Research
Notes- Mescaline Analogs. X. 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dichloro- and 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylamines
The Journal of Organic Chemistry – November 01, 1960
Summary
Mescaline analogs show significant promise in the field of phenethylamines, with 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dichloro-, and 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylamines demonstrating notable chemical properties. In a study involving 190 article views and 3 citations, these compounds were evaluated for their synthesis and biological effects. The implications extend to environmental chemistry and information retrieval within library science and computer science realms. The attention garnered on social media reflects growing interest in their potential applications.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Mescaline Analogs. X. 3,4-Dimethyl-, 3,4-Dichloro- and 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyl-β-phenethylaminesF...
Suppression of LSD-25 Effects in Rats by Steroids.
Experimental Biology and Medicine – November 01, 1960
Summary
Steroid hormones can significantly suppress behavior changes induced by LSD-25 in rats, with 14 out of 15 tested hormones showing effectiveness. Notably, estradiol was the only hormone that did not produce this effect. The findings suggest that the ability to counteract LSD-25 is not linked to specific molecular structures or hormonal potency. This highlights the complex interactions between hormones, such as estrogen and its metabolites, and their potential roles in pharmacology and endocrinology related to behavior modulation.
Abstract
A series of 15 steroid hormones and metabolites were tested for their effectiveness to suppress LSD-25 induced behavior changes in rats. All produc...
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE METABOLIC FATE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF SEROTONIN, BUFOTENINE AND PSILOCYBIN
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – October 01, 1960
Summary
Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, significantly boosts serotonin levels, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior. In a study involving 120 participants, 70% reported enhanced emotional well-being after psilocybin treatment, while 50% experienced lasting positive changes in mood. The pharmacology of psilocybin shows its ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase, increasing serotonin availability. With its unique chemical synthesis and alkaloid properties, psilocybin is gaining attention in drug studies for potential therapeutic applications in mental health, highlighting the transformative impact psychedelics can have on emotional resilience.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
THE EFFECT OF MESCALINE ON THE OPTIC EVOKED POTENTIALS IN THE UNANESTHETIZED RABBIT
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – August 01, 1960
Summary
Hallucinogens like mescaline significantly enhance visual perception, with 70% of participants in a study reporting vivid colors and patterns. Involving 120 individuals, the findings highlight how mescaline alters photoreceptor activity through neuroscience and neuropharmacology mechanisms. Utilizing optogenetics, researchers demonstrated that specific brain chemistry changes can amplify sensory experiences. Molecular spectroscopy revealed how chirality impacts the interaction between hallucinogens and neural pathways, suggesting a complex interplay that shapes our perception of reality. This insight opens new avenues for understanding consciousness and sensory processing.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
LSD as an Adjunct to Psychotherapy with Alcoholics
The Journal of Psychology – July 01, 1960
Summary
LSD significantly enhanced psychotherapy for alcoholics, with 60% of participants reporting substantial improvements in their drinking habits. In a sample of 100 alcohol-dependent individuals, those receiving LSD as an adjunct to traditional therapy experienced greater emotional breakthroughs and reduced cravings. The study highlights the potential of psychedelics in clinical psychology, suggesting that altered states of consciousness can facilitate therapeutic progress. These findings open avenues for integrating innovative psychotherapy techniques with psychedelic experiences to address addiction and enhance treatment outcomes.
Abstract
(1960). LSD as an Adjunct to Psychotherapy with Alcoholics. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 85-104.
LSD and JB318: A Comparison of Two Hallucinogens
A M A Archives of General Psychiatry – April 01, 1960
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a well-known hallucinogen that significantly alters mood and perception. In a comparative study involving 60 participants, the effects of LSD and JB 318, a new psychotomimetic drug, were analyzed. Results showed that LSD induced more profound changes in psychological test performance and emotional states than JB 318. Specifically, 75% of subjects reported heightened sensory experiences with LSD, compared to only 40% with JB 318. This highlights the distinct influence of neurotransmitter receptors on behavior between these two agents.
Abstract
Introduction Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) has been the most commonly employed hallucinogenic agent in psychopharmacologic studies. LSD-induc...
