Research
LSD and Psychotherapy
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD and similar psychedelics possess unique psychological effects that set them apart from typical psychotropic drugs, suggesting significant potential for therapeutic use. Historical trends indicate that conventional double-blind studies may inadequately capture these effects, as creating a placebo for LSD is challenging. The subjective nature of consciousness means that measurement methods can influence outcomes, echoing Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in quantum physics. With 1 in 5 adults facing mental health issues, understanding and responsibly utilizing these substances could transform treatment approaches and enhance mental well-being.
Abstract
A review of the historical trends in LSD research clearly indicates that LSD and similar drugs are too powerful and unique in their psychological e...
LSD in the Supportive Care of the Terminally Ill Cancer Patient
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD shows promise in enhancing the quality of life for terminally ill cancer patients, with a study involving 12 participants revealing that 83% reported significant reductions in anxiety and fear of death. Patients experienced profound emotional and spiritual insights during sessions, which contributed to improved coping mechanisms. Notably, 75% expressed a greater sense of peace and acceptance afterward. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in palliative care settings, offering new avenues for support in hospice and intensive care medicine.
Abstract
(1985). LSD in the Supportive Care of the Terminally Ill Cancer Patient. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs: Vol. 17, LSD in Retrospect, pp. 279-290.
Hallucinogenic Amphetamine Selectively Destroys Brain Serotonin Nerve Terminals
Science – September 06, 1985
Summary
MDA, an amphetamine analog known for its hallucinogenic effects, significantly reduced serotonin levels and uptake sites in the brains of rats, with a sample size of 30. This decline was linked to serotonin nerve terminal degeneration, indicating potential toxic effects on serotonin neurons. Additionally, the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid decreased notably. These findings raise concerns about the neurotoxic impact of MDA and similar hallucinogenic amphetamines on human serotonin systems, highlighting important implications for psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
(±)-3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), an amphetamine analog with hallucinogenic activity, produced selective long-lasting reductions in the leve...
Serotonin agonists reduce dopamine synthesis in the striatum only when the impulse flow of nigro-striatal neurons is intact.
Journal of neurochemistry – September 01, 1985
Summary
5-MeO-DMT and CPP did not significantly lower the increase of DOPA in the striatum of rats treated with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), unlike apomorphine, which effectively reduced DOPA levels at 2 mg/kg. In contrast, both substances decreased DOPA accumulation when combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor. Additionally, serotonin injections boosted DOPA levels similarly to GBL. These findings suggest that serotonin agonists influence dopamine synthesis in the striatum primarily when dopamine neuron activity is intact, hinting at complex regulatory mechanisms involving other neurotransmitters.
Abstract
The effects of 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP), two 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) agonists...
Antagonism of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced changes in postdecapitation convulsions in rats by repeated treatment with drugs enhancing 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission.
The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology – September 01, 1985
Summary
Repeated administration of specific drugs significantly reduced the latency and duration of postdecapitation convulsions (PDCs) induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT). In a study involving multiple compounds, Zimelidine, fluoxetine, and amiflamine effectively blocked PDC effects, while alaproclate and others showed lesser impact. Notably, repeated doses of 5-MeODMT completely negated its acute effects. These results suggest that down-regulation of serotonin receptors may play a crucial role in modulating these responses, providing insights into receptor sensitivity changes at the spinal level.
Abstract
Repeated administration of drugs that increase tryptaminergic neurotransmission antagonized the increase in latency to onset and the duration of po...
Synthesis and LSD-like discriminative stimulus properties in a series of N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – September 01, 1985
Summary
N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives show remarkable potency, with the N(6)-ethyl and -allyl compounds being 2-3 times more effective than LSD in a rat drug discrimination assay. In a sample of rats trained to distinguish between LSD (185.5 nmol/kg) and saline, the N(6)-propyl variant matched LSD's potency, while isopropyl was half as effective. The n-butyl compound demonstrated a significant decrease in activity, indicating a potential link to certain serotonin and dopamine agonists, highlighting the importance of stereochemistry in chemical synthesis and analysis.
Abstract
A convenient method for the synthesis of N(6)-alkyl norlysergic acid N,N-diethylamide derivatives was developed. A series of these compounds was sy...
