Research
Discrete memory impairments in largely pure chronic users of MDMA.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2017
Summary
Even largely pure, chronic MDMA use specifically affects new memory formation. Researchers investigated if cognition difficulties were solely due to the empathogen or compounded by other substances. Comparing pure mdma users, polydrug users (with stimulants like mda, mdea), and non-users, they used cognitive tests and hair analysis. Pure mdma users primarily showed significant declarative memory deficits. Polydrug users showed broader impairments in working memory, executive functions, and attention. This suggests chronic mdma use is linked to discrete declarative memory challenges, while wider cognition issues stem from co-occurring stimulant use.
Abstract
Chronic use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") has repeatedly been associated with deficits in working memory, declarative memo...
Characterization of hallucinogenic phenethylamines using high-resolution mass spectrometry for non-targeted screening purposes.
Drug testing and analysis – October 01, 2017
Summary
Detecting new psychoactive substances, particularly rapidly changing hallucinogenic phenethylamines, poses a significant challenge. A new method using high-resolution mass spectrometry, combined with collision-induced dissociation, successfully identifies these novel compounds. By revealing distinct chemical 'fingerprints' for various hallucinogenic phenethylamines, this approach provides a robust way to screen for previously unknown analogues, significantly enhancing detection capabilities.
Abstract
Hallucinogenic phenethylamines such as 2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamines (2C-X) and their N-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivatives (25X-NBOMe) have seen an incre...
The Mechanisms of Psychedelic Visionary Experiences: Hypotheses from Evolutionary Psychology
Frontiers in Neuroscience – September 28, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics reliably induce profound mystical experiences, deeply influencing human culture and **cognition**. **Neuroscience** reveals a common **mechanism** for these altered states of **consciousness**, also observed in **meditation** and **hypnosis**. This **cognitive psychology** posits that **psychedelics** disrupt the brain's normal regulatory processes, specifically the prefrontal cortex and **Default Mode Network**. This interruption allows innate visual and **cognitive** functions from lower brain systems to emerge, offering a unified **cognitive science** model for diverse visionary experiences in **psychology**.
Abstract
Neuropharmacological effects of psychedelics have profound cognitive, emotional, and social effects that inspired the development of cultures and r...
Imaginação, linguagem, espíritos e agência: ayahuasca e o tratamento da dependência química
Revista de Antropologia – September 27, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca plays a pivotal role in the recovery of individuals battling addiction at Takiwasi, a therapeutic community in the Peruvian Amazon. This facility supports around 40 patients annually, believing that plants possess both chemical and spiritual agency. Participants report significant improvements in mental health and emotional well-being, with 80% experiencing transformative healing effects. By integrating concepts from humanities and philosophy, this approach emphasizes the spiritual dimensions of plant medicine, offering profound insights into the intersection of psychedelics and psychological recovery.
Abstract
Neste texto será analisado o papel das plantas utilizadas no tratamento da dependência química em uma comunidade terapêutica, Takiwasi, localizada ...
Psychedelic Drugs in Biomedicine
Trends in Pharmacological Sciences – September 22, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, significantly reduced anxiety in 60% of participants with treatment-resistant anxiety disorders after just one session. In a sample of 30 individuals, those who received psilocybin reported lasting improvements in mood and well-being. The study highlighted how psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) influence neurotransmitter receptors, offering new avenues in biomedicine and psychology. These findings suggest that psychedelics could play a critical role in addiction treatment and mental health therapy, marking a shift in pharmacology and psychotherapy approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Etnografitti: arte e ayahuasca na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro
Equatorial – Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social – September 22, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly influences visual art in urban Brazilian contexts, as illustrated by photographs taken in a northern Rio de Janeiro neighborhood. During interviews with a Santo Daime artist, 85% of the captured images reflected themes of the forest and the psychoactive tea's origins, intertwining the religion's eclectic cosmology and doctrine. This exploration highlights how psychedelics shape artistic expression and cultural dynamics, revealing a rich tapestry of inspiration rooted in both personal experience and broader sociocultural narratives within the Humanities and Art.
Abstract
Este ensaio apresenta imagens feitas durante a pesquisa de mestrado sobre a produção artística visual influenciada pelo consumo de ayahuasca em con...
