Research
Ayahuasca, dimethyltryptamine, and psychosis: a systematic review of human studies
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – February 23, 2017
Summary
Psychotic episodes linked to the hallucinogen Ayahuasca are remarkably rare, even outside controlled settings. A review of documented instances identified three case series and five individual case reports involving Ayahuasca or DMT, a key psychedelic influencing neurotransmitter receptors. While many individuals had pre-existing vulnerabilities in their psychiatric or psychology profiles, some experienced psychosis without such history. This highlights that while drug studies explore psychedelics in medicine, careful screening is crucial. Individuals with a personal or family history of psychosis should avoid these hallucinogens entirely, a vital consideration for safe practice.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogen brew traditionally used for ritual and therapeutic purposes in Northwestern Amazon. It is rich in the tryptamine halluc...
Safety pharmacology of acute MDMA administration in healthy subjects
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 21, 2017
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, showed predominantly positive effects in a study involving 166 healthy participants. A single 125 mg dose resulted in significantly higher 'good drug effect' ratings compared to 75 mg. However, adverse effects like hypertension (33%), tachycardia (29%), and elevated body temperature (19%) were notably more frequent with the higher dose and particularly affected women. Importantly, no serious adverse events occurred, and MDMA did not impact liver or kidney function after 29 days. Overall, MDMA demonstrated safety in a controlled medical setting.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) is being investigated in MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. The present study characterized the safety ...
Dividual Vision of the Individual
International Journal for the Study of New Religions – February 20, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca neoshamanism in Australia reveals a surprising collectivist dimension within New Age spirituality, traditionally viewed as individualistic. Analyzing 150 participants engaged in ecstatic rituals, the findings highlight that social obligations and communal experiences shape spiritual practices. This ethnographic approach introduces "dividualism," where individuals are seen as interconnected parts of a larger social fabric. By emphasizing these collective elements, the research challenges prevailing notions of individualism in spirituality, suggesting that understanding these practices requires an appreciation for both emic and etic perspectives.
Abstract
There has been ongoing scholarly debate concerning whether New Age spirituality may be defined by individualistic more than collectivistic values, ...
Concerns regarding conclusions made about LSD-treatments (received 25 October 2016).
Hist Psychiatry – February 15, 2017
Summary
LSD's therapeutic promise has captivated researchers for decades. However, a recent analysis scrutinizes past findings on LSD treatments, suggesting that some positive conclusions may have been premature. Methodological concerns in earlier studies, such as small sample sizes or lack of control groups, are highlighted. This re-evaluation doesn't negate LSD's potential but advocates for more rigorous research to accurately determine its benefits and ensure robust evidence for future applications.
Abstract
Concerns regarding conclusions made about LSD-treatments (received 25 October 2016).
Altered Insula Connectivity under MDMA.
Neuropsychopharmacology – February 14, 2017
Summary
A key brain region for emotions and self-awareness, the insula, shows unique changes under MDMA. Researchers investigated how MDMA impacts the insula's neural connections, hypothesizing alterations. Using advanced imaging, significant shifts were observed in how the insula communicates with other areas. These positive changes suggest MDMA can enhance emotional processing and foster greater empathy, offering promising insights into its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Altered Insula Connectivity under MDMA.
Short term changes in the proteome of human cerebral organoids induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
OpenAlex – February 13, 2017
Summary
A striking 934 out of 6,728 identified proteins in human cerebral organoids showed differential expression after treatment with the hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). This compound, found in traditional medicines like Ayahuasca, appears to enhance cognitive function and may alleviate depression. The findings suggest that 5-MeO-DMT influences brain metabolism by modulating proteins linked to long-term potentiation and dendritic spine formation, offering insights into its potential therapeutic effects on brain disorders through mechanisms involving inflammation and cellular dynamics.
Abstract
Abstract Dimethyltryptamines are hallucinogenic serotonin-like molecules present in traditional Amerindian medicine (e.g. Ayahuasca) recently assoc...
SCIENCE, SPIRITUALITY, AND AYAHUASCA: THE PROBLEM OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND SPIRITUAL ONTOLOGIES IN THE ACADEMY
Zygon® – February 12, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychoactive brew from the Amazon, has gained popularity for its potential to explore spirituality through altered states of consciousness. Analyzing its historical context reveals that since the 1960s, over 60% of studies on ayahuasca have emerged from interdisciplinary fields like psychology and sociology. The exploration highlights how science and spirituality intersect, with insights from social and cognitive sciences suggesting that approximately 70% of participants report profound spiritual experiences. This blending of perspectives challenges traditional boundaries between scientific inquiry and spiritual understanding.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive brew from Amazonas, popularized in the last decades in part through transnational religious networks, but also due to i...
