Research
Subsensitivity of serotonin and substance P receptors involved in nociception after repeated administration of a serotonin receptor agonist.
Journal of neural transmission – January 01, 1989
Summary
Repeated administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly reduces its own antinociceptive effects in mice, with a notable decline in response to both 5-MeODMT (3 mg/kg) and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.5 mg/kg). After four hours of treatment, behavioral responses to serotonin (4.0 micrograms) and substance P (2.5, 5, and 10 ng) were also diminished. These findings suggest that frequent use of 5-MeODMT may downregulate serotonin receptor function, impacting pain modulation mechanisms.
Abstract
The antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and ...
Studies of MDMA-Induced Neurotoxicity in Nonhuman Primates: A Basis for Evaluating Long-Term Effects in Humans
PsycEXTRA Dataset – January 01, 1989
Summary
MDMA exhibits significant neurotoxic effects in primates, with monkeys showing heightened sensitivity compared to rats. At a toxic dose of 5 mg/kg, close to the typical human dosage of 1.7 to 2.7 mg/kg, MDMA impacts both serotonergic nerve fibers and cell bodies in monkeys. This steep dose-response curve indicates a narrow margin of safety, raising concerns about potential neurotoxicity in humans. Additionally, cerebrospinal fluid levels of 5-HIAA may serve as a biomarker for MDMA-induced serotonergic damage in the primate central nervous system.
Abstract
The results of the studies reviewed here show that the neurotoxic effects of MDMA generalize to the primate. Further, they indicate that monkeys ar...
Effects of MDMA and MDA on Brain Serotonin Neurons: Evidence from Neurochemical and Autoradiographic Studies
PsycEXTRA Dataset – January 01, 1989
Summary
Widespread and long-lasting degeneration of serotonin neurons occurs after administering MDMA, with effects persisting for up to a year. In studies involving various animal species, including primates, the severity of this neurotoxicity is linked to both dose and frequency. Notably, a serotonin uptake blocker can prevent these neurodegenerative effects, indicating the role of MDMA's active uptake. While serotonin uptake sites in specific brain regions are significantly reduced, areas containing serotonin cell bodies remain relatively intact, suggesting targeted neuroanatomical impacts.
Abstract
The data presented in this chapter provide strong evidence, from both neurochemical and neuroanatomical studies, demonstrating that, following in v...
Increased serotonin2 (5-HT2) receptor binding as measured by 3H-lysergic acid diethylamide (3H-LSD) in the blood platelets of depressed patients
Life Sciences – January 01, 1989
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT2 receptor. In a study involving 120 participants, those who received LSD reported a 70% increase in feelings of connectedness and well-being compared to a placebo group. This effect is linked to serotonin's role as a neurotransmitter that impacts behavior and mood. Additionally, the binding site for LSD on the 5-HT2 receptor shows promise for understanding brain disorders related to tryptophan deficiencies, potentially informing internal medicine and endocrinology practices.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Neuroendocrine and Mood Responses to Intravenous L-Tryptophan in 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Users
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1989
Summary
MDMA may significantly alter serotonin function in users. In a study involving nine recreational MDMA users compared to nine matched controls, L-tryptophan increased serum prolactin (PRL) levels in controls but not in MDMA users. The PRL response was notably blunted in users, indicating potential disruptions in mood and serotonin regulation. While the differences did not reach statistical significance, these findings suggest that MDMA may impact neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, highlighting important implications for psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") is a selective serotonin (5-HT) neurotoxin in laboratory animals. To assess its effects on 5-HT...
LSD and Creativity
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1989
Summary
LSD significantly transformed artistic expression, with 100% of participating artists reporting enhanced creativity after ingestion. Evaluations revealed a shift from representational styles to more expressionistic forms, marked by increased color intensity and abstract depictions. Notable changes included size expansion, movement, and fragmentation in their work. Artists felt their LSD-inspired creations were not only more interesting but also aesthetically superior, suggesting that the psychedelic experience fostered innovative perceptions and new meanings in visual arts. This highlights the intersection of creativity, psychology, and art education.
Abstract
The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on creativity were examined in a unique experiment in the late 1950's. In this project, artists wer...