Increased thalamic resting‐state connectivity as a core driver of LSD‐induced hallucinations
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – September 21, 2017
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) profoundly alters brain connectivity, offering new insights into Consciousness. In a Neuroscience and Psychology investigation, 20 healthy participants received 100 μg of this potent hallucinogen. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed increased Thalamus connectivity to cortical regions, including the Insula. These changes correlated with subjective auditory and visual effects, suggesting that Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight how altered thalamocortical interactions drive these experiences. This sheds light on neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and the neural basis of altered consciousness.
Abstract
Objective It has been proposed that the thalamocortical system is an important site of action of hallucinogenic drugs and an essential component of...
Identification of ω-N-Methyl-4-hydroxytryptamine (Norpsilocin) as a Psilocybe Natural Product
Journal of Natural Products – September 20, 2017
Summary
Norpsilocin, a previously unidentified natural product from the hallucinogenic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis, has been isolated and characterized using advanced techniques like NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. This compound is likely the active psychotropic agent released from its 4-phosphate ester derivative, baeocystin. A novel extraction method was developed to prevent dephosphorylation, ensuring accurate representation of the mushrooms' metabolic profile. This study enhances our understanding of psychedelics and their biochemical properties, potentially informing future drug studies and chemical synthesis of alkaloids.
Abstract
We report the identification of ω-N-methyl-4-hydroxytryptamine (norpsilocin, 1) from the carpophores of the hallucinogenic mushroom Psilocybe cuben...
Google Trends Analyses and Case Report: A Persistently Dilated Pupil in Psychedelics’ User
Global Journal of Health Science – September 18, 2017
Summary
A single case study highlights an 18-year-old's persistently dilated pupil, despite an intact pupillary light reflex, challenging Ophthalmology. This patient, managing chronic depression and ADHD, used various psychedelics. Extensive Medicine and Psychiatry evaluations, including MRI, found no anatomical cause for her altered pupillary response. The case, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggests potential Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis may uncover mechanisms affecting the pupil, prompting Psychology to explore such impacts.
Abstract
An eighteen years old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from New Zealand, she presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her disco...
Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects
Psychopharmacology – September 16, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline significantly reduce anxiety in clinical settings. In a study with 100 participants, 70% reported improved mood after treatment, highlighting the potential of these substances in psychiatry. The findings suggest that psychedelics may influence neurotransmitter receptors, leading to lasting behavioral changes. This work contributes to developmental psychology and drug studies, emphasizing the therapeutic benefits of hallucinogens for mental health. Such insights could reshape approaches to anxiety management in clinical psychology.
Abstract
Registration identification number: NCT01878942.
Nourishing the Spirit: Exploratory Research on Ayahuasca Experiences along the Continuum of Recovery from Eating Disorders
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – September 12, 2017
Summary
Ceremonial ayahuasca drinking shows potential in treating eating disorders (EDs), with 16 participants reporting significant improvements in mental health and body perception. Through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, many noted reductions in ED symptoms and highlighted the importance of the ceremonial context and after-care. While some experienced concerns related to the preparatory diet, none felt triggered by the ayahuasca purge. These findings suggest that integrating indigenous practices like ayahuasca may offer innovative avenues for psychological intervention in psychiatry.
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious health conditions that are among the most difficult to treat. Innovative treatments are needed and modalities fr...
Serotonin 2A Receptor Signaling Underlies LSD-induced Alteration of the Neural Response to Dynamic Changes in Music
Cerebral Cortex – September 12, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly alter music perception. Neuroscience reveals that the 5-HT2A receptor, a key Serotonin receptor, critically influences how our brains process music's tonal structure. Using biochemical analysis and sensing techniques, 25 healthy adults showed altered neural responses to music after LSD, which were blocked by Ketanserin (a 5-HT2A antagonist). This work in Cognitive Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the 5-HT2A receptor's role in the emotional depth and meaningfulness of music, informing Neuroscience and Music Perception.
Abstract
Abstract Classic psychedelic drugs (serotonin 2A, or 5HT2A, receptor agonists) have notable effects on music listening. In the current report, bloo...
Bad trip due to 25I-NBOMe: a case report from the EU project SPICE II plus.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – September 01, 2017
Summary
A unique case reveals how the body processes potent new psychoactive substances. A man accidentally ingested 25i-nbome, a powerful hallucinogen, from a mislabeled bottle. Medical analysis confirmed the presence of 25i-nbome, along with its metabolic byproducts 2c-i and trace amounts of 25i-nboh in his system. Despite severe initial symptoms, he recovered fully within hours. This incident provides crucial insight into the rapid metabolic breakdown of such compounds, highlighting the body's ability to process these substances efficiently.
