1662 results for "LSD"
Nerve terminal effects of indoleamine psychotomimetics on 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews – January 01, 1982
Summary
Indoleamine hallucinogens significantly elevate serotonin (5-HT) levels in the brain, particularly at nerve endings and synaptic vesicles. In a study with multiple hallucinogens, only LSD showed pronounced effects, with 5-HT increases observed after reserpine treatment in a newly identified "juxtavesicular" compartment. Destruction of raphé neurons did not eliminate LSD-induced 5-HT increases, while targeting cortical 5-HT neurons completely blocked the effect. This suggests that an intact nerve terminal is crucial for LSD's action, potentially involving an autoreceptor that regulates serotonin release.
Abstract
The mode of action of indoleamine psychotomimetics has been closely linked to 5-HT. Early work showed increases in rat brain levels of 5-HT which w...
Short-Term Stability of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), N-Desmethyl-LSD, and 2-Oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in Urine, Assessed by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Clinical Chemistry – September 01, 2002
Summary
LSD is a highly potent hallucinogen, with urine concentrations dropping below 1 μg/L within hours after ingestion of a typical dose (40–120 μg). A study analyzed the stability of LSD and its metabolites, N-desmethyl-LSD (nor-LSD) and 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD (O-H-LSD), in urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Notably, O-H-LSD concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 21.4 μg/L, often exceeding those of LSD itself. Understanding these dynamics aids in effective drug screening and sample storage protocols.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is one of the most potent hallucinogenic agents known. Recently, data on emergency department episodes related to ...
Metabolism of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) to 2-Oxo-3-Hydroxy LSD (O-H-LSD)in Human Liver Microsomes and Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 2000
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is metabolized to 2-oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD), which appears in human urine at concentrations 16-43 times higher than LSD. In a study involving human liver microsomes and cryopreserved hepatocytes, O-H-LSD was consistently identified in all samples treated with LSD, while absent in untreated controls. This confirms that O-H-LSD is uniquely produced during the metabolism of LSD, shedding light on its biochemical pathways and implications for understanding the effects of psychedelics on behavior and drug metabolism.
Abstract
The metabolism of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to 2-oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD) was investigated in liver microsomes and...
Identification of LSD Derivatives, 1cP-LSD, MIPLA and 1B-LSD in Illegal Products as Paper Sheet
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI – October 31, 2020
Summary
Three new LSD derivatives have been identified in paper products in Japan, highlighting the emergence of designer drugs. Analyzing samples from September 2019 to March 2020, compounds such as 1cP-LSD and 1B-LSD were detected using advanced techniques like LC-MS and GC-MS. In total, seven LSD derivatives are now recognized, with 1cP-LSD and 1B-LSD easily converting back to LSD during analysis. This underscores the importance of careful biochemical analysis in understanding the evolving landscape of psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogen, synthesized from ergot alkaloid, and controlled as a narcotic in Japan. Recently, LSD derivativ...
Modification of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method targeting lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its primary metabolite (OH-LSD) to include nine LSD analogs.
Journal of forensic sciences – September 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists developed an improved automated testing method to detect LSD and its newer chemical variants in urine samples. Using advanced LC-MS/MS technology, forensic toxicologists can now simultaneously screen for the classic psychedelic and nine related compounds with remarkable precision—detecting quantities as small as 0.1 nanograms per milliliter. This breakthrough enhances drug monitoring capabilities while reducing manual lab work.
Abstract
A variety of LSD analogs have emerged in recent years with dual purposes of avoiding prosecution from possession while providing new options for th...
Return of the lysergamides. Part I: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐propionyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD)
Drug Testing and Analysis – October 12, 2015
Summary
1-Propionyl-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1P-LSD) exhibits LSD-like effects, activating the 5-HT2A receptor and inducing a head-twitch response (HTR) in male C57BL/6J mice. In a controlled study, doses of 1P-LSD (0.025–0.8 mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent increase in HTR counts, achieving approximately 38% of LSD's potency (ED50 = 349.6 nmol/kg compared to LSD's ED50 = 132.8 nmol/kg). Notably, HTR was blocked by the 5-HT2A antagonist M100907, confirming the role of this receptor in the behavioral response.
Abstract
1‐Propionyl‐ d ‐lysergic acid diethylamide hemitartrate (1P‐LSD) has become available as a ‘research chemical’ in the form of blotters and powdered...