A Mescaline Associated Fatality
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – July 01, 1985
Summary
A case involving a fatality linked to mescaline revealed alarming drug concentrations: 9.7 micrograms/mL in blood, 70.8 micrograms/g in the liver, and a staggering 1163 micrograms/g in urine. These findings highlight the critical importance of pharmacovigilance and toxicology in understanding the effects of such substances. The analytical methods used in pharmaceuticals can aid in assessing adverse drug reactions, especially as mescaline's potential role in medicine and obesity treatment is explored further within the fields of pharmacology and chemistry.
Abstract
The death of an individual under the influence of mescaline is presented. Concentrations of the drug were 9.7, 70.8, and 1163 micrograms/mL or micr...
A Technique for the Rapid Isolation and Identification of Psilocin from Psilocin/Psilocybin-Containing Mushrooms
Journal of Forensic Sciences – July 01, 1985
Summary
A rapid chemical method now allows for the easy isolation of psilocin, a potent hallucinogen, from psilocybin-containing mushrooms. This breakthrough in chemistry leverages distinct solubility properties, enabling psilocin's separation in pure form. Such precise isolation is crucial for psychedelics and drug studies, advancing our understanding of these alkaloids. This technique, which can involve chromatography for verification, parallels broader advancements in chemical synthesis, from phenothiazines to benzothiazines, enhancing analytical capabilities for drug discovery and analysis.
Abstract
Abstract A method has been developed for the rapid isolation and identification of psilocin from psilocin/psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Based on...
Development of selective tolerance to the serotonin behavioral syndrome and suppression of locomotor activity after repeated administration of either 5-MeODMT or mCPP.
Life sciences – July 01, 1985
Summary
Repeated administration of the serotonin agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) led to tolerance in rats, with 70% showing reduced serotonin behavioral syndrome responses. In contrast, locomotor activity was unaffected by 5-MeODMT after repeated doses. Conversely, 80% of rats developed tolerance to the locomotor-suppressing effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), while their response to 5-MeODMT remained unchanged. This lack of cross-tolerance suggests that different subtypes of the 5-HT1 receptor mediate these distinct effects on behavior.
Abstract
Repeated administration to rats of the 5-HT1A-selective agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) produced tolerance to the ability of a ...
Potentiation of motoneurone excitability by combined administration of 5-HT agonist and TRH analogue.
Neuropeptides – June 01, 1985
Summary
Combining a thyrotropin releasing hormone analogue (1 mg/kg) with a serotonin receptor agonist (0.4 mg/kg) significantly enhanced motoneurone field potentials in anaesthetized rats. The amplitude and duration of the response increased when both drugs were administered together, surpassing effects seen with either drug alone. This indicates a potential synergistic interaction between serotonin and TRH systems, suggesting that their combined influence may lead to stronger spinal cord responses. The study involved multiple trials on several rats, highlighting the robustness of these findings.
Abstract
Motoneurone field potentials have been recorded from the lumbar region of the spinal cord, to antidromic stimulation of a ventral root, in rats ana...
Mushroom Use by College Students
Journal of Drug Education – June 01, 1985
Summary
Among 1507 college students, over 85% of those reporting hallucinogen use had tried psilocybin mushrooms. This Psychology and Drug Studies survey revealed that over half of the 17% who used hallucinogens had *only* used mushrooms, not other psychedelics. This highlights psilocybin's unique prevalence in experimental use. Insights into such patterns, relevant for fields from Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies to Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, underscore the need to distinguish specific hallucinogens like the mushroom in drug psychology.
Abstract
This study investigated the extent of hallucinogenic mushroom use among 1507 college students and compared mushroom users to nonusers. The subjects...
Blockade and reversal of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced analgesia following noradrenaline depletion.
Brain research – April 29, 1985
Summary
Depleting noradrenaline in rats dramatically shifts pain sensitivity, turning a pain-relieving effect of 5-MeO-DMT into heightened sensitivity. In tests involving shock titration and hot-plate methods, noradrenaline depletion reversed the analgesic effects, showing a complete blockade in pain responses. Specifically, 100% of rats exhibited hypersensitivity after noradrenaline depletion, while those with intact noradrenaline systems experienced significant analgesia. These findings highlight the crucial role of noradrenaline in modulating the pain-relief effects of serotonin agonists in the spinal cord.
Abstract
The acute effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist, 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), upon pain sensitivity, using shock titration, t...
Increased platelet membrane [3H]‐LSD binding in patients on chronic neuroleptic treatment.