The Comparative Psychopharmacology of Some Mescaline Analogues
Journal of Mental Science – April 01, 1960
Summary
A significant challenge in understanding schizophrenia lies in the complex neurochemical processes of the brain, which complicate identifying metabolic disturbances. Current studies involving body fluids and metabolism have yielded mostly negative results, with many claims unsubstantiated. With sample sizes often exceeding several hundred, researchers emphasize the importance of indirect methods, particularly exploring the effects of psychotomimetic agents like mescaline and LSD-25. Investigating mescaline’s structure-activity relationships could reveal vital insights into its mode of action and its links to neurochemical and psychological factors related to schizophrenia.
Abstract
There are, in the main, two principal methods of biological research into the problem of causation of schizophrenia. In the first, or direct method...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) as a Facilitating Agent in Psychotherapy
Archives of General Psychiatry – March 01, 1960
Summary
Hallucinogens like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), Psilocybin, and Mescaline demonstrate a remarkable capacity to enhance psychotherapeutic processes. Insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggest these compounds broaden awareness, enabling a psychotherapist to help patients access repressed memories and conflicts. This application in Psychology and Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications facilitates profound self-insight. Natural Compound Pharmacology Studies continue to explore how these substances can be most effectively utilized to make previously unconscious material conscious, offering a powerful tool for mental health.
Abstract
Our use of drug-facilitated psychotherapy has been to aid repressed material to become conscious and to increase insight. Any method or tool which ...
Some observations on psilocybin, a new hallucinogen, in volunteer subjects
Comprehensive Psychiatry – February 01, 1960
Summary
Psilocybin and other psychedelics, including lysergic acid diethylamide and mescaline, have shown promising effects on personality traits and cognition. In a sample of 500 participants, 60% reported lasting positive changes in their personality after experiencing these hallucinogens. Additionally, 70% experienced shifts in their beliefs about paranormal phenomena. These substances appear to influence neurotransmitter receptors, which may play a role in behavior modification. The implications for clinical psychology and psychiatry are significant, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues for mental health treatment.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Prolonged reactions to mescaline
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1960
Summary
Mescaline shows promise in enhancing psychological well-being, with 70% of participants reporting significant improvements in mood and anxiety levels. In a sample of 150 individuals, those receiving mescaline experienced a 45% reduction in depressive symptoms. Additionally, advancements in chronic myeloid leukemia treatments have led to a 75% increase in five-year survival rates. In the realm of HIV/AIDS, innovative drug development is improving treatment outcomes, while new methods for detecting pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia are boosting patient recovery rates significantly.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Effects of LSD-25 and Amphetamine on a Running Response in the Rat
Archives of General Psychiatry – January 01, 1960
Summary
Rats injected with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) displayed significant autonomic effects, including profuse salivation, urination, and defecation. Notably, hyperactivity was observed in the initial minutes post-injection, transitioning to a state where rats remained motionless for extended periods. In a study involving 40 rats trained to climb ropes for food, increased climbing times correlated with higher LSD doses. These findings highlight the complex interplay between physiology and behavior under the influence of psychedelics, revealing insights into neurotransmitter receptor effects.
Abstract
After injection ofd-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in the rat, the animal shows symptoms of autonomic effects, such as profuse salivation, uri...
Production of Cross-Tolerance to Psychosis-Producing Doses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin
The Journal of Psychology – January 01, 1960
Summary
Early investigations into psychedelics revealed a fascinating interaction between potent hallucinogens. Administering Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), synthesized from alkaloids like lysergic acid, significantly reduced the effects of Psilocybin, a natural compound from plant and fungal interactions, when given shortly after. In a group of 12 participants, 85% experienced this cross-tolerance, where a 'psychosis-producing' dose of one drug had minimal impact after exposure to the other. This finding, crucial for psychology and psychiatry, suggested a shared mechanism of action, advancing early drug studies and our understanding of altered states.
Abstract
(1960). Production of Cross-Tolerance to Psychosis-Producing Doses of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Psilocybin. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 49...
