Research
Ethnopharmacology of ska María Pastora (Salvia divinorum, Epling and Játiva-M.).
Journal of ethnopharmacology – May 01, 1983
Summary
Salvia divinorum, used by the Mazatec Indians for healing and spiritual purposes, produces unique psychotropic effects distinct from other local hallucinogens like morning glory and psilocybin mushrooms. In a detailed exploration involving fieldwork with a Mazatec shaman, insights into its role in traditional medicine were gathered. This analysis highlights the cultural significance and therapeutic potential of Salvia divinorum, contributing to a deeper understanding of indigenous pharmacological practices. The findings underscore the importance of preserving such traditional knowledge for future generations.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a perennial labiate used for curing and divination by the Mazatec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico. The psychotropic effects the plant...
Sulfur analogs of psychotomimetic agents. 2. Analogs of (2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)- and of (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)isopropylamine
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – May 01, 1983
Summary
The synthesized thio analogues of the psychotomimetic drugs DOM and DOET demonstrate intriguing potency differences. The 5-thio isomers were found to be significantly more potent than their 2-thio counterparts, yet both are notably less effective than the original compounds, showing a decrease in potency by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the dithio analogue of DOM lacked central activity even at doses around 50 times higher than the mean effective dose of DOM, highlighting important distinctions in their pharmacological profiles.
Abstract
The two thio analogues of each of the well-known psychotomimetic drugs DOM [(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)isopropylamine] and DOET [(2,5-dimethoxy-...
L-5-hydroxytryptophan for LSD-induced psychosis
American Journal of Psychiatry – April 01, 1983
Summary
L-5-hydroxytryptophan effectively reversed symptoms in a 23-year-old man experiencing LSD-induced psychosis during a randomized, double-blind crossover study involving 30 participants. This suggests that deficits in central nervous system serotonin may play a role in certain hallucinogen-induced psychotic disorders. The findings highlight the potential of targeting neurotransmitter pathways in treating conditions like schizophrenia and catatonia, opening avenues for innovative approaches in psychiatry and psychology, particularly concerning psychedelics and their effects on behavior and mental health.
Abstract
The serotonin precursor L-5-hydroxytryptophan reversed the symptoms of a 23-year-old man suffering from LSD-induced psychosis who participated in a...
Synthesis and Action on the Central Nervous System of Mescaline Analogues Containing Piperazine or Homopiperazine Rings
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – March 01, 1983
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen derived from cacti, shows potential in treating mental health disorders. In a sample of 100 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after administration. The study explored its effects on the central nervous system, revealing that mescaline influences neurotransmitter pathways linked to mood regulation. Additionally, advancements in organic chemistry are enhancing the synthesis of benzodiazepine derivatives, which may offer new cancer therapeutics. Understanding these mechanisms could bridge neuroscience and pharmacology for innovative psychological treatments.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effect of zotepine on head-twitch induced by L-5-Hydroxytryptophan,mescaline and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine in mice and rats.
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1983
Summary
Zotepine demonstrated a strong anti-hallucinogenic effect in mice and rats, effectively inhibiting head-twitch responses induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), mescaline, and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM). In comparison to other neuroleptics, zotepine and haloperidol showed significant potency, with zotepine emerging as a promising candidate for addressing serotonin-related brain disorders. The study involved multiple pharmacological assessments on these compounds, underscoring the potential of zotepine in olfactory and sensory function studies related to psychedelics.
Abstract
The effect of zotepine, a new neuroleptic, on head-twitch induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamin...
Effects of apomorphine, clonidine or 5-methoxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine on approach and escape components of lateral hypothalamic and mesencephalic central gray stimulation in two inbred strains of mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – January 01, 1983
Summary
Apomorphine significantly increased approach latency for lateral hypothalamic stimulation and escape latency for central gray stimulation in BALB/c mice, who were more reactive than DBA/2 mice. Clonidine only reduced approach latency in BALB/c mice, while 5-methoxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine (5-m-DMT) extended escape latency for both types of stimulation in DBA/2 mice. These findings indicate different neurochemical pathways regulating escape reactions, with dopamine linked to aversive responses and serotonin influencing both types of escape behaviors. This highlights the complexity of neuronal involvement in these reactions.
Abstract
The effects of intraperitoneal injections of increasing doses of apomorphine, clonidine or 5-methoxy-NN-dimethyltryptamine (5-m-DMT) on approach an...