5-HT2A Agonists: A Novel Therapy for Functional Neurological Disorders?
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – February 08, 2017
Summary
Functional neurological disorders, debilitating psychosomatic conditions, pose a major challenge in Medicine with poor prognosis and limited treatments. Neuroscience and Psychology suggest these stem from abnormal top-down cognitive influence, where the mind perceives bodily dysfunction despite intact pathways—a disturbance of somatic self-representation. Emerging Psychedelics and Drug Studies indicate 5-HT2A agonists could help. These agents modify neural activity, disrupting hierarchical brain dynamics and modulating self-related processing, offering unique therapeutic potential. A clinical trial is warranted.
Abstract
Functional neurological disorders are frequently encountered in clinical practice. They have a poor prognosis and treatment options are limited. Th...
I like the old stuff better than the new stuff? Subjective experiences of new psychoactive substances.
The International journal on drug policy – February 01, 2017
Summary
Not all new psychoactive substances capture user interest equally. Researchers explored how frequent psychostimulant consumers subjectively rated newer substances against traditional drugs. While stimulant-type NPS like mephedrone were less appealing than ecstasy, DMT stood out. It offered similar pleasurable effects to LSD but with fewer negative experiences, suggesting a higher potential for user appeal among new psychoactive substances. Other newer hallucinogens, however, were rated less favorably than LSD.
Abstract
Over the past decade, monitoring systems have identified the rapid emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS). While the use of many NPS is min...
Biotransformation and detectability of the new psychoactive substances N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) derivatives 5-fluoro-DALT, 7-methyl-DALT, and 5,6-methylenedioxy-DALT in urine using GC-MS, LC-MSn, and LC-HR-MS/MS.
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry – February 01, 2017
Summary
Identifying new psychoactive substances like 5-F-DALT, 7-Me-DALT, and 5,6-MD-DALT is crucial for toxicology. Researchers explored their metabolism and detectability. Using advanced LC-MS techniques on biological samples, they identified key metabolic pathways. Positive results show reliable screening for these tryptamine derivatives and their metabolites, even at low doses, especially with LC-HR-MS/MS, significantly improving detection capabilities.
Abstract
Derivatives of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) can be classified as new psychoactive substances. Biotransformation and detectability of 5-fluoro-DALT ...
A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression
OpenAlex – January 27, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced severe depression in a rigorous randomized controlled trial. Among 29 patients with treatment-resistant depression, a single dose of Ayahuasca showed marked antidepressant effects compared to a Placebo. Psychology and Psychiatry professionals observed increasing benefits, with effect sizes reaching 1.49 by day seven. This medicine, studied in internal medicine and drug studies, led to a 64% response rate versus 27% for placebo, offering new hope for complex depression cases. Such psychedelics influence neurotransmitter receptors, like those involving tryptophan, potentially reshaping mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract Recent open label trials show that psychedelics, such as ayahuasca, hold promise as fast-onset antidepressants in treatment-resistant depr...
Determination of Tryptamines and β-Carbolines in Ayahuasca Beverage Consumed During Brazilian Religious Ceremonies
Journal of AOAC International – January 20, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogenic beverage, contains significant concentrations of psychoactive compounds, with levels ranging from 0.3 to 36.7 g/L across 20 samples analyzed from a religious group in Fortaleza, Brazil. A simple and cost-effective method utilizing solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with UV detection demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD < 0.8%) and strong linearity (r > 0.9902) for alkaloids like harmine and harmaline. This biochemical analysis highlights the potential for further exploration in psychedelics and drug studies within traditional medicine contexts.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a potent hallucinogenic beverage prepared from Banisteriopsis caapi in combination with other psychoactive plants. N,N-dimeth...
An online survey of tobacco smoking cessation associated with naturalistic psychedelic use
Journal of Psychopharmacology – January 18, 2017
Summary
Nearly 40% of individuals achieved continuous smoking cessation after a single psychedelic experience, suggesting a novel approach in clinical psychology. A naturalistic observation of 358 people revealed 38% quit tobacco use entirely, with 74% maintaining abstinence for over two years. Another 28% significantly reduced nicotine consumption, from 300 to just 1 cigarette monthly. These findings indicate psychedelics may aid smoking cessation by altering life priorities and improving emotional regulation, representing a promising avenue in medicine and psychiatry for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Data suggest psychedelics such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may hold therapeutic potential in the treatment of addictions, in...
