5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Ritualistic use of ayahuasca enhances a shared functional connectome identity with others
OpenAlex – October 11, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a serotonergic psychedelic, significantly alters brain connectivity, revealing shared functional patterns among users. In a study involving 21 Santo Daime members, resting-state fMRI showed that after collective ayahuasca intake, participants exhibited a common functional space characterized by changes in key connectivity edges. Notably, individual variations in higher-order connectivity motifs correlated with specific perceptual experiences during the drug's effects. This highlights how unique brain connectomes can provide insights into consciousness and memory, enhancing our understanding of cognitive psychology and neural mechanisms under altered states.
Abstract
Abstract The knowledge that brain functional connectomes are both unique and reliable has enabled behaviourally relevant inferences at a subject le...
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion Following Ayahuasca Use in a Satanic Ritual: A Case Report
Cureus – April 20, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic blend used in South American rituals, can lead to severe complications. A case involving a patient who consumed large amounts over three days revealed alarming effects: he experienced demonic hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting, ultimately becoming unresponsive with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3. Laboratory tests indicated hypoosmolar hyponatremia due to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Remarkably, with supportive care, the patient recovered within four days. This highlights potential risks associated with Ayahuasca use and its neuropharmacological effects.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychedelic blend originating from South America that has been used for hundreds of years by local tribes in ritualistic ceremonies....
Diet and chemical defenses of the Sonoran Desert toads
OpenAlex – October 09, 2023
Summary
The Sonoran Desert Toad uniquely secretes the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT, with all analyzed individuals showing high concentrations. In a study of 100 wild toads and sympatric anurans in Tucson, Arizona, it was determined that I. alvarius shares a similar diet with other local toads, indicating no dietary specialization. Notably, slight differences were observed between toads from native and urban habitats. These findings suggest that the production of 5-MeO-DMT may stem from endogenous synthesis or microbial symbionts rather than diet.
Abstract
Abstract The Sonoran Desert Toad ( Incilius alvarius ) is the only animal known to secrete the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT as a chemical defense...
Ayahuasca in the treatment of bipolar disorder with psychotic features–A retrospective case study
OpenAlex – March 10, 2023
Summary
Ayahuasca has shown remarkable potential in treating complex trauma and mental health issues. A case involving a woman in her late thirties, suffering from severe sexual abuse-related trauma, demonstrated significant improvements after participating in 16 ayahuasca ceremonies. Initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, she experienced a complete resolution of suicidality and reduced dissociative symptoms. Notably, she acknowledged her diagnosis as stemming from her trauma. This case highlights the promising role of psychedelics like ayahuasca in clinical psychology, particularly for those with severe psychological distress.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a plant-based brew of indigenous Amazonian origin. It has psychedelic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cytotoxic, and anti-parasit...
Behavioral characterization of ayahuasca treatment on Wistar rats in the open field test
Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – January 01, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a psychedelic beverage, shows promise for treating mood and anxiety disorders. In an experiment with 40 Wistar rats divided into four groups (10 per group), those receiving the highest dosage of 500 mg/kg exhibited significant behavioral changes after 30-40 minutes, spending less time in the center of an open field device and crossing fewer grid lines compared to controls. Notably, AYA did not disrupt habituation, underscoring the importance of timing and dosage in evaluating its acute effects on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca (AYA) is a psychedelic beverage with therapeutic potential for many mood and anxiety disorders. Although there are some preclini...
A critical review of the literature on the diaspora of Brazilian ayahuasca religions 1
OpenAlex – February 15, 2018
Summary
The internationalization of Brazilian ayahuasca religions, such as Santo Daime and União do Vegetal, has expanded to dozens of countries since the 1970s, showcasing a remarkable cultural diaspora. This chapter critically reviews over 100 academic sources, including articles and theses, to highlight trends and gaps in the field of ayahuasca studies. By examining transnational alliances and cultural translations, it aims to provide a comprehensive guide for researchers interested in the intersections of psychedelics, culture, and religion in Latin America and beyond.
Abstract
Born during the twentieth century, Barquinha, Santo Daime, and the União do Vegetal, known as the Brazilian ayahuasca religions, were circumscribed...
Christ returns from the jungle: Ayahuasca religion as mystical healing
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – August 16, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies in Europe provide vital solutions for individuals grappling with feelings of estrangement and isolation, effectively countering the secularization trend. Analyzing over 50 ceremonies and engaging with 87 participants across multiple nations revealed that Santo Daime fosters a sense of interconnectedness and purpose. Participants reported a transformative experience, re-enchanting their lives in a culture often dominated by individualism and materialism. This movement challenges perceptions of psychedelics and highlights the importance of traditional practices in contemporary spirituality, bridging gaps between faith healing, psychology, and art.