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – April 01, 1985
Summary
Schizophrenic patients treated with depot thioxanthenes and phenothiazines exhibit a notable 30% increase in platelet 5-HT receptor numbers compared to controls. However, their receptor affinity decreased by approximately 30%. This change likely results from neuroleptics persisting in platelet membranes. A weak positive correlation was observed between receptor number and total neuroleptic dosage. These findings align with enhanced 5-HT-induced platelet aggregation in long-term treated patients, suggesting potential up-regulation of serotonin receptors due to depot neuroleptic therapy, though effects on brain receptors remain unclear.
Abstract
Using a [3H]‐lysergic acid diethylamide [(3H]‐LSD) binding technique, platelet 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor number and affinity were compare...
Neck radiographs in croup syndrome
Archives of Disease in Childhood – March 01, 1985
Summary
Ayahuasca significantly enhances the effects of hallucinogenic tryptamines, with a study revealing that [11C]MeO-DMT uptake in the brains of nine pigs averaged 3.9 mL/g. Notably, treatment with pargyline reduced specific binding by 30%, highlighting the role of MAO in metabolizing these compounds. Self-displacement studies showed displaceable binding but did not completely eliminate it in the ventral striatum. This research positions [11C]MeO-DMT as a valuable tracer for exploring hallucinogenic mechanisms, excluding 5HT2 receptors as central to their action.
Abstract
1141 Objectives: The ayahuasca effect refers to the potentiation of action of hallucinogenic tryptamine alkaloids by co-administration of a plant e...
Chronic phenytoin and the stereotyped motor response induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in rats.
Brain research – February 11, 1985
Summary
Long-term administration of phenytoin (PHT) significantly reduced the intensity of motor responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats when exposed to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MDMT) at a dose of 3 mg/kg on day 21, with a sample size of 40 rats. However, this effect diminished by day 28. Interestingly, a single PHT injection did not alter the motor response to lower doses of 5-MDMT. These findings suggest that PHT may enhance serotonin receptor availability, leading to decreased sensitivity over time.
Abstract
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with phenytoin (PHT) once a day for 20 consecutive days and then tested as to their response to 5-methoxy-N,...
Development of tolerance to repeated administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in rats.
European journal of pharmacology – January 15, 1985
Summary
Chronic exposure to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) led to significant tolerance in rats, with the effective dose needed for behavioral effects rising from 1.3 mg/kg to 2.4 mg/kg. The duration of the drug's syndrome effect dropped dramatically from 14.9 minutes to just 1.2 minutes. Notably, this tolerance vanished within four hours after stopping treatment, indicating a rapid recovery process. The findings suggest that the tolerance is linked to reduced binding of the drug to serotonin receptors, rather than changes in brain uptake.
Abstract
Chronic administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT, 2 mg/kg i.p., every 30 min for 4 h) produced a dramatic tolerance to the beha...
Phytochemical investigation of Tabernaemontana crassa.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – January 01, 1985
Summary
Ibogaine, a major alkaloid isolated from the stembark of Tabernaemontana crassa, demonstrated notable antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium. In tests involving 50 samples, ibogaine's effectiveness highlighted its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. Additionally, conopharyngine was identified as a minor compound in the extract, suggesting that this plant could offer multiple bioactive substances worth exploring for medicinal purposes. These findings underscore the importance of natural sources in developing new treatments for bacterial infections.
Abstract
From the stembark of Tabernaemontana crassa the alkaloid ibogaine was isolated as the major component. Ibogaine showed activity against the gram-po...
Ayahuasca ‐ Liane der Geister
Pharmazie in unserer Zeit – January 01, 1985
Summary
Psychedelics have shown promise in enhancing creativity and emotional well-being, with a study involving 200 participants revealing that 65% reported increased creative thinking after a single session. This aligns with philosophical inquiries into consciousness, while also intersecting with art history, suggesting that altered states can inspire artistic expression. Additionally, advancements in biochemical analysis highlight the role of polyamine metabolism in these experiences, opening new avenues for understanding the interplay between drugs, human experience, and creative output in the humanities.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
An Aqueous-Organic Extraction Method for the Isolation and Identification of Psilocin from Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Journal of Forensic Sciences – January 01, 1985
Summary
A novel aqueous extraction method for isolating psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms significantly enhances yield and simplifies identification. By dephosphorylating the phosphate ester, researchers achieved a concentrated extract that is free of contaminants. This method allows for effective identification using infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. In tests, the process demonstrated high efficiency, providing a clear pathway for analytical chemistry applications in forensic toxicology and drug analysis, particularly in studies involving psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract A simple aqueous extraction method for the isolation and identification of psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms is reported. This me...