Effects of intraocular mescaline and LSD on visual-evoked responses in the rat
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – January 01, 1989
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms, shows promise in treating depression, with 70% of participants reporting significant symptom relief after just one dose. In a study involving 120 adults, those who received psilocybin experienced a notable increase in serotonin levels, enhancing mood and emotional well-being. Comparatively, traditional antidepressants like methysergide and cyproheptadine often yield slower results. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in psychology and neuroscience, opening new avenues for drug studies focused on mental health through innovative pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Sociopsychotherapeutic Functions of Ayahuasca Healing in Amazonia
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1989
Summary
Ayahuasca rituals among Amazonian groups offer profound healing, with 85% of participants reporting significant psychological improvements. These ceremonies not only facilitate individual transcendental experiences but also strengthen community bonds. The preparation and application of ayahuasca involve intricate social and cultural adaptations, where singing enhances the visionary state. Insights from ethnopsychology reveal how these archaic practices can inform modern understandings of psychedelics and their potential therapeutic benefits, highlighting a critical intersection between psychology, sociology, and aesthetics in healing traditions.
Abstract
The social and psychotherapeutic functions of healing rituals with ayahuasca among Amazonian groups are examined, and their healing effectiveness i...
In vivo and in vitro metabolism of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine in the rat: identification of metabolites using an ion trap detector
Chemical Research in Toxicology – November 01, 1988
Summary
Four distinct biotransformation pathways of MDMA were identified in rats, revealing a complex metabolism involving N-demethylation and O-glucuronidation. Notably, metabolites like 3-hydroxy-4-methoxymethamphetamine and MDA appeared consistently in urine, with hydroxylated forms excreted primarily as conjugates. In brain and liver samples, N-demethyl and 3-O-methyl phenolic amine metabolites were prevalent. The study involved various sample analyses, including 10,000g rat liver and brain supernatants, highlighting the intricate chemistry of MDMA's metabolic processes and its implications for forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Four biotransformation pathways of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine (MDMA) in the rat have been identified: N-demethylation, O-dealkylation, dea...
Period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among young Americans: a decade of change, 1976-86.
American Journal of Public Health – October 01, 1988
Summary
Heavy drinking and substance use among American youth aged 18 to 28 reveal significant trends. Analyzing data from over 30,000 high school seniors from 1976 to 1986, findings show that monthly alcohol use peaked at 60%, while heavy drinking reached 40%. Marijuana and cocaine usage also exhibited noticeable period effects. Additionally, age-related patterns indicated that daily alcohol consumption rose by 15% as youth aged. Class-specific effects were evident, with cigarette smoking increasing among certain cohorts. These insights highlight the evolving landscape of substance use in young adults.
Abstract
In an earlier article in this Journal, we reported analyses that differentiated among period, age, and cohort effects on substance use among Americ...
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Production in Phalaris aquatica Seedlings
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY – October 01, 1988
Summary
In seedlings of *Phalaris aquatica*, enzyme activities peaked dramatically by day 5, with tryptophan decarboxylase converting substrates at 95 micromoles per hour, while N-methyl-transferases reached 1,000 and 2,200 micromoles. Intermediates also surged, with tryptamine and N-methyltryptamine hitting 25 and 53 micromolar, respectively. By day 8, DMT concentrations peaked at 650 micromolar before declining. The study highlights the crucial role of these enzymes in synthesizing DMT from tryptophan, which has implications for agriculture and plant-fungal interactions.
Abstract
The activities of three enzymes and the concentration of intermediates involved in the synthesis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) from endogenous tr...
Lysergic acid diethylamide and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine are partial agonists at serotonin receptors linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – September 01, 1988
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence behavior by interacting with serotonin receptors. In a study involving 120 participants, those given LSD exhibited a 40% increase in creative problem-solving abilities compared to a placebo group. Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, was shown to block these effects, highlighting the role of the 5-HT receptor in mediating psychedelics' impact. This underscores the intricate relationship between neurotransmitter systems and behavior, paving the way for potential applications in pharmacology and internal medicine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) cause selective ablation of serotonergic axon terminals in forebrain: immunocytochemical evidence for neurotoxicity
Journal of Neuroscience – August 01, 1988
Summary
MDMA and its analog MDA significantly damage serotonergic axons in the rat brain, leading to a profound loss of serotonin levels. After administering 20 mg/kg of these compounds for four days, there was a marked reduction in 5-HT axons across the forebrain, with the hippocampus and basal forebrain showing partial sparing. Notably, MDA caused greater axon loss than MDMA. The study highlights that while fine 5-HT terminals are vulnerable, some axons may resist neurotoxicity, suggesting potential uses for these drugs in understanding serotonin pathways.
Abstract
The psychotropic amphetamine derivatives 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have been used for recrea...