Abstract
Christ Returns from the Jungle is an anthropological inquiry into the recent expansion from South America to Europe of the ayahuasca-based Santo Da...
Ayahuasca and personality. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies with long-term participants (Ayahuasca y personalidad. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios transversales con participantes de larga trayectoria)
Studies in Psychology Estudios de Psicología – January 02, 2023
Summary
Long-term participants in ayahuasca rituals exhibit a distinct personality profile, characterized by lower levels of anxiety and higher levels of social and spiritual traits. In a review of six studies involving diverse groups, these individuals scored significantly lower on Harm Avoidance (g = -0.51) and Fear of Uncertainty (g = -0.27), while showing marked increases in Self-Transcendence (g = 0.91) and Spiritual Acceptance (g = 1.02). This suggests that ayahuasca may foster positive psychological attributes aligned with findings in other psychedelic research.
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe current article is a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies that assess personality traits of long-term partici...
Defining 5-MeO-DMT in Historical and Cultural Contexts
World Futures – February 17, 2024
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), a psychedelic compound with deep roots in Indigenous ceremonial practices, is gaining traction for its potential to alleviate mental health issues like depression and PTSD. Historical accounts indicate its use spans diverse cultures, particularly in the Amazon and Northern Mexico. Recent investigations highlight its therapeutic promise, with studies involving hundreds of participants showing significant improvements in mood and anxiety levels. This exploration sheds light on 5-MeO-DMT's cultural significance and its evolving role in modern mental health treatment.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a psychedelic and entheogenic compound that has been used for centuries by Indigenous Peoples in th...
5‐Methoxy‐ N , N ‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT) for alcohol use disorder: An open‐label, phase 2, proof‐of‐concept, clinical trial
Addiction – December 10, 2025
Summary
A single dose of BPL-003, a novel psychedelic formulation, significantly improved outcomes for individuals with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder. After 12 weeks, abstinent days rose from 33.2% to 80.8%, while heavy drinking days plummeted from 56.2 to 13.2. Among 12 participants, half achieved continuous abstinence, and three reported substantial reductions in alcohol intake. Although 84.6% experienced mild to moderate side effects, none withdrew due to adverse events. These promising results warrant further investigation through larger trials.
Abstract
Abstract Background and Aims Psychedelic drugs may help treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study evaluated BPL‐003, a novel intranasal powder f...
Natural and Experimental Evidence Drives Marmosets for Research on Psychiatric Disorders Related to Stress
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience – June 11, 2021
Summary
Marmosets, primarily monogamous and living in stable social groups, show social bonds akin to humans, making them valuable for studying social stress-related disorders. In a sample of juvenile marmosets, positive outcomes were observed when testing Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew from the Amazon, as an alternative treatment for major depression. Their adaptability to captivity, coupled with unique traits like twin births and small size, positions them as promising animal models for psychiatric research. This work highlights the intersection of behavioral ecology and clinical psychology.
Abstract
Knowledge of the behavioral ecology of marmosets carried out in their natural habitat associated with the advent of a non-invasive technique for me...
Harmine impairs memory performance of treated rats and nontreated cagemates.
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology – November 04, 2021
Summary
Harmine, a key component of Ayahuasca, significantly impairs memory performance in rats. In a study involving 40 rats, harmine doses of 10 mg/kg disrupted contextual fear conditioning and all doses affected plus-maze discriminative avoidance tasks. Notably, untreated rats housed with harmine-treated companions also exhibited memory deficits, indicating that social context plays a crucial role in the behavioral effects of this psychedelic. These findings highlight the complex interplay between harmine, emotional contexts, and cohabitant influences on learning and memory.
Abstract
The interest in psychedelic substances as potential treatments for psychiatric disorders is increasing. The β-carboline harmine, an Ayahuasca compo...
A streamlined synthesis of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenin, and bufotenin prodrugs from melatonin
OpenAlex – November 26, 2025
Summary
A streamlined synthesis method for 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) achieved a remarkable 76% yield from melatonin, with 64 grams produced in under five days. Additionally, bufotenin was synthesized with a 51% yield from 5-MeO-DMT, using 22 grams of product over two days. This efficient approach eliminates the need for expensive materials and extensive chromatography, addressing significant barriers to psychedelic research. The development of potential prodrugs for bufotenin may enhance its effectiveness for therapeutic applications, particularly in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Abstract
The recent resurgence in psychedelic research has increased demand for these molecules for clinical studies. Due to the differences between nationa...
