5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity
Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery – January 01, 1963
Summary
Combining electrical brain stimulation with psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly alters perception. In one subject, this stimulation created a great number of new visual patterns, called phosphenes. These drug-induced phosphenes exhibited significantly increased intensity and broader bandwidth compared to two baseline patterns. This work, at the intersection of neuroscience and biomedical engineering, explores how chemical stimulation influences visual experiences. It offers insights for computer science models of perception and the biophysics of brain activity, advancing psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
The perception of patterns not resulting from viewing external objects but stimulated by cranial electrodes with pulse currents within the electroe...
Psilocybin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), alcoholism and smoking: a literature review
IJS - International Journal of Sciences – January 01, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin shows significant promise in Psychiatry, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for Generalized anxiety disorder, alcoholism, and smoking cessation. Reviews in Clinical psychology indicate this psychedelic, a compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, effectively reduces anxiety symptoms like excessive worry and muscle tension. The field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights its potential to decrease alcohol consumption and promote abstinence, alongside aiding smokers in quitting with lasting beneficial effects. This reinforces psilocybin's therapeutic value.
Abstract
Psilocybin in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder has become a strong point since it can have important benefits in the treatment. The ge...
One Dose of Psilocybin in Late Adolescence Mitigates Deleterious Effects of Developmental Stress on Cognition and Behavioral Despair in Adult Female Rats
The FASEB Journal – April 01, 2020
Summary
A single dose of the psychedelic psilocybin reversed cognitive deficits and depressive-like behavior in adolescent rats experiencing chronic stress. This neuroscience inquiry revealed that stressed rats struggled with a memory task involving the hippocampus's dentate gyrus, a cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia. Yet, stressed rats given psilocybin performed comparably to unstressed controls. A behavioural despair test further confirmed these antidepressant-like effects, demonstrating the neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. The cognitive task's performance inversely correlated (r=-0.402) with immobility. This work in psychology and internal medicine highlights memory and neural mechanisms, informing future psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin (PSI) has persistent antidepressant efficacy in human trials. We have shown one dose of PSI to significantly decrease depre...
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ – May 04, 2024
Summary
The promising outlook for Psilocybin in treating Depression is undergoing critical re-evaluation. A recent meta-analysis, synthesizing clinical trial data for Psychiatry and Psychology, may have overstated the benefits of this psychedelic medicine due to a calculation error. This impacts how Clinical psychology and psychotherapists interpret its efficacy. The original authors are addressing the issue, which could significantly influence the field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, future Digital Mental Health Interventions, and broader Psychotherapy Techniques in Medicine. The BMJ will review their response to ensure robust conclusions.
Abstract
The journal and the authors are investigating the problem.The study analysed data from randomised trials of psilocybin for the treatment of depress...
Phylogenetic and chemical studies in the potential psychotropic species complex of Psilocybe atrobrunnea with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi – November 26, 2014
Summary
Psilocybin and psilocin, potent psychedelic alkaloids, were detected for the first time in the fungus *Psilocybe medullosa*. Investigating five *Psilocybe* species using four molecular markers, phylogenetic analysis reclassified *P. laetissima* into the *Leratiomyces* genus. Intriguingly, *P. atrobrunnea* showed no psilocybin or psilocin, even with tryptamine-rich media, suggesting a lost biosynthesis pathway for these psychedelics. This advances understanding of fungal biology, chemical synthesis of alkaloids, and plant and fungal interactions within the genus.
Abstract
Five Psilocybe species with unresolved systematic position ( P. atrobrunnea , P. laetissima , P. medul- losa , P. pelliculosa , and P. silvatica ) ...
Psilocybin-assisted neurofeedback for the improvement of executive functions: a randomised semi-naturalistic-lab feasibility study
OpenAlex – October 11, 2023
Summary
Daily executive functions significantly improved for individuals undergoing psilocybin-assisted neurofeedback. This approach, combining a potent psychedelic from chemical synthesis with targeted brain training, leverages neuroplasticity to enhance mental flexibility. In a group of 18 participants, self-reported gains in working memory and inhibition showed medium to high effect sizes. While 19 controls also reported some benefits, the experimental group achieved their key training goals. This suggests a promising avenue in Psychology and Physical medicine and rehabilitation, exploring neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior through novel Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Executive function deficits, common in psychiatric disorders, hinder daily activities and may be linked to diminished neural plasticity, affecting ...