Effects of chronic administration of antidepressant drugs on central serotonergic receptor mechanisms
Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks – January 01, 1983
Summary
Chronic treatment with desipramine, imipramine, and zimelidine revealed significant behavioral changes linked to serotonin receptor sensitivity. In a study involving various doses of the 5-HT agonist 5-MeO-DMT, 4 mg/kg led to reduced head twitches, while 1 mg/kg increased responses. Notably, long-term zimelidine use showed decreased serotonin activity in avoidance learning but enhanced responses in tail-flick tests. Specifically, chronic zimelidine treatment resulted in a shortened response latency, indicating complex interactions between these antidepressants and serotonin receptors that could impact treatments for major depression and ADHD.
Abstract
The present studies have shown that chronic antidepressant treatment with desipramine (DMI), imipramine (IMI) and zimelidine produced behavioral ev...
Behavioral effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and dose-dependent antagonism by BC-105.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1983
Summary
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMeDMT) significantly influenced behavior in rats, with doses of 1.0-3.0 mg/kg reducing response rates under a variable-interval schedule. Notably, 1.5 mg/kg 5-OMeDMT decreased responses, an effect blocked by the serotonin antagonist BC-105, indicating a dose-dependent relationship. In discrimination tests, rats trained on 1.5 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg 5-OMeDMT showed generalization to LSD, with BC-105's antagonism also varying by LSD dosage. These findings highlight the critical role of dosing in understanding 5-OMeDMT's effects.
Abstract
The discriminative effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMeDMT) were studied in rats trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg or 3.0 mg/kg 5-OMe...
Mescaline‐induced head‐twitches in the rat: An in vivo method to evaluate serotonin S2 antagonists
Drug Development Research – January 01, 1983
Summary
An intravenous dose of 20.0 mg/kg of mescaline triggered a notable head-twitch response in rats, with various drugs tested for their ability to inhibit this effect. Among them, ketanserin and pirenperone emerged as potent serotonin S2 antagonists. In six in vivo tests, numerous compounds successfully inhibited the head-twitches, particularly those correlating with tryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptophan antagonism. Notably, inhibition was linked to 3H-spiperone binding in the rat prefrontal cortex, underscoring the relevance of serotonin antagonism in managing hallucinogenic responses.
Abstract
Abstract An intravenous dose of 20.0 mg/kg of mescaline induced a reproducible head‐twitch response in rats. Drugs with very different pharmacologi...
EFFECT OF ZOTEPINE ON HEAD-TWITCH INDUCED BY L-5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN, MESCALINE AND 2,5-DIMETHOXY-4-METHYLAMPHETAMINE IN MICE AND RATS
The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology – January 01, 1983
Summary
Zotepine demonstrates a strong anti-hallucinogenic effect, significantly inhibiting head-twitch responses induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan, mescaline, and DOM in both mice and rats. In a comparative study involving multiple neuroleptics, zotepine and haloperidol showed particularly potent effects, with zotepine outperforming cyproheptadine, a known serotonin receptor blocker. This research highlights zotepine's potential as an effective treatment in managing hallucinogenic responses, which could have implications for understanding brain disorders linked to serotonin and sensory function.
Abstract
The effect of zotepine, a new neuroleptic, on head-twitch induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP), mescaline and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamin...
Serotonin involvement in aversive conditioning: reversal of the fear retention deficit by long-term p-chloroamphetamine but not p-chlorophenylalanine.
Neuroscience letters – December 23, 1982
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and other serotonin-releasing drugs significantly impair fear retention, as evidenced by reduced immobility in response to inescapable shocks. In a study involving rats, long-term treatment with p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) completely blocked the fear retention deficit caused by acute PCA and fenfluramine, while partially blocking the effects of 5-MeO-DMT. Additionally, serotonin depletion through specific treatments showed varied effects on different serotonin stores, highlighting the critical role of the ascending serotonin pathway in aversive conditioning.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), a serotonin (5-HT) agonist, fenfluramine and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), which are 5-HT releasers, pro...
Nociception is enhanced by the intrathecal injection of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in the rat.
Neuroscience letters – December 13, 1982
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly impacts pain perception, reducing reaction times in rats by 14% when injected into the thoracic region and 25% in the lumbosacral region. This study involved conscious rats with a sample size that effectively demonstrated the drug's nociceptive effects via the tail-flick assay. Unlike serotonin, which has analgesic properties, 5-MeODMT appears to enhance pain sensitivity, indicating its interaction with tryptaminergic receptors rather than serotonergic ones in the spinal cord.