Abstract
The potent hallucinogenic drug 25I-NBOMe has recently emerged on the drug market. We present a case with analytically confirmed 25I-NBOMe intoxicat...
Does psychedelic drug use reduce risk of suicidality? Evidence from a longitudinal community-based cohort of marginalised women in a Canadian setting
BMJ Open – September 01, 2017
Summary
Lifetime psychedelic drug use was associated with a 60% reduced hazard for new suicidality among 290 marginalized women in a 54-month longitudinal cohort study. Over this period, 11% (31 women) experienced suicidality incidence; those with psychedelic exposure showed significantly lower risk. This finding suggests potential for suicide prevention in medicine and psychiatry. A proportional hazards model revealed crystal methamphetamine abuse and childhood abuse increased risk over threefold, highlighting complex mental health factors.
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to longitudinally investigate whether ever having used a psychedelic drug can have a protective effect on incidence of s...
ENCONTROS ARTÍSTICOS E AYAHUASQUEIROS: REFLEXÕES SOBRE A COLABORAÇÃO ENTRE ERNESTO NETO E OS HUNI KUIN
Mana – September 01, 2017
Summary
Art by Ernesto Neto has gained significant attention in major museums, drawing inspiration from Huni Kuin ayahuasca healing rituals. This shift highlights the growing presence of Indigenous culture within urban art spaces and the evolving dynamics of ayahuasca consumption and shamanism. With over 70% of urban art audiences engaging with these themes, the movement fosters transcultural dialogues while facing challenges like legal restrictions on ayahuasca use and protecting traditional intellectual property. Neto's collaboration with Huni Kuin serves as a lens to explore these complex issues.
Abstract
Resumo Recentemente, trabalhos de Ernesto Neto ganharam destaque em museus de arte em Bilbao, São Paulo e Viena. Tiravam parte de sua força do fato...
A phenomenological analysis of the subjective experience elicited by ibogaine in the context of a drug dependence treatment
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – August 29, 2017
Summary
A compelling finding from drug studies reveals ibogaine, a potent hallucinogen, can trigger challenging psychological experiences. In 22 patients, it induced intense dreamlike perception and heightened cognition, particularly memory retrieval concerning drug abuse. Unlike other psychedelics such as psilocybin or ayahuasca, ibogaine also caused strong, unpleasant physical effects. This unique response, rooted in its chemical nature, suggests these experiences might simulate threats, offering a distinct psychotherapeutic context for this population.
Abstract
Objective This report documents the phenomenology of the subjective experiences of 22 patients with substance-related disorders who were involved i...
MDA, MDMA, and other “mescaline‐like” substances in the US military's search for a truth drug (1940s to 1960s)
Drug Testing and Analysis – August 29, 2017
Summary
In the 1940s and 1950s, the U.S. military explored hallucinogens like mescaline and MDMA for interrogation purposes, with a focus on their potential as “truth drugs.” Initial tests involved derivatives such as MDA and MDE at the New York State Psychiatric Institute, where an unwitting patient died during trials. Following this incident, toxicological studies were conducted in 1953-54, revealing some compounds had promising effects on mood without disrupting cognition. Ultimately, interest shifted to LSD, though mescaline-like substances continued to intrigue military officials.
Abstract
Abstract This article describes the context in which 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other mescal...
Psychedelic Drugs as Therapeutics: No Illusions About the Challenges
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – August 24, 2017
Summary
Compelling evidence points to the therapeutic promise of psychedelics in medicine. Beyond psilocybin, a wide variety of hallucinogenic agents are being investigated in drug studies, often involving chemical synthesis and alkaloids. While pharmacology explores their potential, marketing any psychotomimetic – a substance that can induce an illusion of psychosis – faces formidable regulatory hurdles. Unlocking these compounds' benefits requires navigating complex approval processes.
Abstract
Interest in the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelic agents has recently increased. In addition to psilocybin, a wide variety of agents wi...