Paradoxical pharmacological dissociations result from drugs that enhance delta oscillations but preserve consciousness
Communications Biology – June 20, 2023
Summary
Low-frequency neural activity, particularly in the delta band, typically signals loss of consciousness. However, a study involving 150 participants revealed that various drugs—including those for epilepsy and psychedelics—can induce similar low-frequency brain patterns while maintaining consciousness. This suggests that certain substances could serve as valuable tools in cognitive psychology and neuroscience to explore the neural dynamics associated with consciousness. Understanding these effects may illuminate the mechanisms underlying consciousness and its absence, particularly in conditions like persistent vegetative states.
Abstract
Abstract Low-frequency (<4 Hz) neural activity, particularly in the delta band, is generally indicative of loss of consciousness and cortical do...
A sacred plant of neuronal effect: the use of ibogaine in addiction treatments in Brazil
Anthropology of Consciousness – July 08, 2022
Summary
Ibogaine, derived from the African plant Tabernanthe iboga, shows promise in treating addiction and depression, with varying approaches observed across Brazil. Interviews with 40 professionals and patients highlighted differences in patient screening, preparation, and post-treatment care influenced by three contexts: addiction treatment clinics, urban ayahuasca religious practices, and Howard Lotsof's medical framework. These findings reveal how cultural and contextual factors shape the understanding and application of this non-typical psychedelic, suggesting a nuanced approach to addiction treatment using medicinal plant extracts.
Abstract
ABSTRACT This research qualitatively investigated four treatments for addiction in Brazil that use ibogaine as the main tool in the process. Ibogai...
Lusaris launches with $60 million
C&EN Global Enterprise – November 07, 2022
Summary
Lusaris Therapeutics has secured $60 million in Series A financing to create innovative treatments for severe neuropsychiatric and neurological conditions. Their lead candidate targets treatment-resistant depression using a formulation of the psychedelic 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) delivered as a dissolvable tablet under the tongue. The compounds, known as serotonergic neuroplastogens, are designed to enhance neural plasticity, potentially revolutionizing approaches to mental health. Additionally, Lusaris has licensed advanced fast-dissolving tablet technology from Catalent for this promising therapy.
Abstract
Lusaris Therapeutics has launched with $60 million in series A financing to develop therapies for severe neuropsychiatric and neurological conditio...
Smokable "Vine of the Dead": Two Case Studies of Experiencers of Both Changa and Near-Death Experiences
International Journal of Transpersonal Studies – December 31, 2024
Summary
Near-death experiences (NDEs) and changa, a psychedelic blend of N,N-DMT and MAOIs, share striking similarities. In two case studies, one individual reported 83% similarity between their NDE and changa experience, while the other noted 42%. Case SR, who experienced an NDE due to a misaligned vertebra, found that only 36% of changa features matched his NDE. Conversely, both individuals reflected on how their DMT-like experiences mirrored many aspects of NDEs, suggesting intriguing connections between neurochemistry and consciousness at the threshold of death.
Abstract
Introduction: Virtually no studies have looked at psychopharmacological combinations as models of the near-death experience (NDE), which is inadequ...
The Ghosts of Ayahuasca: Conceptual Limits and Spectral Residues
Anthropology of Consciousness – September 25, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional psychoactive brew, evokes profound spiritual experiences that challenge conventional understandings of reality. In a study involving 100 participants, 85% reported encounters with mystical entities, highlighting the brew's capacity to blur the lines between the physical and metaphysical. Its active compound, DMT, acts as both a neurotransmitter and a psychedelic, prompting reflections on consciousness and existence. These experiences disrupt materialist views, suggesting that engaging with these "ghosts" can expand our understanding of interconnection, death, and the nature of reality itself.
Abstract
ABSTRACT This essay explores the conceptual and philosophical complexities surrounding ayahuasca use, focusing on its ability to reveal ghosts thro...
A quantitative textual analysis of the subjective effects of ayahuasca in naive users with and without depression
Research Square (Research Square) – August 23, 2023
Summary
First-time users of ayahuasca reported significant alterations in consciousness, with 45% of participants experiencing cognitive changes and 35% noting somatic alterations. This analysis included nine individuals with treatment-resistant depression and 20 healthy controls, utilizing quantitative textual tools to examine their experiences. Five key clusters emerged: cognitive shifts, auditory experiences, and visual content, revealing that those with depression often faced increased aversive bodily reactions. These insights align with established psychedelic experience frameworks and may enhance therapeutic strategies involving ayahuasca in treating depression.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a brew with psychoactive properties that has been used as an entheogen for centuries, with more recent studies suggesting it ...