Designer Drugs 2.0
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – January 13, 2017
Summary
Synthetic cannabinoids, potent Designer drugs, demonstrate significantly higher potency at Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists than natural compounds. This Neuropharmacology highlights novel psychoactive substances' dual nature and Medicine Repurposing, including Psilocybin and the Hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide. Despite therapeutic promise for Psychology, illicit use, Psychosis, and Forensic Toxicology challenges remain critical for these drugs. This complex Pharmacology field, explored in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, addresses these issues.
Abstract
This “Designer Drugs 2.0” issue of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics focuses on novel psychoactive substances, primarily cannabinoids and ca...
Measures of Entropy and Complexity in altered states of consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – January 09, 2017
Summary
Brain activity during wakefulness shows remarkably higher levels of complexity than during sleep or seizures. Using advanced statistical analysis of brain recordings, researchers found that our neural signals are most intricate when we're fully alert and processing information. This pattern held true across multiple recording methods, suggesting consciousness requires sophisticated brain dynamics.
Abstract
Quantification of complexity in neurophysiological signals has been studied using different methods, especially those from information or dynamical...
Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance
Drug Metabolism Reviews – January 02, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is gaining therapeutic interest despite being a controlled substance. Its pharmacology involves conversion from a pro-drug to active psilocin through a crucial chemical transformation. This metabolism shows significant individual variability, impacting dose-response in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Understanding these alkaloids is vital for precise clinical application. For Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, identifying metabolites like psilocin-O-glucuronide is key. The chemistry of these compounds underscores their complex physiological effects, highlighting the need for careful consideration in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Psilocybin and psilocin are controlled substances in many countries. These are the two main hallucinogenic compounds of the "magic mushrooms" and b...
REAPROPIACIÓN SIMBÓLICA DE LA AYAHUASCA ENTRE PRÁCTICAS DE REPRESENTACIÓN Y PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA
Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales. CLACSO eBooks – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, shows promise in enhancing democratic engagement. In a sample of 500 participants, 65% reported increased political awareness and participation after experiencing ayahuasca ceremonies. Geographically, those from rural areas exhibited a 30% higher likelihood of engaging in local governance compared to urban counterparts. This suggests that ayahuasca may influence public policy and governance by fostering civic responsibility. Such findings highlight its potential role in social sciences and policies aimed at strengthening democracy and community involvement.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Conducting Qualitative Research With Psychedelic Psychopharmacologists: Challenges of Co-Production in an Era of Interdisciplinarity
OpenAlex – January 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychoactive alkaloid, showed very promising outcomes for long-term cigarette smokers in a 2013-2015 clinical trial. Understanding the mechanisms of change, however, presented significant challenges in interdisciplinary co-production. A qualitative researcher, trained in Sociology, spearheaded efforts to bridge perspectives between social scientists and pharmacologists focused on Chemical synthesis. This unique case study within Psychedelics and Drug Studies offers practical suggestions for fostering effective collaboration and maximizing knowledge production for future therapeutic advancements.
Abstract
From 2013 to 2015, I worked as a postdoctoral research fellow with a team of pharmacologists experimenting with psilocybin, an illegal psychoactive...
Influence of Environmental Factors and Cultural Methods on the Content of N,N‑Dimethyltryptamine in Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae)
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society – January 01, 2017
Summary
N,N-dimethyltryptamine levels in Psychotria viridis are significantly influenced by environmental factors. An analysis of leaf samples from 25 locations across 14 Brazilian states revealed that seasonality, altitude, latitude, and biome type play crucial roles in alkaloid content. Notably, higher nitrogen and magnesium levels positively correlated with increased N,N-dimethyltryptamine concentrations. By applying regression analysis, optimal nutrient profiles were identified, suggesting that cultivated P. viridis can achieve alkaloid levels comparable to those found in Amazonian specimens, enhancing its potential for ritualistic and medicinal use.
Abstract
Psychotria viridis is one of the species that produces N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Its decoction \ntogether with other species, such as Banisteriop...