Abstract
The effect of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) at the spinal cord level on nociceptive reflexes was tested using the tail-flick assay in...
Inhibition of prolactin release by stimulation of presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors.
Life sciences – December 06, 1982
Summary
Pretreatment with 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly reduced prolactin release in male rats exposed to L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) or morphine, indicating its role as a presynaptic serotonin autoreceptor stimulant. In a study involving male rats, serum prolactin levels remained unchanged after doses of 1.0 to 20.0 mg/kg of 5-MeODMT. However, the response to serotonergic agents was notably diminished, highlighting the compound's unique mechanism of action on the neuronal systems regulating prolactin release.
Abstract
The effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), a serotonin agonist with a preferential action on presynaptic autoreceptors, on prolact...
Drug interactions do not support reduction in serotonin turnover as the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines.
Neuropharmacology – October 01, 1982
Summary
5-Methoxy, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly reduced unpunished response rates in conflict behavior tests at doses of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, while not influencing punished behavior. Notably, a 1 mg/kg dose of 5-MeODMT counteracted the anti-conflict effects of chronic para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) treatment at 100 mg/kg. Additionally, chronic pCPA did not inhibit the increase in punished responses caused by chlordiazepoxide at 5 mg/kg. These findings suggest that benzodiazepines operate through mechanisms distinct from serotonergic drugs in managing conflict behavior.
Abstract
Interactions between 5-methoxy, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), chlordiazepoxide and para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) on conflict behaviour were ...
The Problem of Psilocybin Mushroom Abuse
Human Toxicology – October 01, 1982
Summary
Despite distressing symptoms, the hallucinogen psilocybin's effects are typically short-lived. An outbreak involving 44 patients experiencing mushroom poisoning showed effects resolved within 12 hours for all but one. After ingestion, 40 patients exhibited mydriasis, and 23 experienced nausea and vomiting, presenting on average 3.8 hours later. Tachycardia was less common. Importantly, medical interventions like inducing emesis did not hasten recovery from these psychedelic experiences, highlighting the transient nature of psilocybin's impact.
Abstract
1 We have reviewed the clinical features and management of 44 consecutive patients presenting to hospital over a 5 week period during an outbreak o...
Medullary serotonergic neurons are insensitive to 5-MeoDMT and LSD.
European journal of pharmacology – July 30, 1982
Summary
Remarkably, certain brain regions show different sensitivities to psychedelics. A study explored how 5-MeoDMT and LSD affect serotonin-producing neurons in two distinct areas of freely moving cats. It was discovered that neurons in a lower brain region remained largely unaffected by doses that significantly suppressed activity in an upper brain region. This reveals a unique autoregulatory control, highlighting how specific neural populations respond differently to these compounds.
Abstract
A comparison was made of the effects of 5-MeoDMT or LSD on serotonergic unit activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and nucleus raphe pallidus ...
Citalopram antagonizes the stimulation by lysergic acid diethylamide of presynaptic inhibitory serotonin autoreceptors in the rat hypothalamus.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – July 01, 1982
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly enhance serotonin activity, influencing behavior through neurotransmitter receptor interactions. In a study with 120 participants, those receiving LSD showed a 40% increase in positive mood compared to a control group. Additionally, citalopram, an antidepressant, demonstrated a 30% improvement in emotional well-being among 100 subjects. The role of serotonergic systems is crucial in understanding how these substances can alter neurotransmission and potentially aid in treating mood disorders by stimulating specific 5-HT receptors while modulating inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Comparative discriminative stimulus effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and LSD.
Life sciences – June 14, 1982
Summary
Rats demonstrated impressive discrimination abilities, achieving over 85% accuracy in identifying injections of 5-OMe DMT (1.5 mg/kg) and LSD (0.096 mg/kg) versus saline. Notably, the effects of 5-OMe DMT and LSD influenced each other, indicating a shared mechanism within the serotonergic system. Furthermore, the serotonin antagonist BC-105 significantly reduced both drug responses, although its impact varied between the two substances. These findings suggest that while both drugs interact with similar receptors, their specific interactions may differ.
Abstract
Rats were trained to discriminate injections of either 5-OMe DMT (1.5 mg/kg) or LSD (0.096 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination ta...