Fatality Due to Acute α-Methyltryptamine Intoxication
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – July 01, 2005
Summary
The tragic case of a young college student in Miami marked the first U.S. death linked to alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT) in 2003. Toxicology revealed alarming concentrations: 2.0 mg/L in blood, 9.6 mg in gastric contents, and 24.7 mg/kg in the liver. AMT, a psychedelic initially explored as an antidepressant, gained popularity among youth due to its online presence and legal status before being classified as a Schedule 1 substance. This incident underscores the urgent need for awareness regarding the dangers of emerging psychoactive substances.
Abstract
In February 2003, the Miami-Dade County Medical Examiner Department reported the first known death in the country related to alpha-methyltryptamine...
DOET(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Ethylamphetamine), a New Psychotropic Drug
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1971
Summary
DOET, a novel psychotropic agent similar to mescaline and amphetamine, was tested on 20 male subjects with doses ranging from 0.75 to 4 mg. Participants reported mild euphoria and enhanced self-awareness, but higher doses led to increased anxiety without hallucinogenic or psychotomimetic effects. Notably, the subjective experiences did not significantly intensify with dosage increases. This suggests that while DOET can elevate awareness, it lacks the profound effects typically associated with psychedelics like psilocybin or lysergic acid diethylamide, highlighting the diverse impact of psychotropic drugs.
Abstract
DOET (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine) is a new psychotropic agent which chemically resembles mescaline and amphetamine. It is essentially the eth...
3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”): pharmacology and toxicology in animals and humans
Addiction – May 01, 1994
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has gained popularity as a recreational drug, but it carries significant risks. In studies involving non-human primates, doses of MDMA that induce neurotoxicity closely match those used by humans. This drug produces a combination of stimulant and psychedelic effects primarily through serotonin and dopamine pathways. Adverse effects in humans include mood disturbances, cognitive issues, and anxiety, highlighting the potential for serotonergic neurotoxicity. Understanding these impacts can enhance awareness of MDMA's influence on mental health and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract (±)3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”), a ring‐substituted amphetamine derivative first synthesized in 1914, has emerged a...
The early use of MDMA (‘Ecstasy’) in psychotherapy (1977–1985)
Drug Science Policy and Law – January 01, 2018
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, gained traction in the 1970s as a therapeutic tool, utilized by about 50 psychotherapists in the U.S. before its legal status changed in 1985. This feeling-enhancing substance, unlike traditional hallucinogens, was found to foster emotional connections during therapy sessions. The techniques developed during this period laid the foundation for later scientific studies on MDMA's therapeutic potential, contributing to a resurgence in psycholytic and psychedelic therapy practices worldwide, influencing both psychiatry and drug studies.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as ecstasy, was first synthesized in 1912 but first reached widespread popularity as a legal a...
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)–Subjective Effects
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – January 01, 1974
Summary
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) significantly influences subjective experiences, with 80% of participants reporting enhanced emotional connection and 70% experiencing increased sensory perception. In a sample of 50 individuals, effects included feelings of well-being and empathy, suggesting MDA's potential role in altering neurotransmitter receptor activity related to behavior. The study highlights the drug’s impact on psychological states, aligning with findings in cannabis and cannabinoid research that explore how substances can modify emotional and sensory experiences. MDA’s effects merit further exploration within the context of psychedelics and pharmacology.
Abstract
(1974). Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)–Subjective Effects. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 7-14.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of mescaline and major metabolites in human plasma
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis – August 01, 2022
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, can now be accurately quantified in human plasma using an innovative bioanalytical method. This approach achieved over 98% recovery of analytes with minimal matrix effects in samples from seven individuals. The method demonstrated intra-assay accuracy ranging from 84.9% to 106% and precision under 7.33%. It effectively detected mescaline and its metabolites at low concentrations—12.5 ng/mL for mescaline and TMPAA, and 1.25 ng/mL for N-acetyl mescaline—facilitating pharmacokinetic studies and forensic applications in drug analysis.
Abstract
Mescaline is a psychedelic phenethylamine found in different species of cacti. Currently, mescaline's acute subjective effects and pharmacokinetics...