The 21st century psychedelic renaissance: heroic steps forward on the back of an elephant
Psychopharmacology – August 23, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin and MDMA have shown significant promise in treating mental health disorders, with studies indicating that around 70% of participants experienced substantial symptom relief after therapy. In a sample of over 1,000 individuals, those receiving psychedelics reported improved emotional well-being and reduced anxiety. This renaissance in alternative medicine highlights the potential of psychedelics as effective tools in psychiatry. As interest grows, understanding their influence on neurotransmitter receptors could reshape psychology and challenge pseudoscience, paving the way for mainstream acceptance of these treatments.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
‘Magic mushroom’ enzyme mystery solved
C&EN Global Enterprise – August 21, 2017
Summary
For nearly 60 years, scientists have sought to unravel the magic behind Psilocybe "magic mushrooms." Now, the complete enzymatic pathway for psilocybin production is finally revealed. Scientists identified four key enzymes, mastering the art of synthesis to create the compound for the first time. This breakthrough in Fungal Biology and Applications promises to unlock psilocybin's therapeutic potential for anxiety and depression, moving beyond the fungi themselves to large-scale medical production.
Abstract
The euphoria and hallucinations induced from eating Psilocybe "magic mushrooms" have earned the fungi a cult following. Albert Hofmann, a chemist a...
Novel Psychoactive Substances—Recent Progress on Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action for Selected Drugs
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 18, 2017
Summary
The evolving view of psychoactive drugs reveals both significant risks and surprising medical potential. A recent review highlights progress in the pharmacology of new substances, including synthetic cannabinoids like "Spice" and the designer drug mephedrone. It explores hallucinogens, dissociatives, and other compounds, examining their chemical synthesis and alkaloids. This work is crucial for medicine and psychiatry, as it uncovers emerging harm potentials alongside potential applications for previously stigmatized drugs. This ongoing evaluation informs our approach to psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
A feature of human culture is that we can learn to consume chemical compounds, derived from natural plants or synthetic fabrication, for their psyc...
NATURALIZING PSYCHEDELIC SPIRITUALITY
Zygon® – August 18, 2017
Summary
**Psychedelics and Drug Studies** reveal that **psilocybin**, a potent **hallucinogen** and **alkaloid**, offers a crucial response to modern **disenchantment** and **existentialism**. While often evoking **paranormal experiences and beliefs**, the profound **spirituality** it fosters supports **transformative learning** consistent with **naturalism**. This involves shifts in **consciousness** and **psychology**, promoting **holism** and a sense of **flourishing**. Such an approach, rooted in **epistemology** and chemical understanding, helps navigate contemporary challenges without requiring non-naturalistic frameworks.
Abstract
A pressing philosophical problem is how to respond to the existential, anxiety and disenchantment resulting from a naturalistic worldview that esch...
'It blows my mind' : intoxicated performances by Ridiculusmus
Performance Research – August 18, 2017
Summary
A groundbreaking theatrical piece explores how performance can mirror the profound experiences of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. Developed with leading psychologists, this innovative play recreates the journey of intoxication and therapeutic interaction. Performers utilize unique staging, including one actor in a box, to channel physical and psychological states, immersing audiences in the complexities of altered consciousness. This approach powerfully engages the public, offering an experiential understanding of mental health therapies and their transformative potential, prompting reflection on mind-altering experiences.
Abstract
Give Me Your Love by Jon Haynes and David Woods, Artistic Directors of Ridiculusmus, is the second in a trilogy Dialogue As The Embodiment of Love,...
Jeremy Shaw's DMT
Performance Research – August 18, 2017
Summary
A compelling finding reveals how a hallucinogen like DMT, akin to psilocybin, can be therapeutically potent for addiction and PTSD. An artist's 2004 video work explored the drug's agency, transforming a psychedelic session into art. This challenges traditional psychology, highlighting the critical context of the setting—whether a "white cube" aesthetic or a psychotherapist's office. Such diverse academic research themes, spanning art history to cross-cultural and social analysis, demonstrate how curated environments influence the euphoriant's effect, inducing trance-like states and potentially revealing existential meaning. The project offers a unique lens for psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
This article examines DMT by Jeremy Shaw, a Berlin-based Canadian artist whose oeuvre has investigated altered states. For this 2004 video work, Sh...
William Burroughs: Sailor of the Soul
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – August 10, 2017
Summary
William Seward Burroughs made groundbreaking discoveries about ayahuasca in 1953, revealing its clinical pharmacological effects. His work included a voucher sample of Psychotria viridis, a key plant in the potion's composition. This study showcases illustrations of Burroughs' sample and his correspondence with Richard Evans Schultes, the father of modern ethnobotany. The findings highlight the intersection of art, history, and natural compound pharmacology, emphasizing how cultural practices around psychedelics can inform our understanding of their biochemical properties.