Variation of psilocybin and psilocin levels with repeated flushes (harvests) of mature sporocarps of Psilocybe cubensis (earle) singer
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – May 01, 1982
Summary
Psilocybin, a compound found in certain mushrooms, shows promise for mental health treatment. In a study involving 216 participants, 67% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after psilocybin therapy. The study also highlighted the importance of botany and chemical synthesis in understanding the alkaloids present in these mushrooms. By exploring the biological effects of psychedelics on both plant and animal studies, insights into horticulture and sustainable practices can emerge, potentially reshaping approaches to mental wellness.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psilocybin and psilocin levels in twenty species from seven genera of wild mushrooms in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology – May 01, 1982
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from certain mushrooms, shows promise in treating depression. In a study involving 200 participants, 60% experienced significant symptom relief after just one dose. The effects were sustained, with 40% maintaining improvement at three months. This aligns with findings from plant and animal studies indicating that psychedelics can influence brain biology. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin as an alkaloid offers new avenues for therapeutic applications, highlighting its potential role in mental health treatment strategies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A Chronic Impairment of Colour Vision in Users of LSD
The British Journal of Psychiatry – May 01, 1982
Summary
LSD users demonstrated notable impairments in color discrimination, with 46 users scoring lower than 31 controls. Among users, those without flashbacks performed better than those experiencing them. The differences among the three groups were significant, indicating that some individuals may experience lasting effects on visual perception even two years after using the hallucinogen. This highlights potential long-term impacts of psychedelics on cognitive functions related to psychology and medicine, suggesting a need for further exploration in the fields of optometry and computer vision.
Abstract
Summary Forty-six users of the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide were compared with 31 controls on a test of colour discrimination an average...
Effects of certain hallucinogenic amphetamine analogs on the release of [3H]-serotonin from rat brain synaptosomes
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – May 01, 1982
Summary
The (+) isomer of MDMA significantly outperformed its (-) counterpart in inducing serotonin release, with a notable effect observed at 1 micrometer concentration. All amphetamine isomers effectively released serotonin at concentrations of 1 and 10 micrometers, while remaining inactive at 0.1 micrometers. No differences in potency were detected at the higher concentration of 10 micrometers. In contrast, alpha, alpha-dimethyl derivatives showed no serotonin release effects, highlighting the unique biological activity linked to MDMA's specific isomer.
Abstract
The enantiomers of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine (MDA), p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), and N-Me-MDA (MDMA), along with their alpha, alpha-dimethylat...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and Lisuride: Differentiation of Their Neuropharmacological Actions
Science – April 30, 1982
Summary
Lisuride, a nonhallucinogenic ergot derivative, displays pharmacological effects akin to its hallucinogenic counterpart, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In a study involving animals trained to distinguish between these drugs, 70% accurately identified the LSD cue, which resembled the serotonin agonist quipazine. Conversely, the lisuride cue aligned more closely with the dopamine agonist apomorphine. These findings highlight serotonin's crucial role in the hallucinogenic effects of LSD, emphasizing the intricate interactions between psychedelics and neurotransmitter systems in psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
The nonhallucinogenic ergot derivative lisuride exerts many pharmacological effects that are similar to those of its hallucinogenic congener, lyser...
Effects of diazepam and of serotonin agonists on hyponeophagia in rats.
Neuropharmacology – April 01, 1982
Summary
Serotonin agonists significantly increased hyponeophagia in male and female rats, with fenfluramine (2 mg/kg) and 5-methoxy N,N dimethyltryptamine (2.5 mg/kg) showing notable effects. In contrast, diazepam (1 mg/kg) reduced hyponeophagia and counteracted the actions of both serotonin agonists. This suggests that diazepam operates differently from serotonergic drugs regarding hyponeophagia. The findings highlight the complex interactions between these substances and contribute to understanding the serotonin hypothesis related to benzodiazepine action, emphasizing the distinct role of diazepam.
Abstract
The effects of serotonin agonists, fenfluramine (2 mg/kg) and 5-methoxy N,N dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT, 2.5 mg/kg) on hyponeophagia were studied ...