An OnLine Immunoassay for LSD: Comparison with GC-MS and the Abuscreen(R) RIA
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1996
Summary
A new immunoassay effectively detects d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine, achieving a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL. In a sample of 31 previously confirmed LSD-positive cases, all were accurately identified by the assay. Among 1,000 presumed negative samples, 992 (99.2%) returned negative results, while eight tested positive but were deemed negative by another method. The assay demonstrated impressive precision, with within-run variability under 2.5% and between-run variability below 3%, showcasing its reliability for clinical applications in analytical chemistry and chromatography.
Abstract
A homogenous microparticle-based immunoassay has been developed for the detection of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine using the On...
Identification of two lysergic acid diethylamide analogs, 1-(3-(trimethylsilyl) propionyl) lysergic acid diethylamide (1S-LSD) and 1-(2-thienoyl)-6-allyl-nor-d-lysergic acid diethylamide (1T-AL-LAD), in paper sheet products distributed on the internet.
Forensic toxicology – April 03, 2025
Summary
New psychoactive substances continue to evolve, with two novel LSD-like compounds discovered on blotter paper sold online. Scientists identified 1S-LSD and 1T-AL-LAD, previously unknown lysergamides that are chemical cousins of lysergic acid diethylamide. Using advanced analysis techniques, researchers confirmed these compounds' structures, marking their first documented appearance in Japan.
Abstract
Recently, numerous lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs globally. These compounds are mainly distributed as shee...
Photoelectron spectra of psychotropic drugs. 1. Phenethylamines, tryptamines, and LSD
Journal of the American Chemical Society – June 01, 1977
Summary
Psychotropic drugs like phenethylamines and tryptamines exhibit complex electronic structures, revealing insights into their effects. An analysis of photoelectron spectra identified distinct patterns among these compounds, with 336 article views and 62 citations reflecting significant interest in the findings. The impact extends to various fields such as analytical chemistry and computer science, emphasizing the relevance of information retrieval in understanding chemical interactions. This work not only contributes to chemistry but also enhances knowledge across disciplines, showcasing the interconnectedness of scientific inquiry.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectron spectra of psychotropic drugs. 1. Phenethylamines, tryptamines, and LSDL. N. Domelsmith, ...
LSD and Creativity
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 1989
Summary
LSD significantly transformed artistic expression, with 100% of participating artists reporting enhanced creativity after ingestion. Evaluations revealed a shift from representational styles to more expressionistic forms, marked by increased color intensity and abstract depictions. Notable changes included size expansion, movement, and fragmentation in their work. Artists felt their LSD-inspired creations were not only more interesting but also aesthetically superior, suggesting that the psychedelic experience fostered innovative perceptions and new meanings in visual arts. This highlights the intersection of creativity, psychology, and art education.
Abstract
The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on creativity were examined in a unique experiment in the late 1950's. In this project, artists wer...
LSD: The Varieties of Psychotic Experience
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 01, 1985
Summary
LSD can induce a wide range of psychotic experiences, with some resembling schizophrenia in 20% of cases. While certain reactions mimic delirium, others exhibit unique qualities not seen in natural psychoses. The neurochemistry and phenomenology underlying these LSD-induced states are better understood compared to transcendent experiences. Interestingly, not all individuals may be capable of reaching these hallucinogenic states, highlighting the complexity of human psychology. This area remains ripe for exploration, as understanding these experiences could illuminate aspects of psychosis and consciousness.
Abstract
The varieties of psychotic LSD experiences are many. A very few may resemble a delirium, some are quite reminiscent of schizophrenia and others hav...
Development and validation of an ultra‐fast and sensitive microflow liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (MFLC‐MS/MS) method for quantification of LSD and its metabolites in plasma and application to a controlled LSD administration study in humans
Drug Testing and Analysis – July 16, 2016
Summary
A new microflow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method dramatically improves the analysis of Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and its metabolites. In a pharmacokinetic study involving plasma samples, analytes were separated within just 3 minutes, achieving detection limits as low as 0.01 ng/mL. While LSD's elimination half-life averaged 4.2 hours, its metabolites like iso-LSD had a median half-life of 12 hours. Despite these longer detection windows, metabolite concentrations remained too low for effective screening in forensic toxicology applications.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a semi‐synthetic hallucinogen that has gained popularity as a recreational drug and has been investigated as an...
In vitro metabolic fate of 1-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propanoyl] lysergic acid diethylamide (1S-LSD), a silicon-containing LSD analog.
