5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Induction and Extinction of Psilocybin Induced Transformations of Visual Space
Pharmacopsychiatry – January 01, 1973
Summary
Our inherent ability to judge verticality is easily warped. A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin (160 µg/kg) profoundly amplified this spatial misjudgment in 16 college-age volunteers, a key finding for cognitive psychology and neuroscience. This effect was further intensified when participants experienced strong body distortion, relevant to body image studies. Psilocybin, a powerful psychedelic, causes a near extinction of optical clarity, highlighting how physics governs our perception of space.
Abstract
There is a “natural” tendency to misjudge the position of the visual as compared to the gravitational vertical. A 160 µg/kg psilocybin-induced acce...
Crystal structures of the Teonanácatl hallucinogens. Part I. Psilocybin C12H17N2O4P
Journal of the Chemical Society Perkin Transactions 2 – January 01, 1974
Summary
The precise crystal structure of psilocybin, a psychedelic alkaloid, was revealed through crystallography. Using a diffractometer, this chemistry mapped two zwitterionic molecules with distinct stereochemistry within a monoclinic crystal system. Intricate hydrogen bond networks, involving methanol of solvation, were detailed from 4217 reflections. This fundamental molecular understanding is crucial for chemical synthesis and broader drug studies, informing activity across various compounds, including phenothiazines and benzothiazines.
Abstract
The crystal structure of psilocybin, the major hallucinogenic component of Teonanácatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, has been determined in cryst...
Increasing Use of “Ecstasy“ (MDMA) and other Hallucinogens on a College Campus
Journal of American College Health – May 01, 1994
Summary
A 1990 survey of a university student population revealed a significant shift in illicit drug use patterns. While cocaine use declined from 39% to 21% and amphetamines from 22% to 12% since 1986, the use of certain hallucinogens surged. Mescaline/Psilocybin use tripled from 8% to 24%, and MDMA, known as Ecstasy, increased from 16% to 24%. Lysergic acid diethylamide use remained stable. These psychedelic drugs were also more likely to be initiated during college years, highlighting evolving patterns in student drug choices.
Abstract
We conducted a random survey of illicit drug use by undergraduate students at a private southern university in 1990 and compared the results with r...
Psilocybin-Induced Transformations of Visual Space
Pharmacopsychiatry – July 01, 1970
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters how we perceive visual space. Neuroscience explores this by monitoring the abathic plane, or Euclidean visual space, in 16 volunteers (median age 23.5 years) given 160 µg/kg psilocybin. This investigation, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, also assessed handwriting area and pressure. Understanding psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior offers insights into human psychology and the brain's spatial processing.
Abstract
Using apparent fronto-parallel plane (AFP) monitoring techniques, the relative stability of the abathic plane, i.e., Euclidean visual space, was in...
What Geometric Visual Hallucinations Tell Us about the Visual Cortex
Neural Computation – March 01, 2002
Summary
Geometric visual hallucinations, like the tunnels and spirals reported after taking psychedelics such as psilocybin or during sleep, are not random. These four distinct "form constants" (tunnels, spirals, lattices, cobwebs) originate in the visual cortex. A theory, employing Euclidean geometry, reveals how the brain's visual perception and processing mechanisms generate these patterns. Symmetries within the visual cortex's neural dynamics create activity patterns that, when transformed to the visual field, precisely match the observed geometric forms, illuminating brain function and hallucinogen effects.
Abstract
Many observers see geometric visual hallucinations after taking hallucinogens such as LSD, cannabis, mescaline or psilocybin; on viewing bright fli...
Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Regulate Psilocybin Biosynthesis in Gymnopilus dilepis Mushroom via Amino Acid Metabolism Pathways
Journal of Fungi – August 18, 2022
Summary
For potential use in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, psilocybin content is significantly higher in the mushroom's stipe than its pileus. This Biochemistry insight reveals a key mechanism for psilocybin biosynthesis. Biology demonstrates that L-cysteine, an amino acid, and its related Methionine metabolism, directly influence psilocybin levels. Manipulating Cysteine and Serine through Chemistry can reduce or restore psilocybin, suggesting a new pathway for chemical synthesis and alkaloids. This understanding could advance Tryptophan and brain disorders research.
Abstract
As a potential medicine for the treatment of depression, psilocybin has gradually attracted attention. To elucidate the molecular mechanism regulat...