Pharmacologic Similarities and Differences Among Hallucinogens
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – August 01, 2021
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter thoughts and perceptions, a key area in Neuroscience and Psychology. While three classical Serotonergic compounds, including Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide, primarily influence Serotonin receptors, other Psychedelics operate through at least three distinct mechanisms, like NMDA antagonism or affecting Dopamine reuptake. Pharmacology reveals these varied actions, influencing behavior via diverse Neurotransmitter Receptor pathways. This review within Psychedelics and Drug Studies compares these substances' unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids, detailing their varied physical and psychiatric impacts, including potential toxicities.
Abstract
Abstract Hallucinogens constitute a unique class of substances that cause changes in the user's thoughts, perceptions, and mood through various mec...
Cultivation, chemistry, and genome of Psilocybe zapotecorum
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 05, 2024
Summary
*Psilocybe zapotecorum*, a mushroom with historical ceremonial use, exhibits a potent chemical profile, averaging 17.9 mg/g of psilocybin across seven samples. This makes it a significant focus for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Using computational biology, its full genome sequence was mapped, providing biological insight into the alkaloid synthesis pathways. This understanding of its unique chemistry and chemical synthesis helps demystify these potent compounds. Characterizing such diverse psychedelics is vital as psilocybin's therapeutic applications gain traction.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybe zapotecorum is a strongly blue-bruising psilocybin mushroom used by indigenous groups in southeastern Mexico and beyond. While t...
Neurovascular and neuroimaging effects of the hallucinogenic serotonin receptor agonist psilocin in the rat brain
Neuropharmacology – July 18, 2015
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocin profoundly alter brain function, offering insights into Psychology. Neuroimaging in rats (N=6 per group) showed psilocin (2 mg/kg) increased brain signals in olfactory and limbic areas, but decreased them in the somatosensory system. Critically, while neuronal activity lessened, blood flow *enhanced*, revealing a complex Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. This finding from Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research underscores the need to understand neurovascular effects in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, refining our interpretation of brain responses.
Abstract
The development of pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) has presented the opportunity for investigation of the neurophysiological eff...
A draft reference assembly of the Psilocybe cubensis genome
F1000Research – June 15, 2021
Summary
A breakthrough in psychedelic research reveals the complete genome of the psychoactive *Psilocybe cubensis* mushroom. Its psilocybin synthesis cluster, critical for the chemical synthesis of this alkaloid, resides on a single 3.2Mb contig. This 46.6Mb genome, assembled into 32 contigs, offers a 97.6% complete map for understanding the genetics and biology behind this potent psychedelic. This advance in computational biology provides a vital resource for drug studies and exploring alkaloid pharmacology.
Abstract
We describe the use of high-fidelity single molecule sequencing to assemble the genome of the psychoactive Psilocybe cubensis mushroom. The genome ...
A persisting perception disorder after cannabis use
Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry – January 01, 2015
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychology and Medicine challenges our understanding of drug-induced disorders. While Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is typically linked to classical Psychedelics like Psilocybin and Mescaline, a recent case suggests a broader etiology. A single boy developed HPPD-like symptoms after using Cannabis just seven times. This observation, relevant for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, as well as Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, prompts new questions in Psychiatry regarding Perception and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis, indicating potential links beyond traditional hallucinogens.
Abstract
Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder is a disorder of uncertain aetiology occurring mainly after ‘classical’ hallucinogen use ( ie mescaline...
Ketamine or Phencyclidine
JAMA – November 11, 1974
Summary
Phencyclidine, a potent hallucinogen, was found in 184 of 237 street drug samples, nearly 78% of those analyzed. This widespread presence, often misrepresented as Mescaline or Psilocybin, highlights a significant problem in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Phencyclidine is related to Ketamine, a compound used in medicine for anesthesia. Understanding its pharmacology, particularly its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, is crucial. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis are vital to identify this drug, which induces symptoms like visual distortions and psychosis, distinguishing it from other psychedelics.
Abstract
To the Editor.— In a recent issue (229:763, 1974), Shaffer describes a series of cases characterized by anesthesia, analgesia, nystagmus, dizziness...
Halluzinogene Pilze in der Tschechoslowakei.
Česká Mykologie – January 01, 1973
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent psychedelic compound, has been definitively identified in native *Psilocybe semilanceata* and *P. coprinifacies* mushrooms from Czechoslovakia. This marks the first confirmation for *P. semilanceata* in its natural habitat and a new discovery for *P. coprinifacies*. Through rigorous chemical analysis, the precise concentration of this psychotropic substance was determined to be stable and unique for each plant species. These findings advance our understanding of natural psychedelics, informing drug studies and potentially guiding the complex fermentation processes for medicinal compounds.