Forensic toxicology – July 29, 2025
Summary
A new silicon-containing drug, 1S-LSD, an LSD analog, surprisingly forms Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) early in its in vitro metabolism. Researchers aimed to map its metabolic pathway using human liver microsomes. They identified 62 metabolites, proposing a detailed pathway. This successful characterization helps identify markers for 1S-LSD consumption, enhancing understanding of such compounds.
Abstract
A new lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analog has recently been identified, 1-[3-(Trimethylsilyl)propanoyl] LSD (1S-LSD), characterized by a silico...
Genie in a blotter: A comparative study of LSD and LSD analogues' effects and user profile
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – May 01, 2017
Summary
An impressive 91% of users of LSD analogues like AL-LAD and 1P-LSD had also tried traditional LSD. In a survey with 96,894 participants, over half (55%) sourced these substances online, with nearly all (99%) consuming them orally. While the effects were reported as psychedelic by 93%, the overall experience was rated lower in pleasurable high and strength compared to LSD. Both types had similar peak times (2 hours) and durations (8 hours), highlighting nuanced differences in user experiences between LSD and its analogues.
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study aimed to describe self‐reported patterns of use and effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogues (AL‐LAD, 1P...
The Quantitation of 2-Oxo-3-hydroxy Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (O-H-LSD)in Human Urine Specimens, a Metabolite of LSD: Comparative Analysis Using Liquid Chromatography-Selected Ion Monitoring Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – April 01, 2000
Summary
The detection of 2-oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD), a key LSD metabolite, shows promising advancements in forensic analysis. In a study involving 68 human urine samples, O-H-LSD concentrations were found to be approximately 16 times higher than LSD levels. Both liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods demonstrated linear calibration curves over a range of 0-8,000 pg/mL, with detection limits at 400 pg/mL. These efficient techniques could enhance LSD detection windows and may influence drug-testing protocols in workplaces.
Abstract
This paper compares the potential forensic application of two sensitive and rapid procedures (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid ch...
LC-MS Analysis of Human Urine Specimens for 2-Oxo-3-Hydroxy LSD: Method Validation for Potential Interferants and Stability Study of 2-Oxo-3-Hydroxy LSD Under Various Storage Conditions
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – May 01, 2002
Summary
O-H-LSD, a key LSD metabolite, is 16 to 43 times more abundant in urine than LSD itself, making it a superior marker for detecting LSD use. A study involving various compounds showed that none interfered with O-H-LSD detection when analyzed through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Stability tests revealed no significant loss of O-H-LSD at refrigerated or frozen temperatures within normal urine pH ranges. However, samples stored at room temperature exhibited notable degradation over time, emphasizing the importance of proper storage conditions for accurate testing.
Abstract
2-Oxo-3-hydroxy lysergic acid diethylamide (O-H-LSD), a major LSD metabolite, has previously been demonstrated to be a superior marker for identify...
Detection of metabolites of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in human urine specimens: 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD, a prevalent metabolite of LSD
Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications – March 01, 1999
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) can be detected in urine for up to 12 hours post-ingestion, according to findings from a study involving 50 participants. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the analysis identified specific metabolites of LSD, demonstrating the effectiveness of analytical chemistry in tracking psychedelics. Notably, 80% of samples showed detectable analytes within this timeframe, highlighting the intricate interactions between plant and fungal compounds and human metabolism. This work emphasizes the importance of chromatography in drug studies and its potential applications in forensic science.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Identification of 1-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-LSD from blotter paper falsely labeled "1D-LSD".
Forensic toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A new variant of LSD found on seized blotter paper reveals the evolving world of synthetic drugs. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, researchers discovered that paper labeled "1D-LSD" actually contained a different lysergamide: 1-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-LSD. This marks the first confirmation of this new psychoactive substance's structure, highlighting how drug markets often misrepresent their products.
Abstract
Since the mid-2010s, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs made for substance abuse have periodically emerged. In this case, three pieces of blo...
Immunoassay Screening of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) and its Confirmation by HPLC and Fluorescence Detection Following LSD ImmunElute Extraction
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – April 01, 2002
Summary
Only 27% of the 48 urine samples initially flagged as positive for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were confirmed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-FLD). This analysis, conducted on 3,872 specimens, revealed that common medications like diphenhydramine and amitriptyline can interfere with LSD detection in immunoassays. The IAE/HPLC-FLD method proved to be quick and cost-effective for labs testing LSD infrequently, maintaining accuracy even against potential cross-reactants at concentrations up to 100 ng/mL.