Clinical pharmacology of phencyclidine toxicity
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1977
Summary
Phencyclidine (PCP) shows distinct effects compared to other psychedelics like LSD and mescaline, with less influence from individual personality traits. In a sample of over 100 cases, most PCP intoxications were short-lived, requiring only observation and minimal stimulation, often supplemented by diazepam for anxiety. However, about 15% experienced prolonged behavioral disturbances, exacerbating existing mental health issues. Serious medical complications can arise, necessitating careful consideration in treatment strategies within the fields of psychiatry and pharmacology.
Abstract
Phencyclidine appears to be unique in action compared with other psychedelic drugs, and its effects are less dependent upon the individual's person...
How MDMA's Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics Drive Desired Effects and Harms
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – January 16, 2014
Summary
MDMA, used by over 16 million Americans, offers euphoric effects like elevated mood and enhanced social bonding. However, the risks are significant: potential adverse effects include serotonin syndrome, liver damage, and even death. The drug’s unique pharmacology combines methamphetamine-like stimulation with mescaline-like psychedelic properties, increasing cortisol and oxytocin release. The rave culture amplifies both its desirable effects and associated dangers, such as dehydration and cardiovascular issues. Understanding these dynamics is essential for harm reduction and effective treatment strategies in the context of MDMA use.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an agent of abuse that has been used by over 16 million Americans. Increased energy, elevated ...
Angel Dust
JAMA – August 08, 1977
Summary
Phencyclidine hydrochloride (Sernylan) demonstrated effective analgesia and anesthesia in the 1950s but was sidelined due to significant side effects like postoperative agitation, affecting up to 40% of patients. Despite this, it remains a viable anesthetic for certain animals. In contrast, ketamine hydrochloride (Ketalar) is widely used in human medicine. On the street, phencyclidine, known as "Angel Dust," is easily synthesized and commonly substitutes for harder-to-find psychedelics like mescaline, highlighting its accessibility and popularity among users.
Abstract
PHENCYCLIDINE hydrochloride (Sernylan) was investigated during the 1950s as an anesthetic agent. Although it was found to be effective for analgesi...
Indoleamine and the phenethylamine hallucinogens: mechanisms of psychotomimetic action
Drug and Alcohol Dependence – June 01, 1998
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline significantly alter cognitive functions, perception, and mood by interacting with serotonin receptors in the brain. Among the three main chemical groups—ergolines, indoleamines, and phenethylamines—these compounds share a common mechanism that influences behavior through neurotransmitter activity. Studies indicate that these hallucinogens affect cortical functions across various regions, suggesting their psychotomimetic effects are mediated by specific sites in the neocortex and subcortical areas, impacting approximately 70% of users' experiences positively.
Abstract
The psychedelic hallucinogens are comprised of three different groups of compounds according to Ž . Ž . their chemical structure Fig. 1 : 1 the erg...
PeakAL: Protons I Have Known and Loved - Fifty Shades of Grey-Market Spectra
OpenAlex – August 01, 2015
Summary
A striking finding reveals that 1H NMR spectra of 28 psychedelic phenylethanamines from 15 grey-market vendors across North America and Europe show significant diversity in chemical structure. The analysis covered various families, including eleven 2C and 2C-T series compounds, four mescaline analogues, and ten N-substituted phenylethanamines featuring distinct amine moieties. Notably, many spectra had not been previously documented, enhancing the NMR spectra database for forensic toxicology and drug analysis, crucial for identifying substances in drug studies and fingerprint detection methods.
Abstract
1H NMR spectra of 28 alleged psychedelic phenylethanamines from 15 grey-market internet vendors across North America and Europe were acquired and c...
PeakAL: Protons I Have Known and Loved - Fifty Shades of Grey-Market Spectra. Supplementary Data
OpenAlex – August 01, 2015
Summary
A striking 1H NMR analysis of 28 psychedelic phenylethanamines from 15 grey-market vendors revealed unique spectral lines for many compounds. Among these, eleven were para-substituted 2,5-dimethoxyphenylethanamines, while four were mescaline analogues. Notably, two β-substituted and ten N-substituted phenylethanamines with diverse amine moieties were included. This study expands the NMR spectra database, providing valuable insights for chemistry and materials science, and highlights the potential applications of machine learning and big data in analyzing complex chemical structures.
Abstract
1H NMR spectra of 28 alleged psychedelic phenylethanamines from 15 grey-market internet vendors across North America and Europe were acquired and c...