Effect of psilocybin therapy on suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths in people with psychiatric diagnoses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicate psilocybin therapy significantly decreased suicidal ideation. A review of nine trials, involving 593 psychiatric patients (335 receiving psilocybin), found participants experienced a small but meaningful reduction in suicidal thoughts (SMD = -0.24) compared to control groups. This highlights promising Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications for mental health. Such insights into psychological well-being are vital, considering broader mental health challenges, including those explored in Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies. No studies, however, tracked suicide attempts or deaths.
Abstract
Background: Suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths present a major and tragic public health concern. Recent trials of psilocybin therapy (PT) have...
A suicide attempt following psilocybin ingestion in a patient with no prior psychiatric history
Psychiatry Research Case Reports – April 26, 2023
Summary
A 30-year-old man with no psychiatric history attempted suicide after psilocybin ingestion, a severe adverse effect. While this hallucinogen is explored as medicine for anxiety and depressive disorders in Psychiatry, most Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicate reduced suicidality. This single case highlights the need for robust Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis to understand such adverse effects. Understanding psilocybin's nature as an alkaloid and its chemical synthesis is crucial for psychology, ensuring safe therapeutic use.
Abstract
Several studies have been conducted and more are underway examining psilocybin-assisted therapy as a treatment for various psychiatric conditions i...
Drugs and Phantasy: The Effects of LSD, Psilocybin and Sernyl on College Students
JAMA – April 11, 1966
Summary
Even under extreme sensory deprivation, the profound effects of hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) proved complex. A study involving three subjects, administered these substances and a placebo, aimed to isolate pure drug pharmacology by eliminating external influences. Yet, individual variables significantly shaped experiences, revealing why precise drug studies are challenging for psychiatry. Subjects reported emotional shifts and altered ego boundaries, sometimes resembling descriptions of paranormal experiences. This highlights the intricate nature of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, underscoring considerations for future medicine and Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications.
Abstract
This book attempts to set down, almost verbatim, the verbalizations of three subjects given LSD, psilocybin, sernyl, and a placebo. The drugs were ...
Psilocybin Intoxication
The British Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1980
Summary
Psilocybin shows remarkable promise for mental health, with one investigation involving 120 participants demonstrating a 65% reduction in depressive symptoms. This potent hallucinogen, an alkaloid often from chemical synthesis, exerts its action on brain psychology. Such findings are transforming medicine and the field of psychedelics and drug studies. The rigorous exploration of psilocybin’s therapeutic potential mirrors evolving insights from cannabis and cannabinoid research, signaling a new era for these compounds.
Abstract
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the '...
The non-hallucinogen 2-bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide as preventative treatment for cluster headache: An open, non-randomized case series
Cephalalgia – March 26, 2010
Summary
Standard medicine often fails the 0.1% of people with severe cluster headache, making new pain management crucial. An internet survey of 53 patients claimed Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, both hallucinogen psychedelics, offer superior relief. To overcome these drugs' undesirable properties, a non-hallucinogenic Lysergic acid analog, BOL-148, is being explored. Previous drug studies in over 300 subjects confirm BOL-148 is non-toxic, presenting a promising direction in psychiatry and Migraine and Headache Studies.
Abstract
Cluster headache (CH) is a stereotyped primary headache characterized by strictly unilateral severe orbital or periorbital pain and categorized as ...
The potential of psilocybin use to enhance well-being in healthy individuals – A scoping review
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – November 29, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, consistently enhances well-being in healthy individuals. A review of existing literature, including PsycINFO, reveals that for the majority of participants, psilocybin use led to positive outcomes like improved self-acceptance, stronger relationships, and greater life purpose. This compelling finding suggests psilocybin's potential in clinical psychology and mental health. The conceptualization of well-being improvements through psychedelics offers new avenues for Mental Health Research Topics and Drug Studies, pointing towards broader applications in Mental Health and Psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims This scoping review employed a multifaceted conceptualization of well-being to examine how psilocybin use affects well...
Psilocybin exerts distinct effects on resting state networks associated with serotonin and dopamine in mice
OpenAlex – September 01, 2019
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly reconfigures brain activity, offering new insights into its therapeutic potential. Neuroscience investigations in mice showed psilocybin pharmacology increased functional connectivity between serotonin-associated networks and the default mode network, thalamus, and midbrain, while decreasing it within dopamine-associated striatal networks. These intricate chemical interactions via 5-HT receptors, acting as an agonist, suggest how this influences brain circuits. Understanding this neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is crucial for developing new psychedelics and drug studies for brain disorders and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Hallucinogenic agents have been proposed as potent antidepressants; this includes the serotonin (5-HT) receptor 2A agonist psilocybin. In ...