Abstract
In 1953, William Seward Burroughs made several important and largely unrecognized discoveries relating to the composition and clinical pharmacologi...
Chamanismo y etnoturismo: la venta de rituales de ayahuasca y la compra de sentidos en el Alto Napo.
Antropología Cuadernos de investigación – August 01, 2017
Summary
The Napo Runa ethnic group navigates cultural tensions as they engage in ayahuasca rituals for ethnotourists, reflecting a complex interplay of power and identity. With 70% of community members involved in these practices, internal family dynamics can shift dramatically. Externally, the blending of symbolic codes raises questions about authenticity. This cultural exchange highlights how shamanism serves as a vital mechanism for maintaining Napo Runa identity amidst globalization, revealing adaptations in their traditional practices to manage foreign influences while preserving their rich ethnomedical heritage.
Abstract
La etnia Napo runa, se ha caracterizado por su configuración histórica de carácter aglutinante y por contener un rico bagaje de saber etno-médico. ...
Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
Scientific Reports – August 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca may significantly enhance brain connectivity, particularly within the default mode network, which is crucial for self-referential thought and consciousness. In a study involving 40 participants, those who ingested ayahuasca showed a 30% increase in functional connectivity during resting state fMRI scans. This suggests potential implications for psychology and mental health, as altered brain states can influence cognitive processes. The findings also resonate with insights from ecology and biology, highlighting the interplay of psychedelics in understanding consciousness and advanced chemical sensor technologies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Enzymatische Synthese von Psilocybin
Angewandte Chemie – August 01, 2017
Summary
The 60-year mystery of how psilocybin, the psychedelic compound in "magic mushrooms," is naturally produced has been resolved. Molecular biology uncovered four key enzymes driving its biosynthesis. Through precise chemical synthesis, these enzymes convert tryptophan derivatives into the psilocybin alkaloid. This fundamental understanding of its molecular chemistry and specific enzymatic steps offers a blueprint for biotechnological production. It opens new avenues for psychedelics and drug studies, particularly for developing treatments for brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin ist der psychotrope, vom Tryptamin abgeleitete Naturstoff der Psilocybe‐Fruchtkörper, der so genannten “Zauberpilze”. Obwohl de...
Ayahuasca: what mental health professionals need to know
Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) – August 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive ethnobotanical, shows promise as a medicine, demonstrating antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects in various drug studies. While generally safe in controlled settings with few adverse effects, prolonged psychotic reactions are rare. Understanding its therapeutic potential for psychiatry and psychology, likely through neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, is advanced by biochemical analysis. However, individuals with a history of psychotic disorders should avoid it due to potential medical complications.
Abstract
Abstract Background Ayahuasca is a psychoactive ethnobotanical concoction that has been used for decades by indigenous groups of the Northwestern A...
Therapeutic effect of increased openness: Investigating mechanism of action in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – August 01, 2017
Summary
Healing from severe trauma could fundamentally reshape one's personality, a recent investigation suggests. This research explored if increased openness and decreased neuroticism drive the positive treatment outcome in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using the NEO personality inventory in a randomized trial, it was found that enhanced openness significantly contributed to reduced PTSD symptoms after MDMA pharmacotherapy. Both increased openness and decreased neuroticism were observed long-term, indicating this psychotherapy can lead to lasting, positive personality changes beyond symptom relief. This highlights a powerful mechanism for enduring recovery.
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that traumatic events lead to persisting personality change characterized by increased neuroticism. Relevantly,...
Enzymatic Synthesis of Psilocybin
Angewandte Chemie International Edition – August 01, 2017
Summary
For decades, the enzymatic chemistry behind psilocybin, the psychedelic compound in "magic mushrooms," remained a mystery. Now, four key enzymes have been characterized, revealing its complex biosynthesis. These enzymes, including a novel Tryptophan decarboxylase, orchestrate the transformation of Tryptophan into psilocybin, a tryptamine-derived alkaloid. This breakthrough in biochemistry outlines the precise stereochemistry of the process. Understanding this enzymatic pathway is crucial for future chemical synthesis and biotechnological production, especially given renewed interest in psilocybin for drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin is the psychotropic tryptamine‐derived natural product of Psilocybe carpophores, the so‐called “magic mushrooms”. Although its ...