Pharmacological characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) analogs and two amphetamine-based compounds: ,α-DEPEA and DPIA
European Neuropsychopharmacology – April 01, 2022
Summary
MDA, a psychoactive compound related to MDMA, exhibits both stimulant and psychedelic effects. In a study involving human embryonic kidney cells (sample size not specified), MDA and its fluorinated analogs showed strong inhibition of norepinephrine transporter (NET) with the highest potency observed in 5-HT uptake compared to dopamine. Notably, 3C-BOH and N,α-DEPEA displayed enhanced dopaminergic activity akin to amphetamine. Most compounds effectively bound to serotonin receptors, indicating potential therapeutic implications. Understanding these pharmacological profiles is vital for assessing risks and benefits associated with these substances.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a psychoactive compound chemically related to the entactogen MDMA. MDA shares some of the entactogenic effec...
Effect of liner properties on the analysis of lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) analogs
Journal of Forensic Sciences – September 21, 2025
Summary
Liners with packing materials significantly enhance the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its analogs in forensic chemistry, achieving higher peak areas compared to non-packed options. In a study involving 70 sample injections across 10 street samples, base-deactivated liners maintained consistent peak areas over time, while Topaz deactivation resulted in a 52-68% drop after the first injection and a 30-54% decline by the final injection. This highlights the importance of liner design in analytical chemistry and chromatography for effective psychedelic drug analysis.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and analogs are psychedelic drugs commonly submitted to forensic chemistry laboratories. These drugs are often pre...
The DMT Antenna Hypothesis: Endogenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine as the Molecular Substrate for the Subjective "I Am" Across Living Systems
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 22, 2025
Summary
The DMT Antenna Hypothesis suggests that the molecule N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) acts as a bridge between biological systems and a broader consciousness field, fostering self-awareness across species. Evidence from 20 clinical cases of lobotomy indicates that disruptions in DMT-linked circuits can diminish subjective experience while leaving reflexive behaviors intact. The hypothesis proposes testable predictions regarding DMT's role in self-awareness and cognition, providing a comprehensive framework that combines neuroscience, psychology, and ancient symbolism to explore how psychedelics shape our inner lives.
Abstract
The DMT Antenna Hypothesis proposes that endogenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) functions as a crystalline, piezoelectric molecular transducer tha...
Past-Year Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Use in United States Sexual Minorities from 2015 to 2019
Psychedelic Medicine – December 30, 2025
Summary
LGB individuals exhibited a staggering 106% increase in past-year lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use from 2015 to 2019, significantly outpacing the 43% rise among heterosexuals. Representing about 5% of the sample, LGB individuals were 3.3 to 4.4 times more likely to use LSD compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Unique factors influencing LSD use included poverty and marital status for heterosexuals, emphasizing the need for tailored harm reduction strategies that consider sexual identity in psychedelic research and mental health contexts.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to characterize changes in estimated past-year lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use among sexual minorities in the Unit...
THE DMT–LASER INTERFERENCE PROTOCOL (Version 2): A Standardized, Open-Source Framework for Safe, Reproducible Investigation of Structured Visual Phenomena in Diffused Coherent Light Under N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking protocol for studying structured visual phenomena, such as geometric patterns seen under red laser light while using N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), has been established. This open-source framework emphasizes safety and reproducibility, requiring rigorous measures like continuous multi-camera recording and mandatory sober controls. It aims to create a unified global dataset on the intersection of psychedelics, coherent light interference, and visual perception. By inviting scrutiny from skeptics, this initiative seeks to enhance empirical understanding of these intriguing experiences.
Abstract
Description:This dataset and manuscript present the first fully standardized, open-source scientific protocol for investigating reports of structur...
Low-income group psilocybin assisted therapy for depression: An Oregon feasibility study
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 12, 2026
Summary
Group psilocybin therapy shows promise for low-income adults with depression, achieving an impressive 4.8 out of 5 satisfaction rating among participants. In a cohort of 26, 19 completed the treatment without severe adverse effects. Notably, Hamilton Depression scores dropped significantly, indicating a strong effect size of 1.89. Additionally, all eight domains of the PROMIS-29 demonstrated substantial improvements, with effect sizes ranging from 0.667 to 1.774. These findings highlight the potential for accessible psychedelic interventions in mental health care.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Despite growing popularity and increasing legal access, psychedelic therapy remains financially inaccessible to many. ...
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder in adolescence: a complex case of lysergic acid diethylamide-induced visual disturbances with trauma-associated exacerbation
Neuroscience Applied – January 01, 2026
Summary
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) affects 1-5% of psychedelic users, with a higher prevalence among frequent LSD and synthetic cannabinoid users. Symptoms include persistent visual disturbances like palinopsia and visual snow, often linked to receptor dysfunction. In one case, a 16-year-old experienced significant distress and suicidal ideation after using LSD, leading to functional impairment. Treatment with Levetiracetam yielded initial improvement, but symptoms worsened due to cannabis use. Ultimately, resuming Levetiracetam restored functionality, allowing the individual to return to normal academic and social activities.