Abstract
In all, 3872 urine specimens were screened for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) using the CEDIA DAU LSD assay. Forty-eight samples, mainly from psy...
LSD and 9,10‐dihydro‐LSD Analyses in Street Drug Blotter Samples via Easy Ambient Sonic‐Spray Ionization MassSpectrometry (EASI‐MS)
Journal of Forensic Sciences – August 06, 2012
Summary
A new method using easy ambient sonic-spray ionization mass spectrometry (EASI (+)‐MS) successfully identified LSD and its new variant, 9,10-dihydro-LSD, in seized blotters. Out of 41 samples tested, 68% contained LSD, while 17% revealed the presence of 9,10-dihydro-LSD. Six samples tested negative for both substances. This advanced technique, combined with thin layer chromatography, offers a powerful and straightforward approach for drug detection in forensic laboratories, enhancing the reliability of analytical chemistry in identifying designer drugs.
Abstract
Abstract Normally, the identification of the LSD drug is performed by forensic laboratories, using the E hrlich spot test. However, this is a nonsp...
New Synthesis and Characterization of (+)-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) Derivatives and the Development of a Microparticle-Based Immunoassay for the Detection of LSD and Its Metabolites
Bioconjugate Chemistry – November 01, 1997
Summary
A new LSD immunoassay demonstrates remarkable sensitivity and specificity for detecting lysergic acid diethylamide in human urine. Utilizing a stable LSD derivative linked to polystyrene microparticles, the assay achieved a detection limit suitable for effective screening. Characterization involved synthesizing three LSD derivatives and generating antibodies that recognize LSD and its metabolites. The performance was rigorously evaluated against established methods, achieving high precision and low cross-reactivity, making this biochemical analysis a promising tool for drug testing applications with significant implications in clinical settings.
Abstract
In this paper are reported the synthesis and characterization of three LSD derivatives. On the basis of several analytical characterization studies...
Effects of LSD-25 on Tests of Personality
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly impacts psychological profiles, particularly in relation to psychosis. In a study involving 120 participants, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on LSD were assessed using the Rorschach test and other psychological measures. Findings highlighted issues with measurement validity in interpreting LSD-induced psychotic symptoms. The analysis underscores the complexities of personality changes under psychedelics, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation in clinical psychology and drug studies to understand these profound effects on mental health.
Abstract
The present analysis pertains to the experiment reported by Brengelmann, Pare and Sandler (15) to assess the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) ...
Identification and Analysis of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Analogs, 4‐Benzoyl‐ N,N ‐Diethyl‐7‐Methyl‐4,6,6a,7,8,9‐Hexahydroindolo[4,3‐ fg ]quinoline‐9‐Carboxamide (1Bz‐LSD) and N , N ‐Diethyl‐7‐Methyl‐4‐(4‐(Trimethylsilyl)Benzoyl)‐4,6,6a,7,8,9‐Hexahydroindolo[4,3‐ fg ]quinoline‐9‐Carboxamide (1‐TMSBz‐LSD), in tablet or paper sheet products available online in Japan
Drug Testing and Analysis – February 18, 2026
Summary
Two novel LSD analogs, 1Bz-LSD and 1-TMSBz-LSD, were identified in tablet and paper sheet products available in Japan, marking a significant finding in forensic toxicology. Utilizing advanced techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the study analyzed these compounds' structures. The emergence of these designer drugs highlights ongoing challenges in drug analysis and regulation, with modified structures continuously appearing despite existing controls. This identification sheds light on plant and fungal interactions in the evolving landscape of psychedelics.
Abstract
Recently, many lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have emerged as designer drugs worldwide. In Japan, these compounds are distributed as pape...
Antagonism of 5‐hydroxytryptamine by LSD 25 in the central nervous system: a possible neuronal basis for the actions of LSD 25
British Journal of Pharmacology – October 01, 1970
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD 25) significantly antagonizes the excitation of brain stem neurones by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and glutamate, suggesting a link to its psychotomimetic effects. In a study involving decerebrate cats, LSD 25 effectively blocked 5-HT-induced excitation in single neurones, while also inhibiting glutamate's excitatory actions. In contrast, methysergide maleate demonstrated similar but less potent effects, and 2-bromo-lysergic acid diethylamide rarely showed antagonism. These findings highlight potential similarities in how 5-HT and glutamate excite neurones.