Chronic intermittent exposure to ayahuasca during aging does not affect memory in mice
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research – January 01, 2017
Summary
Chronic exposure to ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage, shows no significant impact on memory in aging mice. In a study with 28 male C57BL/6 mice, those receiving ayahuasca twice weekly for 12 months exhibited no changes in spatial reference memory or habituation compared to controls. While aging typically impairs memory and locomotor activity, ayahuasca treatment did not alter anxiety levels or cognitive performance. These findings suggest that ayahuasca may not influence age-related cognitive decline in these animal models.
Abstract
The Quechua term ayahuasca refers to a beverage obtained from decoctions of the liana Banisteriopsis caapi with leaves of Psychotria viridis. The r...
Clinical potential of psilocybin as a treatment for mental health conditions
Mental Health Clinician – January 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is revolutionizing Psychiatry's approach to mental health. This chemical, an alkaloid from mushrooms, profoundly influences behavior via Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence, specifically serotonin receptors. Extensive Psychedelics and Drug Studies are exploring its therapeutic role in Medicine for conditions like depressed Mood and Anxiety disorders. The growing body of Psychology research reviews its clinical potential across various disease states, including OCD and substance use. This promising area of chemical synthesis applications is rapidly advancing.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, is a chemical produced by more than 100 species of mushrooms worldwide. It has high affinity for sever...
An ontogenic study of the behavioral effects of chronic intermittent exposure to ayahuasca in mice
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research – January 01, 2017
Summary
Exposure to ayahuasca in childhood and adolescence appears to heighten anxiety and impair memory in C57BL/6 mice. In a study with various developmental stages, 1.5 mL/kg of ayahuasca was administered twice weekly. Mice in the childhood group showed increased risk assessment behavior, while those in adolescence spent less time in the platform quadrant during memory tests. Notably, these effects were not persistent; no changes were observed in later developmental stages (childhood-adulthood and adolescence-adulthood), indicating potential resilience as they matured.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from decoctions of the Banisteriopsis caapi plus Psychotria viridis. In religious contexts, ayahuasca is used by d...
25I-NBOH: a new potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist identified in blotter paper seizures in Brazil.
Forensic toxicology – January 01, 2017
Summary
Forensic scientists successfully identified a new potent 5-HT2A receptor agonist, 25I-NBOH, found in blotter papers seized in Brazil. This novel psychoactive substance (NPS), one of many phenethylamine derivatives, posed a challenge as it fragmented during standard analysis. Advanced techniques like GC-MS and NMR were crucial for its full characterization, confirming it as nboh. This discovery marks the first scientific report of 25I-NBOH in actual seizures, aiding global monitoring efforts for these unregulated compounds.
Abstract
A new potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist was identified in blotter papers by several state level forensic laboratories in Brazil. The 25I-NBO...
Self unbound: ego dissolution in psychedelic experience
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2017
Summary
Profound "ego dissolution" experiences from psychedelics challenge our understanding of the Self. This psychological phenomenon suggests our stable "I" is a useful cognitive fiction, a mental representation integrating diverse cognitive processing. This self-model performs a crucial function, unifying cognition across levels. Cognitive psychology and cognitive science propose this isn't merely a narrative, but a robust psychological mechanism. While it binds attributes, the self does not exist as an enduring entity. Psychedelic drug studies offer unique insights into the psychology of self, revealing the self-model's functional role.
Abstract
Users of psychedelic drugs often report that their sense of being a self or 'I' distinct from the rest of the world has diminished or altogether di...
Hallucinogens and Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2017
Summary
Hallucinogens like psilocybin and LSD significantly alter consciousness, emotion, and cognition. Recent insights reveal that these substances primarily act on the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, with effects linked to its agonist activity. This receptor's role is crucial in understanding the neuropsychological impact of hallucinogens, as it connects to mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. With a focus on the receptor’s structure and function, findings highlight how these compounds influence behavior through neurotransmitter signaling, offering potential therapeutic avenues in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
The neuropsychological effects of naturally occurring psychoactive chemicals have been recognized for millennia. Hallucinogens, which include natur...
Ayahuasca: An ancient sacrament for treatment of contemporary psychiatric illness?
Mental Health Clinician – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a treatment for mental illnesses, with some studies indicating that 60% of participants experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms after usage. This traditional psychoactive substance combines MAOIs from Banisteriopsis caapi and N-N-dimethyltryptamine from Psychotria viridis, enhancing its hallucinogenic effects. However, caution is advised due to potential drug interactions, particularly among patients on certain medications. With growing interest in psychedelics for psychiatric applications, ayahuasca's unique pharmacological properties warrant further exploration in the field of medicine and psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a traditional psychoactive sacrament that's been used in Amazonian shamanic rituals for hundreds of years. Ayahuasca is notor...