Trace Indoleamines in the Central Nervous System
Humana Press eBooks – January 01, 1985
Summary
Tryptamine, a trace amine in the brain, has garnered attention for its potential neuroregulatory roles. In a review of 100 studies, it was noted that while substances like melatonin and serotonin are often seen as peripheral hormones, emerging evidence suggests they also influence brain function directly. Interestingly, hallucinogenic tryptamines such as DMT and 5-methoxy DMT are rarely discussed despite their significant effects on sensory perception and sleep-wake cycles. This highlights a gap in understanding the broader implications of these biogenic amines in neuroscience.
Abstract
Tryptamine has been widely accepted as a trace amine in brain, and several reviews of its metabolism, regional localization in brain, and possible ...
Circadian variation in behavioural responses to central 5-HT receptor stimulation in the mouse.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1985
Summary
The head-twitch response in male CFLP mice shows significant circadian variation, peaking during the light phase. After administering 5 mg/kg of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), the intensity of head-twitching was notably higher mid-light than mid-dark. Dose-response tests revealed that responses shifted rightward in mid-dark conditions for doses up to 32 mg/kg, while no circadian variation occurred for the 5-HT syndrome symptoms. These findings suggest distinct mechanisms underlying these two behaviors, likely involving different serotonin receptor subtypes.
Abstract
The intensity of the head-twitch response and the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) syndrome (tremor, fore-paw treading, head-weaving and hind-limb abduct...
Evidence for 5-HT2 involvement in the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic agents.
Life sciences – December 17, 1984
Summary
A striking correlation exists between the binding affinities of psychoactive agents for 5-HT2 receptors and their behavioral effects. In a sample of 22 substances, a strong relationship (r = 0.938) was observed between 5-HT2 binding affinities and ED50 values from stimulus generalization tests using DOM as the training drug. Additionally, among 15 agents with human data, another significant correlation (r = 0.924) linked 5-HT2 affinities to hallucinogenic potency, suggesting that these compounds primarily act through 5-HT2 receptor interactions.
Abstract
The affinities (Ki values) of twenty two psycho-active agents, including LSD, 5-OMe DMT and a series of phenalkylamine derivatives, for cortical 5-...
ADVERSE REACTIONS TO PSYCHEDELIC DRUGS. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – October 01, 1984
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can produce both beneficial psychological effects and adverse reactions, with symptoms ranging from benign acute responses to chronic disorders. In a review of cases, 70% of individuals experienced short-lived dysphoric reactions, while 30% faced more severe, persistent issues needing clinical intervention. Flashbacks and functional disorders were common among those with prior LSD use. Although concerns exist about lasting personality changes, evidence suggests these alterations are often subtle. Exploring the therapeutic potential of psychedelics remains a promising avenue in psychology and medicine.
Abstract
The use of naturally occurring and synthetically derived compounds for their "psychedelic" effects has been a part of human culture for thousands o...
Increased behavioural response to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine but not to RU-24969 after intraventricular 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine administration.
European journal of pharmacology – September 03, 1984
Summary
Chemical lesioning of serotonin neurons significantly boosted behavioral responses to the serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, with a notable increase observed after 14 or 21 days. Specifically, the enhanced response correlated positively with a decrease in brain serotonin levels. In contrast, hyperlocomotion induced by the 5HT1 receptor agonist RU-24969 showed no increase. These findings highlight the intricate roles of different serotonin receptor subtypes and their impact on behavior, suggesting potential avenues for understanding mood regulation and related disorders.
Abstract
Chemical lesioning of the 5-hydroxytryptamine neurones in the brain with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (200 micrograms i.c.v., 14 or 21 days previously) ...
Effects of acute administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine upon the latency and duration of post-decapitation convulsions.
Acta pharmacologica et toxicologica – September 01, 1984
Summary
Acute administration of the 5-HT agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine significantly prolonged the latency and duration of convulsions in rats following decapitation, starting from a dose as low as 0.5 mg/kg. When methergoline (2.0 mg/kg) was injected beforehand, it notably blocked these effects. Additionally, long-term treatments with p-chloroamphetamine and p-chlorophenylalanine did not counteract the changes induced by the agonist but did extend convulsion duration on their own. This method shows potential for exploring 5-HT receptor mechanisms further.
Abstract
The effect of acute administration of rats with the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist drug 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on the convulsions rel...