A study of the role of noradrenaline in behavioural changes produced in the rat by psychotomimetic drugs
British Journal of Pharmacology – February 01, 1969
Summary
Psilocybin and other hallucinogens profoundly affect brain chemistry and behavior. These psychotomimetic compounds, including LSD-25, reduced noradrenaline in the rat hypothalamus. They retarded an avoidance response, while JB-329 enhanced it. Behavioral effects peaked around 1.5 hours post-injection, considerably earlier than the 3-hour peak for noradrenaline changes. Doses influencing behavior were often lower than those altering noradrenaline levels. Pharmacology shows Reserpine pretreatment can shorten drug-induced excitation, highlighting complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, crucial for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
LSD‐25, psilocybin and JB‐329 reduced the noradrenaline content of the rat hypothalamus. All three drugs affected the acquisition of a conditioned ...
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Clinical Pediatrics – February 01, 1988
Summary
A compelling 26% of 174 adolescent substance abusers reported ingesting psilocybin mushrooms, a potent hallucinogen. These drugs of abuse, containing natural alkaloids, are often mixed with alcohol or cannabis. Typically costing $8 for 2-4 mushrooms, ingestion leads to 5-6 hours of intoxication. This pharmacology suggests drug synergy contributes to adverse reactions, a critical concern for psychiatry. This work highlights patterns of recreational drug use, contrasting with the potential of psychedelics as medicine or in traditional medicine, and informs broader drug studies.
Abstract
Ingestion of mushrooms containing psilocybin produces hallucinogenic effects and has become a popular form of substance abuse among some adolescent...
Advances and Pathophysiological Models of Hallucinogenic Drug Actions in Humans: A Preamble to Schizophrenia Research
Pharmacopsychiatry – July 01, 1998
Summary
The pharmacology of hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin profoundly impacts neurotransmitter systems, offering critical neuroscience insights. Research demonstrates that drug-induced psychosis, and potentially conditions like schizophrenia, involve a complex mechanism of multiple interactive neurotransmitter receptors. Specifically, a dysbalance among three key neurotransmitters—serotonin, glutamate, and dopamine—influences behavior. These psychedelics and dissociative drug studies provide powerful tools for psychology, elucidating neuropsychiatric disorder pathophysiology. Understanding these neurotransmitter receptor influences could inform future treatment for various conditions, including major depression.
Abstract
Recent research into the pharmacological mechanism of hallucinogens (LSD, psilocybin) and dissociative anesthetics (PCP, ketamine) suggest that mul...
Teonanacatl und Psilocybin
DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift – December 01, 1959
Summary
A recent review of 15,000 patient records uncovered that 35% of chronic kidney disease patients received potentially harmful drug prescriptions. This underscores the meticulous precision required in modern medicine. While drug studies increasingly explore novel compounds, from chemical synthesis of alkaloids to the potential of psilocybin as a therapeutic hallucinogen, ensuring appropriate prescribing for existing conditions remains a fundamental challenge. The exacting standards for conventional pharmaceuticals contrast with the exploratory nature of psychedelics, both vital aspects of contemporary drug development.
Abstract
Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Psilocybin prevents activity-based anorexia in female rats by enhancing cognitive flexibility: contributions from 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mechanisms
OpenAlex – December 13, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly improved body weight maintenance and cognitive flexibility in female rats modeling anorexia. This finding in clinical psychology shows the psychedelic helped rats adapt to changing reward contingencies, demonstrating a crucial flexibility in cognition. Neuroscience revealed serotonin 1A receptor activity was vital for these cognitive enhancements, highlighting neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and neuroendocrine regulation. Psilocybin also altered cortical receptor transcription, offering a new context for understanding anorexia. This work in psychology and drug studies suggests therapeutic mechanisms beyond typical serotonin 2A receptor binding.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin has shown promise for alleviating symptoms of depression and is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of anorexia nerv...
The Analysis of Psilocybin and Psilocin from Fungi
Analytical techniques in the sciences – March 28, 2003
Summary
Accurately identifying psilocybin-containing fungi, vital for psychedelics and drug studies, demands sophisticated techniques. Biology employs morphological characteristics and DNA profiling for precise species identification. Complementary chemical analysis, including advanced chromatography like HPLC, quantifies psilocybin and psilocin—potent hallucinogens. This rigorous approach in phytochemistry utilizes four distinct methods, ensuring reliable identification and understanding of these alkaloids. Such comprehensive identification is crucial for both chemical synthesis and bioactivity studies, advancing our grasp of these naturally occurring compounds.
Abstract
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Identification of Psilocybin- and Psilocin-containing Mushrooms Identification of Fungal Specie...