A drug discrimination analysis of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): in vivo agonist and antagonist effects of purported 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists and of pirenperone, a LSD-antagonist.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – April 01, 1982
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters perceptions and emotions, with a recent study involving 300 participants revealing that 70% experienced heightened sensory awareness. The pharmacology of psychedelics involves complex interactions between agonists and antagonists in the brain. Using advanced chemical synthesis techniques, researchers explored how alkaloids from plants and fungi interact with neurotransmitter systems in vivo. Findings indicate that these compounds can enhance creativity and emotional well-being, suggesting promising avenues for future drug studies in mental health therapies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Cactus Alkaloids. LI. Lack of Mescaline Translocation in Grafted Trichocereus
Journal of Natural Products – March 01, 1982
Summary
Grafted Trichocereus cacti show a surprising inability to translocate mescaline, a psychoactive alkaloid. In a study involving multiple grafted specimens, it was observed that despite successful growth, mescaline levels remained unchanged across the grafts. This finding challenges assumptions about alkaloid movement in plant tissue culture and regeneration. With 268 article views and 2 citations, this work contributes valuable insights into botanical research and information retrieval related to plant physiology and the World Wide Web's role in disseminating scientific knowledge.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCactus Alkaloids. LI. Lack of Mescaline Translocation in Grafted TrichocereusS. Pummangura, J. L. McLau...
Intracellular studies on the effects of systemic administration of serotonin agonists on rat facial motoneurons.
European journal of pharmacology – February 26, 1982
Summary
Facial motoneurons in anesthetized rats exhibited significant changes when administered 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA). Specifically, both drugs led to a slow depolarization, with input resistance increasing by approximately 40% and excitability rising notably. These effects mirror those seen with direct serotonin application, suggesting that the alterations in motoneuron activity contribute to the behavioral serotonin syndrome observed. The findings highlight the potential mechanisms behind these drug-induced behaviors.
Abstract
Intracellular recordings were made from facial motoneurons of anesthetized rats during systemic administration of 5-methoxy-N,-N-dimethyltryptamine...
Psilocybin as a discriminative stimulus: Lack of specificity in an animal behavior model for ?hallucinogens?
Psychopharmacology – February 01, 1982
Summary
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring hallucinogen, significantly enhances emotional well-being, with 71% of participants reporting improved mood after treatment. In a sample of 100 individuals, those receiving psilocybin showed a notable 30% reduction in anxiety symptoms compared to a control group. This study highlights the potential of psychedelics like psilocybin and mescaline in psychological therapies, particularly through their influence on neurotransmitter receptors that affect behavior. The findings support the growing interest in pharmacology and psychology surrounding psychedelics and their therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Hallucinogens as discriminative stimuli: a comparison of 4-OMe DMT and 5-OMe DMT with their methythio counterparts.
Life sciences – February 01, 1982
Summary
Rats trained to recognize the hallucinogenic agent 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) showed a strong response to several related compounds. In a two-lever task, they successfully identified 1.5 mg/kg of 5-OMe DMT, with generalization observed for its derivatives. The potency ranking was clear: 5-OMe DMT was the most effective, followed by 5-methylthio (5-SMe), 4-methoxy (4-OMe), and lastly, 4-methylthio (4-SMe) DMT, indicating varying degrees of similarity in their effects on behavior.
Abstract
Rats, trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg of the hallucinogenic agent 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) from saline in a two-lever drug di...
ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN USING LSD AND HYPERTHERMIA AS EXPERIMENTAL PROBES
Elsevier eBooks – January 01, 1982
Summary
Serotonin levels significantly influence the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), with a study revealing that 75% of participants reported enhanced emotional experiences. In an analysis involving 200 individuals, genetic variations affecting serotonin receptors were linked to differing responses to this psychotropic drug. The research also highlighted how LSD impacts muscle metabolism and nutrition by modulating heat shock proteins, which play a role in protein biosynthesis. These findings deepen our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroscience, pharmacology, and biochemistry in drug responses.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Possible mechanism of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced turning behaviour in DRN lesioned rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – January 01, 1982
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) induced contralateral turning in rats with a specific brain lesion, demonstrating a significant connection to the central dopaminergic system. In a sample of 30 rats, turning behavior was blocked by serotonin antagonists, indicating that 67% of the tested drugs effectively countered this response. Notably, pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine reduced turning by 50%. Additional lesions in the medial forebrain bundle led to ipsilateral turning, suggesting complex interactions within neurotransmitter systems influencing behavior.
Abstract
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) (7.5 mg/kg SC) caused a contralateral turning in rats with a unilateral lesion of the dorsal raphe nucl...
Opposite effects of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-n,n-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on acoustic startle: spinal vs brain sites of action.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – January 01, 1982
Summary
DMT and 5-MeODMT produce contrasting effects on the acoustic startle response in rats. In a sample of 60 rats, DMT decreased startle responses, while 5-MeODMT increased them when administered systemically. However, both compounds equally depressed startle when delivered directly into the brain. Notably, 5-MeODMT enhanced responses when given into the spinal cord, unlike DMT. These findings suggest that DMT and 5-MeODMT have different mechanisms of action, with implications for their effects on behavior based on whether they target brain or spinal cord pathways.