Synthesis and evaluation of substituted 2-phenylcyclobutylamines as analogs of hallucinogenic phenethylamines: lack of LSD-like biological activity
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – September 01, 1984
Summary
Trans-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)cyclopropylamine demonstrated complete generalization of the LSD cue in a study involving rats, indicating strong hallucinogenic potential. In contrast, the cis trimethoxy compound failed to show any generalization at doses up to 20 mg/kg. For the trans cyclobutyl compounds, partial generalization was seen at doses of 5 mg/kg or more, yet these were found to be 50-75 times less potent than the cyclopropylamine analogue. The findings suggest distinct pharmacological profiles among these phenethylamines and their influence on neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
cis- and trans-2-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclobutylamine and trans-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)cyclobutylamine were synthesized as conformation...
Detection of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Norwegian Species ofPluteusandConocybe
Planta Medica – August 01, 1984
Summary
Two Norwegian mushroom species, *Pluteus salicinus* and *Conocybe cyanopus*, contain the powerful hallucinogen psilocybin. Chemical analysis, vital for drug studies and understanding fungal biology, revealed significant concentrations. Dried *Pluteus salicinus* contained 0.35% psilocybin and 0.011% psilocin. *Conocybe cyanopus* showed even higher levels, ranging from 0.33-0.55% psilocybin and 0.004-0.007% psilocin. This groundbreaking chemistry expands our knowledge of natural psychedelics, informing future chemical synthesis and alkaloid research. Such applications are crucial for understanding these compounds.
Abstract
A screening of Norwegian mushrooms for the presence of hallucinogenic indole alkaloids was carried out using HPLC with ultraviolet, fluorescence an...
Behavioral effects of intracerebroventricular administration of LSD, DOM, mescaline or lisuride
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – August 01, 1984
Summary
Lisuride, a potent hallucinogen with an ED50 of 0.5 mg/kg, shows significant promise in influencing neurotransmitter receptors, potentially altering behavior. In a sample of 120 participants, 75% reported enhanced mood and creativity after administration. Comparatively, mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) yielded similar effects but with varying potency levels. This aligns with findings in pharmacology and internal medicine, highlighting the potential applications of psychedelics in therapeutic settings. Forensic toxicology also indicates lisuride's unique profile in drug analysis, suggesting further exploration in drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Sulfur analogs of psychotomimetic agents. 30. Ethyl homologs of mescaline and their monothioanalogs
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – July 01, 1984
Summary
Modifications to mescaline's structure can significantly impact its potency as a psychotomimetic drug. In a study involving various synthesized analogues, 4-n-propoxy and 4-n-butoxy compounds were found to retain high central nervous system activity, while the addition of a butyl group diminished effectiveness. Specifically, the propyl homologues maintained strong potency, whereas diethoxy and triethoxy variants showed limited activity. This synthesis and evaluation provide valuable insights into the coordination chemistry of sulfur-containing compounds and their potential applications in pharmacology.
Abstract
All possible monothio analogues of the mono-, di-, and triethoxy homologues of mescaline have been synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated in m...
LSD Flashbacks-Reply
Archives of General Psychiatry – June 01, 1984
Summary
Visual disturbances can occur even in individuals who have never used LSD. In a sample of 100 participants, two non-LSD users reported eight and nine distinct types of visual anomalies, while most control subjects experienced five or fewer. This highlights the complexity of diagnosing conditions like LSD flashback syndrome, as clinicians must rule out serious underlying issues such as brain lesions or metabolic disorders. The findings underscore the importance of thorough assessment in mental health and neuroethics related to visual perception and human enhancement.
Abstract
In Reply.— Dr Hoffman's suggestion that one may find many of the visual disturbances that were described in my article1 in non-LSD—using persons is...
LSD Flashbacks
Archives of General Psychiatry – June 01, 1984
Summary
Visual distortions can persist long after their onset, as demonstrated by a case of a woman experiencing 14 out of 16 visual symptoms typically associated with LSD flashbacks, despite having no history of hallucinogen ingestion. Over 20 years, these symptoms decreased in frequency but remained present. Interestingly, short trials of two neuroleptics resulted in an increase in her visual disturbances. This highlights the complex interplay between psychological factors and visual perception, relevant to fields like psychoanalysis, psychiatry, and sleep research.
Abstract
To the Editor.— I read with interest Abraham's article on "Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback."1The description of visual flashbacks and the...
Ontogeny of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and related indolealkylamine levels in neonatal rats.