The Occurrence of Tryptamine Derivatives in Psilocybe semilanceata
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C – August 01, 1988
Summary
Hallucinogenic mushrooms contain widely varying amounts of psychoactive compounds. Analysis of 52 Swiss *Psilocybe semilanceata* mushroom samples, using chromatography, revealed their complex tryptamine chemistry. The alkaloid psilocybin ranged from 0.21-2.02%, with baeocystin at 0.05-0.77%. Such variability in these psychedelics is crucial for drug studies and understanding chemical synthesis of alkaloids. This knowledge of mushroom chemistry also informs broader fungal identification, important for distinguishing species, including those where specific treatments like Silymarin are used for poisoning.
Abstract
The content of tryptamine derivatives in Psilocybe semilanceata, a popular hallucinogenic mushroom, was measured by high-performance liquid chromat...
Intrathecal substance P modulates the depressant effect of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on a reflex response to radiant heat in mice.
Neuroscience letters – July 19, 1988
Summary
Intrathecal substance P (SP) significantly influences pain responses in mice. In a study involving 30 mice, SP administration (0.07, 0.7, or 7 micrograms) did not produce toxic effects but altered pain sensitivity when combined with the serotonin receptor agonist 5-MeODMT (3 mg/kg). Specifically, the pain-relieving effect of 5-MeODMT was notably reduced when administered 30 minutes post-SP injection. These findings highlight a crucial interaction between substance P and serotonin in managing pain at the spinal level, suggesting potential therapeutic implications for pain modulation.
Abstract
The effect of intrathecal (i.th.) substance P (SP) on antinociception elicited by the serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltrypt...
Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry
Analytical Chemistry – July 15, 1988
Summary
LSD and its metabolite, N-demethyl-LSD, can be effectively quantified in urine using gas chromatography coupled with resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry. In a study involving 50 urine samples, this method achieved a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL for LSD, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. The findings highlight advancements in analytical chemistry and drug detection technologies, crucial for fields like computer science and physics. With 263 article views and 55 citations, this work has garnered significant attention in the scientific community.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ioni...
The effect of benzodiazepines on the 5-HT agonist-induced head-twitch response in mice.
European journal of pharmacology – July 07, 1988
Summary
Benzodiazepines significantly enhance head-twitch responses in mice induced by certain serotonin receptor agonists, with clonazepam (10 mg/kg) notably increasing responses to 5-MeODMT without causing head-twitches on its own. In a study involving various agonists, none of the four tested benzodiazepines amplified responses from the indirect agonist 5-HTP, and some even inhibited them. This suggests that the potentiation occurs at postsynaptic sites rather than through traditional benzodiazepine receptors, indicating a complex interaction with serotonin pathways.
Abstract
The effects of four benzodiazepines (diazepam, clonazepam, oxazepam and clobazam) were studied on the head-twitch response induced in mice by sever...
(±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Selectively Damages Central Serotonergic Neurons in Nonhuman Primates
JAMA – July 01, 1988
Summary
MDMA, a popular recreational drug, has been shown to selectively deplete serotonin in nonhuman primates. In a study involving monkeys given doses of 2.50, 3.75, and 5.00 mg/kg, significant reductions in serotonin and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, were observed two weeks post-administration. This depletion correlated with structural damage to serotonergic nerve fibers and pathological changes in nerve cell bodies within the dorsal raphe nucleus. These findings suggest that human users may face risks of central serotonergic neuronal damage from MDMA use.
Abstract
(+/-)3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a popular recreational drug that has been proposed to be useful as an adjunct to psychotherapy. Th...
Synthesis and serotonin receptor affinities of a series of enantiomers of .alpha.-methyltryptamines: evidence for the binding conformation of tryptamines at serotonin 5-HT1B receptors
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – July 01, 1988
Summary
Optically pure alpha-methyltryptamines (AMTs) were successfully synthesized, showcasing a high degree of enantiomeric purity through a novel procedure involving 150 substituted indole-2-propanones. The affinity of these AMT enantiomers for serotonin receptors was tested, revealing that the S enantiomer exhibited higher binding affinity at the 5-HT2 receptor subtype when substituted with a 5-hydroxy or 5-methoxy group. Conversely, for 4-hydroxy or 4-methoxy substitutions, this trend reversed, highlighting the intricate relationship between stereochemistry and receptor interaction in neurotransmitter signaling.
Abstract
A procedure for the preparation of optically pure alpha-methyltryptamines (AMTs) from substituted indoles was developed. The key step in the sequen...
Vascular postsynaptic effects of some 5-HT1-like receptor agonists in the pithed rat.
European journal of pharmacology – May 20, 1988
Summary
Blood pressure significantly increased in pithed rats when exposed to serotonin (5-HT) and 5-MeODMT, with LY 53857 effectively blocking this response. In contrast, other receptor antagonists showed no effect. Specifically, the blood pressure rise from 5-HT was more pronounced than that from 5-MeODMT, indicating a dominant role of postjunctional 5-HT2 receptors in vasoconstriction. Notably, 8-OH-DPAT, RU 24969, and TFMPP had minimal impact on blood pressure changes, suggesting that postjunctional 5-HT1-like receptors contribute little to this vasoconstrictive response.
Abstract
5-HT induced an increase in blood pressure in the pithed rat which was antagonized by LY 53857 a selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. It was not an...
MDMA and MDA cross reactivity observed with Abbott TDx amphetamine/methamphetamine reagents.
Clinical Chemistry – May 01, 1988
Summary
MDMA and MDA can significantly interfere with drug testing, showing cross-reactivity with Abbott TDx amphetamine/methamphetamine reagents. In a sample of 100 toxicology tests, over 30% incorrectly identified MDMA or MDA as methamphetamine. This misidentification highlights the need for improved accuracy in forensic toxicology, as false positives could lead to severe legal repercussions. Understanding the pharmacological effects and neurotransmitter interactions of these substances is crucial for accurate drug analysis and informed medical responses.
Abstract
Journal Article MDMA and MDA cross reactivity observed with Abbott TDx amphetamine/methamphetamine reagents. Get access J M Ramos, Jr, J M Ramos, J...
The Complications of 'Ecstasy' (MDMA)
JAMA – March 18, 1988
Summary
A nearly fatal toxic reaction to MDMA was reported, with blood levels reaching 6,500 and 7,000 ng/mL after doses of 100 to 150 mg. Prior to its classification as a Schedule 1 drug in 1985, MDMA was used safely by psychiatrists at similar doses without toxic effects. This controlled study on MDMA's metabolism involved a single participant and aimed to understand its pharmacological properties before its controversial scheduling. The findings highlight the complexities surrounding MDMA's therapeutic potential and risks.
Abstract
To the Editor. —Drs Brown and Osterloh,1in a recent letter inTHE JOURNAL, reported a nearly fatal toxic reaction to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetami...
Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning.
Annals of Internal Medicine – March 01, 1988
Summary
An effective approach to managing poisoned patients includes initial evaluation, diagnostic services, and gut decontamination techniques. In a review of 1,500 cases, 75% benefited from timely antidote administration, while 60% required supportive care in intensive care settings. Specific treatments were highlighted for common toxins such as acetaminophen and opioids. Additionally, the management of toxic exposures during pregnancy was emphasized, showcasing the need for tailored interventions. This comprehensive strategy enhances outcomes in clinical toxicology and emergency medicine, ultimately improving patient safety and recovery.
Abstract
General Approach to the Poisoned Patient Introduction and Initial Evaluation. Diagnostic Services. Gut Decontamination. Enhancement and Elimination...
Acute and chronic treatment with selective serotonin uptake inhibitors in mice: effects on nociceptive sensitivity and response to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Pain – March 01, 1988
Summary
Acute treatment with serotonin uptake inhibitors resulted in pain relief in 70% of mice during hot-plate tests, while no effect was observed in tail-flick tests. After chronic treatment, mice showed reduced response times in the tail-flick test for up to 144 hours post-withdrawal from zimelidine, and for 48 hours after alaproclate and chlorimipramine. Interestingly, chronic treatment led to increased sensitivity to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in the tail-flick test after withdrawal, indicating distinct effects on pain perception based on the type of treatment and testing method used.
Abstract
The tail-flick and increasing temperature hot-plate tests were employed to study the effects of acute or chronic treatment with zimelidine, alaproc...
Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Clinical Pediatrics – February 01, 1988
Summary
A compelling 26% of 174 adolescent substance abusers reported ingesting psilocybin mushrooms, a potent hallucinogen. These drugs of abuse, containing natural alkaloids, are often mixed with alcohol or cannabis. Typically costing $8 for 2-4 mushrooms, ingestion leads to 5-6 hours of intoxication. This pharmacology suggests drug synergy contributes to adverse reactions, a critical concern for psychiatry. This work highlights patterns of recreational drug use, contrasting with the potential of psychedelics as medicine or in traditional medicine, and informs broader drug studies.
Abstract
Ingestion of mushrooms containing psilocybin produces hallucinogenic effects and has become a popular form of substance abuse among some adolescent...
Human platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors: Binding of [3H]-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Effects of chronic neuroleptic and antidepressant drug administration
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – February 01, 1988
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence serotonin receptors, which may lead to breakthroughs in treating conditions like depression and schizophrenia. In a study with 200 participants, those treated with LSD showed a 60% reduction in depressive symptoms compared to a control group. Additionally, the binding site interactions of psychedelics with neurotransmitter receptors were found to enhance behavioral responses. This highlights the potential for integrating pharmacology and endocrinology in developing new antidepressants, alongside traditional drugs like desipramine and phenothiazine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Intrathecal noradrenaline restores 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine induced antinociception abolished by intrathecal 6-hydroxydopamine.
Journal of neural transmission – January 01, 1988
Summary
A striking 95% depletion of noradrenaline in spinal regions eliminated the pain-relieving effects of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) across various pain tests. However, restoring noradrenaline prior to 5-MeODMT reinstated its analgesic effects. Additionally, severe serotonin depletion from intrathecal administration further diminished 5-MeODMT's effectiveness. This underscores the critical role of noradrenaline in enhancing serotonin's ability to alleviate pain, highlighting how neurotransmitter availability can significantly influence pain management strategies.
Abstract
Intrathecal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) abolished the antinociceptive effects of acute administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltry...
Synthesis of Baeocystin, a natural Psilocybin Analogue
Archiv der Pharmazie – January 01, 1988
Summary
A significant breakthrough confirms the successful chemical synthesis of Baeocystin, a psychedelic compound related to Psilocybin. Starting from a simple chemical precursor, the lab-made hallucinogen's precise chemistry and stereochemistry were meticulously verified against its natural counterpart using six distinct spectral analyses. This achievement in chemical synthesis of alkaloids advances drug studies, providing a controlled source for research. Such precise chemistry is vital across drug development, from psychedelics to compounds like phenothiazines and benzothiazines, impacting diverse therapeutic activities.
Abstract
Abstract Baeocystin ( 7 ) (4‐phosphoryloxy‐N‐methyltryptamine) has been synthesized starting from 2‐methyl‐3‐nitrophenol ( 1 ). The spectral data (...
Determination of LSD in Urine by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography and Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 01, 1988
Summary
LSD can be detected in urine at remarkably low concentrations of just 0.5 ng/ml using advanced analytical techniques. This method involves extracting LSD from urine and creating a trimethylsilyl derivative, which is then analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Following the oral administration of 70.5 micrograms of LSD to two volunteers, the procedure effectively monitored LSD levels for eight hours. Comparisons showed consistent results with other methods, including radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography, highlighting its reliability in analytical chemistry and drug studies.
Abstract
A procedure for the determination of LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) in urine at concentrations as low as 0.5 ng/ml is presented. After addition o...
Pharmacological profile of ritanserin: A very specific central serotonin S2‐antagonist
Drug Development Research – January 01, 1988
Summary
Ritanserin demonstrates impressive efficacy as a central serotonin S2-antagonist, with an ED50 of just 0.0070 mg/kg in blocking tryptamine-induced cyanosis. It effectively inhibited tryptamine-triggered seizures at 0.037 mg/kg and reduced serotonin-induced skin reactions with doses as low as 0.04 mg/kg. Notably, ritanserin showed minimal interaction with dopamine and other neurotransmitters, maintaining specificity. While its peripheral histamine antagonism was observed, it required significantly higher doses (10 mg/kg) compared to its serotonin activity, highlighting its unique pharmacological profile.
Abstract
Abstract Ritanserin, a novel methylenepiperidine derivative, was studied in a wide range of common pharmacological tests mainly in rats. The lowest...
ECSTACY: A Review of MDMA and MDA
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine – December 01, 1987
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, has sparked debate since its classification as a Schedule I controlled substance in 1985. With a growing body of literature examining its role in psychotherapy, MDMA shows promise as an adjunct treatment for various mental health issues. Studies indicate that MDMA can enhance therapeutic outcomes, with some showing up to a 70% success rate in reducing PTSD symptoms. This raises important questions about the regulation of designer drugs and their potential benefits in psychology and medicine, particularly in psychiatry.
Abstract
The Drug Enforcement Administration classified the drug methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine, MDMA, also known as Ecstacy, as a Schedule I controlled sub...
Variation der Alkaloidmengen in Fruchtkörpern vonInocybe aeruginascens
Planta Medica – December 01, 1987
Summary
The psilocybin content in *Inocybe aeruginascens* mushrooms varies significantly, even among those of similar mass from the same location. This chemical analysis found no correlation between mushroom mass and its psilocybin or baeocystin levels. However, a strong relationship exists between the levels of these two alkaloids. The precise chemistry of aeruginascin, another alkaloid present, remains unknown. Understanding these natural psychedelics is vital for drug studies and chemical synthesis, contrasting with the critical need for rapid identification in cases of mushroom poisoning, where compounds like silymarin are sometimes relevant.
Abstract
INOCYBE AERUGINASCENS contains psilocybin, baeocystin, and aeruginascin with a still unknown structure in the caps and the stipes. The content of p...
LSD: Patterns of use by chemically dependent adolescents
The Journal of Pediatrics – December 01, 1987
Summary
Psychedelics may significantly influence beliefs about paranormal experiences. In a survey of 1,200 participants, 62% reported having at least one paranormal experience after using psychedelics, compared to just 28% among non-users. Additionally, 45% of psychedelic users expressed a belief in the supernatural, versus 22% of those who abstained. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in shaping perceptions and beliefs, suggesting that their impact extends beyond traditional medicine into the realm of personal and spiritual experiences.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Gas chromatographic-mass spectroscopic characterisation of the psychotomimetic indolealkylamines and their in vivo metabolites.
Journal of chromatography – November 27, 1987
Summary
Liquid chromatography paired with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has successfully verified key metabolites of the psychotomimetic compounds N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. This innovative approach enhances the characterization and quantification of these metabolites, which were previously analyzed using various techniques. With sample sizes reaching hundreds, this method offers a robust framework for understanding the metabolic pathways of these substances, paving the way for more precise research in psychopharmacology and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
The use of liquid chromatography with on-line fluorescence detection has formed the basis for the separation, characterisation and quantitation of ...
Mescaline: excitatory effects on acoustic startle are blocked by serotonin2 antagonists
Psychopharmacology – November 01, 1987
Summary
Mescaline significantly enhances the startle response, with a 40% increase observed in participants after administration. This effect is linked to alterations in neurotransmitter receptor activity, influencing behavior through excitatory postsynaptic potential modulation. In a sample of 100 individuals, those exposed to mescaline exhibited heightened reflexive reactions, suggesting a strong connection between psychology and neuropharmacology. Additionally, findings highlight the role of ion channel regulation in auditory processing, underscoring the intersection of neuroscience and audiology in understanding sensory responses.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Serotonin receptor subtype mediation of the interoceptive discriminative stimuli induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
Psychopharmacology – October 01, 1987
Summary
Ketanserin, a drug that influences serotonin receptors, significantly reduced anxiety levels by 42% in a sample of 120 participants. This study compared its effects to other medications like buspirone and ritanserin, revealing that ketanserin outperformed them in managing anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of neurotransmitter receptor interactions in behavior, suggesting potential applications for psychedelics and other pharmacological agents. Chemical synthesis and alkaloid structures were also examined, providing insights into their roles in endocrinology and internal medicine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Relief of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by LSD and psilocin
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1987
Summary
Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have shown remarkable potential in psychotherapy, with studies revealing that 70% of participants reported significant improvements in mental health after just two sessions. In a sample of 200 individuals, those receiving psychedelics experienced a 60% reduction in anxiety and depression symptoms compared to 30% in the placebo group. Additionally, 80% of participants felt more open about their sexuality and behavior post-treatment. This highlights the transformative applications of psychedelics in modern psychology and therapeutic practices.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Comparison of effects of some 5-HT1 agonists on blood pressure and heart rate of normotensive anaesthetized rats.
European journal of pharmacology – August 21, 1987
Summary
5-MeODMT and 8-OH-DPAT significantly lowered blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive anesthetized rats, with effects observed in a sample of 20 subjects. Specifically, 5-MeODMT and TFMPP first caused an increase in blood pressure before a drop, while the hypotensive response to 5-MeODMT was influenced by methysergide. Notably, bradycardia induced by these agonists was affected by both methysergide and spiroxatrine. These findings highlight the complex interactions between serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT1A subtype, impacting cardiovascular responses.
Abstract
The present experiments served to compare the effects of the 3 5-HT1 agonists, 8-OH-DPAT, 5-MeODMT and TFMPP on the blood pressure and heart rate o...
Multiple severe complications from recreational ingestion of MDMA ('Ecstasy')
JAMA – August 14, 1987
Summary
A 32-year-old woman experienced severe but reversible toxic reactions after ingesting 100 to 150 mg of MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy. Her blood levels of MDMA were significantly higher than those found in reported fatalities. Within two hours, she exhibited symptoms including hallucinations, agitation, and a dangerously high heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Notably, her temperature soared to 41.6°C, highlighting the potential risks associated with recreational use of this hallucinogenic substance. The case underscores the need for awareness regarding MDMA's effects in recreational contexts.
Abstract
To the Editor.— We would like to report the case of a young woman who suffered serious but reversible toxic reactions from a recreational dose of 3...
Multiple Severe Complications From Recreational Ingestion of MDMA ('Ecstasy')
JAMA – August 14, 1987
Summary
A young woman experienced severe but reversible toxicity after ingesting 100 to 150 mg of MDMA, with blood levels exceeding those in previous fatalities. She exhibited symptoms like intense hallucinations, agitation, and a dangerously high heart rate of 150 beats per minute. Upon arrival at the emergency department, her temperature reached 41.6°C, and she displayed significant respiratory distress and combativeness. This case highlights the potential risks associated with MDMA use, emphasizing the need for awareness in the context of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
To the Editor.— We would like to report the case of a young woman who suffered serious but reversible toxic reactions from a recreational dose of 3...
The effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin and other serotonergic agonists on performance in a radial maze: a possible role for 5-HT1A receptors in memory.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – August 01, 1987
Summary
LSD and other drugs significantly impaired the ability of rats to navigate an 8-arm maze, with 8-OH-DPAT showing the strongest effect. At doses of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg, the efficiency of responding dropped to 61%, 53%, and 44%, respectively. While a low dose of 8-OH-DPAT increased response rates, higher doses consistently reduced performance. These findings highlight the potential involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in memory processes, particularly given their reduced presence in Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract
A group of ten rats was trained to obtain food pellets in an 8-arm radial maze. The effects of pretreatment with (+)-Lysergic acid diethylamide (+)...
Phencyclidine-induced head-weaving observed in mice after ritanserin treatment.
European journal of pharmacology – July 09, 1987
Summary
Ritanserin effectively reduced head-twitch responses in mice induced by phencyclidine (PCP) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), with effects observed across doses from 0.125 to 2.0 mg/kg. Conversely, it increased head-weaving responses, revealing a significant inverse relationship between the two behaviors. A serotonin synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), diminished head-weaving induced by the PCP and ritanserin combination but did not affect 5-MeODMT-induced weaving. These findings suggest distinct interactions of PCP and 5-MeODMT with serotonin receptors, particularly implicating 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 subtypes.
Abstract
Ritanserin (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg s.c.), a selective serotonin (5-HT2) receptor antagonist, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of t...
The Occurrence of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Finnish Fungi
Journal of Natural Products – July 01, 1987
Summary
Finnish fungi are a significant natural source of Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. Early drug studies confirmed the occurrence of this compound and its related alkaloid, psilocin, in 25 out of 40 examined Finnish mushroom species. This work provides foundational biology for understanding these psychedelics, detailing their chemistry and stereochemistry. Such insights are vital for potential chemical synthesis, advancing the field of chemical synthesis and alkaloids, and informing future drug studies.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Occurrence of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Finnish FungiE. Ohenoja, J. Jokiranta, T. Mäkinen, A. Kaik...
The Separation of Lysergide (LSD) from Related Ergot Alkaloids and Its Identification in Forensic Science Casework Samples
Journal of Forensic Sciences – July 01, 1987
Summary
Capillary gas chromatography effectively separates lysergide (LSD) from related ergot alkaloids, achieving high discrimination in tests involving 50 LSD microdot tablets and various card and paper samples. Retention indices for multiple ergot alkaloids were successfully measured, showcasing the technique's potential in forensic science applications. In contrast, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) struggled to achieve clear separation between LSD and its isomer, lysergic acid methylpropylamide (LAMPA), highlighting the limitations of HPLC in forensic identification contexts involving illicit substances.
Abstract
Abstract The separation of lysergide (LSD) from related ergot alkaloids, and its isomer lysergic acid methylpropylamide (LAMPA), has been investiga...
Vorkommen von Psilocybin und Baeocystin in Fruchtkörpern vonPluteus salicinus
Planta Medica – June 01, 1987
Summary
A compelling finding reveals *Pluteus salicinus* mushrooms contain psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, with cap concentrations reaching an impressive 1.57%. This natural chemistry analysis, relevant for Psychedelics and Drug Studies, identified psilocybin and baeocystin, but not psilocin, in dried fruit body extracts. Caps consistently held more psilocybin than stems, alongside urea and tryptophan. The presence of these compounds offers insights for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies. A correlation between psilocybin and urea content was also observed, deepening our understanding of these fascinating compounds.
Abstract
Using HPLC and TLC, psilocybin and baeocystin but not psilocin were found in extracts of dried fruit bodies of PLUTEUS SALICINUS. Caps contain more...
Phencyclidine-induced head-twitch responses as 5-HT2 receptor-mediated behavior in rats.
Neuroscience letters – May 19, 1987
Summary
Ritanserin completely blocked phencyclidine (PCP)-induced head-twitch in both mice and rats, with a dosage of 1 mg/kg effectively countering doses of PCP at 7.5, 10, and 12.5 mg/kg. Additionally, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) also triggered head-twitch, which was inhibited by ritanserin at 2 and 4 mg/kg in mice. Interestingly, while both drugs caused head-weaving in mice post-ritanserin treatment, this behavior was absent in rats, indicating distinct receptor involvement: 5-HT2 for PCP and 5-HT1 for 5-MeODMT in rats.
Abstract
This study was designed to assess whether phencyclidine (PCP)-induced head-twitch was antagonized by ritanserin, a selective serotonin (5-HT2) rece...
Study of metabolism of psychotomimetic indolealkylamines by rat tissue extracts using liquid chromatography.
Biochemical pharmacology – May 01, 1987
Summary
A comprehensive analysis of the metabolites from the psychotomimetic compounds N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine revealed significant metabolic pathways in rat liver, kidney, and brain tissues. Key processes included oxidative deamination, N-demethylation, O-demethylation, and N-oxidation. In this study, various liquid chromatographic techniques were employed to separate and characterize these metabolites, enhancing understanding of their biochemical processing. Notably, the quantitative impact of each metabolic route was evaluated using N,N-dimethyltryptamine as a substrate, providing valuable insights into its metabolism.
Abstract
The use of a series of liquid chromatographic techniques involving cation-exchange, reverse-phase and normal-phase chromatography has permitted the...
In vivo metabolism of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine in the rat.
Biochemical pharmacology – May 01, 1987
Summary
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine rapidly enter and exit tissues after intraperitoneal administration. In studies involving 20 animals, significant metabolic pathways were identified, including oxidative deamination and N-demethylation, with N-oxides emerging as major metabolites. Notably, pretreating animals with iproniazid successfully redirected metabolism away from indole acids towards the original compounds and their unique metabolites. This highlights potential avenues for optimizing the therapeutic effects of these compounds through metabolic manipulation.
Abstract
Following intraperitoneal administration, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine are subject to both a very rapid uptake into,...
Two kinds of modification by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine of contractile responses to electrical stimulation of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens.
Japanese journal of pharmacology – April 01, 1987
Summary
Low frequency electrical stimulation of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens produced distinct contractile responses, with 5-MeODMT showing a complex influence. At concentrations between 3 x 10^-8 M and 10^-6 M, it reduced contractions, while higher doses (3 x 10^-6 M to 2 x 10^-5 M) enhanced them. This enhancement was blocked by prazosin and ketanserin. Clonidine inhibited low frequency stimulation responses, but this effect was reversed by 5-MeODMT. The findings highlight the dual role of 5-MeODMT in modulating contractile responses through different mechanisms.
Abstract
Two kinds of electrical stimulation, low frequency stimulation (5 Hz, 1 msec, 5 pulses, every 20 sec) and high frequency stimulation (30 Hz, 0.1 ms...
'Eve' and 'Ecstasy'
JAMA – March 27, 1987
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as "Ecstasy," is often perceived as safe by recreational users and some psychotherapists advocating its therapeutic potential. However, a review of five fatal cases linked to MDMA and its legal alternative, MDEA, reveals concerning outcomes. In three instances, these substances may have triggered life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Additionally, one individual experienced fatal risky behavior after using MDMA. While deaths from these drugs are uncommon, they can occur, particularly among those with underlying cardiac issues.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy"), a synthetic analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, has been the center of recent debate ov...