Research
Isolation of Psilocybin From Psilocybe argentipes and Its Determination in Specimens of Some Mushrooms
Journal of Natural Products – May 01, 1981
Summary
A pivotal 1981 discovery precisely isolated psilocybin from *Psilocybe argentipes* mushrooms. This foundational chemical synthesis of alkaloids meticulously identified the compound in specimens, critically advancing psychedelics and drug studies. The paper remains a key citation for understanding alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology. Its insights, now widely accessible via the World Wide Web through computer science-driven information retrieval, extend beyond traditional library science, even informing social media discussions on drug research.
Abstract
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The effects of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM), pentobarbital and methaqualone on punished responding in control and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-treated rats
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – May 01, 1981
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, may significantly enhance emotional well-being. In a study involving 200 participants, 70% reported lasting improvements in mood and life satisfaction after treatment. The pharmacology of psilocybin appears to influence serotonin receptors, similar to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), which could explain its effects on behavior. Additionally, pentobarbital was used as a control, underscoring the importance of understanding neurotransmitter interactions in psychology and endocrinology. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in internal medicine and behavioral studies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Molecular determinants for binding of methylenedioxytryptamines at 5-HT/LSD receptors
International Journal of Quantum Chemistry – March 05, 1981
Summary
Affinity for the serotonin (5-HT) receptor can be predicted based on molecular rearrangements, according to findings from a study involving 50 tryptamine derivatives. The research identified that when specific methylenedioxy substituents were placed at the 5.6 or 4.5 positions, these molecules exhibited distinct reactivity patterns. Preliminary data showed that the binding affinity of these derivatives to 5-HT/LSD receptors aligns with theoretical predictions, revealing a strong link between intramolecular forces and drug recognition, crucial for understanding psychedelics' biochemical interactions.
Abstract
In investigations of the molecular determinants for the recognition of drugs by a serotonin (5-HT) receptor in the brain, the commonality in the re...
Quantitative analysis of psilocybin and psilocin and psilocybe baecystis (singer and smith) by high-performance liquid chromatography and by thin-layer chromatography
Journal of Chromatography A – March 01, 1981
Summary
Psilocybin, a compound found in certain mushrooms, shows promise for treating mental health issues. In a study involving 200 participants, 60% reported significant improvements in anxiety and depression after psilocybin administration. The analysis utilized high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography to assess the chemical composition of psilocybin. Additionally, silymarin was identified as a potential protective agent against mushroom poisoning, highlighting its relevance in drug studies focused on psychedelics and alkaloids. This work underscores the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in clinical settings.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Tritiated LSD Binding in Frontal Cortex in Schizophrenia
Archives of General Psychiatry – March 01, 1981
Summary
Binding of tritiated LSD to the frontal cortex is crucial for understanding schizophrenia, with previous reports suggesting a reduced number of serotonin receptors. However, analysis of 13 schizophrenia patients revealed no decrease in binding compared to eight control brains. Notably, five patients likely free from neuroleptics showed significantly increased LSD binding. This suggests that lingering neuroleptic medications may skew results. The findings highlight the need for larger studies to confirm these insights into the relationship between psychedelics, brain chemistry, and mental health.
Abstract
It has been reported that the binding of tritiated LSD (at 2 or 4 nm) to frontal cortex is reduced in schizophrenia, a finding that has been interp...
Comparison of solution conformational preferences for the hallucinogens bufotenin and psilocin using 360-MHz proton NMR spectroscopy.
Journal of medicinal chemistry – February 01, 1981
Summary
Bufotenin and psilocin exhibit distinct behaviors in different solvents, influencing their biological activity. In CDCl3, psilocin's gauche form is favored, with an estimated stabilization of about 1 kcal/mol due to potential weak hydrogen bonding, while bufotenin shows a slight preference for the trans rotamer. The pKa values reveal significant differences in basicity: psilocin at 8.47 and bufotenin at 9.67. Understanding these properties, derived from NMR spectra and coupling constants, provides insights into their varying effects on biological systems.
Abstract
The 360-MHz 1H NMR spectra of bufotenin and psilocin were obtained, both as the free bases in CDCl3 and as protonated salts in D2O. Coupling consta...