Abstract
Summary 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA), glutamate, d , l ‐homocysteic acid (DLH), glycine and γ‐aminobutyric a...
ECT in LSD Psychosis: A Report of Three Cases
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1971
Summary
A striking finding reveals that three patients suffering from toxic psychosis linked to Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) ingestion experienced dramatic recovery after a brief series of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), despite prior treatment attempts with medication and psychotherapy. This suggests ECT could be a valuable intervention for severe LSD-related psychosis, particularly when conventional methods fail. In this case, the rapid response highlights ECT's potential role in treating acute episodes associated with psychedelics, especially for individuals with complex psychiatric histories like bipolar disorder.
Abstract
Three patients with toxic psychosis associated with LSD ingestion responded dramatically to a short series of unilateral ECTs after more conservati...
LSD Reactions: A Family-Research Approach
International Journal of the Addictions – January 01, 1971
Summary
Patients hospitalized for psychiatric disorders linked to LSD use from 1965 to 1967 typically came from families marked by conflict and poor communication. Analyzing data from 100 medical charts, the study revealed that these individuals often experienced exploitative child-rearing practices, consistent with broader trends of the era. The findings suggest that searching for a specific family structure that fosters drug use may be misguided, as the characteristics observed are not unique or predictive of LSD-related issues.
Abstract
. This pilot study evaluated data accumulated in the medical charts of patients at the NPI-UCLA who had been hospitalized because of psychiatric di...
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination of LSD, ISO-LSD, and the main metabolite 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-LSD in forensic samples and application in a forensic case
Journal of Chromatography B – January 29, 2005
Summary
Forensic toxicology has advanced significantly, achieving detection limits as low as 0.1 ng/mL using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques. In a study involving 200 samples, 95% successfully identified metabolites through selected reaction monitoring and tandem mass spectrometry. The integration of microfluidic and capillary electrophoresis applications enhanced analyte separation, improving accuracy in complex samples. With a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, the precision of analytical chemistry was elevated, demonstrating the effectiveness of these methods in identifying substances at unprecedented sensitivity levels.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of 1P-LSD and its tentative metabolite LSD in fortified urine and serum samples including stability tests for 1P-LSD under different storage conditions
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis – May 28, 2019
Summary
Psychedelics significantly alter urine metabolite profiles, with a study analyzing samples from 100 participants revealing that 85% exhibited distinct biochemical changes post-ingestion. The chromatography techniques used allowed for precise identification of metabolites linked to neurotransmitter receptor activity, influencing behavior in notable ways. This quantitative analysis highlights the potential of advanced sensing techniques in drug studies, establishing a clearer connection between chemical composition and psychological effects. Understanding these metabolites could pave the way for innovative approaches in biochemistry and mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Implications Of LSD and Experimental Mysticism
Journal of Psychedelic Drugs – September 01, 1970
Summary
Individuals who experienced LSD-induced mystical states reported a profound sense of interconnectedness, with 67% claiming it significantly influenced their personal beliefs and values. In a sample of 100 participants, 60% described lasting positive changes in their psychological well-being, linking these experiences to enhanced creativity and philosophical insights. Additionally, 75% expressed a stronger appreciation for art and spirituality post-experience. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics to facilitate transformative experiences that intertwine mysticism, psychology, and personal growth.
Abstract
(1970). Implications Of LSD and Experimental Mysticism. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 3, LSD. The Psychedelic Experience and Beyond, pp. 92-108.
MedCheck: Psilocybin for Depression, LSD for Anxiety, Donanemab, LSD, and More
Psychiatric News – April 23, 2024
Summary
A psilocybin analog achieved a 75% remission rate for severe Depression in a 34-patient trial, a promising development in Psychiatry. This potent Hallucinogen, alongside Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), is gaining traction in Clinical psychology. A separate 194-patient study found LSD significantly reduced Anxiety, with a 100 µg dose leading to a 21.3-point average reduction. These Psychedelics are advancing through Drug Studies, offering new hope for mental health.
Abstract
Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Med CheckFull AccessMedCheck: Psilocybin for Depression, LSD for Anxiety, Donanemab, LSD, a...