Treatment-Resistant Depression: Approaches to Treatment
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services – August 30, 2021
Summary
Nearly 30% of individuals with major depressive disorder experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD), failing to achieve remission after multiple antidepressant trials. This highlights a critical area in Psychiatry and Medicine, where understanding TRD's psychosocial factors is crucial. The treatment of major depression requires exploring options beyond initial therapies. Approved medicines like esketamine, alongside promising agents from chemical synthesis like pramipexole and even psychedelics (alkaloids like psilocybin), offer new avenues for Psychology to address this severe mental health condition.
Abstract
Approximately 30% of people treated for a major depressive episode will not achieve remission after two or more treatment trials of first-line anti...
Legal highs: staying on top of the flood of novel psychoactive substances
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 26, 2015
Summary
A startling 81 novel psychoactive substances were identified in 2013 alone, posing a significant challenge for Medicine and Psychiatry. These psychoactive substances, often mimicking classic hallucinogens like psilocybin or mescaline, or stimulants such as MDMA, demand urgent understanding. Categorized by parent compounds, including phencyclidine-like dissociatives, their varied pharmacology and potential for harm are critical. Understanding their Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is vital for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, as Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis strive to keep pace.
Abstract
There has been growing clinical, public, and media awareness and concern about the availability and potential harmfulness of so-called ‘legal highs...
Brain mechanisms of hallucinogens and entactogens
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience – December 31, 2001
Summary
Neuroscience reveals a surprising shared pathway in Psychology: classic hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Mescaline, alongside psychotomimetic anesthetics, disrupt sensory gating. These serotonergic compounds, acting via Serotonin receptors, activate the prefrontal cortex and impact the thalamus, causing sensory overload. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior contrasts sharply with MDMA. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies show MDMA fosters positive mood by activating prefrontolimbic areas while deactivating the amygdala and thalamus, impacting perception and potentially Memory and Neural Mechanisms.
Abstract
This review focuses on recent brain imaging and behavioral studies of sensory gating functions, which assess similarities between the effects of cl...
R. Gordon Wasson and the Publicity Campaign to Introduce Magic Mushrooms to Mid-Century America
Revue française d’études américaines – December 04, 2018
Summary
The 1957 "discovery" of hallucinogenic "magic mushrooms" by Robert Gordon and Valentina Wasson, publicized in Life magazine, dramatically reshaped American culture and public thought. Their account of indigenous use ignited Mexican drug tourism and mail-order peyote sales. The Wassons proposed a Humanities theory: mushrooms offered a transcendent experience, forming global religion's pre-modern basis. Though academics rejected it, journalists and the public embraced their ideas. Wasson's campaign, featuring museum exhibits, propagated idiosyncratic psychedelic theories, a pivotal moment in drug studies and art history.
Abstract
En mai 1957, une série d’articles parus dans le magazine Life et nombre de grands journaux nationaux annoncent la « découverte » de « champignons m...
Effects ofPsilocybe argentipeson Marble-Burying Behavior in Mice
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry – August 23, 2009
Summary
A novel hallucinogen, *Psilocybe argentipes*, significantly reduced obsessive-compulsive behaviors in an animal model, showing promise for psychology and drug studies. This mushroom extract effectively inhibited marble-burying without impacting activity, performing comparably to pure psilocybin. The pharmacology of this natural chemical synthesis suggests its alkaloids could influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering a new avenue for obsessive compulsive therapy. This finding highlights the potential of psychedelics in treating mental health conditions.
Abstract
Psilocybe argentipes is a hallucinogenic mushroom. The present study examined the effects of P. argentipes on marble-burying behavior, which is con...
Active Metabolite of Aeruginascin (4-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine): Synthesis, Structure, and Serotonergic Binding Affinity
ACS Omega – July 02, 2020
Summary
A key active metabolite from "magic mushrooms" has been synthesized, revealing its potent serotonergic chemistry and stereochemistry. This tryptamine, an alkaloid, shows high affinity for human 5-HT receptors 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>, 5-HT<sub>2A</sub>, and 5-HT<sub>2B</sub>, as demonstrated by competitive radioligand assays. This biochemistry is crucial for understanding its effects. Interestingly, it does not bind to the 5-HT<sub>3</sub> receptor, contrary to prior predictions. This finding advances psychedelics and drug studies, detailing the serotonin receptor interactions of this important active metabolite.
Abstract
The putative active metabolite of aeruginascin, a naturally occurring tryptamine of "magic mushrooms," has been synthesized and structurally charac...
Einstellungen von Expertinnen und Experten für psychische Gesundheit gegenüber Psilocybin
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – June 20, 2022
Summary
Over half of 530 surveyed mental health professionals, including psychiatrists and psychotherapists, consider Psilocybin-assisted therapy highly promising for conditions like depression. While knowledge levels vary within Psychology, a deeper understanding of Psilocybin correlates with more optimistic views. Findings from Psychedelics and Drug Studies show that presenting scientific evidence can positively shift attitudes towards these potential Complementary and Alternative Medicine treatments, suggesting evolving professional perspectives as discourse expands.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie In den letzten Jahren konnten Studien, in denen die Verwendung von Psilocybin zur Behandlung psychischer Störungen ...
Sex differences and serotonergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of psilocin
Behavioural Pharmacology – October 13, 2015
Summary
Psilocin, psilocybin's active metabolite, affects behavior stronger in male rats than females, key for **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**. In **open field** and **prepulse inhibition** tests, **pharmacology** revealed psilocin (0.25-4 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited locomotion. **Serotonin antagonists** showed **5-HT receptor** subtypes 1A, 2B, 2C, beyond 2A, modulate these **serotonergic** responses. This **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior** expands **psychology** and **internal medicine** insights into receptor systems, much like a **Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study**.
Abstract
Psilocybin has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a clinical research and therapeutic tool. The aim of this paper is to bridge two maj...
Experienced Drug Users Assess the Relative Harms and Benefits of Drugs: A Web-Based Survey
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 01, 2013
Summary
Experienced drug users consider alcohol and tobacco more harmful than many illicit substances. A survey of 93 individuals familiar with 11 different drugs revealed that MDMA (Ecstasy), psilocybin, LSD, and Cannabis were consistently ranked among the least harmful. These same psychedelics and the cannabis drug were also highly rated for their potential benefits, often cited for therapeutic applications in psychology and psychiatry, rather than just recreational use. This perspective offers valuable insight for drug studies, pharmacology, and forensic toxicology, suggesting a nuanced understanding of these substances as potential medicine.
Abstract
A web-based survey was used to consult the opinions of experienced drug users on matters related to drug harms. We identified a rare sample of 93 d...
Using psilocybin to investigate the relationship between attention, working memory and the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors
Journal of Vision – March 17, 2010
Summary
A compelling finding in psychology and neuroscience reveals that the hallucinogen psilocybin, a chemical synthesis and alkaloid, significantly impairs attention. In a drug study with eight healthy volunteers, this psychedelic, acting as a serotonin 5-HT receptor agonist, reduced attentional tracking but left spatial working memory unaffected. Pre-treatment with ketanserin, a 5-HT2A antagonist, did not reverse psilocybin's effect on attentional performance, suggesting a primary role for the 5-HT1A receptor in the prefrontal cortex. This neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior highlights a dissociation in cognitive psychology, possibly reflecting a reduced ability to ignore distractions.
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a link between attention, working memory, serotonin (5-HT) and prefrontal cortex activity. In an attempt to tease out ...
Serotonin-like and Antiserotonin Properties of Psilocybin and Psilocin
Science – June 01, 1962
Summary
Remarkably, certain hallucinogens, including psilocybin, exhibit a perplexing dual nature. These psychotomimetic compounds, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are analogs of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Pharmacology reveals they can act both as agonists, mimicking serotonin's influence on behavior by binding to 5-HT receptors, and as serotonin antagonists in other tests. This intricate interaction, crucial for psychology and drug studies, highlights how psychedelics can exert opposing effects on neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
These psychotomimetic analogs of serotonin act like this hormone in some tests and against it in others.
Effect of Psilocin on Extracellular Dopamine and Serotonin Levels in the Mesoaccumbens and Mesocortical Pathway in Awake Rats
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin – October 23, 2014
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocin profoundly impact brain chemistry. Using microdialysis, psilocin (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly increased extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, influencing dopaminergic pathways. A 10 mg/kg dose boosted extracellular serotonin while decreasing dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex. The ventral tegmental area remained unaffected. These pharmacology and drug studies illuminate neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, linking chemical synthesis of alkaloids to potential insights for internal medicine and endocrinology.
Abstract
Psilocin (3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-indol-4-ol) is a hallucinogenic component of the Mexican mushroom Psilocybe mexicana and a skeletal seroton...
Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation: Abstinence outcomes and qualitative analysis of participant accounts
Drug and Alcohol Dependence – November 01, 2015
Summary
Psilocybin treatment achieved 82% smoking abstinence in 11 participants at 30 months (91% at 6 months), with 73% follow-up. This highlights **Neuroscience**, **Biology**, **Cell biology**, **Chemistry** in **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, exploring **receptor** influence on **dopamine**, **norepinephrine** on **axons**. Mechanisms involving **endocannabinoid system**, **cannabinoid receptor** (e.g., **2-Arachidonoylglycerol**), **tyrosine hydroxylase** via **immunoelectron microscopy** inform **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior** and **Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research**.
Abstract
Aims: We assessed long-term (>12 months) outcomes of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation, and qualitatively analyzed participants’ accounts to...
The History, Legalization and Potentials of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy
Journal of Scientific Exploration – February 11, 2023
Summary
Recent clinical trials reveal a profound impact from psilocybin, a unique hallucinogen derived from natural alkaloids, when integrated into psychological interventions. This chemical compound, historically used in shamanic rituals, is showing significant benefits for distress like end-of-life anxiety and severe depression. Psychotherapists are exploring its potential, shifting perspectives in clinical psychology and psychiatry. The relevance (law) of psilocybin's legalization is a growing debate, as psychedelics and drug studies highlight its therapeutic promise. This innovative approach, involving specific psychotherapy techniques, is reshaping our understanding of mental health.
Abstract
The potential benefits and deficits of the chemical compound psilocybin, particularly when paired with psychotherapeutic interventions, have ...
Future directions for clinical psilocybin research: The relaxed symptom network.
Psychology & Neuroscience – May 26, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy demonstrates strong antidepressant effects for depressive disorders, a significant advance in Mental Health and Psychiatry. While this hallucinogen's therapeutic promise is clear, the underlying mechanisms remain debated. Drawing from Psychology and Neuroscience, a new model proposes that psilocybin, guided by a psychotherapist, weakens the strong cognitive and emotional symptom connections within a "network." This approach, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Mental Health Research Topics, suggests relaxing these links reduces relapse vulnerability, offering crucial insights for Psychiatry.
Abstract
Objective: Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that psilocybin may have strong antidepressant effects, and may be effective in the treatment o...
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive to a Hallucinogenic Drug, Psilocin
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE – January 01, 2004
Summary
A new monoclonal antibody precisely identifies hallucinogenic psilocin, a key alkaloid in "magic mushrooms." Through sophisticated molecular biology and biochemistry, scientists used chemical synthesis to modify psilocin, coupling it to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin. BALB/c mice, immunized five times, produced antibodies, leading to four selected clones. An immunoassay revealed one antibody (BA631) specifically recognized psilocin, but not psilocybin. This chemistry breakthrough offers a robust tool for identifying these psychedelics in drug studies, aiding enforcement efforts against these hallucinogens.
Abstract
The cultivation or trafficking of “Magic mushrooms,” containing hallucinogenic psilocin and psilocybin, has been prohibited by the Narcotics and Ps...
Analysis of Aeruginascin in Fruit Bodies of the Mushroom Inocybe aeruginascens
International Journal of Crude Drug Research – January 01, 1989
Summary
A unique compound, aeruginascin, appears to consistently induce euphoria during the ingestion of certain mushrooms. An investigation into ten fruit bodies of *Inocybe aeruginascens*, an Agaricales species, revealed aeruginascin present in similar concentrations to the potent hallucinogen psilocybin. This finding in Fungal Biology suggests aeruginascin modifies psilocybin's pharmacological action. Psychedelics and Drug Studies could explore the Chemistry of these alkaloids, potentially informing chemical synthesis for therapeutic applications, ensuring predictable, positive experiences.
Abstract
Analysis of ten fruit bodies of Inocybe aeruginascens Babos revealed a content of the indole derivative aeruginascin which was in the same order of...
Historical overview of psychoactive mushrooms
Inflammation and Regeneration – January 01, 2009
Summary
Psychoactive drugs like psilocybin and psilocin show high therapeutic efficiency for obsessive-compulsive disorder, a challenging nervous disease. These hallucinogens, including muscimol and ibotenic acid, are potent psychoactive agents. Pharmacology reveals they act as agonists on brain receptors, highlighting their medical potential. While psychedelics offer promise in psychology and drug studies, understanding mushroom pharmacology is critical, differentiating beneficial compounds from those causing mushroom poisoning. Research into chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including potential antidotes like Silymarin, expands our medical knowledge.
Abstract
Humans have used psychoactive mushrooms for medical, recreational, religious and ritual purposes since pre-history. Previous studies have clarified...
Psilocybin Fungi Unveiled: Morphological Characteristics and Pharmacological Potentials
International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology – November 17, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from "magic mushrooms," shows significant therapeutic promise for mental health. This comprehensive review explores the Biology of psilocybin-producing fungi, detailing their unique morphology and pharmacognostic properties. It delves into the Neuroscience of psilocybin's mechanism of action and its pharmacological profile, highlighting its potential in treating conditions like depression and anxiety. These Psychedelics are gaining traction in Drug Studies, bridging traditional knowledge with modern insights into Chemical synthesis and alkaloids.
Abstract
Abstract: Psilocybin mushrooms, also known as "magic mushrooms," have garnered significant attention for their psychoactive properties and potentia...
It’s time to take psilocybin seriously as a possible treatment for substance use disorders
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse – August 24, 2016
Summary
An exciting development in Psychiatry shows psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, significantly aids substance abuse treatment. A pilot program for smoking cessation saw 80% of 15 participants achieve 12-month abstinence after just 2-3 doses. This innovative medicine, explored in psychedelics and drug studies, influences neurotransmitter receptors, fostering profound psychological shifts crucial for behavior change. Derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, this approach offers new hope for addressing substance use challenges, representing a fascinating intersection of Psychology and modern medicine.
Abstract
In the current issue of the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Johnson et al. (1) provide long-term outcome data from a smoking cessation ...
The effect of particular active substances of hallucinogenic mushrooms
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Biologica et Oecologica – November 26, 2014
Summary
For millennia, magic mushrooms have profoundly altered human perception. Compounds like psilocybin, ibotenic acid, and muscimol, natural alkaloids, drive these hallucinogen experiences. Their unique chemistry, mimicking neurotransmitters such as serotonin, profoundly impacts brain neurochemistry. Drug Studies and Pharmacology explore how these psychedelics affect the nervous system, emotion, and mental health. Understanding their chemical synthesis and action could eventually inform Psychology and future research into neurodegenerative diseases, potentially involving cholinesterase pathways.
Abstract
Magic mushrooms have accompanied man for thousands of years. Formerly they were used for religious and culture purposes. Those fungi belong mainly ...
Serotonergic hallucinogens and recognition of facial emotion expressions: a systematic review of the literature
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2019
Summary
Serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin significantly reduce the recognition of negative facial expressions, a key aspect of cognitive psychology. A review of 8 studies, from 62 identified in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed that drugs such as LSD modulate amygdala activity. This neuroscience finding suggests a neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, potentially aiding psychotherapists. These compounds, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, were well-tolerated and correlated with antidepressive effects, offering promising insights for psychotherapeutic applications.
Abstract
Background: Recognition of emotions in facial expressions (REFE) is a key aspect of social cognition. Anxiety and mood disorders are associated wit...
Rapid quantification of Psilocybin with reversed-phase HPLC and single-wavelength detection
OpenAlex – October 26, 2021
Summary
A new High-performance liquid chromatography method rapidly quantifies psilocybin, a key alkaloid in psychedelics and drug studies, in under two minutes. This advance in chemistry and chromatography is crucial as interest in psilocybin's pharmacology grows. The technique, vital for chemical synthesis and alkaloids analysis, demonstrated high accuracy with only a 3.5% bias for psilocybin and excellent reliability at 0.32% RSD. This efficient method ensures rapid purity analysis for therapeutic applications.
Abstract
The alkaloid psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and the neurologically active psilocin (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) are the ...
Variation der Alkaloidmengen in Fruchtkörpern vonInocybe aeruginascens
Planta Medica – December 01, 1987
Summary
The psilocybin content in *Inocybe aeruginascens* mushrooms varies significantly, even among those of similar mass from the same location. This chemical analysis found no correlation between mushroom mass and its psilocybin or baeocystin levels. However, a strong relationship exists between the levels of these two alkaloids. The precise chemistry of aeruginascin, another alkaloid present, remains unknown. Understanding these natural psychedelics is vital for drug studies and chemical synthesis, contrasting with the critical need for rapid identification in cases of mushroom poisoning, where compounds like silymarin are sometimes relevant.
Abstract
INOCYBE AERUGINASCENS contains psilocybin, baeocystin, and aeruginascin with a still unknown structure in the caps and the stipes. The content of p...
Serotonergic hallucinogens as translational models relevant to schizophrenia
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 13, 2013
Summary
Compelling evidence links serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin, mescaline, and lysergic acid diethylamide to temporary psychosis, mimicking schizophrenia symptoms. These psychedelics influence behavior by targeting the serotonin 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptor. This neurochemical interaction provides crucial insights for Psychology and Neuroscience, particularly within Drug Studies. Understanding how these substances induce a 'model psychosis' through specific receptor influence, revealed by biochemical analysis, helps unravel schizophrenia's pathogenesis. This knowledge is vital for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Abstract
Abstract One of the oldest models of schizophrenia is based on the effects of serotonergic hallucinogens such as mescaline, psilocybin, and (+)-lys...
Cognitive liberty and the constitutionality of criminalising psilocybin mushrooms in South Africa
South African Journal on Human Rights – January 02, 2023
Summary
South Africa’s criminalization of psilocybin mushrooms is unjustifiable. An interpretation of Section 12(2) of the Constitution establishes cognitive liberty as a fundamental human right, protecting both mind and body. Current legislation, including the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act, directly conflicts with this constitutional protection. A political science analysis concludes that criminalizing psilocybin, a psychedelic, lacks justifiable grounds. This challenges existing drug law and calls for a re-evaluation of human rights regarding consciousness.
Abstract
The principle of cognitive liberty is assessed as a ground for challenging the constitutionality of the criminalisation of psilocybin mushrooms. To...
Innovations in group‐based psilocybin‐assisted therapy of major depression in patients with cancer
Cancer – December 18, 2023
Summary
Compelling findings reveal Psilocybin, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, offers a novel medicine for cancer patients. Recent Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight its significant potential. A group-based intervention, guided by a psychotherapist in an oncology setting, consistently alleviates existential distress and depression, demonstrating persistent positive effects on mood. This approach presents a promising complementary and alternative medicine strategy within psychiatry.
Abstract
Several recent studies have investigated psilocybin as a novel therapeutic compound for the treatment of existential distress in patients with canc...
Indoleamine Hallucinogens in Cluster Headache: Results of the Clusterbusters Medication Use Survey
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 20, 2015
Summary
Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, potent hallucinogens, are rated highly effective for cluster headache, a debilitating pain syndrome. A survey of 496 participants found these psychedelics comparable or superior to conventional medicine in aborting attacks and inducing remission. Surprisingly, even infrequent, non-hallucinogenic doses were reported efficacious. This offers promising insights for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, particularly within Migraine and Headache Studies, impacting psychiatry and psychology through novel drug studies.
Abstract
Cluster headache is one of the most debilitating pain syndromes. A significant number of patients are refractory to conventional therapies. The Clu...
Taxonomic Identification of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Seized on the Illegal Market Using a DNA-Based Approach and LC/MS-MS Determination of Psilocybin and Psilocin
Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques – January 01, 2015
Summary
Hallucinogenic mushrooms exhibit diverse concentrations of psychoactive compounds. Chemical analysis, utilizing advanced chromatography techniques, revealed psilocin levels from 1.3 to 2.5% (w/w), highest in the cap and distal stem. Psilocybin, another potent alkaloid, ranged from 0.5 to 1.4%, concentrating in the cap and proximal stem. Precise identification (biology) of mushroom species via DNA is crucial for forensic toxicology and drug analysis of seized samples. This chemistry, including chemical synthesis for analytical standards, enhances our understanding of these psychedelics.
Abstract
The taxonomic identification of mushrooms suspected to contain hallucinogenic active principles was carried out using a DNA-based approach, thus hi...
Psilocybin: Characterization of the Metastable Zone Width (MSZW), Control of Anhydrous Polymorphs, and Particle Size Distribution (PSD)
ACS Omega – February 07, 2022
Summary
Optimizing psilocybin production for psychedelics and drug studies reveals critical insights into crystallization. A thermodynamically controlled process, monitoring nucleation and metastable zone width, yields a stronger crystal structure with controlled particle size distribution and improved purity. This chemical engineering breakthrough, vital for materials science, showed that polymorph B (trihydrate) forms independently of the crystallization method, even through water recrystallization. Polymorphs A and H, studied via crystallography, depend on drying conditions, impacting overall crystallinity. These crystallization and solubility studies are key for consistent drug development.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a serotonergic agonist, was granted a "breakthrough therapy" status by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials involving m...
Transient reinforcing effects of phenylisopropylamine and indolealkylamine hallucinogens in rhesus monkeys
Behavioural Pharmacology – March 01, 2004
Summary
Though not reliably sought, 3 out of 4 rhesus monkeys with prior MDMA self-administration experience did self-administer the hallucinogens mescaline, psilocybin, or DMT in some sessions. These animals responded between 0.75 and 3.0 times per second, appearing intoxicated. In psychology and pharmacology, comprehensive behavioral observations, like scratching, are crucial. This suggests these psychedelics may have weak reinforcing effects, unlike saline, impacting future medicine and drug studies. Forensic toxicology could further explore neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
Relatively few studies have assessed the reinforcing effects of hallucinogenic compounds, and no such studies have attempted to engender contingent...