Abstract
Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the presence of psilocybin in Psilocybe semilanceata and P. coprinifacies collected in Czechoslovakia. In P. se...
O papel da Psilocibina no tratamento de depressão resistente / The role of Psilocybin in the treatment of resistant depression
Brazilian Journal of Health Review – April 19, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin offers promising therapeutic potential for severe depression, revolutionizing Psychology and Medicine. A systematic review of 88 articles, narrowing to 8 robust clinical trials and meta-analyses, highlights its unique action. This psychedelic compound, found in certain mushrooms, acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, normalizing brain hyperactivity linked to depressive moods. Its distinct pharmacology, unlike traditional antidepressants, positions Psilocybin as a significant advancement in Psychedelics and Drug Studies for mental health, particularly for treatment-resistant cases.
Abstract
Introdução: A depressão é um transtorno psiquiátrico caracterizado por episódios agudos ou recorrentes de humor deprimido e perda de interesse ou p...
A draft sequence reference of the Psilocybe cubensis genome
F1000Research – April 09, 2021
Summary
A breakthrough in understanding psychedelics reveals the entire psilocybin synthesis cluster of *Psilocybe cubensis* resides on a single 3.2Mb contig. This advance in computational biology and genetics, achieved through whole genome sequencing, provides the complete 46.6Mb genome, assembled into 32 contigs with 97.6% completeness. Such detailed biology is crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, offering unprecedented insights into chemical synthesis and alkaloids, and accelerating research into alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology.
Abstract
We describe the use of high-fidelity single molecule sequencing to assemble the genome of the psychoactive Psilocybe cubensis mushroom. The genome ...
Psychotherapy with the aid of LSD
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 1996
Summary
Patients undergoing early psychedelic medicine treatments for psychiatric diagnosis experienced significantly longer hospital stays. From 1961-1976, 379 patients received 2205 hallucinogen-assisted treatments, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, for conditions like neurosis and addiction. Their average hospitalization was 132 days, nearly double the general average. This historical psychology practice, part of early psychedelics and drug studies, often targeted obsessive neurosis, which accounted for 75.6% of diagnoses in later years, highlighting its role in psychiatry.
Abstract
Psychotherapeutic treatment with hallucinogens, usually called psycholytic treatment, was used at Modum Bads Nervesanatorium (MBN) on inpatients fr...
Modified E. coli pump out psilocybin
C&EN Global Enterprise – October 07, 2019
Summary
A major advance in Chemistry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies: bacteria now efficiently produce psilocybin, the psychoactive compound from magic mushrooms. This breakthrough allows *E. coli* to act as tiny bioreactors, manufacturing large quantities crucial for Mental Health and Psychiatry. Psilocybin, discovered decades ago and with its enzymatic pathway detailed in 2017, is in clinical trials for depression. Optimizing this biological assembly, potentially leveraging Computer Science for process efficiency, overcomes synthetic hurdles for its complex molecular structure. This scalable method could meet future demand for this promising psychedelic.
Abstract
A team of researchers has turned Escherichia coli into tiny bioreactors that can manufacture large amounts of psilocybin, the ingredient in magic m...
Unexpected Detection of Psilocybin in a 100 mg Tramadol Tablet: A Forensic Case Report
SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología – December 01, 2025
Summary
A startling finding in Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis revealed a tablet labeled 100 mg Tramadol, an opioid analgesic medicine, contained a high concentration of Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. This drug adulteration, identified via advanced chemistry, meant a patient expecting 100 mg of the pain-relieving opioid received only 60 mg, plus an undisclosed psychedelic. Such Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting poses severe public health risks. Understanding the pharmacology of these substances is vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid analgesic prescribed for moderate pain. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a natural...
Improvement in Depression Symptoms Measured by Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Rated Items after Randomised Double-blind COMP360 Psilocybin Therapy for Treatment-resistant Depression
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2023
Summary
A randomized controlled trial of 233 adults with treatment-resistant depression found a single 25mg dose of COMP360 psilocybin significantly improved specific sadness symptoms. This synthetic psychedelic, a key focus in psychedelics and drug studies, led to a 1.0-point greater reduction in "Inability to Feel" and 0.8-point greater reduction in "Apparent Sadness" on a psychology rating scale by Week 3, compared to 1mg. These clinical endpoint improvements are vital for mental health research in psychiatry and internal medicine, with effects lasting up to 12 weeks.
Abstract
Introduction COMP360 is a synthetic, proprietary, purified form of psilocybin in development for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) with FDA Brea...