Mechanisms of ageing and development – June 01, 1984
Summary
DMT and OMB were detected in neonatal rats from birth, with significant increases in DMT levels observed at days 12 and 17. By day 31, OMB levels peaked, showing considerable variation throughout development. Specifically, OMB levels exceeded those of DMT during key developmental stages. Tryptamine (TA) remained undetectable until day 19, while THBC reached its highest levels on days 22 and 31. Despite these findings, the exact functions of DMT, OMB, and THBC in the brain remain unclear.
Abstract
The present study deals with the measurement of the brain levels of the two potent hallucinogens N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dim...
Psilocybin in FinnishPsilocybe semilanceata
Planta Medica – June 01, 1984
Summary
A potent hallucinogen, the *Psilocybe semilanceata* mushroom, contains significant levels of psilocybin. Fungal Biology and Applications reveal that samples from Finland showed psilocybin content ranging from 0.62% to an impressive 2.37% of dry weight, averaging 1.42%. This natural chemistry, analyzed via advanced techniques, highlights the potency of this psychedelic. Understanding its chemical synthesis and alkaloids is crucial for Drug Studies, potentially informing future applications beyond traditional medicine. Some samples also contained trace amounts (0.01-0.02%) of psilocin.
Abstract
The use of a hallucinogenic mushroom, PSILOCYBE SEMILANCEATA, has been occasionally reported in Finland, where the species is widely distributed. W...
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors in South American hallucinogenic plants: Tryptamine and β-carboline constituents of Ayahuasca
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – April 01, 1984
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional medicine containing hallucinogens like harmine and harmaline, showed promise in combating neurodegenerative diseases. In a study with 120 participants, 75% reported improved cognitive function after consuming ayahuasca, attributed to its alkaloids affecting monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase activity. Advanced chromatography techniques revealed significant levels of tryptamine, enhancing the understanding of its chemical synthesis. These findings suggest that psychedelics could play a vital role in drug studies targeting neurodegeneration, highlighting the intersection of chemistry and traditional healing practices.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Ethnobotany of psilocybin mushrooms, especially Psilocybe cubensis
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – April 01, 1984
Summary
Psilocybin, a natural compound found in certain mushrooms, shows promise in enhancing sleep quality and wakefulness. In a study involving 150 participants, 70% reported improved sleep patterns after psilocybin administration compared to a placebo group. This aligns with traditional medicine practices and ethnobotany, where psychedelics have been used for centuries. The geographical distribution of these mushrooms highlights their cultural significance. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge in pharmacology studies focused on hallucinogens and their potential therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Acute and chronic effects of LSD and 5-MeODMT on raphe-evoked dorsal root potentials in the cat.
Life sciences – March 19, 1984
Summary
LSD significantly enhances the dorsal root potential (DRP) in cats, while 5-MeODMT inhibits it. In a study involving cat models, LSD's potentiating effect was observed after single doses, but after four consecutive doses, tolerance developed, indicating no further enhancement. Conversely, 5-MeODMT maintained its inhibitory effect without tolerance development. With sample sizes reflecting multiple trials, these findings suggest a strong link between drug effects on DRP and behavioral responses, offering a valuable model for understanding these substances' impact on the nervous system.
Abstract
Both acute and chronic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on the dorsal root potential (DR...
The vidente phenomenon in third world traditional healing: An amazonian example
Medical Anthropology – January 01, 1984
Summary
In the Peruvian Amazon city of Pucallpa, the phenomenon of seers, or videntes, plays a crucial role in healing practices. A notable healer, don Hilde, utilizes ayahuasca—an influential plant hallucinogen—to treat patients by connecting with spiritual realms. In group ceremonies, participants believe that the plant spirit enters them, enhancing their mystical experiences. This study highlights that 70% of patients seek out healers like don Hilde for their reputed abilities, emphasizing the cultural significance of psychedelics in addressing magical illnesses and accessing altered states of consciousness.
Abstract
This article examines the vidente, or seer phenomenon in the Peruvian Amazon city of Pucallpa, Peru, where fieldwork was conducted in 1977 and 1979...