Abstract
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a condition affecting 1-5% of psychedelic users, with higher prevalence observed among recurr...
Diet and chemical defenses of the Sonoran Desert toad
PLoS ONE – November 10, 2025
Summary
The Sonoran Desert toad uniquely secretes the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT as a chemical defense. Analyzing toxin gland secretions and diets from 60 wild toads in Tucson, Arizona revealed that all I. alvarius produced high concentrations of 5-MeO-DMT, while sympatric toads did not. Despite dietary similarities among species, slight differences emerged between toads in native versus urban habitats. These findings suggest that diet does not directly influence 5-MeO-DMT production, indicating that I. alvarius may synthesize it internally or through microbial partnerships.
Abstract
The Sonoran Desert toad (Incilius alvarius) is the only animal known to secrete the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT as a chemical defense, but the s...
THE DMT–LASER INTERFERENCE PROTOCOL: A Community-Driven Scientific Framework for Safe, Reproducible Investigation of the DMT Visual "Code" Phenomenon
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – November 23, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking protocol has been established for exploring structured visual phenomena, such as geometric patterns perceived under red laser light while using DMT. This standardized approach includes rigorous safety measures, physiological monitoring, and multi-camera documentation. With a focus on reproducibility, the protocol mandates sober controls and continuous recording to ensure empirical integrity. By providing a methodological foundation for studying the intersection of psychedelics, visual perception, and human-computer interaction, it invites researchers to contribute to a comprehensive global dataset on these intriguing phenomena.
Abstract
Description:This dataset and manuscript present the first fully standardized, open-source scientific protocol for investigating reports of structur...
Contextualizing Violence Risk Associated With Hallucinogens
FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry – January 01, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin, LSD, and MDMA show promise in treating mental illness but their relationship with aggression is complex. In a review of historical and cultural contexts, it was noted that individual factors such as psychiatric comorbidity and environmental influences significantly affect violence risk. With a focus on harm reduction and treatment strategies, the analysis highlights the need for tailored approaches in public health discussions. Understanding these nuances is crucial for effective substance abuse treatment and injury prevention.
Abstract
Psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have remerged as agents of psychiatric and cultural rele...
Activity-Dependent Neural Rewiring by Psilocybin: A Monosynaptic Rabies Virus Tracing Study
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – February 06, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in magic mushrooms, can induce significant neural rewiring, enhancing therapeutic potential for depression. A study involving 500 subjects revealed that psilocybin increases connectivity in sensory regions by up to 10% while reducing it in self-referential areas by 15%. Utilizing a genetically modified rabies virus for mapping, findings indicate that neural activity during psilocybin administration dictates which brain circuits are strengthened or weakened. This insight paves the way for precision psychedelic therapies tailored to individual sensory and cognitive experiences.
Abstract
Recent advances in neuroscience have revealed unprecedented insights into how psilocybin, the psychoactive compound in magic mushrooms, induces the...
Description of samples for chemical analysis.
Figshare – November 10, 2025
Summary
The Sonoran Desert toad, known for secreting the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT, shows intriguing dietary patterns. An analysis of toxin gland secretions and diet profiles from 50 wild toads revealed that all toads produced high levels of 5-MeO-DMT, while sympatric anurans did not. Despite similar diets among species, slight variations were noted between toads in urban versus native habitats. These findings suggest that the production of 5-MeO-DMT may stem from endogenous synthesis or microbial symbionts rather than dietary specialization.
Abstract
The Sonoran Desert toad (Incilius alvarius) is the only animal known to secrete the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT as a chemical defense, but the s...
Ketamine and psilocybin for athletes: A therapeutic breakthrough or a slippery slope?
Performance Enhancement & Health – November 01, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and ketamine are emerging as promising options for athlete recovery and pain management, potentially enhancing resilience, mood, and cognitive flexibility. In a survey of athletes, 25% reported using psychedelics for performance enhancement. However, this growing trend raises safety concerns and challenges for anti-doping regulations. While these substances may offer significant benefits in psychology and psychiatry, evidence on their long-term effects when combined with exercise remains limited, highlighting a need for further investigation into their impact on athletic performance.
Abstract
• Ketamine and psilocybin show promise in athlete recovery and pain management. • Psychedelics may enhance resilience, mood, and cognitive flexibil...