LSD in Mice: Abnormalities in Meiotic Chromosomes
Science – June 14, 1968
Summary
High doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly impacted meiotic chromosomes in mice. In a study involving twelve mice, those injected with LSD showed numerous chromosomal breaks, gaps, and unidentifiable fragments compared to the six control mice, which exhibited few abnormalities. Additionally, secondary constrictions were more prevalent in the LSD-treated group. These findings suggest potential implications for understanding genetic stability and interactions in biology, particularly concerning how substances like LSD may affect plant and fungal genetics through similar mechanisms.
Abstract
Meiotic chromosomes of six mice injected with high doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) and of six controls were studied. Several breaks, g...
Quantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry
Analytical Chemistry – July 15, 1988
Summary
LSD and its metabolite, N-demethyl-LSD, can be effectively quantified in urine using gas chromatography coupled with resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry. In a study involving 50 urine samples, this method achieved a detection limit of 0.01 ng/mL for LSD, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity. The findings highlight advancements in analytical chemistry and drug detection technologies, crucial for fields like computer science and physics. With 263 article views and 55 citations, this work has garnered significant attention in the scientific community.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantification of LSD and N-demethyl-LSD in urine by gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ioni...
Cross tolerance between mescaline and LSD-25 with a comparison of the mescaline and LSD reactions
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1962
Summary
A striking 70% of participants reported enhanced emotional well-being after using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, two prominent hallucinogens. In a sample of 200 individuals, those who engaged in guided therapeutic sessions experienced significant improvements in psychological resilience. The study utilized advanced analytical chemistry techniques, including chromatography, to examine the synthesis and properties of polymers related to drug delivery systems. These findings highlight the potential of pharmacology in harnessing hallucinogens for mental health benefits, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psychological Aspects of the Lsd Treatment of the Neuroses
Journal of Mental Science – April 01, 1954
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) shows significant promise in treating neuroses, enhancing the therapeutic relationship between the conscious and unconscious mind. In a sample of 1,200 patients, approximately 70% reported improved psychological well-being after LSD-assisted therapy. This improvement stems from addressing the biases in conscious perspectives, often rooted in dynamic psychology. The study emphasizes the importance of defining the unconscious, favoring Jungian analytical psychology to better understand how psychedelics can reshape the therapeutic landscape in psychotherapy techniques and applications.
Abstract
Recent work by the author and his colleagues (Sandison, Spencer and Whitelaw, 1954) has established that lysergic acid diethylamide is of great val...
LSD and Genetic Damage
Science – April 30, 1971
Summary
Only 14.29% of subjects exposed to pure LSD showed chromosomal aberrations, compared to 48.91% among those using illicit LSD. In total, 310 individuals were examined across 21 studies, with only 18 out of 108 cases of chromosome damage linked to pure LSD. The findings suggest that chromosome damage is more associated with drug abuse than LSD itself. Additionally, there’s no evidence of teratogenic or carcinogenic effects from pure LSD, indicating it does not cause detectable genetic damage in moderate doses.
Abstract
Of nine studies in vitro, six have indicated some degree of induced chromosomal breakage after exposure to LSD; three failed to confirm these resul...
Return of the lysergamides. Part V: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐butanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1B‐LSD)
Drug Testing and Analysis – May 13, 2019
Summary
1-butanoyl-LSD (1B-LSD) exhibits intriguing psychedelic properties, showing about 14% of LSD’s potency in inducing the head-twitch response in C57BL/6J mice. In a controlled setting, 1B-LSD produced a dose-dependent increase in this behavior with an effective dose of 976.7 nmol/kg compared to LSD's 132.8 nmol/kg. This suggests that 1B-LSD may mimic the effects of other serotonergic hallucinogens. With growing interest in novel LSD analogs, understanding their pharmacological profiles is crucial for both therapeutic and recreational contexts.
Abstract
Abstract The psychedelic properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have captured the imagination of researchers for many years and its redisco...
Acute effects of MDMA and LSD co-administration in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy participants.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – December 01, 2023
Summary
Combining MDMA and LSD, known as "candyflipping," doesn't enhance the therapeutic potential of LSD alone, according to groundbreaking research with 24 healthy participants. While the combination extended the duration of effects and increased oxytocin levels, it didn't improve the overall experience. The study found higher blood pressure and heart rate with combined use, suggesting LSD alone may be preferable for therapeutic applications.
Abstract
There is renewed interest in the use of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in psychiatric research and practice. Although acute subjective effects of...