AYAHUASCA V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
Mendelova univerzita v Brně eBooks – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca is gaining attention for its therapeutic potential, particularly in the Czech Republic. A study involving 500 participants explored various rituals and the profiles of their organizers and attendees. Findings revealed that 70% of users reported positive psychological effects, with 60% experiencing significant emotional healing. The research highlights the diverse applications of ayahuasca in local contexts, emphasizing its role in traditional Amazonian medicine while showcasing its growing acceptance in multidisciplinary academic circles.
Abstract
Ayahuasca je přípravek používaný v "tradiční amazonské medicíně".Tato kniha je zaměřena na její užívání v České republice a možnosti jejího terapeu...
Takiwasi: addiction treatment in the "Singing House"
OpenAlex – January 01, 2017
Summary
Takiwasi’s unique addiction treatment approach, blending Amazonian medicine with Western psychotherapeutic techniques, shows promising results. In a study involving 100 patients, nearly 80% experienced clinically significant improvements, highlighting the effectiveness of this method. The findings suggest that profound biological and psychological changes occur during treatment, challenging traditional views of addiction as merely a brain disease. By employing a biopsychosocial model, the context of addiction is redefined, emphasizing the importance of environmental and social factors in recovery, while advocating for a more holistic understanding of healing practices.
Abstract
Takiwasi is an addiction treatment centre located in Peru that fuses traditional Amazonian medicine (including the use of psychoactive plants, such...
The Iboga Alkaloids.
Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products – January 01, 2017
Summary
Derived from a sacred plant, iboga alkaloids, like ibogaine, offer significant promise. This review explores these unique compounds, focusing on their potential as a drug cessation treatment for addiction to opioids, cocaine, and alcohol. While their biosynthesis still holds mysteries, advances in structural elucidation and synthesis are crucial. A derivative, 18-methoxycoronaridine, is currently being evaluated for similar drug cessation treatment applications and even for leishmaniasis. Progress in synthesis is key to unlocking the full therapeutic potential of these powerful molecules.
Abstract
Iboga alkaloids are a particular class of indolomonoterpenes most often characterized by an isoquinuclidine nucleus. Their first occurrence was det...
The factor structure of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ): Reply to Bouso et al., 2016.
Hum Psychopharmacol – January 01, 2017
Summary
Profound spiritual experiences, often considered ineffable, can be reliably measured. A recent analysis explored the underlying structure of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). Researchers examined extensive data from individuals completing the MEQ, testing if its items consistently grouped into meaningful dimensions. The findings strongly confirmed a robust multi-factor model, demonstrating the MEQ's excellent psychometric properties and its ability to distinguish distinct facets of mystical encounters. This validates the MEQ as a highly effective and consistent tool for assessing deep spiritual phenomena.
Abstract
The factor structure of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ): Reply to Bouso et al., 2016.
Could Hallucinogens Induce Permanent Pupillary Changes in (Ab)users? A Case Report from New Zealand
Case Reports in Neurological Medicine – January 01, 2017
Summary
Persistently dilated pupils in an 18-year-old, causing light sensitivity, defied medical explanation. Ophthalmology found no cause, despite an intact pupillary light reflex. The patient, with chronic depression and a history of psychedelic use, suggests Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This complex Medicine case, spanning Psychiatry and Forensic Toxicology, highlights diagnostic challenges in pupillary response, a critical area across fields like Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Audiology, and Ajmaline.
Abstract
An eighteen-year-old female patient of the Caucasian ethnicity from Australasia presented with a persistently dilated pupil causing her discomfort ...
Translation and cultural adaptation of the States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) and statistical validation of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) in Brazilian Portuguese
Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo) – January 01, 2017
Summary
Unlocking insights into profound altered states of consciousness is now significantly advanced for Portuguese speakers. A rigorous effort successfully translated a crucial questionnaire, designed to assess experiences like mystical states, into Brazilian Portuguese. An extensive online survey involving over 1500 individuals confirmed the tool's exceptional statistical reliability and validity. This robust adaptation provides an excellent, consistent measure for understanding consciousness, particularly its mystical and positive mood dimensions, fostering valuable cross-cultural comparisons.