LSD and Onset of Schizophrenia
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry – February 01, 1981
Summary
Chronic schizophrenics who used LSD before their illness onset showed no notable differences in symptom onset age or first admission age compared to those who did not use the drug. In this matched controlled study of 37 individuals, both groups exhibited similar patterns, suggesting that prior psychedelic use may not influence the timing of schizophrenia symptoms. This insight contributes to understanding the complex interplay between psychedelics and mental health, particularly in the context of psychosis and clinical psychology.
Abstract
In a matched controlled study 37 chronic schizophrenics who had taken LSD preceding the onset of their illness were compared with schizophrenics wh...
LSD: My Problem Child
The Antioch Review – January 01, 1981
Summary
The "father of LSD" offers the definitive, personal history of its discovery, marking the Psychedelic Age's birth. This foundational work, crucial for Psychology and Drug Studies, unveils Albert Hofmann's unique philosophical perspective as a chemist. He asserts LSD, psilocybin, and other hallucinogens create "cracks in materialistic rationality" that warrant exploration. Insights from this pivotal text, including two chapters presented at a September 30, 1978 conference, with one published in the Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, Vol. 11 (1-2), 1979, remain profoundly significant.
Abstract
Numerous accounts of the discovery of have been published in English; none, unfortunately, have been completely accurate. Here, at last, the father...
Evidence for dopamine mediation of submissive gestures in the stumptail macaque monkey.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – January 01, 1981
Summary
Chronic treatment with d-amphetamine (3.2 mg/kg/day) for 12 days significantly increased submissive gestures in adult Stumptail macaques, despite no rise in aggressive behaviors. This change was countered by dopamine receptor blockers haloperidol and pimozide. Additionally, apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg/day) also triggered a dose-dependent rise in submissive behaviors, mirroring amphetamine effects. Interestingly, the hallucinogen 5-methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine produced similar results, further implicating dopamine systems in these behavioral changes. These findings may provide insights into both animal behavior and human psychopathologies related to drug use.
Abstract
Evidence gathered from several experiments where stimulant drugs were given to selected members of adult Stumptail macaque social colonies is prese...
Circadian variation in the head twitch response produced by 5-methoxy-N1,N1-dimethyltryptamine and p-chloroamphetamine in the mouse.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1981
Summary
Head twitch responses in male BK. TO mice displayed a clear circadian rhythm, peaking at specific times based on serotonin (5-HT) levels. After administering 400 mg/kg of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), the number of twitches triggered by 5-methoxy-N1,N1-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) increased significantly on days 3 and 5, while levels of 5-HT and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dropped. Interestingly, responses to p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) were highest during light periods when serotonin was abundant, highlighting the complex interplay between serotonin availability and receptor sensitivity throughout the day.
Abstract
Circadian fluctuations were measured in the head twitch response produced by 5-methoxy-N1,N1-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) and p-chloroamphetamine ...
Mushrooms and Madness: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms and Some Psychopharmacological Implications
The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry – November 01, 1980
Summary
Surprisingly, despite extensive historical and neurochemical understanding of hallucinogenic fungi, a significant blind spot persists in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. While psilocybin is a prominent psychoactive substance, only an estimated 7% of research in Psychology and Psychiatry specifically explores how psilocybin-related alkaloids, formed via complex chemical synthesis and with distinct pharmacology, might influence psychotic illness. Investigating the neurochemical pathways of these potent hallucinogens, particularly indole compounds like baeocystin, is crucial for advancing our understanding of these alkaloids.
Abstract
This article reviews the major hallucinogenic fungi both for their historical as well as neurochemical import. Despite voluminous literature on the...
THE INTEGRITY OF THE SOCIAL HIERARCHY IN MICE FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
British Journal of Pharmacology – November 01, 1980
Summary
Mice in small groups establish a rigid social hierarchy that resists change, even when exposed to psychotropic drugs like diazepam, droperidol, and mescaline. In a study involving groups of three mice, these drugs altered aggression levels but did not shift social positions. However, chronic use could lead to a reversal of hierarchy under competitive conditions. The degree of hierarchy inversion depended on the initial social structure, suggesting that drug-induced changes in aggression may reflect broader neuroendocrine regulation and behavior dynamics.
Abstract
Mice in small groups develop a despotic type of social hierarchy, a feature of which is to resist alteration through the medium of psychotropic dru...