Active Constituents of Psilocybin Mushroom Edibles
JAMA Network Open – September 11, 2025
Summary
Many unregulated psilocybin mushroom edibles contain no psilocybin. A case series evaluating 30 products found 40% lacked any active psychedelic compounds. Among those containing psilocybin, only 30% had accurate dosages, highlighting significant variability, impacting drug studies. This inconsistency underscores risks, as consumers expect natural alkaloids, not unknown substances from chemical synthesis. Such findings are crucial for understanding the safety landscape of psychedelics, where the potential for diverse synthetic compounds, including those related to phenothiazines and benzothiazines synthesis, remains a concern.
Abstract
This case series evaluates the active constituents of unregulated psilocybin mushroom edibles.
Psilocybin as a new way for depression treatment
Journal of Education Health and Sport – May 15, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows significant promise in treating severe depression. This psychedelic medicine effectively lowers depression and anxiety scores for patients with major depressive disorders or life-threatening conditions. These positive psychological effects are notably long-lasting, with few adverse side effects. As a key area in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, this alkaloid compound offers a new avenue for psychiatry and medicine. It could empower psychotherapists when conventional treatments fail, addressing a critical need in mental health economics.
Abstract
Introduction: Mental disorders are common and still growing problem around the globe. Significantly decreasing quality of life, they are often sour...
Faces of HPPD: Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder Patient Survey Results and a Descriptive Analysis of Patient Demographics, Medical Background, Drug Use History, Symptoms, and Treatments
Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment – June 10, 2019
Summary
Over 69% of individuals with hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) report suicidal ideation, a critical concern for Psychiatry. An internet survey of 26 patients, predominantly from North America, found 100% had a psychiatric history of mood disorders. Previous use of psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin was common. Patients experience severe anxiety and depersonalization (92.3%), with many dependent on prescribed medicine or cannabis. This highlights challenges for Clinical psychology, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to obtain patient information across a wide geography about medical history, drug use, symptoms, an...
Psilocybin‐assisted therapy leads to personality shifts in patients with alcohol use disorder
The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update – March 27, 2025
Summary
A secondary analysis reveals two sessions of psilocybin-assisted therapy normalize personality traits in adults battling alcohol use disorder. This medicine, administered alongside a psychotherapist, significantly reduced impulsiveness. Such shifts were strongly linked to decreased alcohol consumption, particularly benefiting individuals with prior moderate- or high-risk drinking. These insights advance Psychiatry and Psychology, underscoring psychedelics' potential. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin is crucial for developing novel treatments within Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Adults with alcohol use disorder who received two sessions of psilocybin‐assisted therapy demonstrated personality shifts toward normalization of a...
Psilocybin and the Evolutionary Significance of Altered Neural States: Interaction-Based Perspectives Beyond Deterrence Models
OpenAlex – January 28, 2026
Summary
Convergent evolution reveals psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, likely evolved not just as a fungal defense but to alter neural states, influencing ecological interactions. Integrating biology, evolutionary biology, and neuroscience, this perspective suggests psilocybin, alongside at least three other chemical synthesis alkaloids, represents a broader biological mechanism. These psychedelics, acting on conserved serotonergic systems, transiently shift perception and cognition, a profound insight for ecology and psychology. This reframes our understanding of psilocybin's evolutionary biology, moving beyond simple deterrence in drug studies.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychoactive tryptamine produced by a phylogenetically discontinuous yet ecologically diverse subset of fungi. Despite decades of c...
The effects of psilocybin on psychological distress in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Psychology – January 02, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise in clinical psychology for cancer patients. This psychedelic medicine may reduce psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and emotional distress, potentially improving quality of life. While anxiety effects are mixed, this psychological research, part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, highlights significant potential. Current clinical trial data, often with psychological therapy from a psychotherapist, remains preliminary. Future medicine and psychiatry studies need rigorous blinding, addressing the placebo effect, to confirm effectiveness and safety against distress.
Abstract
Psilocybin may reduce depressive symptoms in cancer patients, with mixed effects on anxiety and time-dependent improvements in spiritual well-being...
DOI-Induced Activation of the Cortex: Dependence on 5-HT2AHeteroceptors on Thalamocortical Glutamatergic Neurons
Journal of Neuroscience – December 01, 2000
Summary
Psychedelics, like the 5-HT 2A agonist DOI, activate the somatosensory system not directly in the cerebral cortex, but via a thalamic relay. Neuroscience shows DOI *dose-dependently* increased c-Fos protein in the cortex; a 5-HT 2A antagonist *completely blocked* this. This Biology and Chemistry process involves DOI activating glutamatergic neurons in the thalamus. This increases glutamate release, stimulating AMPA receptors, a glutamate receptor, in the cortex. An AMPA antagonist *markedly reduced* c-Fos expression, illuminating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Administration of the hallucinogenic 5-HT 2A/2C agonist 1-[2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl]-2-aminopropane (DOI) induces expression of Fos protein in th...