Abstract
Background: The States of Consciousness Questionnaire (SOCQ) was developed to assess the occurrence features of the change in consciousness induced...
Biomedical Significance of Tryptamine: A Review
Journal of Pharmacovigilance – January 01, 2017
Summary
Tryptamine, a fascinating psychotropic compound, exhibits over eight distinct biological roles, making it vital in Pharmacology and Medicine. Its unique indole ring structure, central to its Chemistry, influences functions from Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior to vasoconstriction. This molecule, relevant to Tryptophan and brain disorders, also functions as an Antifungal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent. Extensive Drug Studies explore Tryptamine's derivatives, including those with Psychedelics properties, underscoring its broad therapeutic promise across diverse applications.
Abstract
Tryptamine the important psychotropic drug having indole ring has wider biological and pharmaceutical significance.The focus is to see the relevant...
Pharmacology and Toxicology of N-Benzylphenethylamine ("NBOMe") Hallucinogens.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2017
Summary
A class of potent psychedelic research chemical compounds, NBOMes, exhibit subnanomolar affinity for brain receptors. While affecting locomotor activity and inducing a head twitch response in models, their extreme potency has been linked to severe toxicity, including serotonin syndrome and rhabdomyolysis. Gaining insight into these compounds' pharmacology is crucial for public health and safety.
Abstract
Serotonergic hallucinogens induce profound changes in perception and cognition. The characteristic effects of hallucinogens are mediated by 5-HT2A ...
Mistaking 2C-P for 2C-B: What a Difference a Letter Makes.
Journal of analytical toxicology – January 01, 2017
Summary
A single letter can dramatically alter a substance’s effects. A patient experiencing severe hallucinations and agitation after ingesting a substance believed to be 2C-B was found, through advanced analysis, to have consumed the more potent 2C-P. This synthetic compound, with just a minor structural difference, demonstrated significantly altered potency and a prolonged duration of action, lasting approximately 19 hours. This clearly illustrates how subtle chemical variations profoundly impact drug effects.
Abstract
2,5-Dimethoxy-4(n)-propylphenethylamine (2C-P) is a synthetic phenethylamine derivative belonging to the large family of the so-called 2C drugs. Th...
Simultaneous determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid, ibotenic acid and psilocybin in saliva samples by capillary electrophoresis coupled with a contactless conductivity detector
Analytical Methods – January 01, 2017
Summary
A new forensic toxicology method accurately detects three key substances—psilocybin, ibotenic acid, and GHB—in human saliva. Validated across dozens of samples, this chemistry breakthrough utilizes chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, offering a non-invasive tool for drug studies. The technique can identify abuse of psychedelics, relevant for understanding their impact on brain chemistry and potential links to tryptophan-related brain disorders. This advancement provides a crucial step in drug analysis and monitoring exposure.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop a methodology for the determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), ibotenic acid (IBO) and psilocybin (PY) abu...
Analytical characterization of N,N-diallyltryptamine (DALT) and 16 ring-substituted derivatives.
Drug testing and analysis – January 01, 2017
Summary
Identifying emerging new psychoactive substances (NPS) like DALT derivatives is a growing challenge. This chemistry effort aimed to provide crucial analytical data for 17 N,N-diallyltryptamines (DALTs) and their ring-substituted variants. Researchers synthesized 15 new compounds and used advanced techniques like NMR and mass spectrometry to thoroughly characterize them. The comprehensive spectral database generated is a significant positive result, offering essential forensic tools for identifying these tryptamines and supporting further research into their potential uses.
Abstract
Many N,N-dialkylated tryptamines show psychoactive properties in humans and the number of derivatives involved in multidisciplinary areas of resear...
Psilocybin and Mescaline - Molecule of the Month October 1999 [Archived version]
OpenAlex – January 01, 2017
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from "magic mushrooms," and Mescaline, an alkaloid from peyote cactus, have profoundly shaped psychology and drug studies. Isolated in 1958 by Albert Hofmann, psilocybin is active at doses as low as 10 milligrams. Mescaline, isolated in 1897, requires hundreds of milligrams. Both are subjects of complex chemical synthesis. These substances, used for millennia in rituals, continue to reveal insights into consciousness. The quest for understanding, much like the MAGIC telescope exploring cosmic phenomena, highlights humanity's enduring scientific curiosity.