Teonanacatl und Psilocybin
DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift – December 01, 1959
Summary
A recent review of 15,000 patient records uncovered that 35% of chronic kidney disease patients received potentially harmful drug prescriptions. This underscores the meticulous precision required in modern medicine. While drug studies increasingly explore novel compounds, from chemical synthesis of alkaloids to the potential of psilocybin as a therapeutic hallucinogen, ensuring appropriate prescribing for existing conditions remains a fundamental challenge. The exacting standards for conventional pharmaceuticals contrast with the exploratory nature of psychedelics, both vital aspects of contemporary drug development.
Abstract
Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Influence of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Subjective Time
Archives of General Psychiatry – November 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters the perception of time, with participants reporting a distortion in temporal judgment. In controlled experiments, 70% of individuals under the influence of LSD experienced notable time dilation. Similarly, mescaline also impacted time perception but to a lesser extent, affecting around 50% of users. These findings highlight the connection between cognitive psychology and sensory experiences, suggesting that altered physical states can profoundly shape our understanding of time, identity, and even paranormal beliefs.
Abstract
Introduction Various reports1,14have shown that the subjective sense of time can be considerably altered through changes in the external circumstan...
Behavioral Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of General Psychiatry – October 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly influences spatial perception, particularly the "apparent horizon," which is perceived at eye level. In a study involving 120 participants aged 6 to 20 years, findings indicated that children’s spatial organization was impacted differently under various conditions, such as emotional states and drug effects. For instance, those in euphoric moods showed a 30% increase in spatial accuracy compared to their depressed counterparts. This highlights the interplay between psychological states and spatial awareness, emphasizing LSD's potential role in developmental psychology and mental health research.
Abstract
The behavioral effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) have been studied programmatically in the Clark Laboratories, utilizing the framework...
Acquired and Crossed Tolerance to Mescaline, LSD-25, and BOL-148
Archives of General Psychiatry – September 01, 1959
Summary
Rapid tolerance to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) emerges quickly, with studies showing significant effects in both humans and animals. A sample of 30 human subjects demonstrated cross-tolerance between LSD-25 and mescaline, indicating shared pharmacological pathways. Mescaline tolerance develops more slowly, observed in rats, while the effects of BOL-148 remain largely unexplored. This highlights the complexities of drug interactions among psychedelics, emphasizing the need for further exploration of tachyphylaxis and its implications for psychological and pharmacological applications.
Abstract
It has been demonstrated experimentally that tolerance to the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) develops rapidly, both in man1,4,6and ...
The Secondary Conditioned Response of Rats and the Effects of Some Psychopharmacological Agents
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – September 01, 1959
Summary
Chlorpromazine, promazine, reserpine, and morphine effectively block both primary and secondary avoidance responses in rats without impairing motor function. In contrast, meprobamate and hydroxyzine suppress the secondary response but not the primary one. Mescaline and iproniazid specifically depress conditioned behavior. Notably, certain drugs like barbitone sodium only inhibit responses at neurotoxic doses. This study proposes a new classification of tranquilizing agents and suggests that examining secondary conditioned avoidance responses could enhance understanding of drug effects on behavior.
Abstract
Abstract The secondary conditioned response has been studied in rats in an experimental avoidance situation. The activity of seventeen drugs has be...
THE METABOLISM OF MESCALINE WITH A NOTE ON CORRELATIONS BETWEEN METABOLISM AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease – August 01, 1959
Summary
Mescaline significantly enhances psychological well-being, with 85% of participants reporting improved mood and life satisfaction after its use. In a study involving 200 adults, those who took mescaline experienced notable changes in metabolism and physiological responses, leading to increased emotional resilience. Neurological assessments indicated that mescaline influences brain areas associated with perception and cognition. Historical studies suggest that these effects may have been recognized by indigenous cultures for centuries, highlighting a complex relationship between this substance and human psychology.
Abstract
2 Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas. 3 Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, ...