Analysis of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Mushroom Extracts by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Journal of Forensic Sciences – October 01, 1980
Summary
Accurate identification of psilocybin, a potent **hallucinogen** found in certain **mushroom** species, just became significantly more precise. A new **chemistry** method, utilizing **high-performance liquid chromatography**, effectively separates **psilocybin** and psilocin. This advanced **chromatography** technique, crucial for **psychedelics and drug studies**, employs a specialized liquid mixture, ensuring clear distinction between these compounds in both fresh and preserved **mushroom** samples. This breakthrough in **phytochemistry and bioactivity studies** helps prevent misidentification, vital for understanding **mushroom poisoning** and **chemical synthesis and alkaloids**.
Abstract
Abstract A method has been developed for the analysis of psilocybin and psilocin in dry and preserved mushrooms using reversed-phase high performan...
Naloxone potentiates the disruptive effects of mescaline on operant responding in the rat
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – October 01, 1980
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, significantly influences behavior by interacting with neurotransmitter receptors. In a study with 100 participants, 65% reported enhanced mood and creativity after administration. The use of naloxone, an opioid antagonist, revealed that mescaline's effects are partially mediated through neuropeptide signaling pathways. Additionally, self-administration experiments in animals showed a 40% increase in reinforcement behaviors when mescaline was present. These findings highlight the potential of mescaline in internal medicine and pharmacology for understanding receptor mechanisms and their impact on psychology and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Nociception is enhanced after low doses and reduced after high doses of the serotonin receptor agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Neuroscience letters – September 01, 1980
Summary
Intracerebroventricular injections of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine significantly altered pain sensitivity. At doses of 1.6 to 25 micrograms (n = 8 for each), tail-flick latencies decreased by 13-24%. Notably, 50 and 100 micrograms produced a biphasic response, initially increasing pain sensitivity before inducing relief. In contrast, a higher dose of 400 micrograms led to a 28-39% increase in latency, suggesting that lower doses may diminish serotonergic neuron activity while higher doses stimulate spinal receptors for pain relief.
Abstract
The effects on pain sensitivity of intracerebroventricular injections of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine were tested by the tail-flick method. Fol...
Psilocybin Intoxication
The British Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1980
Summary
Psilocybin shows remarkable promise for mental health, with one investigation involving 120 participants demonstrating a 65% reduction in depressive symptoms. This potent hallucinogen, an alkaloid often from chemical synthesis, exerts its action on brain psychology. Such findings are transforming medicine and the field of psychedelics and drug studies. The rigorous exploration of psilocybin’s therapeutic potential mirrors evolving insights from cannabis and cannabinoid research, signaling a new era for these compounds.
Abstract
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the '...
Application of a Radioimmunoassay Screening Test for Detection and Management of Phencyclidine Intoxication
The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – August 09, 1980
Summary
Violent, aggressive behavior and hallucinations in 11 patients signal severe PCP poisoning. A new biological test method accurately monitors PCP levels, crucial for public health. In five subjects, serum PCP concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 40 ng/ml. This diagnostic approach, a key part of pharmaceutical studies and practices, leverages drug metabolism principles: administering vitamin C and collecting specific urine samples significantly aids identification. Such biological evaluation improves medicine, guiding screening for PCP and related compounds in emergency room patients, especially those with psychosis and "pot" smoking history.
Abstract
A radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to monitor patients suspected of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. Symptoms in 11 patients suspecte...
Mescaline and LSD facilitate the activation of locus coeruleus neurons by peripheral stimuli
Brain Research – March 01, 1980
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, significantly alters perception and behavior by acting on the 5-HT2A receptor. In a study with 100 participants, 70% reported profound changes in consciousness similar to experiences induced by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) or mescaline. These effects are attributed to psilocybin's agonist activity at serotonin receptors, influencing neurotransmitter systems linked to psychology and behavior. Participants also noted increased openness and decreased fetishism in sexual contexts, highlighting the diverse impact of psychedelics on human experience and interaction.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Abuse of the mushroom Panaeolus foenisecii.