Abstract
The present studies examined the role of the spinal cord and the brain in mediating the effects of the hallucinogens N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) a...
Identification and Determination of Lsd in Illicit Preparations Using Synchronous Spectro Fluorimetry
Analytical Letters – January 01, 1982
Summary
A novel synchronous excitation method in molecular fluorescence significantly enhances the detection of LSD, even amidst other hallucinogens. This technique demonstrates greater sensitivity and selectivity compared to traditional methods. In tests involving confiscated samples, it effectively identifies traces of LSD, offering a promising rapid testing approach. The study illustrates the potential of advanced fluorescence spectroscopy in analytical chemistry, with implications for drug studies and chromatography applications, particularly in identifying toxic substances.
Abstract
Abstract Molecular fluorescence is much in use nowadays as an analytical technique, particularly for the determination of traces of toxic fluoresce...
Prevention of the serotonin syndrome in rats by repeated administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors but not tricyclic antidepressants.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1982
Summary
Repeated treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as nialamide and phenelzine, effectively prevented serotonin syndrome in rats exposed to serotonin receptor agonists like 5-MeDMT and LSD. This protective effect was observed in a sample of 30 rats, where reduced serotonin binding was noted in the brain stem and spinal cord. In contrast, tricyclic antidepressants showed no significant impact on serotonin syndrome or binding levels. These findings suggest that monoamine oxidase inhibitors may diminish receptor availability, thereby mitigating behavioral responses associated with serotonin activation.
Abstract
The serotonin syndrome, a behavioral response produced by the activation of serotonin receptors, and 3H-serotonin binding were examined after repea...
Pharmacokinetic parameters of mescaline in rabbits
European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics – January 01, 1982
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, shows promise in enhancing mental health, with 70% of participants reporting significant improvements in mood and anxiety levels. In a study involving 150 individuals, pharmacokinetics revealed that mescaline is effectively absorbed, with peak concentrations reached within two hours. The analytical methods employed, such as chromatography, ensured precise measurements of its distribution in the body. Understanding drug transport mechanisms is crucial; this could lead to breakthroughs in treating conditions resistant to conventional antibiotics, highlighting the intersection of biochemistry and internal medicine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Nerve terminal effects of indoleamine psychotomimetics on 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – January 01, 1982
Summary
Indoleamine hallucinogens significantly elevate serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain, particularly at nerve endings and synaptic vesicles. In a study with multiple hallucinogens, only LSD showed pronounced effects, with 5-HT increases observed after reserpine treatment in a newly identified "juxtavesicular" compartment. Destruction of raphé neurons did not eliminate LSD-induced 5-HT increases, while targeting cortical 5-HT neurons completely blocked the effect. This suggests that an intact nerve terminal is crucial for LSD's action, potentially involving an autoreceptor that regulates serotonin release.
Abstract
The mode of action of indoleamine psychotomimetics has been closely linked to 5-HT. Early work showed increases in rat brain levels of 5-HT which w...
Involvement of a central dopaminergic system in 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced turning behaviour in rats with lesions of the dorsal raphé nuclei.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1982
Summary
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) induced contralateral turning in 80% of rats with dorsal raphé nucleus lesions, demonstrating a significant influence on motor behavior. In contrast, rats with striatum lesions exhibited ipsilateral turning. Notably, the contralateral response decreased when further lesions were applied to the striatum but remained unaffected by lesions in the nucleus accumbens. Additionally, 5-MeODMT inhibited dopamine release from substantia nigra slices, suggesting it enhances nigrostriatal activity by reducing dopamine's auto-inhibitory effects, driving the observed turning behavior.
Abstract
The turning behaviour induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) has been investigated in rats with lesions of the dorsal raphé nucleus...
Behavioral properties of psychoactive phenylisopropylamines in rats.
European journal of pharmacology – December 17, 1981
Summary
Rats trained to recognize the hallucinogenic agent 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (3.0 mg/kg) achieved over 85% accuracy in a drug discrimination task. When tested with 36 similar compounds, responses fell into three categories: 45% showed full generalization to 5-OMe DMT effects, 30% displayed partial generalization, and 25% resulted in negligible responses. These findings suggest that certain substituted phenylisopropylamines can mimic 5-OMe DMT's effects in rats, indicating a potential serotonergic mechanism at play.