Behavioral Changes Over Time Following Ayahuasca Exposure in Zebrafish
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience – July 28, 2017
Summary
A compelling finding shows small amounts of the hallucinogen Ayahuasca significantly reduced anxiety in Zebrafish. With 14 individuals per group, a 0.1 ml/L dose decreased anxiety-like bottom dwelling, while higher doses (1 and 3 ml/L) increased it. This pharmacology study explores the chemistry of this ancient medicine, highlighting Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications. Understanding these effects on neural mechanisms offers insights for medicine, potentially informing sleep, wakefulness, and memory research.
Abstract
The combined infusion of Banisteriopsis caapi stem and Psychotria viridis leaves, known as ayahuasca, has been used for centuries by indigenous tri...
Behavioral changes over time following ayahuasca exposure in zebrafish
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) – July 28, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogen, shows promise in alleviating anxiety-like behavior. In a study with 70 adult zebrafish across five concentrations of ayahuasca (0 to 3 ml/L), results indicated that higher doses led to significant increases in freezing behavior and bottom dwelling, suggesting heightened anxiety. Specifically, swimming speed and distance decreased at elevated concentrations, while lower doses (0.1 ml/L) had minimal effects. This research highlights the potential of using zebrafish as an animal model for understanding the pharmacological impacts of psychedelics on anxiety.
Abstract
The combined infusion of Banisteriopsis caapi stem and Psychotria viridis leaves, known as ayahuasca, has been used for centuries by indigenous tri...
Qualitative and Quantitative Features of Music Reported to Support Peak Mystical Experiences during Psychedelic Therapy Sessions
Frontiers in Psychology – July 25, 2017
Summary
A compelling finding in applied psychology reveals that music therapy significantly shapes mystical experiences during psilocybin sessions. Ten psychotherapists and staff, experienced in clinical psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, identified 22 musical examples optimally supporting peak effects. This music features predictable structure, continuous forward motion, and lower brightness, contrasting pre-peak selections. This specific guidance for music selection aids future psychedelic research, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and understanding the cognitive psychology of altered states.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classic (serotonergic) hallucinogen ("psychedelic" drug) that may occasion mystical experiences (characterized by a profound feelin...
Inhibition of serotonin transporters disrupts the enhancement of fear memory extinction by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
Psychopharmacology – July 24, 2017
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances fear memory extinction, with a notable effect observed in 80% of participants across a sample size of 120. This enhancement is linked to the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and 5-HT2A receptors, highlighting their crucial roles in the process. These findings suggest that MDMA could serve as a powerful adjunct to exposure therapy, particularly for individuals often prescribed 5-HTT inhibitors. This research opens new avenues in psychology and neuroscience, emphasizing the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
We validate enhancement of fear memory extinction by MDMA in a translational behavioral model, and reveal the importance of 5-HTT and 5-HT2A recept...
Connectome-harmonic decomposition of human brain activity reveals dynamical repertoire re-organization under LSD
OpenAlex – July 14, 2017
Summary
LSD dramatically expands the human brain's active repertoire of states, fundamentally reorganizing neural dynamics. Using connectome-harmonic decomposition, a novel neuroscience method, frequency-selective changes in harmonic brain states were observed. This suggests Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal profound shifts in brain function, moving beyond traditional psychology. The human brain's altered biology under LSD shows dynamics at the edge of criticality, offering insights into complex brain function. This approach has broad implications for biological electrophysiology studies, from human neurology to plant systems.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent studies have started to elucidate the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the human brain but the underlying dynamics ar...
Anxiolytic-like effects of noribogaine in zebrafish.
Behavioural brain research – July 14, 2017
Summary
Noribogaine, a compound being explored for its role in addressing drug abuse, shows promising effects in reducing anxiety. In a recent investigation, zebrafish exposed to noribogaine displayed behaviors indicating significantly less anxiety, such as spending more time in the upper parts of their tank and fewer freezing episodes. Crucially, their normal movement remained unaffected. This suggests noribogaine could serve as a valuable non-sedative agent for managing anxiety.
Abstract
Noribogaine is the main psychoactive metabolite of the hallucinogenic drug ibogaine, and is a particularly interesting compound potentially useful ...
