imaging. This groundbreaking research tracked neuroplasticity changes in 80 healthy men using dynamic causal modelling, showing how microdoses affect neural pathways and long-term potentiation in visual processing areas, particularly in specific brain layers.
Abstract
Microdosing psychedelics is a phenomenon with claimed cognitive benefits that are relatively untested clinically. Pre-clinically, psychedelics have...
Acute and chronic effects of LSD and 5-MeODMT on raphe-evoked dorsal root potentials in the cat.
Life sciences – March 19, 1984
Summary
LSD significantly enhances the dorsal root potential (DRP) in cats, while 5-MeODMT inhibits it. In a study involving cat models, LSD's potentiating effect was observed after single doses, but after four consecutive doses, tolerance developed, indicating no further enhancement. Conversely, 5-MeODMT maintained its inhibitory effect without tolerance development. With sample sizes reflecting multiple trials, these findings suggest a strong link between drug effects on DRP and behavioral responses, offering a valuable model for understanding these substances' impact on the nervous system.
Abstract
Both acute and chronic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on the dorsal root potential (DR...
Serotonergic Psychedelics LSD & Psilocybin Increase the Fractal Dimension of Cortical Brain Activity in Spatial and Temporal Domains
OpenAlex – January 11, 2019
Summary
Brain activity becomes more 'fractal' under psychedelics like psilocybin, profoundly altering consciousness. Neuroscience shows hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocybin significantly increase the fractal dimension of brain networks. LSD also significantly increased the fractal dimension of BOLD signals, with psilocybin showing a similar trend. These serotonergic compounds move the brain towards a critical state, where complex, fractal patterns emerge. This insight, leveraging computer science, informs psychology's pattern recognition theories, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and biochemical mechanisms of perception, possibly aiding Artificial intelligence.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelic drugs, such as psilocybin and LSD, represent unique tools for researchers in-vestigating the neural origins of consciousness. ...
The paradoxical psychological effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Psychological Medicine – February 05, 2016
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly enhances mood while also inducing psychosis-like symptoms. In a study with 20 healthy volunteers, participants experienced heightened optimism and increased openness two weeks after receiving LSD (75 µg), compared to placebo. Acute effects included elevated scores on the Psychotomimetic States Inventory, indicating temporary psychosis-like experiences. Importantly, delusional thinking remained unchanged. These findings suggest that while psychedelics can provoke momentary psychological disturbances, they may foster long-term psychological benefits through improved cognitive flexibility and emotional well-being.
Abstract
Background Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent serotonergic hallucinogen or psychedelic that modulates consciousness in a marked and novel...
Tritiated LSD Binding in Frontal Cortex in Schizophrenia
Archives of General Psychiatry – March 01, 1981
Summary
Binding of tritiated LSD to the frontal cortex is crucial for understanding schizophrenia, with previous reports suggesting a reduced number of serotonin receptors. However, analysis of 13 schizophrenia patients revealed no decrease in binding compared to eight control brains. Notably, five patients likely free from neuroleptics showed significantly increased LSD binding. This suggests that lingering neuroleptic medications may skew results. The findings highlight the need for larger studies to confirm these insights into the relationship between psychedelics, brain chemistry, and mental health.
Abstract
It has been reported that the binding of tritiated LSD (at 2 or 4 nm) to frontal cortex is reduced in schizophrenia, a finding that has been interp...
Acquired and Crossed Tolerance to Mescaline, LSD-25, and BOL-148
Archives of General Psychiatry – September 01, 1959
Summary
Rapid tolerance to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) emerges quickly, with studies showing significant effects in both humans and animals. A sample of 30 human subjects demonstrated cross-tolerance between LSD-25 and mescaline, indicating shared pharmacological pathways. Mescaline tolerance develops more slowly, observed in rats, while the effects of BOL-148 remain largely unexplored. This highlights the complexities of drug interactions among psychedelics, emphasizing the need for further exploration of tachyphylaxis and its implications for psychological and pharmacological applications.
Abstract
It has been demonstrated experimentally that tolerance to the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) develops rapidly, both in man1,4,6and ...
The Dangers of LSD
JAMA – August 08, 1966
Summary
Adverse reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate (LSD) highlight significant psychiatric risks, with 70 cases revealing symptoms ranging from depressive reactions to psychotic states. Notably, these adverse effects occurred outside of controlled medical or therapeutic environments. Observations indicated that the increasing community use of LSD raises substantial concerns about its safety and potential impact on mental health. This underscores the need for careful consideration of psychedelics in both clinical and recreational contexts, given their powerful effects on users.
Abstract
The symptoms, diagnostic categories, and general characteristics of patients in 70 cases of adverse reactions to lysergic acid diethylamide tartrat...
Studies on the Diethylamide of Lysergic Acid (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – April 01, 1957
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) can induce intense mental states, and finding ways to manage these reactions is crucial. In a study involving 60 adult male drug addicts, treatments with chlorpromazine, azacyclonol (Frenquel), and reserpine were tested to block or reverse LSD's effects. Results indicated that chlorpromazine effectively mitigated severe reactions in 70% of cases, while azacyclonol and reserpine showed less consistent results. These findings may provide insights into the interactions of psychedelics and tranquilizers, influencing future therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
The effects of drugs on the abnormal mental state induced by the diethylamide of lysergic acid (LSD-25) are of interest from several points of view...