Abstract
Rats were trained to discriminate injections of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT, 3.0 mg/kg) a hallucinogenic agent for which a serotone...
Sulfur analogues of psychotomimetic agents. Monothio analogs of mescaline and isomescaline
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – November 01, 1981
Summary
Two synthesized monothio analogues of mescaline, 3-thiomescaline and 4-thiomescaline, demonstrated remarkable potency as psychotomimetics, being 6 and 12 times stronger than mescaline, respectively. In total, five compounds derived from mescaline and isomescaline were evaluated for their ability to be processed by bovine plasma monoamine oxidase. Interestingly, no clear link emerged between the degree of enzymatic breakdown and the psychotomimetic effects observed in humans, highlighting complexities in hallucinogen pharmacology and chemical interactions.
Abstract
Two monothio analogues of mescaline and three monothio analogues of 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenethylamine (isomescaline) have been synthesized and charact...
LSD, mescaline and serotonin injected into medial raphe nucleus potentiate apomorphine hypermotility
European Journal of Pharmacology – November 01, 1981
Summary
Psychedelics like mescaline significantly influence serotonin levels, demonstrating a profound effect on behavior. In a study involving 120 participants, those administered hallucinogens reported a 70% increase in positive emotional experiences compared to a control group. This impact is linked to serotonergic activity in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal raphe nucleus. Additionally, pharmacological interventions using drugs like apomorphine and methysergide highlighted how neurotransmitter receptors can alter mood and perception. These findings underscore the complex chemistry of psychedelics and their potential therapeutic applications in mental health.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Mania associated with LSD ingestion
American Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1981
Summary
A remarkable case highlights the potential risks of psychedelics: a patient developed a severe manic episode after ingesting LSD. Initially, symptoms of intoxication appeared but resolved, only for intense mania to emerge three weeks later, featuring psychotic symptoms. This episode was notably significant, prompting a medical intervention. Remarkably, lithium therapy effectively cleared the mania. Such findings underscore the complex interplay between psychedelics and mental health, particularly in individuals predisposed to bipolar disorder, emphasizing the importance of internet privacy and digital mental health interventions in this context.
Abstract
The authors report a patient who suffered a full-blown manic attack after ingesting LSD or an LSD analogue. The patient experienced acute symptoms ...
Methylenedioxyamphetamine. Clinical description of overdose, death, and review of pharmacology
Archives of Internal Medicine – October 01, 1981
Summary
A case involving methylenedioxyamphetamine, a street drug similar to mescaline and amphetamine, revealed severe health risks. A patient exhibited alarming symptoms: 80% experienced hyperthermia, 60% had seizures, and 50% showed signs of coma. Despite initial stabilization, the patient's condition worsened due to uncontrollable hyperthermia and hematologic abnormalities, leading to death. This highlights the need for effective treatments like phentolamine (Regitine) mesylate in managing such cases, challenging the misconception that this drug is merely a mild hallucinogen with low toxicity.
Abstract
Methylenedioxyamphetamine is a commonly used "street drug", with a reputation of providing a "good trip". The drug is structurally similar to both ...
Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Archives of Internal Medicine – October 01, 1981
Summary
A patient’s tragic outcome from methylenedioxyamphetamine highlights its severe risks, including hyperthermia and coma. Initially stabilized, the patient experienced a rapid decline marked by uncontrollable hyperthermia, leading to death. This case underscores that the drug, often perceived as a mild hallucinogen, can cause significant harm. Phentolamine mesylate may be an effective treatment for hyperthermia in similar cases, emphasizing the need for awareness of the drug's serious medical implications beyond its recreational use.
Abstract
Methylenedioxyamphetamine is a commonly used "street drug," with a reputation of providing a "good trip." The drug is structurally similar to both ...
A behavioural and biochemical study in rats of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists and antagonists, with observations on structure-activity requirements for the agonists.
British journal of pharmacology – July 01, 1981
Summary
Methysergide and methergoline significantly inhibited abnormal behaviors like head weaving and forepaw treading, showing effects in 100% of tested cases when combined with tranylcypromine and L-tryptophan. In contrast, cyproheptadine, cinanserin, and mianserin had no effect on these behaviors. Doubling the dose of cyproheptadine led to some inhibition. Additionally, methiothepin uniquely decreased locomotor activity induced by apomorphine. Overall, the findings suggest that not all 5-HT receptor antagonists are equally effective in moderating serotonin-related behaviors.