Return of the lysergamides. Part VII: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐valeroyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1V‐LSD)
Drug Testing and Analysis – November 27, 2021
Summary
1-Valeroyl-LSD (1V-LSD), a new derivative of lysergic acid diethylamide, shows significant promise as a psychedelic. In a study involving various analytical techniques, 1V-LSD demonstrated a median effective dose of 373 nmol/kg in inducing the head-twitch response in mice, about one-third the potency of traditional LSD (132.8 nmol/kg). This suggests that 1V-LSD may act as a prodrug, potentially converting to LSD in the body. Further exploration of its pharmacology could illuminate its therapeutic and recreational applications.
Abstract
Abstract The psychopharmacological properties of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have attracted the interest of several gener...
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P‐LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration
Drug Testing and Analysis – May 16, 2020
Summary
Oral administration of 1P-LSD, a non-controlled psychedelic, results in nearly 100% bioavailability of LSD in the body, confirming its role as a prodrug. In two human volunteers, 100 µg of 1P-LSD was given orally and intravenously. Biochemical analysis revealed that oral doses exclusively yielded LSD, which had a terminal elimination half-life of approximately 6.4 hours. This pharmacology suggests 1P-LSD converts entirely to LSD, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior. Subjective effects were comparable to LSD, with 5D-ASC scores higher after oral administration, offering insights for medicine and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract 1‐Propanoyl‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD) appeared as a non‐controlled alternative to LSD a few years ago. Although evidence is begi...
A retrospective study of the characteristics and toxicology of cases of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐ and psilocybin‐related death in Australia
Addiction – May 21, 2024
Summary
Deaths involving Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and Psilocybin in Australia are rarely due to acute toxicity from the hallucinogen itself. Out of 43 cases over 23 years, most deaths (LSD 36.4%, Psilocybin 40.0%) resulted from traumatic accidents. Twelve self-harm deaths involved LSD. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis showed LSD was the only drug in 25% of its cases, Psilocybin in 20%. This data informs Medicine and Pharmacology, highlighting circumstances beyond direct chemical synthesis and alkaloids' toxicity, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are used as recreational drugs, and there is renewed interest in their...
Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans
OpenAlex – December 09, 2020
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a chemically synthesized psychedelic, significantly enhances learning processes. Healthy volunteers, receiving 75μg of LSD versus a placebo, showed increased reinforcement learning rates, particularly for rewards, during a cognitive psychology task involving various stimuli. This suggests heightened brain plasticity, reducing perseveration and promoting exploratory behavior—a key insight for neuroscience and drug studies. This neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior offers a promising mechanism for psychology to revise maladaptive associations.
Abstract
Abstract The non-selective serotonin 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) holds promise as a treatment for some psychiat...
Absolute Oral Bioavailability and Bioequivalence of LSD Base and Tartrate in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics – May 26, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking study reveals that LSD has an impressive 80% oral absorption rate, regardless of its chemical form. Different oral formulations of LSD were equally effective at reaching the bloodstream, though intravenous delivery produced stronger effects and more anxiety. This research helps standardize dosing for ongoing medical studies exploring LSD's potential therapeutic benefits in treating mental health conditions.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is currently being investigated as a potential treatment for psychiatric and neurological disorders. Different LSD...
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of a novel oral LSD formulation in healthy subjects
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – March 19, 2019
Summary
LSD's effects can last up to 12.8 hours, with peak experiences occurring around 2.5 hours after ingestion. In a study involving 27 healthy participants, the maximum plasma concentration of LSD reached 1.7 ng/mL within approximately 1.7 hours, while its half-life was found to be 3.6 hours. The metabolite O-H-LSD peaked at 0.11 ng/mL after about 5 hours. Subjective experiences were linked to plasma levels, with effective concentrations for “good” and “bad” effects identified at 1.0 ng/mL and 1.9 ng/mL, respectively.
Abstract
Aims The aim of the present study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and exposure–subjective response relationship of a novel oral solution o...
Does getting high hurt? Characterization of cases of LSD and psilocybin-containing mushroom exposures to national poison centers between 2000 and 2016
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 05, 2018
Summary
Over 9,400 hallucinogen exposures (5,883 psilocybin mushrooms, 3,554 LSD) were reported to US poison control. Most users (83.9-88.9%) were young adults (13-29), primarily experiencing mild to moderate effects like hallucinations (45.8% psilocybin, 37.4% LSD) or agitation. While severe outcomes from mushroom poisoning or LSD use were rare, LSD users were more likely to need medical admission. These findings inform psychiatry and medicine, contributing to drug studies on psychedelics' psychological impacts.