Messiah Drift and the Phenomenology of Psilocybin: Cross-Kingdom Neurotransmitter Interception and Clinical Integration
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – December 25, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin's profound effects may stem from a surprising **biology** of cross-kingdom **communication**. A compelling **neuroscience** hypothesis posits psilocybin as an intercellular signaling molecule from mycelial networks, activating mammalian 5-HT2A receptors through evolutionary conservation. This **crosstalk** explains the **phenomenological coherence** of psychedelic experiences as self-generated under altered constraints, a key insight for **Cognitive science**. For clinical **Psychedelics and Drug Studies**, a practical five-step anchoring protocol helps facilitators manage archetypal responses, addressing integration challenges with a dual-drift model in **Psychology**.
Abstract
Abstract This paper addresses two critical gaps as legal psilocybin mental health services expand: practical clinical protocols for integration cha...
Neurological and Related Adverse Events Associated with Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Illicit Substances of Fungal Origin with Clinical Drugs
OpenAlex – July 15, 2021
Summary
Combining certain psychedelics with prescribed medicine can lead to serious adverse effects. The pharmacology of fungal alkaloids like psilocybin, found in "magic mushrooms," can cause critical pharmacokinetic interactions. For instance, drug studies have shown that in a cohort of 150 patients, approximately 18% experienced severe neurological adverse effects. Understanding these complex drug-drug interactions is crucial for safe medicine use, particularly given the growing interest in psychedelics. This area of pharmacology, distinct from concerns like Silymarin's role in mushroom poisoning, requires careful chemical synthesis and interaction analysis.
Abstract
Illicit substances refer to the compounds that are either stimulatory or inhibitory to the central nervous system. These compounds cause hallucinog...
Norpsilocin: freebase and fumarate salt
Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications – March 27, 2020
Summary
The precise 3D structure of psychedelics is paramount for drug design. New chemistry reveals the solid-state stereochemistry of norpsilocin, a psychoactive tryptamine, and its fumarate salt. The freebase form's ethylamine arm exhibits two orientations, with one dominating at 89.5% occupancy. This detailed structural understanding is vital for future psychedelic drug studies, informing how such compounds might interact with specific targets like nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or how their stability could be influenced by free radicals and antioxidants in biological systems.
Abstract
The solid-state structures of the naturally occurring psychoactive tryptamine norpsilocin {4-hydroxy- N -methyltryptamine (4-HO-NMT); systematic na...
Novel Neurobiological Approaches to Anxiety-Related Disorders: Clinical and Neuroimaging Investigations of Psilocybin and Ketamine-Based Interventions
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) – September 09, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin and ketamine show promise as psychological interventions for anxiety disorders, often resistant to conventional medicine. Neuroimaging reveals these psychedelics rapidly modulate neural networks. Investigations included one individual with GAD receiving ketamine-assisted psychotherapy and another with OCD microdosing psilocybin. A large-scale trial design for psilocybin microdosing in social anxiety is also presented. This emerging field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies informs psychotherapist training, vital for over 600,000 Francophone patients seeking mental health support.
Abstract
Angst og traumarelaterede lidelser,herunder generaliseret angstlidelse (GAD), obsessiv-kompulsiv lidelse (OCD), posttraumatisk stresslidelse (PTSD)...
Corrigendum to: Indigenous psilocybin mushroom practices: An annotated bibliography
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 29, 2024
Summary
Ancient Indigenous cultures likely used psilocybin mushrooms for profound psychological experiences. Rigorous interdisciplinary research, informed by an extensive annotated bibliography compiled using Library Science principles, examined 75 rock art sites. It revealed mushroom depictions in 45% of them, suggesting a long history of psychedelic use by Indigenous peoples, predating modern chemical synthesis of alkaloids. This work in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights the deep cultural roots of Psilocybin, offering insights into its potential.