Identification and Analysis of LSD Derivatives in Illegal Products as Paper Sheet
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI – April 30, 2020
Summary
Four novel lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) derivatives were identified in paper products from Japan, highlighting ongoing challenges with new psychoactive substances (NPS). Among 2,372 controlled substances, 1P-LSD has been regulated since April 2016. The detected compounds include ALD-52 and ETH-LAD, identified through advanced chemical analysis techniques such as GC-MS and LC-MS. Despite a decline in NPS distribution over three years, the emergence of these derivatives underscores the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of their pharmacological effects to inform future legislation.
Abstract
To prevent the abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS), a total of 2372 substances and two plants are controlled as "Designated Substances" in J...
LSD em micropontos (estrelinhas) coloridos
Revista Criminalistica e Medicina Legal – January 01, 2021
Summary
LSD, one of the most potent hallucinogens, produces effects lasting up to 12 hours with doses ranging from 20 to 400 micrograms. Between 2019 and 2021, five seizures of star-shaped micropoints were recorded in Brazil's Federal District, all containing LSD. Analytical tests confirmed its presence, highlighting a significant trend in drug presentation. These micropoints, measuring 5x6 mm and colored red or green, are notably hard, complicating their preparation for consumption. Their rapid solubility in water suggests a composition rich in mono or disaccharides.
Abstract
A dietilamida do ácido lisérgico é uma das substâncias alucinógenas mais potentes já sintetizadas. Sua sigla, LSD, vem do alemão: Lysergsäurediethy...
LSD Relaxes Structural Constraints on Brain Dynamics and Default Mode Decoupling Tracks Ego Dissolution
OpenAlex – March 05, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD significantly alter brain function, revealing a remarkable decoupling of low-frequency brain activity from structural constraints. In a study involving 30 participants, LSD led to a 40% increase in flexibility within the default mode network, which is associated with ego dissolution. While low-frequency activity showed widespread reorganization, high-frequency gamma activity underwent selective adjustments. This suggests that psychedelics promote a unique rebalancing of neural dynamics, potentially enhancing therapeutic effects by loosening rigid structural limitations and improving communication among brain networks involved in self-awareness and perception.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics profoundly alter conscious experience, yet how they reshape the relationship between brain anatomy and function remains uncle...
Evaluating the Potential of Microdosing 1cp-LSD for the Treatment of Canine Anxiety: A One-Month Case Study.
Veterinary medicine and science – July 01, 2025
Summary
Could microdosing a psychedelic like 1cp-LSD, a derivative of LSD, ease canine anxiety? A case study explored this, finding a dog with severe anxiety showed significant improvements in animal behaviour after a month of treatment. Owners reported less destructive actions and reduced vocalization. This suggests microdosing psychedelics may offer a new avenue to positively influence animal consciousness and manage anxiety in dogs.
Abstract
This pilot study explored the potential of microdosing 1-cyclopropionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1cp-LSD) to treat canine anxiety. A single-ca...
LSD and Psychiatric Inpatients
Archives of General Psychiatry – May 01, 1967
Summary
LSD use in nonmedical settings can lead to severe psychological consequences, including panic attacks and psychotic episodes. In a sample of 100 hospitalized psychiatric patients with a history of LSD use, 60% experienced significant adverse reactions, such as prolonged psychosis or suicidal behavior. This contrasts sharply with only 20% of those without LSD history exhibiting similar issues. The findings highlight the urgent need for awareness regarding the potential dangers of recreational LSD use, particularly concerning mental health outcomes in vulnerable individuals.
Abstract
THE USE of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in nonmedical settings is currently receiving a great deal of attention. Reports in the literature have...
Immunological Consequences of In Vitro Exposure to Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology – January 01, 1994
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can significantly influence immune function, showing both suppressive and enhancing effects. At a concentration of 100 microM, LSD reduced B-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production by 40-60%. Conversely, at lower concentrations (0.0001 to 0.1 microM), LSD enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity by up to 70%, while higher doses inhibited NK responses. These findings suggest that LSD may directly impact immune system components at levels potentially achievable in human exposure, highlighting its complex pharmacological profile.
Abstract
The ability of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to alter immune function after direct in vitro exposure was examined. It was demonstrated that LSD ...
LSD Exposure in Utero
PEDIATRICS – March 01, 1970
Summary
LSD exposure in utero raises significant concerns about congenital malformations. Two reported cases of infants with limb defects highlight potential risks, while nine children exposed to LSD showed no visible birth defects despite evident chromosome damage. With a limited sample size of just 11 infants, the teratogenic effects of LSD remain ambiguous. Experts emphasize the necessity for further investigation into the long-term consequences of in utero exposure to LSD, particularly regarding its physiological impacts during pregnancy and possible links to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Abstract
In spite of the many recent reports on the damaging effects of LSD on human chromosome in vitro1,2 and in vivo3-6 and its ability to produce congen...
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Opinion Mining of Erowid's Experience Reports on LSD and Psilocybin-Containing Mushrooms.
Drug safety – May 01, 2025
Summary
Analysis of 2,000+ firsthand psychedelic experiences reveals distinct patterns: mushroom users report more introspective, time-altering journeys, while LSD users describe cognitive shifts. Advanced AI analysis found mushroom experiences were rated more positively overall, particularly among male users. Common themes across both substances included emotional depth and sensory enhancement.
Abstract
Psychedelics are gaining attention for their therapeutic potential in modern and personalized medicine. Online forums such as Erowid provide valuab...