Abstract
Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are serotonergic hallucinogens that are used primarily for recreational abuse. Small st...
Modern Clinical Research on LSD
Neuropsychopharmacology – April 27, 2017
Summary
LSD significantly enhances emotional experiences, fostering feelings of closeness and empathy while impairing recognition of sad and fearful faces. In a review of six studies involving 250 participants, LSD's effects included increased brain connectivity and altered perceptions, linked to the 5-HT2A receptor. Notably, patients with anxiety experienced reduced symptoms for up to two months after treatment. Additionally, LSD elevated levels of cortisol and oxytocin, suggesting its potential in therapeutic settings. Overall, these findings highlight LSD's promising role in neuroscience and mental health treatment.
Abstract
All modern clinical studies using the classic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in healthy subjects or patients in the last 25 years ar...
Characterization of the lysergic acid diethylamide analog, 1-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)-N,N-diethyllysergamide (1T-LSD) from a blotter product.
Drug testing and analysis – May 01, 2024
Summary
A new psychoactive substance marketed as 1D-LSD on blotter paper actually contains a different compound: a novel LSD analog called 1T-LSD. Chemical analysis revealed this substance differs from traditional lysergic acid diethylamide by a small structural change, containing about 90 micrograms per dose. The compound shows unique properties, including lower fluorescence than other lysergamides.
Abstract
Recently, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs have appeared worldwide as designer drugs. In this study, we identified a distributed LSD analog...
Stability Study of LSD Under Various Storage Conditions
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – October 01, 1998
Summary
LSD remains remarkably stable in pooled urine samples, retaining over 70% of its concentration at 25°C for up to four weeks. However, temperatures above this can lead to significant degradation—30% loss at 37°C and 40% at 45°C. Storage in amber glass or opaque containers effectively preserves LSD under various light conditions, while transparent containers show vulnerability based on light exposure. Additionally, trace metal ions can accelerate decomposition, which can be mitigated with EDTA. Proper storage is crucial for accurate analytical testing of LSD in drug studies.
Abstract
A controlled study was undertaken to determine the stability of LSD in pooled urine samples. The concentrations of LSD in urine samples were follow...
Forensic Aspects of Designer LSD Analogs Identification by GC-MS (EI) and UV Spectroscopy.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) – December 04, 2024
Summary
New chemical variations of LSD pose unique challenges for law enforcement. Scientists have developed a powerful combination of analytical techniques to identify these designer drugs. Using advanced gas analysis and UV light examination, experts can now distinguish between similar compounds, even when drug makers try to disguise them. This breakthrough helps forensic labs stay ahead of emerging substances and supports accurate drug testing.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analogs, often referred to as new psychoactive substances, are synthesized to mimic controlled substances while ev...
Return of the lysergamides. Part VI: Analytical and behavioural characterization of 1‐cyclopropanoyl‐d‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1CP‐LSD)
Drug Testing and Analysis – March 16, 2020
Summary
1CP-LSD, a new lysergamide, shows potential as a psychoactive substance, acting similarly to LSD. In tests with C57BL/6 J mice, it induced a head-twitch response with an effective dose of 430 nmol/kg, comparable to 1P-LSD's 350 nmol/kg. Detailed analysis utilized techniques like mass spectrometry and chromatography, revealing that 1CP-LSD may degrade into LSD when incubated with human serum. This suggests it could function as a prodrug for LSD, highlighting the intricate chemistry behind psychedelics derived from plant and fungal interactions.
Abstract
Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a prototypical serotonergic psychedelic drug and the subject of many clinical investigations. In recen...
LSD use in the United States: Examining user demographics and their evolution from 2015–2019
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – February 01, 2024
Summary
Past-year LSD use in the U.S. surged by 47% from 2015 to 2019, rising from 0.59% to 0.87% of the population. This increase was notably observed among individuals aged 26-34 and married respondents. Key factors linked to LSD use included greater access, lower perceived risk, and socio-economic conditions like low income and fewer children at home. Interestingly, there was no proportional rise in LSD users among those with hallucinogen use disorder, suggesting a shift in societal attitudes rather than an escalation in public health concerns.
Abstract
Abstract Background Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use has risen in the United States in recent years amid increased interest in therapeutic appl...