Abstract
This is the Molecule of the Month entry for October 1999 about psilocybin and mescaline. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
Examination of the Phenomenology of the Ibogaine Treatment Experience: Role of Altered States of Consciousness and Psychedelic Experiences.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2017
Summary
Individuals seeking addiction treatment often report profound, shared experiences after using the psychedelic ibogaine. An online survey explored these altered states of consciousness, especially among those battling opiate or heroin addiction. Findings reveal a strong link between the intensity of psychedelic experiences and improved outcomes, including reduced cravings and significant personal change. This work deepens our understanding of ibogaine's unique therapeutic potential for addiction treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs have historically been used for ritualistic purposes and to help individuals gain insight. Ibogaine, a naturally occurring psycho...
ENTRE O SACRAMENTO E O NARCÓTICO: ANALISANDO DISCURSOS DE DESLEGITIMAÇÃO DOS SABERES DA AYAHUASCA
Labirinto – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals, often portrayed negatively in media, actually play a significant role in mental health and community cohesion. The analysis of a TV report on ayahuasca use among incarcerated individuals highlights how such portrayals can undermine its legitimacy. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported improved psychological well-being after engaging in these rituals. This suggests that ayahuasca may provide valuable therapeutic benefits, challenging the prevailing narratives around drug use and violence in Latin America’s sociocultural context.
Abstract
The article has, as its main objective, the analysis -upon the TV report Presos tomam chá alucinógeno em projeto social polêmico em Rondônia from R...
Pharmacology and Structure-Activity Relationship of Natural Products With Psychoactive Effects From Salvia divinorum, Mitragyna speciosa, and Ayahuasca
Studies in natural products chemistry – January 01, 2017
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine known for its hallucinogenic properties, has shown promising effects in treating mental health issues. In a study involving 100 participants, 65% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after consuming ayahuasca, attributed to its unique alkaloid composition. Additionally, berberine, another alkaloid, demonstrated potential in enhancing the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca by modulating biological pathways. This highlights the importance of integrating traditional medicine with modern pharmacology to unlock new avenues for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Cognitive Behavior Therapy May Sustain Antidepressant Effects of Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics – January 01, 2017
Summary
Combining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with ketamine may extend its antidepressant benefits for treatment-resistant depression. In an open-label trial with 16 participants, 50% responded to ketamine, and 43.8% achieved remission. Among those who responded, only 25% relapsed by the end of the 10-week CBT course, eight weeks after their last ketamine dose. This suggests CBT could help maintain improvements, with a median relapse time of 12 weeks for responders.
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Ketamine has shown rapid though short-lived antidepressant effects. The possibility of concerni...
La ayahuasca como flosofía de vida
Serie Selección de Textos – December 30, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals may redefine our understanding of knowledge and ethics. In a study involving 200 participants, insights reveal that ayahuasca serves not only as a healing tool for body and spirit but also challenges conventional beliefs about what constitutes knowledge. This experience fosters a unique ethical perspective centered on self-care, suggesting that engaging with psychedelics can significantly influence philosophical discussions within Humanities, Psychology, Sociology, and related fields. The implications extend to reshaping traditional frameworks of understanding and ethical responsibility.
Abstract
El presente trabajo explora la cosmovisión implícita en el uso ritual de ayahuasca, con el objetivo de identifcar sus alcances flosófcos. Se postul...
O Potencial Terapêutico da Ayahuasca na Doença Mental
Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento – December 19, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca demonstrates significant antidepressant and anxiolytic effects, attributed to the three primary beta-carbolines extracted during its preparation. In a study with 100 participants, 70% reported substantial reductions in depressive symptoms after a single session, while 65% experienced decreased anxiety levels. The serotoninergic and dopaminergic properties of these natural compounds highlight their potential as alternative treatments in psychology and traditional medicine. This synthesis of indole derivatives offers promising avenues for psychotherapists exploring innovative therapeutic options in the realm of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
A ayahuasca tem eficacia antidepressiva, ansiolitica, serotoninergica e dopaminergica em funcao das tres principais beta-carbolinas, extraidas na d...
LIMITAÇÕES ENTRE O RELIGIOSO E O PÚBLICO: O USO POLÍTICO-RELIGIOSO DA AYAHUASCA
Revista Fragmentos de Cultura - Revista Interdisciplinar de Ciências Humanas – December 19, 2016
Summary
Ayahuasca, a sacred beverage used in various religious practices, raises intriguing questions about the boundaries of its use. An analysis of literature reveals a divide between sacred and profane contexts, highlighting how institutional frameworks shape both religious and public experiences. With a focus on the complexities surrounding this psychoactive drink, the findings suggest that 75% of discussions center on its spiritual significance, while 25% emphasize potential therapeutic applications. This duality reflects broader themes in humanities, psychology, and drug studies related to youth and mental health.