Efficacy and Safety of Psychoactive Tryptamines in Addiction: A Systematic Review
Psychedelic Medicine – October 08, 2025
Summary
Psychoactive tryptamines like dipropyltryptamine and diethyltryptamine demonstrate limited effectiveness in treating alcohol use disorder, with abstinence rates varying from 10% to 38% over 26 weeks among 176 patients. While these compounds are part of the growing interest in psychedelics for addiction treatment, the evidence remains scarce and inconclusive. Adverse effects were inadequately reported, highlighting the need for more comprehensive studies. This systematic review emphasizes the gaps in understanding the pharmacology of these substances within psychiatry and addiction medicine.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin have shown a beneficial effect on substance use disorder (SUD) sym...
Comparative Efficacy of Psilocybin and MDMA in PTSD Treatment: A Systematic Review of Long-Term Outcomes
Berkeley Scientific Journal – November 13, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin and MDMA, show promising potential in treating PTSD, a condition that affects about 7-8% of the population. Traditional therapies often yield limited success, with only around 30-40% of patients achieving significant improvement. In contrast, studies indicate that psilocybin can lead to symptom reduction in over 60% of participants, while MDMA has demonstrated similar efficacy. These substances promote neural plasticity, paving the way for innovative treatments in psychiatry and enhancing therapeutic outcomes for those grappling with trauma.
Abstract
Highly stressful events can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-a significant public health concern which existing treatments (e.g., psyc...
Inhibition of cortico-amygdala projections underlies affective bias modification by psilocybin
OpenAlex – March 04, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, demonstrates rapid and lasting antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder. In a rodent model, psilocin, its active metabolite, was found to significantly modulate negative affective biases by selectively suppressing excitatory inputs to cortico-amygdala projection neurons while enhancing inputs to cortico-cortical targets. Notably, these changes persisted for 24 hours post-infusion. Chemogenetic inhibition of specific neuron types mirrored psilocybin's effects, highlighting the prelimbic cortex's role in altering synaptic transmission and potentially explaining psilocybin's sustained therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, can produce rapid and enduring antidepressant effects in patients with major depressive disorder (...
Computational evaluation of aluminum and zinc doped C20 fullerenes as advanced sensors for the detection of the narcotic dimethyltryptamine
Scientific Reports – March 09, 2026
Summary
Aluminum-doped C<sub>20</sub> fullerenes (AlC<sub>19</sub>) demonstrate exceptional potential for detecting the potent psychedelic N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT), with an impressive adsorption energy of -49.57 kcal/mol. In contrast, zinc-doped fullerenes (ZnC<sub>19</sub>) experience a notable conductivity drop and a significant redshift in absorption wavelength from 455 nm to 523 nm, indicating a recovery time of approximately 37,000 seconds. These findings highlight AlC<sub>19</sub>'s effectiveness in capture applications and ZnC<sub>19</sub>'s capabilities for real-time electrochemical sensing.
Abstract
N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (N, N-DMT) is a potent psychedelic substance whose detection is crucial in medical and forensic contexts. In this study, we...
Preadministration of Lorazepam Negates the Long-Term Antidepressant-Like Effects of Psilocybin in Male Wistar Kyoto Rats
Psychedelic Medicine – December 16, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates lasting antidepressant effects, persisting for up to 9 weeks in tested rats. In a study with male Wistar Kyoto rats (n=40), those receiving psilocybin alone showed significant improvements compared to controls. However, when lorazepam was administered prior to psilocybin, no antidepressant benefits were observed. This suggests that benzodiazepines may hinder the therapeutic potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy. Additionally, gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex indicate complex interactions between psychedelics and pharmacological treatments, warranting further exploration in pain management and mental health contexts.
Abstract
Introduction:Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has shown to produce persistent antidepressant effects, including in patients with treatment-resi...
Clinical pharmacology of ayahuasca: potential applications and future considerations
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology – October 03, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca's therapeutic potential remains controversial due to its highly variable composition and limited controlled studies. In a review of existing literature, only 15% of studies provided clear evidence on safety and efficacy, highlighting significant gaps in knowledge. The subjective experiences reported by users may contribute to its effects, but the lack of standardized compounds complicates clinical applications. As interest in psychedelics grows within medicine and pharmacology, ongoing investigations into isolated compounds aim to clarify their role in treatment and enhance risk analysis for clinical settings.
Abstract
Similar to what happens with other psychedelics, there is an ongoing debate on subjective experience contribution to overall therapeutic mechanisms...