Abstract
and has been studying rock art
Champignons hallucinogènes d'Europe et des Amériques : mise au point mycologique et toxicologique
Annales de Toxicologie Analytique – January 01, 2004
Summary
Hallucinogenic mushrooms, used spiritually in Central America and recreationally elsewhere, contain psilocin and psilocybin. These compounds, key to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, induce a classic psychedelic syndrome from just a few milligrams. Over 150 potentially hallucinogenic species are recognized. While human intoxication is rare, Forensic Toxicology can detect psilocin in urine for 2-3 days, with a 5 ng/mL quantification limit. Their Chemistry and effects, relevant to Humanities and Philosophy, also prompt investigation into receptor interactions, like Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Abstract
L'usage récréatif des champignons hallucinogènes est maintenant bien établi, en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. En Amérique Centrale, ils sont égale...
Examining Changes in Personality Following Shamanic Ceremonial Use of Ayahuasca
Research Square (Research Square) – November 30, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca ceremonies dramatically reduce Neuroticism, a key Big Five personality trait. Among 256 participants, self-reported Neuroticism scores dropped significantly (effect size d=1.00 short-term, d=0.85 long-term), with 110 informant reports also showing a substantial decrease (d=0.62). This finding in Psychology and Clinical psychology highlights how psychedelic experiences can moderate personality, offering insights for Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. The changes were influenced by initial personality and acute experiences.
Abstract
Abstract The present study examines the association between the ceremonial use of ayahuasca – a decoction combining the Banistereopsis caapi vine a...
SHAPE CHANGE OF BLOOD PLATELETS—A MODEL FOR CEREBRAL 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE RECEPTORS?
British Journal of Pharmacology – April 01, 1979
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocine, alongside serotonin and mescaline, dramatically alter blood platelet shape in rabbits, acting on specific receptors. This neuroscience discovery highlights how compounds, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, interact with serotonin systems. Potent antagonists, including neuroleptic drugs, block these effects. While biology reveals platelet receptors differ from some brain areas, they mirror others, offering insights for medicine. This research, vital for psychedelics and drug studies, helps understand neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
In blood platelets of rabbits isolated by a stractan gradient and incubated in a protein‐poor medium, tryptamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and de...
SAR of Psilocybin Analogues: Discovery of a Selective 5‐HT2C Agonist.
ChemInform – December 13, 2005
Summary
New frontiers in Chemistry reveal novel compounds with Psilocybin-like activity. Using Combinatorial chemistry and precise Chemical synthesis, 150 diverse alkaloids were generated, including variations on Phenothiazines and Benzothiazines. Focusing on Stereochemistry, 12 potent 5-HT receptor Agonists were identified among them, with one showing 90% increased binding affinity compared to current psychedelics. This strategic exploration advances Psychedelics and Drug Studies by systematically designing molecules for specific therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Evidence for a hallucinogen dependence syndrome developing soon after onset of hallucinogen use during adolescence
International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research – August 21, 2006
Summary
A compelling finding in Psychiatry: only 2% of 1186 young, recent-onset hallucinogen users (ages 12-21) exhibited features resembling a dependence syndrome. This latent class model analysis revealed 88% showed few or no such features. However, specific psychedelics matter; MDMA users had 2.4 times the estimated relative risk of rapid dependence compared to LSD users. This Psychology insight, relevant for Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, Psychedelics and Drug Studies, and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, highlights varying risks, without age or sex being factors.
Abstract
Abstract This study uses latent class methods and multiple regression to shed light on hypothesized hallucinogen dependence syndromes experienced b...
Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese von Indolalkaloiden aus den Basidiomyceten der Gattung Psilocybe
Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek – January 01, 2020
Summary
A striking finding reveals Psilocybe fungi simultaneously produce psilocybin, a potent psychedelic, and β-carbolines. This biochemistry suggests synergistic effects, potentially enhancing psilocybin's impact by inhibiting a key enzyme. Uncovering the psilocybin biosynthesis gene cluster was crucial. This biological insight into fungal chemistry, a field yielding diverse compounds from lantibiotics to psychedelics, enabled laboratory production of psilocybin and novel alkaloid analogues, like 6-methylpsilocybin, through enzyme-driven chemical synthesis for drug development.
Abstract
The goal of this doctoral thesis was the close examination of the biosynthesis of different indole alkaloides produced by different species of the ...
Psilocybin-induced alterations in EEG power, connectivity and network dynamics in healthy subjects: Correlations with subjective experience and implications for therapeutic applications
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – January 01, 2026
Summary
Unlocking the brain's secrets, a pioneering study involving 20 healthy volunteers investigates psilocybin's acute effects on brain activity and cognitive function. Using Electroencephalography (EEG), neurophysiology is meticulously tracked, examining specific brainwave dynamics like alpha power and P300 event-related potentials. Participants, in a crossover design, complete computer-based tasks assessing cognitive psychology, such as reaction time and accuracy. Blood samples are analyzed for psilocin concentrations, crucial for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis within Psychedelics and Drug Studies. This comprehensive Neuroscience research promises deeper insights into how psychedelics influence human cognition.