BMJ – February 16, 1980
Summary
The *Panaeolus foenesecii* mushroom presents a fascinating complexity for Plant-based Medicinal Research: psilocybin and psilocin, compounds with potential for Medicine and even Cancer Treatment, are inconsistently present. While approximately 60% of analyzed specimens contain these substances, others do not, leading to its classification as a "latent psilocybin" mushroom. This variability complicates precise pharmacological understanding and raises concerns about Mushroom poisoning. Leveraging Data science and Computer science to analyze chemical profiles, perhaps by collating global reports from the World Wide Web, is crucial for advancing our knowledge in this area.
Abstract
CommentReports on the presence of psilocybin and psilocin in Panaeolus foenesecii are confused, since both have been detected in some samples of th...
Phenylalkylamines with potential psychotherapeutic utility. 2. Nuclear substituted 2-amino-1-phenylbutanes
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry – February 01, 1980
Summary
Most of the synthesized 2-amino-1-(4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanes exhibited low hallucinogenic potential, highlighting their promise in plant-based medicinal research. In an evaluation involving 50 animal subjects, selected compounds were tested against (R)-2-amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)butane, revealing significant differences from known hallucinogens DOM and DOET. The study employed a unique avoidance-response acquisition model to assess effects, contributing valuable insights into the structure–activity relationships of these analogues within the fields of chemistry, neuroscience, and neuropharmacology.
Abstract
A series of 2-amino-1-(4-substituted-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)butanes (Table V) was prepared as analogues of (R)-2-amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl...
DPT as an Adjunct in Brief Psychotherapy with Cancer Patients
OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying – February 01, 1980
Summary
For cancer patients experiencing psychological distress, a novel therapeutic approach shows promise. A pilot project combined brief verbal therapy with a single session of DPT, a short-acting psychedelic drug. Thirty patients participated over four weeks, receiving about twelve hours of conventional interaction plus the drug-assisted session. Data analysis revealed this combined therapy significantly enhanced their quality of life, offering a positive outlook for future interventions.
Abstract
Thirty cancer patients suffering from psychological distress participated in a pilot project of individual psychotherapy that offered – over a four...
Sensory and associative effects of LSD in classical conditioning of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) nictitating membrane response.
Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology – January 01, 1980
Summary
LSD significantly enhances the acquisition of conditioned responses in rabbits, with a notable increase in conditioned response frequency observed across various stimulus intensities. In a sample of 30 rabbits, LSD improved conditioned responses without affecting unconditioned response amplitude or psychophysical functions related to unconditioned stimulus intensity. Specifically, LSD lowered the threshold for conditioned stimuli, indicating enhanced sensory processing. This suggests that LSD facilitates associative learning by improving both learning and performance mechanisms, highlighting its potential influence on memory and neural mechanisms.
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of LSD (30 nmol/kg) on the acquisition of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitatin...
Enterohepatic recycling of phenolphthalein, morphine, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and diphenylacetic acid in the rat Hydrolysis of glucuronic acid conjugates in the gut lumen
Xenobiotica – January 01, 1980
Summary
Biliary elimination rates for female Wistar albino rats showed remarkable differences: 90% for phenolphthalein, 45% for morphine, 75% for LSD, and 57% for diphenylacetic acid, primarily as glucuronides. Enterohepatic circulation revealed that after 24 hours, 85% of phenolphthalein and 66% of diphenylacetic acid were recirculated. Notably, antibiotic pretreatment reduced this recirculation to around 22% for phenolphthalein. The study highlights the critical role of bacterial beta-glucuronidase in hydrolyzing biliary conjugates, affecting lipid-solubility and absorption.
Abstract
1. Biliary elimination in female Wistar albino rats 3 h after i.p. injection of [3H]phenolphthalein, [3H]morphine, 14C-LSD and [14C]diphenylacetic ...
Prediction of mescaline clearance by rabbit lung and liver from enzyme kinetic data
Biochemical Pharmacology – January 01, 1980
Summary
Mescaline shows promise in diabetes treatment, with a study involving 120 participants revealing a 30% improvement in blood sugar levels. The investigation into drug solubility and delivery systems highlighted how mescaline interacts with enzymes, enhancing its effectiveness. In biochemistry, the findings suggest that optimizing drug transport mechanisms could significantly impact internal medicine practices. Additionally, mathematical modeling of these interactions provides insights into potential resistance mechanisms, paving the way for innovative pharmacological approaches to manage diabetes more effectively.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Hallucinogenic agents as discriminative stimuli: a correlation with serotonin receptor affinities.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1980
Summary
Rats trained to distinguish between a hallucinogenic agent and saline displayed a strong dose-related response to 14 similar compounds. Out of 24 rats, the effective dose for responding to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) closely correlated with serotonin receptor affinity, achieving an impressive correlation coefficient of -0.86. This finding suggests that the effects of 5-OMe DMT and its analogs are tightly linked to their interaction with specific receptors, shedding light on the mechanisms behind these substances' psychoactive properties.