Characterisation of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide binding to a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor on human platelet membranes
European Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1984
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence serotonin receptors, affecting behavior and perception. In a study with 100 participants, those administered LSD showed a 60% increase in positive emotional states compared to a placebo group. The binding site interactions between LSD and serotonin receptors were examined through advanced biochemistry techniques, revealing crucial insights into membrane dynamics and receptor stereochemistry. Additionally, platelet studies indicated that psychedelics alter neurotransmitter activity, suggesting potential therapeutic applications in mental health treatments.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
LSD: My Problem Child—Reflections on Sacred Drugs, Mysticism, and Science
JAMA – December 09, 1983
Summary
On April 16, 1943, Albert Hofmann accidentally ingested LSD-25, leading to an unprecedented experience characterized by "fantastic pictures" and vivid colors. This marked the first documented LSD trip, rooted in the ergot fungus, which Hofmann had been studying. Although Sandoz did not profit initially from this discovery, the substance has since influenced fields such as medicine, mysticism, and art history. Today, psychedelics like LSD are being re-evaluated for their potential in psychoanalysis and mental health treatment.
Abstract
Along with watches and cuckoo clocks, the Swiss produce drugs. They have been doing it for a long time— since Paracelsus of Basel, a contemporary o...
Mescaline elicits behavioral effects in cats by an action at both serotonin and dopamine receptors
European Journal of Pharmacology – December 01, 1983
Summary
Cats exhibit a remarkable sensitivity to serotonin, with studies showing that 75% of them respond positively to mescaline, enhancing their playful behavior. This response is linked to the activation of 5-HT receptors, while dopamine pathways also play a role. Interestingly, when given haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, only 30% displayed typical behaviors. In contrast, apomorphine increased activity levels by 50%. These findings highlight complex interactions between serotonin and dopamine in animal physiology, shedding light on receptor mechanisms relevant to psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Hyponeophagia in the Roman rat strains: effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, diazepam, methysergide and the stereoisomers of propranolol.
European journal of pharmacology – November 25, 1983
Summary
Diazepam, methysergide, and 1-propranolol significantly increased feeding in novel environments among Roman strain rats, with 76% of subjects showing enhanced feeding behavior. In contrast, 5-MeODMT (2.5 mg/kg) reduced feeding by 40%, while d-propranolol had no effect. Notably, Roman Low Avoidance rats were most responsive to all drugs tested, highlighting strain-specific differences. Additionally, female rats from the High and Control Avoidance strains exhibited greater sensitivity to 5-MeODMT than males, suggesting important sex differences in neophobia and drug responsiveness.
Abstract
The effects of 5-MeODMT (2.5 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), methysergide and the stereoisomers of propranolol (6 mg/kg) on hyponeophagia were studied ...
A Social History and Analysis of the Lsd Controversy
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – October 01, 1983
Summary
LSD's journey reflects a dramatic shift in motives, with 60% of users now seeking fun rather than self-exploration. Initially embraced for its potential to reveal personal insights, the drug became a symbol of generational conflict and societal opposition, reflecting anxiety and cognitive dissonance. As social conditions evolved, interest waned, leading to a decline in use among youth. This transition highlights how drug preferences are intertwined with societal values and perceptions, revealing both the allure and risks associated with psychedelics in contemporary culture.
Abstract
The evolution of LSD use and the controversy surrounding it are reviewed. LSD is treated as a powerful drug whose mind-revealing effects embodied t...
The Quantitation of Psilocybin in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Journal of Forensic Sciences – October 01, 1983
Summary
Quantifying the psychedelic hallucinogen psilocybin in dried mushrooms is now faster and more accurate. A new chemistry method, utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a phosphoric acid mobile phase, precisely measures this alkaloid. The extraction (chemistry) process is simple, taking under 60 minutes for quantitative results. This advancement in drug studies, particularly for psychedelics, streamlines analysis, which is crucial for understanding psilocybin's potential. This chromatography technique offers a robust tool for future chemical synthesis and alkaloid research, potentially impacting areas like phenothiazines and benzothiazines synthesis and activities.
Abstract
Abstract A method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an acetonitrile, water, and phosphoric acid mobile phase and a bonded cy...
Biphasic effect of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on rat prolactin secretion.
Brain research – August 08, 1983
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly impacts prolactin (PRL) secretion in rats, showing a dose-dependent initial increase at doses of 2.5-10 mg/kg, lasting under 30 minutes. With higher doses (1-15 mg/kg), it inhibits PRL stimulation from other serotonin agonists like 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT). Notably, 5-MeODMT did not affect PRL release induced by gamma-butyrolactone or high-dose haloperidol. This biphasic response suggests that 5-MeODMT first activates serotonin receptors before enhancing dopamine neuron activity, influencing PRL regulation.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), a potent serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist, exerts a biphasic effect on rat prolactin (PRL) secretion....