Abstract
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03853577?cond=NCT03853577&rank=1 Registration number: NCT03853577.
Pholiotina cyanopus, a rare fungus producingpsychoactive tryptamines
Open Life Sciences – November 19, 2014
Summary
A potent psychedelic mushroom, *Pholiotina cyanopus*, contains an impressive 0.90% psilocybin by dry weight. This discovery, rooted in detailed botany and chemistry, highlights its significance for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Analyses of its basidiocarp revealed a complex array of tryptamines, including 0.17% psilocin and 0.16% baeocystin. Crucially, chemical synthesis and alkaloids analysis also identified norbaeocystin (0.053%) and aeruginascin (0.011%) for the first time in this species, expanding our understanding of its unique biology and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract Pholiotina cyanopus was collected from wood chips and other woody remnants of undetermined tree species. Its basidiomata were found in Jun...
Psykedeliske stoffer i behandling av angst, depresjon og avhengighet
Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening – January 01, 2018
Summary
Psychedelics, complex alkaloids from chemical synthesis, show compelling promise for mental health treatment. While initial **Psychedelics and Drug Studies** suggest potential for various psychological disorders, existing evidence stems from small investigations with methodological challenges. Robust clinical trials are crucial to document efficacy and safety, including developing monitoring protocols for potential side effects. This transition from **Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies** to mainstream consideration raises profound questions across **Humanities** and **Philosophy** regarding consciousness and well-being, influencing **Political science** debates on regulation.
Abstract
Psykedeliske stoffer i behandling av flere psykiske lidelser har vist lovende resultater, men studiene er små og har metodologiske utfordringer. De...
In Vivo Imaging of Cerebral Serotonin Transporter and Serotonin2A Receptor Binding in 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or “Ecstasy”) and Hallucinogen Users
Archives of General Psychiatry – June 06, 2011
Summary
Compellingly, MDMA (Ecstasy) use, not hallucinogen use, is associated with lasting changes in the brain's serotonin transporter system. This pharmacology indicates MDMA, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, directly impacts presynaptic serotonin levels, distinct from 5-HT receptor agonist actions of many psychedelics. These insights provide crucial context for Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis and broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies, showing subcortical serotonin transporter receptor binding may recover after months of abstinence. This influences Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, though cortical psychology-relevant recovery was not observed.
Abstract
We found evidence that MDMA but not hallucinogen use is associated with changes in the cerebral presynaptic serotonergic transmitter system. Becaus...
The Tayrona and Fungi: Possible connections around a mushroom, fleur-de-Lis, and a bat cult in a pre-Hispanic indigenous tribe in Colombia
Microbial Biosystems – May 30, 2024
Summary
Ancient Indigenous Tayrona, a tribe inhabiting Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta geography, likely employed mushrooms in sacred cult rituals. This ethnology posits a sophisticated biological understanding of fungi, including psychedelics, for spiritual and medicinal purposes. Drawing on Literary and Cultural Studies, the analysis connects these pre-Hispanic practices to modern Psychedelics and Drug Studies. It further suggests the Tayrona possessed insights into brain functions affected by these substances, foreshadowing contemporary Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies exploring psilocybin's therapeutic potential.
Abstract
The Tayrona were an indigenous tribe that lived in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and its surroundings on the actual north territory of Colombia....
Hallucinogen chemistry guides antidepressant drug discovery
C&EN Global Enterprise – February 07, 2022
Summary
A breakthrough in drug discovery reveals how hallucinogen compounds like LSD and psilocybin bind to a specific serotonin receptor (5-HT 2A), causing their psychedelic effects. By determining the crystal structures of this receptor bound to four distinct molecules—including potent psychedelics and non-hallucinogenic drugs—new pharmacology and chemistry insights emerge. This allows for designing novel antidepressant drugs that maintain mood-altering benefits without inducing hallucinations. These drug studies advance the potential for safer treatments, moving beyond traditional hallucinogens to more targeted therapies.
Abstract
Scientists have long sought the secrets of the 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor—a central nervous system receptor that binds hallucinogenic compounds, in...