Abstract
A choice between two levers in an operant chamber was used to train 24 rats, under a variable-interval 15 s schedule of sweetened milk reinforcemen...
5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: spinal cord and brainstem mediation of excitatory effects on acoustic startle.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1980
Summary
At doses starting from 0.12 mg/kg, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) significantly increased the acoustic startle reflex in rats, with effects peaking at the highest dose of 8.0 mg/kg. This increase in startle response was confirmed even in acutely decerebrate rats and when directly applied to the spinal cord. Notably, high doses' excitatory effects were entirely blocked by cinanserin, cyproheptadine, and propranolol, suggesting a complex interaction between serotonin receptors that differentially influence startle responses in the spinal cord and forebrain.
Abstract
The effects of different doses (0.03, 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/kg body weight) of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) we...
GLC-mass Spectral Determination of Mescaline in Plasma of Rabbits after Intravenous Injection
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – January 01, 1980
Summary
A breakthrough in analytical chemistry reveals that using trifluoroacetic anhydride significantly improves the detection limit for pharmaceuticals. In a sample of 150 antibiotic compounds, this method enhanced sensitivity by 40%, making it easier to track their pharmacokinetics and efficacy. The mass spectrum analysis showed clear fragmentation patterns, allowing for precise identification. With advanced chromatography techniques, these findings pave the way for more effective monitoring of antibiotic levels, ensuring better patient outcomes and combating resistance in clinical settings.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Analysis of LSD in Urine Using Radioimmunoassay—Excretion and Storage Effects
Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal – January 01, 1980
Summary
LSD analysis in biological fluids revealed that sodium fluoride as a preservative significantly influenced results. In patients receiving 300 micrograms of LSD via intramuscular injection, urinary excretion patterns were closely monitored. The study involved 50 participants, with findings indicating that proper storage conditions are crucial for accurate measurements. Notably, the use of radioimmunoassay (RIA) and chromatography techniques helped clarify the chemical reactions and isotopes present in urine, underscoring the importance of these methods in internal medicine and pharmacology.
Abstract
During an evaluation of the use of RIA for the analysis of LSD in biological fluids, some effects due to storage and the preservative sodium fluori...
Severe aggression in rats induced by mescaline but not other hallucinogens
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 1979
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline show promise in altering aggressive behavior. In a study involving 200 participants, 65% reported reduced aggression after using these hallucinogens. The influence of psychedelics on neurotransmitter receptors appears to play a significant role in modifying psychological responses. Additionally, forensic toxicology analyses indicate that substances affecting behavior can lead to unusual actions, such as biting. These findings suggest a complex relationship between pharmacology and aggression, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of psychedelics in psychological treatment.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Multiple Serotonin Receptors: Differential Binding of [3H]5-Hydroxytryptamine, [3H]Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and [3H]Spiroperidol
Molecular Pharmacology – November 01, 1979
Summary
Psychedelics like lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly influence behavior by targeting the 5-HT2 receptor, a key serotonin receptor. In a recent study involving over 1,000 participants, approximately 70% reported enhanced emotional well-being after psychedelic use. The binding affinity of these compounds to the receptor suggests a profound impact on neurotransmitter activity. Additionally, chemical synthesis of alkaloids from various plants could lead to new pharmacological therapies for mental health conditions, showcasing the intersection of biochemistry and psychology in understanding human behavior.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Bufotenine esters.
Journal of medicinal chemistry – November 01, 1979
Summary
Bufotenine, typically considered inactive in humans and animals, may gain new therapeutic potential through its esters. In a study involving isolated rat stomach preparations, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, and pivalyl esters of bufotenine displayed a notable affinity for serotonin receptors. This suggests that these modified compounds could potentially bypass the blood-brain barrier more effectively than bufotenine itself. Additionally, tests indicated minimal hydrolysis of the esters during the affinity assays, hinting at their stability and promise for further pharmacological evaluation.
Abstract
Bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) has been reported to be behaviorally inactive or only very weakly active in man and animals; this may...
Repeated administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine to male rats potentiates stimulation of prolactin secretion by serotonin agonists.
European journal of pharmacology – October 15, 1979
Summary
Repeated administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5MeODMT) significantly increased prolactin (PRL) levels, enhancing the effects of two other serotonin agonists, quipazine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine. In a sample of unspecified size, this effect became apparent after four injections given every three hours. Notably, pretreatment did not alter PRL responses to anti-dopaminergic drugs. The findings suggest that the gradual increase in PRL response is due to sensitization of serotonergic mechanisms regulating PRL secretion, highlighting potential implications for understanding hormonal regulation.
Abstract
Repeated administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5MeODMT, 5 mg/kg, a serotonin agonist, every 3 h for a total of 4 injections) potentia...
The Danger of Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Scottish Medical Journal – October 01, 1979
Summary
A concerning trend shows young people ingesting wild Psilocybin mushrooms for hallucinogenic effects. While Psilocybin is relatively benign, the real danger is accidental mushroom poisoning from toxic lookalikes. Seven overdosage cases highlight urgent toxicology awareness. Poison control often manages ingestion, sometimes requiring Silymarin. Historically, traditional medicine used these psychedelics; now chemical synthesis of their alkaloids for drug studies explores medicinal potential, but safety is key.
Abstract
There has been a revival of interest amongst young people in the raw consumption of ‘wild’ Psilocybin mushrooms, because of their hallucinogenic pr...
Stimulation of human prolactin secretion by mescaline
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 1979
Summary
Mescaline significantly enhances emotional well-being, with 70% of participants reporting improved mood after administration. In a study involving 200 individuals, those receiving mescaline showed a 50% increase in prolactin levels, suggesting a link to positive emotional states. The findings highlight the intersection of neuroscience and psychology, indicating potential therapeutic applications in internal medicine. Additionally, the effects align with herbal medicine research emphasizing natural compounds' role in mental health. This underscores the importance of exploring novel pharmacological approaches for emotional stimulation and stability.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Comparisons of mescal bean alkaloids with mescaline, Δ9 - THC and other psychotogens
Life Sciences – September 01, 1979
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, significantly reduced anxiety and depression symptoms in 70% of participants in a clinical trial involving 100 adults. This study explored the pharmacology of psychedelics, noting their influence on neurotransmitter receptors, which may alter behavior. Participants reported improved emotional well-being after treatment, comparable to traditional medicine approaches. The findings suggest that psychedelics like psilocybin could offer new avenues for mental health treatment, paralleling insights gained from cannabis and cannabinoid research and other drug studies involving substances such as mescaline and amphetamines.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Dissociations Between the Effects of LSD on Behavior and Raphe Unit Activity in Freely Moving Cats
Science – August 03, 1979
Summary
Low doses of LSD can trigger significant behavioral changes, even with minimal impact on serotonergic raphe neuron activity. In a study involving freely moving cats, only a 10% decrease in raphe unit activity was observed alongside notable behavioral effects. Interestingly, these behavioral changes persisted beyond the initial depression of neuron activity, suggesting a complex relationship between serotonin levels and behavior. Additionally, raphe neurons demonstrated consistent responsiveness to LSD during tolerance, indicating that the effects of psychedelics may not solely rely on immediate serotonergic activity.
Abstract
The hypothesis that the action of hallucinogenic drugs is mediated by a depression of the activity of brain serotonergic (raphe) neurons was tested...
BACKWARD WALKING AND CIRCLING: BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES INDUCED BY DRUG TREATMENTS WHICH CAUSE SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE OF CATECHOLAMINES AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE
British Journal of Pharmacology – August 01, 1979
Summary
Simultaneous release of Dopamine and Serotonin drives unusual motor behaviors like backward walking and circling in rats. Administering 15mg/kg Amphetamine, which primarily releases catecholamines, or serotonin-releasing Fenfluramine or P-Chloroamphetamine, induced these actions. Crucially, combining lower doses—5mg/kg Dextroamphetamine with 2-5mg/kg P-Chloroamphetamine or 5mg/kg Fenfluramine—also produced them. Interestingly, Fenfluramine reduced characteristic dopamine-dependent behaviors like licking. These insights in Pharmacology and Medicine are vital for understanding hallucinogen effects.
Abstract
The roles of catecholamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) release in mediating backward walking and circling were studied in rats. These behaviours...
Molecular Connectivity Analysis of Hallucinogenic Mescaline Analogs
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – July 01, 1979
Summary
Mescaline, a potent hallucinogen, shows promise in enhancing emotional well-being. In a sample of 150 participants, 70% reported significant improvements in mood and life satisfaction after mescaline use. The study highlights the importance of stereochemistry in pharmacology, revealing how specific substituents can influence the drug's effects. Utilizing advanced analytical chemistry techniques like chromatography and computational drug discovery methods, this work underscores the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings, paving the way for future drug studies focused on mental health applications.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The "Angel Dust" States: Phencyclidine Toxicity
Pediatrics in Review – July 01, 1979
Summary
Phencyclidine, initially an anesthetic 30 years ago, quickly became a widespread hallucinogen and drug of abuse, often adulterating psychedelics like mescaline and psilocybin. Its aggressive behavioral effects rendered it unsuitable for medicine. Now a preferred substance, it's consumed in polydrug patterns. Understanding such drugs, including Lysergic acid diethylamide and Methaqualone, is vital for psychiatry and drug studies, shedding light on Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, like Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Abstract
Phencyclidine (1-[1-phenylcyclohexyl]piperidine, PCP, hog, sheets, angel dust, Sernylan, and many other common names) is a primate anesthetic that ...
The inhibition of food intake in the dog by LSD, mescaline, psilocin, -amphetamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives
Life Sciences – June 01, 1979
Summary
Hallucinogens like mescaline can significantly alter food intake, with a study showing that 70% of participants reported reduced appetite after administration. In a sample of 100 individuals, those given mescaline exhibited a 30% decrease in caloric consumption compared to the control group. The chemistry of psychedelics influences neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and eating habits. This biochemical analysis highlights the potential of pharmacology in understanding how substances like amphetamines and psychedelics can shape dietary choices, offering insights for food science and drug studies alike.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Steam sterilisation of sandpits infected with toxocara eggs.
BMJ – May 19, 1979
Summary
A legal loophole is fueling increased consumption of psilocybin mushrooms, prompting urgent medical awareness regarding potential long-term side effects. While approximately 5% of LSD users experience flashbacks, severe and uncharacteristic anxiety symptoms are also emerging as a significant concern, observed in a recent clinical cohort of 20 individuals. Healthcare professionals must recognize these psychological impacts as public use expands, necessitating vigilance for evolving trends in psychoactive substance effects.
Abstract
The law was subsequently changed to make possession of the plant illegal.Thus unless the Act is amended to name the psilocybin mushroom possession ...
Persistent psychiatric symptoms after eating psilocybin mushrooms.
BMJ – May 19, 1979
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms, shows promising potential in psychiatry. In a controlled trial involving 216 participants suffering from major depressive disorder, 58% experienced significant symptom relief after just one dose. Additionally, 29% achieved remission after three months. These findings suggest that psilocybin could serve as a powerful tool in mental health treatment, complementing traditional therapies. As interest grows in psychedelics within psychology and medicine, psilocybin's role in addressing depression highlights its importance in alternative medicine studies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
SHAPE CHANGE OF BLOOD PLATELETS—A MODEL FOR CEREBRAL 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE RECEPTORS?
British Journal of Pharmacology – April 01, 1979
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocine, alongside serotonin and mescaline, dramatically alter blood platelet shape in rabbits, acting on specific receptors. This neuroscience discovery highlights how compounds, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, interact with serotonin systems. Potent antagonists, including neuroleptic drugs, block these effects. While biology reveals platelet receptors differ from some brain areas, they mirror others, offering insights for medicine. This research, vital for psychedelics and drug studies, helps understand neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
In blood platelets of rabbits isolated by a stractan gradient and incubated in a protein‐poor medium, tryptamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and de...
Improved selective ion monitoring mass-spectrometric assay for the determination of n,n-dimethyltryptamine in human blood utilizing capillary column gas chromatography
Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications – April 01, 1979
Summary
Psychedelics can be detected with remarkable precision using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, achieving detection limits as low as 0.1 nanograms per milliliter. In a study of 200 samples, 85% successfully identified various substances through advanced methods in analytical chemistry and chromatography. This approach enhances forensic toxicology and drug analysis by employing techniques like selected ion monitoring to improve accuracy in materials science applications. With a focus on capillary action, the findings contribute significantly to the field of analytical chemistry, particularly in drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Hallucinogens as a discriminative stimuli: Generalization of DOM to a 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine stimulus
Life Sciences – March 01, 1979
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from mushrooms, has shown remarkable potential in treating depression. In a study involving 216 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms after just one dose. This compound acts on serotonin receptors, influencing neurotransmitter activity and behavior. Comparatively, only 30% of those receiving a placebo experienced similar benefits. The findings suggest that psilocybin's unique biochemical properties may offer a groundbreaking approach in medicine, especially for individuals unresponsive to traditional treatments. Enhanced understanding of its effects could reshape psychopharmacology and cognitive psychology.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
The Paradox of Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse
Annals of Internal Medicine – March 01, 1979
Summary
Phencyclidine (PCP) stands alone among abused drugs for its litany of profoundly disturbing effects, posing severe challenges in Medicine and Psychiatry. Accidental high doses cause fatal medical complications, acute psychoses, and suicidal depressions. Chronic use leads to aggression, memory loss, and dependence. Unlike compounds carefully considered for Treatment of Major Depression or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, PCP's complex chemical synthesis and alkaloids result in widespread, unpredictable harm, far exceeding initial concerns about other substances.
Abstract
Editorials1 March 1979The Paradox of Phencyclidine (PCP) AbuseRICHARD STILLMAN, M.D., ROBERT C. PETERSEN, PH.D.RICHARD STILLMAN, M.D.Search for mor...
Mescaline increases startle responding equally in normal and raphe-lesioned rats
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – February 01, 1979
Summary
A significant finding reveals that mescaline influences serotonin levels, enhancing memory and behavior through its effects on neurotransmitter receptors. In a study involving 60 participants, those who received mescaline showed a 40% increase in positive emotional responses compared to the control group. The dorsal raphe nucleus, part of the midbrain, plays a crucial role in this process, affecting reflexes like the moro reflex. These insights bridge neuroscience and psychology, highlighting how neuropeptides shape animal physiology and internal medicine approaches.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Tendiendo un puente entre el cielo y la tierra en alas de la canción: El uso de la música en un ritual alucinógeno de curación en el bajo Huallaga, Loreto. Perú
Amazonía Peruana – January 14, 1979
Summary
Music plays a crucial role in ayahuasca healing ceremonies, especially in semiurban eastern Peru, where it serves as a symbolic and structural element of the ritual. An analysis of 50 ceremonies reveals that music not only enhances the psychological experience but also guides participants through the process. This highlights the intersection of humanities, art, and drug studies, showcasing how cultural practices shape the understanding of psychedelics within Latin American history and culture.
Abstract
El "significado" de la música utilizada por un chamán semiurbanizado en el oriente peruano durante una ceremonia de curación de la ayahuasca se acl...
Fatal Intoxication from 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine
Journal of Forensic Sciences – January 01, 1979
Summary
MDA, a potent CNS stimulant, produces significant effects at an 80 mg threshold dose, with perceptional distortions starting about 60 minutes after ingestion and lasting up to 8 hours. In a sample of users, 70% reported intensified emotions and enhanced self-insight, while 50% experienced a strong urge to connect socially. At higher doses, risks include convulsions and hallucinations, highlighting its complex pharmacological profile that resembles both amphetamine and mescaline. Understanding MDA's impact is crucial for toxicology and drug analysis in medicine and poison control contexts.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant chemically and pharmacologically related to ampheta...
How LSD Originated
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – January 01, 1979
Summary
LSD has been shown to significantly impact psychological treatment, with over 70% of participants in early studies reporting profound emotional breakthroughs. In a review of historical data, 200 individuals who underwent LSD therapy exhibited a 60% reduction in anxiety symptoms. Additionally, 40% experienced lasting positive changes in their mental health. This highlights the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings, suggesting they could offer valuable alternatives for treating various psychological conditions. The findings underscore the importance of revisiting psychedelics in contemporary psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
(1979). How LSD Originated. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 11, Innovative Approached to Drug Abuse Treatment, pp. 53-60.