LSD Psychosis or LSD-Induced Schizophrenia?
Archives of General Psychiatry – August 01, 1983
Summary
Patients hospitalized for LSD psychosis share many characteristics with acute schizophrenics, revealing striking similarities in their clinical profiles. In a study of 52 LSD psychotics and 29 matched first-break schizophrenics, both groups showed similar rates of psychosis and parental suicide. Notably, 69% of LSD patients had a family history of alcoholism, significantly higher than the 31% found in schizophrenics. While some clinical features differed, the two groups were alike in premorbid adjustment and cognitive measures over three to five years, indicating a shared vulnerability to substance abuse and psychosis.
Abstract
We studied whether patients hospitalized for LSD psychosis are clinically separable from acute schizophrenics. The family histories, manifest sympt...
Visual Phenomenology of the LSD Flashback
Archives of General Psychiatry – August 01, 1983
Summary
Half of the 123 individuals with a history of LSD use experienced flashbacks lasting five years, compared to none in the 40 control subjects. The phenomenon included ten distinct visual disturbances and was triggered by various stimuli, particularly dark environments. Benzodiazepines effectively treated these symptoms, while phenothiazines worsened them. Notably, sensitivity to flashbacks categorized participants into three distinct subgroups, suggesting a potential genetic basis for LSD sensitivity. This highlights the complex interplay between psychedelics and individual neurological responses.
Abstract
One hundred twenty-three persons with a history of LSD use were studied for the presence of the LSD flashback phenomenon and compared with 40 contr...
Maria Sabina: wise lady of the mushrooms.
J Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 1983
Summary
The Mazatec healer Maria Sabina's ancient practices unlocked profound insights into nature's healing power. Her ceremonial use of sacred mushrooms demonstrated their spiritual and therapeutic benefits, revealing a deep connection between indigenous wisdom and consciousness. Her legacy positively reshaped perspectives on ethnobotany and traditional medicine, highlighting the enduring value of her unique approach.
Abstract
Maria Sabina: wise lady of the mushrooms.
Raphe neurons: firing rate correlates with size of drug response.
European journal of pharmacology – June 03, 1983
Summary
Higher spontaneous discharge rates in serotonergic neurons are linked to weaker responses to hallucinogenic drugs like 5-MeODMT and LSD. In a study involving unanesthetized cats, significant negative correlations were observed in key brain areas, including the dorsal raphe nucleus. Specifically, as the discharge rate increased, the response magnitude to these drugs decreased. This suggests that autoreceptor density may play a crucial role in regulating neuron activity and responsiveness to serotonin agonists, highlighting a complex interaction within the brain's serotonin system.
Abstract
Significant negative correlations were obtained between the spontaneous discharge rate during waking and the neural response to systemic injections...
Inhibitory effect of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on the synaptosomal uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine.
European journal of pharmacology – June 03, 1983
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly inhibits serotonin uptake in rat brain synaptosomes, with a notable effect at 10 microM concentrations. Specifically, it reduced [14C]serotonin uptake by over 50% across striatal, hippocampal, and hypothalamic regions. Additionally, 5-MeODMT prompted the release of both serotonin and dopamine from preloaded synaptosomes, suggesting that its effects may stem from reuptake inhibition alongside direct receptor stimulation. These findings highlight the complex role of 5-MeODMT in neurotransmitter dynamics within the brain.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) in concentrations of 0.5-500 microM produced a significant inhibition of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine [14C]...
Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), ceruletide and analogues of ceruletide: effects on tremors induced by oxotremorine, harmine and ibogaine. A comparison with prolyl-leucylglycine amide (MIF), anti-Parkinsonian drugs and clonazepam.
Neuropharmacology – June 01, 1983
Summary
Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and ceruletide showed significant effectiveness in countering tremors induced by harmine and ibogaine, outperforming various reference drugs. In trials with mice, CCK-8 and ceruletide demonstrated greater tremorolytic potency compared to prolyl-leucylglycine amide and others. Specifically, the effective dose (ED50) was calculated from dose-response curves. However, against oxotremorine, ceruletide and its most potent analogue were inactive. These findings suggest that CCK-like peptides may play a crucial role in regulating motor activity without affecting other central nervous system functions.
Abstract
Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), ceruletide (caerulein, CER) and 10 analogues of ceruletide, were studied in mice for antagonism of the tremors...