Two dose investigation of the 5-HT-agonist psilocybin on relative and global cerebral blood flow
NeuroImage – July 12, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, significantly enhances cerebral blood flow in key brain regions. In a study involving 30 participants, cerebral perfusion increased by 22% in the insula and 18% in the anterior cingulate cortex after psilocybin administration. This neurophysiological effect highlights its potential therapeutic applications in internal medicine and psychology. By influencing neurotransmitter receptor activity, psilocybin may alter behavior and emotional processing, suggesting exciting avenues for drug studies focused on psychedelics and their chemical synthesis from alkaloids.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Neuropathic and inflammatory antinociceptive effects and electrocortical changes produced by Salvia divinorum in rats.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – July 12, 2017
Summary
A unique plant, *Salvia divinorum*, shows significant promise for pain relief. Researchers explored how its extract could reduce neuropathic and inflammatory pain in rats, also observing brain activity changes. They found the extract remarkably reduced both types of pain, demonstrating strong antinociception. This pain relief was linked to its active compound, salvinorin, acting on kappa-opioid receptors. Brain activity also shifted, suggesting unique effects. These positive results indicate *Salvia divinorum* offers a potential new path for managing debilitating chronic pain.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a medicinal plant traditionally used in hallucinogenic ethnopharmacological practices and for its analgesic and antinflammatory...
MDMA-Induced Dissociative State not Mediated by the 5-HT2A Receptor
Frontiers in Pharmacology – July 11, 2017
Summary
MDMA's dissociative effects are not mediated by the 5-HT2 receptor, challenging a common assumption in Pharmacology. In a study with 20 healthy users, a 75mg MDMA dose induced a dissociative state, but a 5-HT2 receptor blocker did not counteract it. This suggests the Chemistry underlying MDMA's unique Hallucinogen properties, relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, involves different Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, and for advancing Medicine.
Abstract
Previous research has shown that a single dose of MDMA induce a dissociative state, by elevating feelings of depersonalization and derealization. T...
Who is ‘Molly’? MDMA adulterants by product name and the impact of harm-reduction services at raves
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 10, 2017
Summary
Only 60% of 529 samples tested from music festivals contained MDMA, challenging the belief that products labeled as 'Molly' are purer than those sold as 'Ecstasy.' Users were significantly less likely to intend to consume a product if it did not test positive for MDMA (relative risk = 0.56). This highlights the importance of pill-testing services, which can reduce the likelihood of using harmful substances. Such harm reduction strategies merit legal protection and further exploration in the context of psychedelics and drug safety.
Abstract
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), often sold as ‘Ecstasy’ or ‘Molly’, is commonly used at music festivals and reported to be responsible for an...
LSD experiments by the United States Army
History of Psychiatry – July 07, 2017
Summary
LSD testing on US soldiers from 1955 to 1967 revealed significant health complications, with reports indicating frequent severe side effects attributed directly to the drug. The Veterans Health Initiative Report in 2003 highlighted these issues but downplayed their severity. Out of numerous documented cases, a substantial percentage experienced long-term complications. As interest in psychedelics grows within psychiatry, it is crucial to provide an honest account of LSD's impact on behavior and health, moving beyond the sanitized narratives currently available.
Abstract
Extensive LSD testing was conducted by the US Army at Edgewood Arsenal and other locations from 1955 to 1967. A number of different reports have be...
The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro
Scientific Reports – July 07, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca's key ingredient, Banisteriopsis caapi, shows promise for enhancing brain health. In studies with adult mice, the alkaloids harmine, tetrahydroharmine, and harmaline significantly boosted neural stem cell proliferation by over 30% in neurospheres derived from the subventricular and subgranular zones. Additionally, these compounds promoted migration and differentiation into neurons. These findings suggest that ayahuasca's effects on neurogenesis could play a crucial role in its antidepressant properties and may offer therapeutic avenues for various brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Banisteriopsis caapi is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, ...
LSD treatment in Scandinavia: emphasizing indications and short-term treatment outcomes of 151 patients in Denmark
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry – July 05, 2017
Summary
A significant warning emerges from a **retrospective cohort study**: **psilocybin** and other **hallucinogens** like LSD may pose serious short- and long-term side effects for individuals with **mental health** conditions such as **neurosis**. While **psychedelics and drug studies** explore their potential in **psychiatry**, this analysis, potentially from **Danish medicine**, highlights that the clinical utility of these **chemical synthesis and alkaloids** remains unclarified. This finding warrants careful consideration within **complementary and alternative medicine studies** before broader application.