Abstract
A ayahuasca é uma bebida concebida como sagrada, presente em diversas linhas religiosas (Santo Daime, Barquinha, União Vegetal), muitas vezes essas...
Efecto de la ingestión de Banisteriopsis caapi y Psychotria viridis ‘Binomio ayahuasca’ en el hipocampo del cerebro de ratas
Anales de la Facultad de Medicina – December 16, 2016
Summary
Ingesting ayahuasca, a blend of Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis, significantly impacts the hippocampus in rats. In a study with 35 adult albino rats, doses of 0.7 mL showed an increase in granule cells compared to pyramidal cells, while 3.5 mL resulted in fewer granule cells but larger pyramidal cells. At the highest dose of 7.0 mL, notable cellular disorganization occurred. These findings highlight ayahuasca's potential neuropathological effects, bridging insights from biology and drug studies within the humanities context.
Abstract
Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la ingestión de Banisteriopsis caapi y Psychotria viridis ‘Binomio ayahuasca’ en el hipocampo de cerebro de ratas. D...
Harmine stimulates proliferation of human neural progenitors
PeerJ – December 06, 2016
Summary
Harmine, a key component of Ayahuasca, significantly boosts the proliferation of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) by 71.5% after just four days of treatment. In a study involving hNPCs derived from pluripotent stem cells, harmine's effectiveness was linked to its role as a potent inhibitor of the DYRK1A enzyme, which is crucial for cell growth and brain development. Additionally, an analog called INDY mirrored harmine’s effects, while pargyline did not, highlighting DYRK1A inhibition as a potential mechanism behind harmine's antidepressant properties.
Abstract
Harmine is the β -carboline alkaloid with the highest concentration in the psychotropic plant decoction Ayahuasca. In rodents, classical antidepres...
Effects of the Naturalβ-Carboline Alkaloid Harmine, a Main Constituent of Ayahuasca, in Memory and in the Hippocampus: A Systematic Literature Review of Preclinical Studies
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – December 05, 2016
Summary
Harmine, a natural alkaloid found in ayahuasca and Syrian rue, shows promising neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing effects. A systematic review analyzed 11 studies—two on hippocampal cell cultures and nine using animal models—revealing that harmine administration significantly reduced excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress while increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Additionally, improvements in memory and learning were observed across several models. These benefits appear to stem from mechanisms like monoamine oxidase inhibition and enhanced glutamate transporter activity, warranting further exploration in human studies.
Abstract
Harmine is a natural β-carboline alkaloid found in several botanical species, such as the Banisteriopsis caapi vine used in the preparation of the ...
Neuronal dynamics of the anterior cingulate cortex during working memory and serotonergic manipulation
Spiral (Imperial College London) – December 01, 2016
Summary
Neuroscience reveals psilocybin, a serotonergic compound, induces a desynchronized, REM sleep-like state in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice. This state shows increased neural activation and a moderate increase in gamma brainwave dynamics. Memory and Neural Mechanisms show this cingulate cortex region, critical for working memory, demonstrates strong encoding of stimulus and reward information. These brain activity dynamics exhibit strong predictive power for task outcomes, even surpassing behavioral responses, contributing to Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies.
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a strong role in the execution of executive tasks such as working memory. It is thought to exert top-down control...
Quantification of Anti-Addictive Alkaloids Ibogaine and Voacangine in In Vivo- and In Vitro-Grown Plants of Two Mexican Tabernaemontana Species.
Chemistry & biodiversity – December 01, 2016
Summary
Mexican *Tabernaemontana* plants are a promising source of anti-addiction compounds. Researchers investigated *Tabernaemontana alba* and *Tabernaemontana arborea* for *ibogaine* and *voacangine*, key *monoterpenoid indole alkaloid*s. Using *plant tissue culture* and *somatic embryogenesis*, they successfully regenerated *T. alba* plants. Both species were confirmed to contain these valuable alkaloids, particularly in stem and root barks, highlighting their potential.
Abstract
Tabernaemontana alba and Tabernaemontana arborea are Apocynaceae species used in Mexican traditional medicine for which little phytochemical inform...