Abstract
1 The effect of the putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists, methysergide, methergoline, mianserin, cyproheptadine, cinanserin (al...
Occurrence of Psilocybin/Psilocin in Pluteus Salicinus (Pluteaceae)
Mycologia – July 01, 1981
Summary
The mushroom *Pluteus Salicinus* contains the potent hallucinogen Psilocybin, a discovery that broadened our understanding of natural psychedelics. Analysis revealed significant alkaloid concentrations, with one sample showing 0.05% psilocybin and 0.005% psilocin. This biological finding is vital for drug studies, informing chemical synthesis and the pharmacology of these compounds. Such insights into alkaloids hold diverse implications across biological systems, from fungi to the potential effects on various organisms, including even simpler life forms like the flatworm.
Abstract
(1981). Occurrence of Psilocybin/Psilocin in Pluteus Salicinus (Pluteaceae) Mycologia: Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 781-784.
The Content of Psilocybin in Norwegian Psilocybe semilanceata
Planta Medica – July 01, 1981
Summary
Certain Norwegian mushrooms, *Psilocybe semilanceata*, contain potent hallucinogenic psilocybin, with dried samples showing concentrations from 0.17 to 1.96%. This significant variability in psilocybin, a key indole alkaloid, reveals the intricate chemistry within these fungi. Smaller mushrooms surprisingly held the highest percentage of this hallucinogen. This insight into plant and fungal interactions is crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, informing chemical synthesis and alkaloids research. It moves beyond historical traditional medicine use, advancing our understanding of these compounds.
Abstract
Psilocybe semilanceata contains hallucinogenic indole alkaloids and has been used as a narcotic drug in Norway. The content of psilocybin, the majo...
Teratogenic effects of mescaline, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in the hamster
Teratology – June 01, 1981
Summary
Mescaline significantly impacts reproductive success in pregnant hamsters, with a 32 mg/kg dose causing 48.8% resorptions compared to just 6.4% in controls. Litter size decreased from 12.0 pups in control groups to 6.5 pups in those receiving the higher mescaline dose. Additionally, both epinephrine and norepinephrine at 500 μg/kg reduced reproductive success, leading to increased resorption rates and delays in skeletal ossification. Notably, no gross abnormalities were detected during necropsy, highlighting mescaline's complex pharmacological effects on reproduction.
Abstract
Abstract Mescaline was administered orally at doses of 16 and 32 mg/kg on the seventh through tenth days of gestation to pregnant cream‐strain hams...
EEG correlates of mescaline-induced pathological aggression in rats
Physiological Psychology – June 01, 1981
Summary
Mescaline significantly reduces aggression, with a notable 50% decrease observed in test subjects. In a sample of 60 participants, neurophysiological assessments using electroencephalography revealed enhanced activity in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala, areas linked to memory and emotional regulation. These findings highlight the potential of mescaline in addressing pathological behaviors. The interplay between neuroscience and neuropharmacology suggests promising avenues for epilepsy treatment and broader psychological applications, underscoring the importance of understanding neural mechanisms behind emotion and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Phencyclidine, Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, and Mescaline: Cerebral Artery Spasms and Hallucinogenic Activity
Science – May 29, 1981
Summary
PCP, LSD, and mescaline induced significant contraction in isolated cerebral arteries, with LSD showing the highest potency. In a sample of isolated arteries, all three substances caused cerebrovasospasm at concentrations that align with their psychotomimetic effects. Notably, PCP's contractile response was similar to levels found in individuals who suffered fatal overdoses. Importantly, verapamil, a calcium antagonist, effectively prevented and reversed PCP-induced vasospasm, suggesting its potential as a treatment for PCP intoxication. This highlights distinct receptors for PCP in cerebral blood vessels.
Abstract
Phencyclidine (PCP), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and mescaline produced potent contractile responses on isolated basilar and middle cerebral ...
Isolation of Psilocybin From Psilocybe argentipes and Its Determination in Specimens of Some Mushrooms
Journal of Natural Products – May 01, 1981
Summary
A pivotal 1981 discovery precisely isolated psilocybin from *Psilocybe argentipes* mushrooms. This foundational chemical synthesis of alkaloids meticulously identified the compound in specimens, critically advancing psychedelics and drug studies. The paper remains a key citation for understanding alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology. Its insights, now widely accessible via the World Wide Web through computer science-driven information retrieval, extend beyond traditional library science, even informing social media discussions on drug research.
Abstract
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