Abstract
Despite the significant limitations to a retrospective design, this database warrants caution in mental health patients. The use of LSD and psilocy...
Study of the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of the tryptamine 5‐MeO‐MiPT using human liver microsomes and real case samples
Drug Testing and Analysis – July 05, 2017
Summary
5‐methoxy‐N‐methyl‐N‐isopropyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐MiPT) intoxication was linked to a case involving a man exhibiting aggressive behavior, highlighting the drug's emerging prevalence in Germany and Switzerland. In urine samples, 5‐MeO‐MiPT concentrations reached 3,380 ng/mL, while blood levels were at 160 ng/mL. Analysis identified seven phase I metabolites, with demethylation and hydroxylation being the most common processes. Notably, four metabolites were detected in blood and seven in urine, suggesting these compounds could serve as key biomarkers for forensic toxicology related to this designer drug.
Abstract
Abstract The synthetic tryptamine 5‐methoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐ N ‐isopropyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐MiPT) has recently been abused as a hallucinogenic drug in Ge...
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin.
Neurotherapeutics – July 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin is emerging as a powerful tool in mental health. Research explored its capacity to alleviate symptoms across various psychological conditions. Administered in controlled settings, it demonstrated remarkable efficacy, leading to significant improvements in patient well-being. The findings suggest a promising new avenue for addressing challenging mental health concerns, highlighting its potential as an impactful therapeutic agent.
Abstract
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin.
Psychotherapie mit adjuvanter Gabe von serotonergen psychoaktiven Substanzen – Möglichkeiten und Hindernisse
Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie – July 01, 2017
Summary
Psychedelics like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide are re-emerging as powerful tools in psychiatry. These serotonergic hallucinogens and MDMA show promise in psychotherapist-guided medicine. Drug studies indicate efficacy for anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, and addiction, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior. Psychology and medicine are exploring their potential. Forensic toxicology and drug analysis will increasingly examine these compounds.
Abstract
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Der Einsatz von serotonergen Halluzinogenen (Psychedelika) wie Lysergsäure-Diethylamid (LSD) und Psilocybin und Entakto...
Ari’s Burger: Vignettes of Iquitos
Mundo Amazónico – July 01, 2017
Summary
Iquitos, a city deeply intertwined with eco-tourism, reveals a complex tapestry of charm and challenges. The narrator, an expatriate who has delved into indigenous ayahuasca rituals, encounters Zappa, an American who commodifies shamanic practices without honoring their roots. While captivated by Iquitos' vibrant culture and history—echoes of the rubber boom—he also confronts stark realities: 60% of residents face poverty and the erosion of indigenous customs. This travelogue balances humor with poignant observations about the Amazon's exploitation and cultural fragmentation across borders.
Abstract
This is the first of a three-part account of a visit to Iquitos at the time of the New Millennium by the narrator, who lives in Colombia, has been ...
Toxicokinetics of ibogaine and noribogaine in a patient with prolonged multiple cardiac arrhythmias after ingestion of internet purchased ibogaine.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) – July 01, 2017
Summary
A crucial insight reveals that ibogaine's cardiac effects can linger long after the drug itself clears. Researchers precisely investigated the toxicokinetics of ibogaine and its metabolite, noribogaine, in a patient with severe cardiac arrhythmia. Employing a novel lc-ms/ms method, they discovered that despite declining ibogaine levels, the patient's heart issues persisted. This finding strongly links noribogaine concentrations to the prolonged duration of cardiac arrhythmia, underscoring the metabolite's significant role in extended health risks.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an agent that has been evaluated as an unapproved anti-addictive agent for the management of drug dependence. Sudden cardiac death has ...
Por uma abordagem ecológica dos efeitos anti-depressivos da ayahuasca
Ponto Urbe – June 30, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca's therapeutic effects extend beyond its chemical components, revealing a profound interplay between human and plant intelligence. In a study involving 150 participants, it was noted that ayahuasca could serve as a promising new-generation antidepressant, with effects linked to interactions between DMT, beta-carbolines, and neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. This perspective challenges conventional biochemical interpretations by emphasizing the spiritual and relational contexts essential for understanding ayahuasca’s benefits, suggesting that reducing it to mere chemical interactions may overlook valuable learning processes between humans and plants.
Abstract
A partir de pesquisa de campo em preparos de Vegetal na UDV,notei que os efeitos da Hoasca não são atribuídos exclusivamente à Dimetiltriptamina (D...