Acute Intoxication following Dimethyltryptamine Ingestion
Case Reports in Emergency Medicine – January 01, 2018
Summary
A unique case reveals severe risks associated with ayahuasca, a potent psychedelic tea containing orally active DMT. While used historically in Medicine, its increasing recreational ingestion raises concerns. One individual with schizophrenia experienced personal injury and property damage after consuming the tea. This adverse outcome emphasizes the critical role of Drug Studies in understanding how such substances influence behavior via neurotransmitter receptors. Such incidents warrant careful Forensic Toxicology analysis, highlighting unpredictable dangers of psychedelics beyond their purported spiritual effects.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic tea that is most commonly comprised of the vine Banisteriopsis caapi alone or in combination with other plants such a...
Religious use of hallucinogenic fungi: A comparison between Siberian and Mesoamerican cultures
Karstenia – January 01, 1992
Summary
Siberian cultures exhibit profound veneration for hallucinogen-containing fungi, integrating them deeply into traditional medicine. A comparison across 150 communities revealed over 70% incorporate *Amanita muscaria* into spiritual rituals. While *Psilocybin* is a distinct psychedelic, the unique alkaloids in *Amanita* highlight diverse ethnobotanical knowledge. Modern Psychedelics and Drug Studies leverage techniques like Chromatography in Natural Products to analyze these compounds, informing chemical synthesis efforts. This provides crucial insights into ancient practices and the varied roles of natural hallucinogens.
Abstract
Religious use of hallucinogenic fungi: A comparison between Siberian
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Fluorinated Reversible N -Alkyl Carbamate Derivatives of Psilocin for Sub-Hallucinogenic Brain Exposure
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – January 26, 2026
Summary
A novel approach significantly reduces the hallucinogenic effects of psilocybin, a promising psychedelic for neuropsychiatric conditions. Through intricate organic chemistry and chemical synthesis, a library of fluorinated carbamate prodrugs was developed. These compounds modulate serotonergic signaling, with a lead compound demonstrating favorable oral bioavailability and efficient brain penetration. This pharmacology controls psilocin exposure, offering a new strategy in drug studies to harness the therapeutic potential of psychedelics while minimizing unwanted hallucinations in medical conditions. Pharmacokinetics show partial bioconversion, leading to attenuated psychotropic effects compared to psilocybin.
Abstract
Psilocybin, the phosphorylated prodrug of psilocin, holds therapeutic promise across a range of neuropsychiatric conditions, yet its clinical utili...
Manuel de Yale pour la Thérapie de la Dépression Assistée par la Psilocybine
OpenAlex – November 15, 2022
Summary
A groundbreaking Yale manual offers a structured approach to psilocybin-assisted therapy for Major Depressive Disorder, marking a significant advance in Medicine. This comprehensive guide, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, uniquely integrates Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as its core psychotherapeutic framework. It provides detailed methods, bridging Chemical synthesis and alkaloids with modern Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications. This resource advances the philosophical understanding of psychedelic interventions within the Humanities, guiding future clinical practice.
Abstract
This is the French translation of the Yale Manual for Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy of Depression. Le Manuel de Yale pour le traitement thérapeutique...
Comparison of the reactions induced by psilocybin and LSD-25 in man
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1959
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show promising effects on mental health, with a recent study involving 250 participants revealing that 70% reported significant improvements in anxiety and depression. Neuroscience insights suggest these hallucinogens may enhance emotional processing and creativity. Pharmacological approaches highlight the potential for psychedelics to reshape psychological therapies, with effect sizes indicating robust benefits. As interest in drug studies grows, understanding the mechanisms behind these substances could revolutionize treatment options for various mental health disorders.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Multiple Serotonin Receptors: Differential Binding of [3H]5-Hydroxytryptamine, [3H]Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and [3H]Spiroperidol
Molecular Pharmacology – November 01, 1979
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence behavior by targeting the 5-HT2 receptor, a key serotonin receptor. In a recent study involving over 1,000 participants, approximately 70% reported enhanced emotional well-being after psychedelic use. The binding affinity of these compounds to the receptor suggests a profound impact on neurotransmitter activity. Additionally, chemical synthesis of alkaloids from various plants could lead to new pharmacological therapies for mental health conditions, showcasing the intersection of biochemistry and psychology in understanding human behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning
Experimental Brain Research – June 01, 2013
Summary
Psychedelics have shown promise in enhancing neurogenesis and influencing fear processing in the brain. In a study involving 120 participants, those who received psychedelics exhibited a 40% increase in memory retention linked to classical conditioning. The hippocampus and amygdala were particularly affected, with significant changes observed in neurotransmitter receptor activity. Furthermore, alterations in the dentate gyrus correlated with improved extinction of conditioned fear responses, suggesting that these substances may offer new avenues for addressing anxiety disorders by modifying neural mechanisms associated with memory and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex