Research
Neuroendocrine and neurochemical effects of acute ibogaine administration: a time course evaluation.
Brain research – October 21, 1996
Summary
A single injection of ibogaine (IBO) significantly impacts neuroendocrine and neurochemical functions. In a study with adult male rats, IBO at 50 mg/kg led to a rapid increase in plasma prolactin within 15 minutes, returning to baseline by 60 minutes. Corticosterone surged after 15 minutes and peaked at 120 minutes before normalizing at 24 hours. Dopamine levels decreased in the striatum and frontal cortex during the first two hours, while metabolites rose. These findings suggest IBO's potential role in drug addiction treatment merits further exploration.
Abstract
Ibogaine (IBO) is an indole alkaloid that is reported to facilitate drug abstinence in substance abusers. Despite considerable investigation, the m...
Ibogaine neurotoxicity: a re-evaluation.
Brain research – October 21, 1996
Summary
High doses of ibogaine (100 mg/kg) resulted in significant degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells in all tested rats, with notable damage in lobules 5 and 6, which could lead to long-term motor deficits affecting the head and upper extremities. In contrast, a lower dose of 40 mg/kg, effective in reducing morphine and cocaine self-administration, showed no degeneration beyond saline-treated controls. This indicates that the drug's degenerative effects and its potential anti-addictive properties may stem from different mechanisms.
Abstract
Ibogaine is claimed to be an effective treatment for opiate and stimulant addiction. O'Hearn and Molliver, however, showed that ibogaine causes deg...
Development and Validation of a Nonisotopic Immunoassay for the Detection of LSD in Human Urine
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
An innovative microplate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) effectively detects lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine. Utilizing just a 25-microL sample, the assay showed impressive precision with a coefficient of variation of 6% at the cutoff of 0.5 ng/mL across 20 replicates. Tested on 458 samples, it identified three additional positives compared to a commercial radioimmunoassay. This advanced biochemical analysis method is adaptable for automation and suitable for various laboratory settings, offering a reliable alternative without the need for radioactivity.
Abstract
A microplate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine was developed. The assay kit is designed...
An OnLine Immunoassay for LSD: Comparison with GC-MS and the Abuscreen(R) RIA
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
A new immunoassay effectively detects d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine, achieving a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. In a sample of 31 previously confirmed LSD-positive cases, all were accurately identified by the assay. Among 1,000 presumed negative samples, 992 (99.2%) returned negative results, while eight tested positive but were deemed negative by another method. The assay demonstrated impressive precision, with within-run variability under 2.5% and between-run variability below 3%, showcasing its reliability for clinical applications in analytical chemistry and chromatography.
Abstract
A homogenous microparticle-based immunoassay has been developed for the detection of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine using the On...
Analysis of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its Metabolites in Plasma and Urine by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, shows significant presence in the illicit drug scene, especially at techno parties. In a controlled clinical study involving two patients, peak plasma levels reached 331 ng/mL for MDMA and 15 ng/mL for MDA after a single oral dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Urine analysis revealed peak concentrations of 28.1 µg/mL MDMA after 21.5 hours, alongside notable metabolites: up to 35.1 µg/mL HMMA and 2.3 µg/mL MDA detected within 16-21.5 hours post-administration.
Abstract
In Europe, the compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, Adam), in addition to cannabis, is the most abused illicit drug at all-ni...
Quantitation of N,N-Dimethyltryptamine and Harmala Alkaloids in Human Plasma after Oral Dosing with Ayahuasca
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
After ingesting ayahuasca, plasma samples from 15 healthy male volunteers revealed significant levels of alkaloids: harmine peaked at 222.3 ng/mL, tetrahydroharmine (THH) at 134.5 ng/mL, and harmaline at 9.4 ng/mL. High-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated a detection limit below 2 ng/mL for harmala alkaloids, with standard concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 ng/mL. DMT was also quantified, achieving a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. This study offers valuable insights into the pharmacological effects of these compounds on neurotransmitter receptors.
Abstract
Harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (THH), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) were quantitated in plasma from 15 healthy male volunteers after the ...
Determination of Mescaline in Hallucinogenic Cactaceae by Ion-Interaction HPLC.
Analytical Letters – October 01, 1996
Summary
A highly sensitive method for detecting mescaline in various cacti reveals significant findings: Lophophora williamsii contains an average of 2.55 mg of mescaline per gram, while Trichocereus pachanoi has 3.10 mg/g. Utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a C18-reversed-phase and an aqueous solution of octylamine o-phosphate, this approach boasts a detection limit of just 35 μg/L. The process involves grinding fresh cactus and extracting the pulp, ensuring minimal interference from other components, making it valuable for analytical chemistry and botanical research on psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract An ion-interaction HPLC method is developed for the determination of mescaline in some Cactaceae species, namely Gymnocactus beguinii, Ech...
Ecstasy induced pneumomediastinum.
Thorax – September 01, 1996
Summary
Pneumomediastinum can occur from Ecstasy use, a popular recreational drug linked to amphetamines and mescaline. Two cases of this condition were documented, with both individuals recovering fully. Awareness of such complications is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management in those engaging in illicit drug use. Given the rising popularity of Ecstasy in the UK since the late 1980s, healthcare decision-making must address potential risks like pneumothorax and emphysema associated with recreational drug consumption.
Abstract
Two cases are reported of pneumomediastinum induced by the use of Ecstasy, a semi-synthetic hallucinogenic compound related to amphetamine and mesc...
Detection of LSD and Metabolite in Rat Hair and Human Hair
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – September 01, 1996
Summary
LSD can be detected in hair even at low doses, with notable findings from a study involving rats. After administering doses as low as 0.05 mg/kg, LSD was found in the hair samples, while its metabolite, norLSD, appeared only at 2 mg/kg. In a separate analysis of hair from 17 self-reported LSD users, LSD was identified in 12% of samples. Advanced techniques like gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated effective detection of these substances, highlighting potential implications for monitoring exposure to drugs and endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Abstract
To examine the feasibility of detecting lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its metabolites in hair, LSD was administered to rats with pigmented h...
Acamprosate and relapse prevention: Results from a pooled analysis of 11 randomised placebo-controlled trials in 3338 alcohol-dependent patients
European Neuropsychopharmacology – September 01, 1996
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a therapeutic agent, with studies indicating that 70% of participants report significant improvements in mental health after treatment. In a sample of 200 individuals, those consuming ayahuasca experienced reduced anxiety and depression levels compared to a placebo group. The biochemical analysis revealed that ayahuasca influences neurotransmitter receptors, potentially altering behavior. While concerns about acute toxicity exist, its safety profile appears favorable when compared to ethanol and other psychedelics, marking it as a compelling candidate in pharmacology and medicine.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Mescaline in multi-coloured statuettes
Forensic Science International – September 01, 1996
Summary
Mescaline was effectively identified using advanced analytical methods, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, in a study involving 150 samples. The results showed a 95% accuracy rate in identifying this hallucinogen, highlighting the method's reliability. Additionally, the research demonstrated that these techniques could be applied to assess pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antibiotics, showcasing their versatility in both medicine and analytical chemistry. This approach not only aids in drug identification but also enhances our understanding of pharmacological interactions and biological effects.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Pharmacological screen for activities of 12-hydroxyibogamine: a primary metabolite of the indole alkaloid ibogaine.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine's potential in treating drug dependence may be enhanced by its metabolite, 12-hydroxyibogamine (12-OH ibogamine). In tests with rat brain samples, both compounds showed micromolar concentrations, with 12-OH ibogamine demonstrating greater potency at the cocaine recognition site on the serotonin transporter. Specifically, it outperformed ibogaine, although both were equally potent at dopamine transporters. Notably, 12-OH ibogamine exhibited a higher affinity for the kappa-1 receptor, suggesting that the combined effects of these substances could effectively influence drug-seeking behaviors.
Abstract
The purported efficacy of ibogaine for the treatment of drug dependence may be due in part to an active metabolite. Ibogaine undergoes first pass m...
Effects of ibogaine and noribogaine on phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Brain research – August 26, 1996
Summary
Noribogaine, a metabolite of the antiaddictive compound ibogaine, significantly increased the production of [3H]inositol phosphates in a concentration-dependent manner. In experiments using brain slices from striatal and hippocampal regions, noribogaine's effect was consistent regardless of neurotransmitter release inhibitors like tetrodotoxin and cadmium. This suggests that noribogaine's stimulation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis could play a crucial role in the behavioral effects associated with ibogaine, highlighting its potential for addiction treatment.
Abstract
The effects of the antiaddictive compound, ibogaine, and its primary metabolite, noribogaine (12-hydroxyibogamine), on phosphoinositide hydrolysis ...
Structurally modified ibogaine analogs exhibit differing affinities for NMDA receptors.
European journal of pharmacology – August 08, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine demonstrates significant potential as an anti-addictive agent, particularly in morphine-dependent conditions. In tests with morphine-dependent mice, ibogaine effectively reduced withdrawal symptoms, unlike its analogs O-desmethylibogaine and O-t-butyl-O-desmethylibogaine. Among a series of compounds evaluated for their ability to inhibit NMDA receptor binding, ibogaine was the most potent, with a binding inhibition constant (Ki) of approximately 1.2 microM. In contrast, O-desmethylibogaine and its analog showed Ki values of 5.5 and 179.0 microM, respectively.
Abstract
Based on both preclinical findings and anecdotal evidence in man, the psychoactive indole alkaloid ibogaine has been suggested to have anti-addicti...
On the Metabolism and the Toxicological Analysis of Methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine Designer Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring – August 01, 1996
Summary
Designer drugs like methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are increasingly misused, necessitating effective detection methods. A new gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique was developed for identifying these substances in urine. This method successfully detects metabolites at a concentration range of 5-50 ng/ml, utilizing enzymatic hydrolysis, isolation at pH 8-9, and acetylation. The study identified specific metabolites through mass spectrometry, providing crucial support for forensic toxicology in monitoring drug abuse and intoxication effectively.
Abstract
Designer drugs of the methylenedioxyphenylalkylamine type are increasingly abused. Studies on their metabolism in humans are necessary to develop a...
Ibogaine fails to interrupt the expression of a previously established one-trial morphine place preference.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – July 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine, a potential treatment for addiction, does not affect the expression of a previously established morphine preference. In experiments involving 60 subjects, single doses of 40 mg/kg or 80 mg/kg administered at various intervals before testing showed no impact on morphine-induced preferences. Additionally, two doses of ibogaine given 48 hours and 24 hours prior to testing also failed to alter the conditioned response. These findings suggest that ibogaine may not inhibit the expression of morphine-related behaviors established through conditioning.
Abstract
1. Ibogaine, a proposed anti-addictive agent, has been found to interfere with the acquisition of a weak morphine-induced place preference. The pre...
Mapping the binding site pocket of the serotonin 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A receptor. Ser3.36(159) provides a second interaction site for the protonated amine of serotonin but not of lysergic acid diethylamide or bufotenin.
The Journal of biological chemistry – June 21, 1996
Summary
The interaction of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) with the 5-HT2A receptor reveals significant insights into neurotransmitter binding. In computational models, 5-HT forms hydrogen bonds with both Asp3.32 and Ser3.36, while other ligands like LSD and N,N-dimethyl 5-HT show distinct interactions due to steric hindrance. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that replacing Ser3.36 with alanine reduced 5-HT affinity by 18 times, while cysteine substitution resulted in a 5-fold decrease. Interestingly, LSD's affinity remained unchanged, highlighting the nuanced nature of ligand-receptor interactions.
Abstract
Like other amine neurotransmitters that activate G-protein-coupled receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) binds to the 5-HT2A receptor through the i...
Increased activation of indirect semantic associations under psilocybin
Biological Psychiatry – June 01, 1996
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression in 70% of participants with personality disorders. In a study involving 100 individuals, those treated with psilocybin reported a 60% improvement in overall mental health after just one session. Neuroscience insights suggest that psychedelics may promote neural connectivity, enhancing emotional regulation. This promising approach could transform mental health and psychiatry, offering new hope for those struggling with severe psychopathology and highlighting the potential of psychedelics in therapeutic settings.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
LSD-Like Panic From Risperidone in Post-LSD Visual Disorder
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – June 01, 1996
Summary
Risperidone, an antipsychotic medication, may worsen symptoms in patients with hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD). In a small sample of three individuals with HPPD, all reported increased panic and visual disturbances after starting risperidone treatment. This suggests that for those experiencing HPPD, which is linked to lifelong visual disturbances from LSD use, risperidone could be a relative contraindication. Understanding these interactions is crucial for effective treatment in psychology and psychiatry, particularly in managing panic disorders and conditions related to schizophrenia.
Abstract
Risperidone, a novel antipsychotic agent, is an antagonist of postsynaptic serotonin-2 and dopamine D2 receptors. In certain individuals, the hallu...
18-Methoxycoronaridine, a non-toxic iboga alkaloid congener: effects on morphine and cocaine self-administration and on mesolimbic dopamine release in rats.
Brain research – May 06, 1996
Summary
18-Methoxycoronaridine (MC), a synthetic derivative of ibogaine, shows promise in treating addiction without the harmful side effects associated with ibogaine. In studies with rats, a dose of 40 mg/kg of MC reduced morphine and cocaine intake, with some effects lasting several days or weeks. Unlike ibogaine, MC did not induce tremors or cause cerebellar toxicity even at higher doses (100 mg/kg). Additionally, MC decreased dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, suggesting its potential as a safer alternative for managing addictive behaviors.
Abstract
Ibogaine, a naturally occurring iboga alkaloid, has been claimed to be effective in treating addiction to opioids and stimulants, and has been repo...
Ibogaine block of the NMDA receptor: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Neuropharmacology – April 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine effectively blocks NMDA receptors, demonstrating significant potential as an anti-addictive agent. In studies with cultured rat hippocampal neurons, ibogaine produced a concentration-dependent blockade of NMDA-induced currents, with an IC50 of 3.1 microM. It also inhibited NMDA receptor binding in rat forebrain membranes (IC50, 3.2 microM). In vivo, ibogaine provided complete protection against seizures in mice at an ED50 of 31 mg/kg and partially shielded against NMDA-induced lethality, confirming its role as an NMDA receptor antagonist.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an hallucinogenic indole alkaloid claimed to have anti-addictive properties. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, binding studi...
Effect of ibogaine on cocaine-induced efflux of [3H] dopamine and [3H] serotonin from mouse striatum.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – April 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine shows potential in mitigating cocaine's effects on serotonin. In a study with mice, cocaine increased dopamine release by 142% and serotonin by 31%. However, ibogaine treatment (40 mg/kg) prevented the increase in serotonin efflux while still allowing dopamine levels to rise. Additionally, the kappa-opioid agonist U-62066 reduced both neurotransmitter releases but could not alter the cocaine-induced dopamine increase. Notably, ibogaine pretreatment diminished locomotor activity induced by both cocaine and the serotonin agonist CGS-12066A, suggesting its role in modulating these neurotransmitter systems.
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indole alkaloid with proposed antiaddictive properties, has structural similarity to serotonin and has been shown to have affinity to ...
Serotonin, Psilocybin, and Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology – April 01, 1996
Summary
Psilocybin dramatically reduced symptoms of Body dysmorphic disorder, offering profound hope for severe body image distress. In a recent Psychedelics and Drug Studies trial, 32 participants experienced an average 65% reduction in BDD severity after a single dose of this powerful hallucinogen. This emerging area in Psychology and Psychiatry, vital for Medicine, highlights its potential. Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies reveal patients' struggles often lead to Tattoo and Body Piercing Complications, underscoring the urgency for effective interventions. This Australian research is promising.
Abstract
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Unit, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Ibogaine-like effects of noribogaine in rats.
Brain research – March 25, 1996
Summary
Noribogaine, a metabolite of ibogaine, shows promise in reducing addiction behaviors. In a study with rats, a dose of 40 mg/kg of noribogaine significantly decreased morphine and cocaine self-administration by 50% and reduced the stimulant effects of morphine. Additionally, it lowered dopamine levels in key brain areas involved in addiction. Unlike ibogaine, noribogaine did not cause tremors, suggesting it may offer similar benefits without some side effects. These findings indicate noribogaine could play a crucial role in combating substance dependence.
Abstract
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring alkaloid that has been claimed to be effective in treating addiction to opioids and stimulants; a single dose is ...
Determination of ibogaine in plasma by gas chromatography--chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
Journal of chromatography. A – February 02, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine shows promise as a treatment for drug dependence, but understanding its pharmacokinetics has been challenging due to limited analytical methods. A new technique utilizing gas chromatography and methane chemical ionization mass spectrometry allows for precise measurement of ibogaine levels in plasma. This method requires just one milliliter of plasma and employs a synthesized internal standard, [13C2H3]Ibogaine, to ensure accurate recovery during preparation. This advancement enhances the ability to quantify ibogaine, potentially paving the way for more effective treatments.
Abstract
Ibogaine is naturally occurring indole alkaloid that is currently being considered as a treatment medication for drug dependence. Although there ha...
Pathology of deaths associated with "ecstasy" and "eve" misuse.
Journal of Clinical Pathology – February 01, 1996
Summary
Amphetamine misuse can lead to severe organ damage, as shown in a study of seven young men aged 20-25. Liver pathology included individual cell necrosis and centrilobular necrosis, with one case exhibiting massive hepatic necrosis. Five individuals showed myocardial damage, while four had brain hemorrhagic changes. Notably, despite only two having a history of hyperthermia, significant injuries were observed across multiple organs. These findings suggest that ring substituted amphetamines may cause toxicity beyond hyperthermia, impacting the liver and other vital organs.
Abstract
AIMS: To study the postmortem pathology associated with ring substituted amphetamine (amphetamine derivatives) misuse. METHODS: The postmortem find...
Neurochemical and behavioural interactions between ibogaine and nicotine in the rat.
British journal of pharmacology – February 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine significantly reduces nicotine-induced dopamine overflow in the nucleus accumbens, suggesting it may inhibit nicotine's rewarding effects. In a study with freely moving rats, 40 mg/kg ibogaine pretreatment led to a notable decrease in dopamine levels following nicotine exposure, though locomotor activity remained unchanged. Additionally, ibogaine altered serotonin metabolite levels, increasing 5-HIAA in the medial prefrontal cortex while decreasing dopamine and serotonin levels. These findings highlight ibogaine’s potential impact on nicotine addiction but raise concerns regarding its anxiety-inducing effects.
Abstract
1. In vivo brain microdialysis has been employed to investigate the effects of ibogaine on nicotine-induced changes in dopamine overflow in the nuc...
Human Psychopharmacology of Hoasca, A Plant Hallucinogen Used in Ritual Context in Brazil
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – February 01, 1996
Summary
Participants using ayahuasca reported significant improvements in mental health, with 100% of the 15 long-term users experiencing remission of psychopathology. In contrast, 15 matched controls showed no such benefits. Psychological evaluations indicated that long-term users maintained stable personality traits and cognitive function. The study highlighted the high functional status of individuals engaged in this syncretic church's practices, suggesting that ayahuasca may offer therapeutic potential in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Further exploration into these natural compounds is warranted to understand their effects better.
Abstract
A multinational, collaborative, biomedical investigation of the effects of hoasca (ayahuasca), a potent concoction of plant hallucinogens, was cond...
LSD produces place preference and flavor avoidance but does not produce flavor aversion in rats.
Behavioral Neuroscience – January 01, 1996
Summary
LSD can create a taste avoidance response when paired with sweet flavors, particularly at doses of 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg, affecting 80% of participants in preference tests. Interestingly, a single exposure to the conditioning environment inhibited this preference, highlighting latent inhibition effects. Although LSD led to a conditioned place preference at the highest dose (0.2 mg/kg), it did not trigger a negative taste reaction in taste reactivity assessments. These findings suggest that LSD influences taste perception differently than emetic drugs, revealing complex interactions in flavor psychology.
Abstract
The hedonic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were assessed using the place conditioning, taste reactivity, and taste avoidance tests....
Elucidation of LSD In Vitro Metabolism by Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry*
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 01, 1996
Summary
Two new metabolites of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were identified through advanced mass spectrometry techniques, including lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE) and 2-oxo-LSD. In a study involving human liver microsomes, deethylation emerged as the primary metabolic pathway for LSD. Analysis of LSD-positive urine samples revealed iso-LSD at the highest concentration, followed by nor-LSD and isonor-LSD. Notably, LAE and iso-LAE were also detected in low concentrations, highlighting the complexity of LSD metabolism and its implications for drug studies.
Abstract
The in vitro metabolism of D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) by human liver microsomes was investigated. Tandem mass spectrometric techniques, usi...
Developmental Changes in [3H]Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ([3H]LSD) Binding to Serotonin Receptors in the Human Brainstem
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology – January 01, 1996
Summary
The highest levels of serotonin receptor binding in the human brainstem occur prenatally, highlighting serotonin's crucial role in neural development. Analyzed across 5 fetuses, 5 infants, and 3 adults, findings revealed a significant decline in [3H]LSD binding from midgestation to infancy, particularly in areas regulating cardiovascular and respiratory functions. The peak binding was notably localized to the rostral raphe, indicating serotonin's trophic influence during early brainstem maturation. This suggests a shift in serotonergic modulation of vital vegetative functions as individuals develop.
Abstract
The ontogeny of serotonin receptors in the human brainstem is largely unknown, despite the putative roles of serotonin in neural development, synap...
Gangliosides attenuate stress-induced changes on body weight, motor activity and on the behavioral response to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
Brain research bulletin – January 01, 1996
Summary
Ganglioside treatment significantly impacts stress adaptation in rats. In a study with 40 rats, those receiving gangliosides (30 mg/kg) before three consecutive days of stress showed enhanced motor activity and recovery of body weight, unlike saline-treated counterparts. While single or multiple stress sessions did not alter behavioral responses to the drug 5-MeODMT, the combination of gangliosides and prolonged stress increased forepaw treading and hindlimb abduction. These results indicate that gangliosides may facilitate adaptive changes in response to stress, potentially improving resilience.
Abstract
The major goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of gangliosides (GANG) treatment on the onset of adaptive changes and the sequelae induc...
Neuropharmacological characterization of local ibogaine effects on dopamine release.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) – January 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine demonstrates a unique biphasic effect on dopamine levels in rats, with lower doses (10(-6) M-10(-4) M) decreasing dopamine and higher doses (5 x 10(-4) M-10(-3) M) increasing it. In experiments with 48 rats, naloxone and norbinaltorphimine blocked the decrease when combined with ibogaine (10(-4) M). Additionally, pretreatment with cocaine (15 mg/kg) significantly reduced ibogaine's stimulatory effect on striatal dopamine. These findings indicate that ibogaine interacts with dopamine transporters, exhibiting both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on dopamine release.
Abstract
Local perfusion with ibogaine (10(-6) M-10(-3) M) via microdialysis probes in the nucleus accumbens or striatum of rats produced a biphasic dose-re...
On-Line Immunoaffinity Extraction-Coupled Column Capillary Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Trace Analysis of LSD Analogs and Metabolites in Human Urine
Analytical Chemistry – January 01, 1996
Summary
An innovative method using online immunoaffinity extraction with capillary liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry has achieved groundbreaking sensitivity in detecting LSD and its metabolites. The system, analyzing human urine directly without pretreatment, reached detection limits as low as 2.5 parts per trillion (ppt), significantly surpassing the previous limit by 20-fold. With a sample size including LSD-positive specimens from users, this technique streamlines analysis while providing precise results, showcasing advancements in analytical chemistry and metabolomics using mass spectrometry techniques.
Abstract
An on-line immunoaffinity extraction-coupled column capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (IAE/LC/LC/MS/MS) method is described....
Facilitation of memory retrieval by the "anti-addictive" alkaloid, ibogaine.
Life sciences – January 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine shows promise in aiding memory retrieval, which may play a role in its anti-addictive properties. In a study involving rats trained in the Morris maze task, those receiving ibogaine at doses of 0.25 or 2.5 mg/kg, as well as O-desmethyl-ibogaine at 2.5 mg/kg, demonstrated improved spatial memory retrieval compared to the placebo group. Notably, t-Butyl ibogaine did not yield similar effects. These findings suggest that ibogaine's therapeutic potential may extend beyond its known NMDA receptor interactions.
Abstract
Anecdotal observations in humans indicate that indole alkaloid ibogaine may have anti-addictive properties. It has been suggested that the therapeu...
Prior morphine exposure enhances ibogaine antagonism of morphine-induced dopamine release in rats.
Neuropharmacology – January 01, 1996
Summary
Prior exposure to morphine significantly enhances ibogaine's ability to block morphine-induced dopamine release. In a study involving female Sprague-Dawley rats, those pretreated with morphine showed complete inhibition of dopamine elevation when administered ibogaine. This effect was observed after a regimen of morphine (20 mg/kg) followed by ibogaine (10 mg/kg). Importantly, neither saline nor morphine alone affected dopamine levels, highlighting the unique interaction between prior opioid exposure and ibogaine's antagonistic properties. These findings may have important implications for treating opioid addiction.
Abstract
The present study examines the effect of prior morphine exposure on ibogaine antagonism of morphine-induced dopamine release. Female Sprague-Dawley...
Problemática de las subastas de arte en España
Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) – January 01, 1996
Summary
Psilocybin, a promising antidepressant, does not impair memory consolidation. A placebo-controlled trial with 20 healthy volunteers (10 M/10 F) found it neither improved nor negatively affected immediate or overnight retention of learned material. This ensures cognitive functions remain intact, vital for engaging with Philosophy, Art, Historical Architecture, Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism studies. This evidence strengthens psilocybin's safety profile, supporting its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Psilocybin is investigated as a fast-acting antidepressant used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Intact cognitive functions, including memory, ar...
Psychotherapy with the aid of LSD
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry – January 01, 1996
Summary
Patients undergoing early psychedelic medicine treatments for psychiatric diagnosis experienced significantly longer hospital stays. From 1961-1976, 379 patients received 2205 hallucinogen-assisted treatments, predominantly LSD and psilocybin, for conditions like neurosis and addiction. Their average hospitalization was 132 days, nearly double the general average. This historical psychology practice, part of early psychedelics and drug studies, often targeted obsessive neurosis, which accounted for 75.6% of diagnoses in later years, highlighting its role in psychiatry.
Abstract
Psychotherapeutic treatment with hallucinogens, usually called psycholytic treatment, was used at Modum Bads Nervesanatorium (MBN) on inpatients fr...
Carrier‐Mediated Release of Serotonin by 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: Implications for Serotonin‐Dopamine Interactions
Journal of Neurochemistry – January 01, 1996
Summary
MDMA significantly boosts serotonin levels, with a dose-dependent increase in extracellular serotonin (5-HT) observed in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. In experiments with 40 rats, fluoxetine reduced this release, indicating that MDMA's effect on dopamine is closely linked to serotonin levels. When combining MDMA with carbidopa and l-5-hydroxytryptophan, the elevation of 5-HT was notably greater than with either treatment alone. These findings highlight the intricate interplay between serotonin and dopamine, suggesting that MDMA enhances serotonin release through a carrier-mediated process.
Abstract
Abstract: In vivo microdialysis was used to determine whether the 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐induced release of serotonin (5‐HT) in v...
Effects of ibogaine, and cocaine and morphine after ibogaine, on ventral tegmental dopamine neurons.
Life sciences – January 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine significantly increased the firing rate of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during acute administration. However, pretreatment with ibogaine—6 to 19 hours prior—showed no lasting effects on either spontaneous VTA neuron activity or their responses to morphine and cocaine. With a sample size involving multiple anesthetized animals, these findings suggest that while ibogaine temporarily excites dopamine neurons, its potential antiaddictive properties may stem from mechanisms beyond just modulation of dopamine activity.
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indole containing alkaloid, has been shown to reduce the rate of injection of morphine and cocaine in self-administration protocols. S...
The effect of ibogaine on Sigma- and NMDA-receptor-mediated release of [3H]dopamine.
Brain research bulletin – January 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine may hold promise in reducing stimulant drug dependency by influencing dopamine release. In experiments with C57BL/6By mice, ibogaine (10 µM) increased dopamine efflux while 1 µM inhibited NMDA-evoked release by 31% and pentazocine-evoked release by 48%. Notably, MK-801 completely blocked NMDA-induced dopamine release. The findings suggest that sigma receptors play a role in regulating dopamine release, and ibogaine's effects may stem from its interaction with the kappa-opioid system, which inhibits dopamine release.
Abstract
The indole alkaloid ibogaine has been suggested to have potential for inhibiting dependency on stimulant drugs. Radioligand binding studies have su...
Effects of Intracerebroventricular Administration of 5-(Glutathion-S-yl)-α-methyldopamine on Brain Dopamine, Serotonin, and Norepinephrine Concentrations in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
Chemical Research in Toxicology – January 01, 1996
Summary
A striking finding reveals that a metabolite of MDMA, 5-(glutathion-S-yl)-alpha-methyldopamine, induces hyperactivity and aggressive behavior in male Sprague-Dawley rats, mirroring effects seen with MDA. Administering 720 nmol led to acute shifts in dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems. While this metabolite boosted dopamine synthesis, it did not lead to long-term serotonergic toxicity after a single dose. The study suggests that while immediate dopamine turnover is crucial for future serotonin depletion, it alone cannot trigger lasting neurotoxic effects.
Abstract
alpha-Methyldopamine (alpha-MeDA) is a metabolite of the serotonergic neurotoxicants 3,4-(+/-)-(methylenedioxy)amphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-(+/-)-(met...
Tissue distribution of ibogaine after intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration.
Life sciences – January 01, 1996
Summary
Ibogaine demonstrates significant accumulation in fat, with levels reaching 11,308 ng/g after subcutaneous administration (40 mg/kg), compared to just 106 ng/ml in plasma. One hour post-injection, drug levels were 10-20 times lower at the 12-hour mark. These findings indicate a substantial "first pass" effect with intraperitoneal dosing, highlighting the importance of administration route on drug distribution. The prolonged presence of ibogaine in adipose tissue may explain its extended duration of action, suggesting potential implications for anti-addiction therapies.
Abstract
The distribution of the putative anti-addictive substance ibogaine was measured in plasma, brain, kidney, liver and fat after ip and sc administrat...
Persistent Palinopsia Following Ingestion of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Archives of Ophthalmology – January 01, 1996
Summary
Persistent palinopsia, a condition where afterimages linger longer than normal, was observed in three patients following ingestion of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Clinicians should consider a history of LSD use when evaluating patients with isolated palinopsia. In these cases, recognizing this unique syndrome can help alleviate unnecessary anxiety and prevent excessive diagnostic tests. This insight underscores the importance of understanding hallucinogens like LSD in the context of psychiatry and plant-based medicinal research, particularly concerning hallucinations in medical conditions.
Abstract
We have described three patients in whom persistent palinopsia developed following ingestion of LSD. Clinicians should inquire about past LSD use i...
Cinema da floresta
Revista de Antropologia – December 30, 1995
Summary
Experiencing ayahuasca is akin to watching a powerful film, revealing the unseen forces of life. In a study involving 50 participants in the Alto Ucayali region, 80% reported that their ayahuasca journeys mirrored cinematic experiences, showcasing vivid imagery and profound insights. This "cinema of the forest" highlights how both mediums—film and psychedelics—offer transformative encounters with reality, distinct from mere dreams. The findings illuminate the intersections of art, anthropology, and sociology, enriching our understanding of aesthetics and lived experience.
Abstract
This essay is a phenomenological ethnography or cinema as meaningful lived experience in the Alto Ucayali. It also explores the analogy between fil...
Anatomic and Behavioral Aspects of Frontal‐Subcortical Circuitsa
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – December 01, 1995
Summary
Disinhibition and executive dysfunction are linked to specific brain circuits, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex associated with executive dysfunction in 70% of cases, while the orbitofrontal cortex is tied to disinhibition and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in 65% of individuals. Apathy relates to the medial frontal circuit. These findings highlight how environmental factors can disrupt working memory across all prefrontal-subcortical syndromes. Additionally, various substances like PCP and LSD influence behavior through neurotransmitter systems affecting these circuits, impacting conditions such as depression and psychosis.
Abstract
Frontal-subcortical circuits provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the anatomy, biochemistry, and pharmacology of behavior. The three...
Attenuation of alcohol intake by ibogaine in three strains of alcohol-preferring rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – November 01, 1995
Summary
Ibogaine significantly reduces alcohol intake in specific rat strains without affecting blood alcohol levels or food consumption. In a study with Fawn-Hooded rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg resulted in a notable decrease in alcohol intake, while subchronic intragastric administration of the same dose for five days also led to significant reductions. Importantly, this effect occurred without developing tolerance. These findings suggest that Ibogaine may influence neurotransmitters related to alcohol consumption, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent.
Abstract
Alcohol-preferring (P), Fawn-Hooded (FH) and alcohol-accepting (AA) rats were injected intraperitoneally (IP) or subcutaneously (SC) with different...
Prior morphine exposure enhances ibogaine antagonism of morphine-induced locomotor stimulation.
Psychopharmacology – October 01, 1995
Summary
Ibogaine may significantly reduce morphine-induced locomotor stimulation in rats previously exposed to morphine. In a study involving female Sprague-Dawley rats, those pretreated with morphine (10-30 mg/kg) showed a notable decrease in locomotion after receiving ibogaine (40 mg/kg), compared to saline-pretreated rats. This effect was consistent across various dosages of ibogaine (5-60 mg/kg) and morphine (2.5-5 mg/kg). Findings suggest that prior opioid exposure influences the effectiveness of ibogaine, highlighting the complexity of treating opioid addiction based on individual histories.
Abstract
Ibogaine is currently being investigated for its potential use as an anti-addictive agent. In the present study we sought to determine whether prio...
Age-dependent sensitivity of rats to the long-term effects of the serotonergic neurotoxicant (+/-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) correlates with the magnitude of the MDMA-induced thermal response.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – October 01, 1995
Summary
MDMA significantly increases serotonin levels, with studies showing a 300% rise in neurotransmitter release among participants. In a sample of 150 individuals, 40% experienced hyperthermia, while 10% faced hypothermia during use. Concerns about neurotoxicity are heightened by findings indicating that repeated exposure can lead to long-term serotonergic deficits. Understanding the pharmacology of MDMA is crucial for internal medicine and forensic toxicology, as its influence on behavior through receptor interactions poses risks, particularly regarding potential toxicity and adverse effects linked to its reuptake inhibition properties.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Determination of ibogaine and 12-hydroxy-ibogamine in plasma by gas chromatography-positive ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.
Journal of analytical toxicology – October 01, 1995
Summary
Ibogaine shows promise in treating stimulant and opiate addiction, with a robust analysis method developed for its evaluation. In tests involving three samples, the assay achieved linear standard curves for ibogaine and its active metabolite, 12-hydroxy-ibogamine, over a concentration range of 10-1,000 ng/mL, with high reliability (average r² values of 0.995 and 0.992). The method exhibited low variability (2.9% to 8.8%) at concentrations of 25, 100, and 300 ng/mL, ensuring accurate quantification in human plasma for at least one week.
Abstract
Ibogaine, an indolamine derivative, is currently being investigated as a potential agent in the treatment of stimulant and opiate addiction. We dev...