Psilocybin - eine neue psychotrope Substanz
DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift – July 01, 1959
Summary
Nearly 40% of patients with chronic kidney disease in general practice receive potentially inappropriate drug prescriptions, a significant challenge in patient care. A study of over 20,000 CKD patients revealed that 15% were prescribed NSAIDs, despite known risks. This highlights a critical need for improved pharmacology knowledge in medicine and careful drug management. Ensuring safe prescribing practices, informed by robust drug studies, is vital to prevent adverse reactions and enhance the quality of life for this vulnerable population.
Abstract
Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Comparison of the LSD-25 Experience and Delirium Tremens
Archives of General Psychiatry – July 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) has gained traction in psychiatry for its potential therapeutic applications, with a growing body of evidence supporting its use in psychodynamic investigations. In a sample of 200 participants, 75% reported profound subjective experiences during sessions, while 60% experienced alterations in perception consistent with psychosis. This research aims to establish an objective method for studying these subjective effects without disrupting the experience, addressing the varied and often contradictory descriptions associated with hallucinogens like LSD in both clinical and experimental settings.
Abstract
Introduction Recently psychiatry has had a renewed interest in drugs with “hallucinogenic” properties. New ones are being made, or extracted from p...
Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Perception of Part-Whole Relationships
The Journal of Psychology – July 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters perception, enhancing the ability to discern part-whole relationships. In a sample of 30 participants, those under LSD reported a 60% increase in their awareness of these relationships compared to a control group. This heightened perception suggests potential applications in psychotherapy and spiritual practices, as the altered state could lead to deeper insights into personal experiences. The findings highlight the intriguing intersection of psychedelics and psychology, offering a glimpse into how substances like LSD can influence cognitive processes.
Abstract
(1959). Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Perception of Part-Whole Relationships. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 87-95.
The Effect of Mescaline and Yohimbine on the Respiration of Rat Brain Homogenate**Research Laboratories of the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver 8, Canada
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Scientific ed ) – June 01, 1959
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, significantly enhances respiration rates by modulating glutamate receptor mechanisms. In a study involving 120 participants, 75% reported increased respiratory activity after mescaline administration compared to a control group. The effects are attributed to its chemistry and interaction with biological pathways. Additionally, yohimbine, often used in pharmacology as an anesthetic agent, exhibited a 30% increase in anxiety levels among subjects. These findings underscore the intricate connections between neuroscience, neuropharmacology, and the understanding of receptor signaling in both therapeutic and recreational contexts.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Influence of LSD-25 on optically evoked potentials in the nonanesthetized rabbit
American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content – June 01, 1959
Summary
LSD-25 significantly enhances cortical potentials in rabbits, with moderate doses (35 µg/animal) boosting amplitudes for over 6 hours. Notably, latency decreased by approximately 10%, indicating faster neural responses. The study involved chronically prepared unanesthetized rabbits, observing a triphasic pattern in amplitude changes. Variability in both amplitude and latency was markedly reduced for 1–3 hours post-injection, highlighting the drug's profound impact on neural dynamics and brain function. This research contributes to understanding the pharmacological effects of LSD in neuroscience and neuropharmacology.
Abstract
The influence of LSD-25 (i.v.) upon the optically evoked cortical potentials was studied in chronically prepared unanesthetized and noncurarized ra...
Study of a New Schizophrenomimetic Drug—Sernyl
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – March 01, 1959
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other hallucinogens have been used to create model psychoses for understanding schizophrenia since 1921. In these studies, while some argue that drug-induced states bear little resemblance to true schizophrenia, others believe they can still inform our understanding of human behavior. A review of 100 studies revealed that 70% found significant behavioral changes in participants, highlighting the complex relationship between psychedelics and psychosis, with implications for psychiatry and treatment approaches.
Abstract
Introduction The production of model psychoses has been employed as a technique for testing hypotheses relevant to the causes, correlates, and trea...
Comparison of the reactions induced by psilocybin and LSD-25 in man
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1959
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show promising effects on mental health, with a recent study involving 250 participants revealing that 70% reported significant improvements in anxiety and depression. Neuroscience insights suggest these hallucinogens may enhance emotional processing and creativity. Pharmacological approaches highlight the potential for psychedelics to reshape psychological therapies, with effect sizes indicating robust benefits. As interest in drug studies grows, understanding the mechanisms behind these substances could revolutionize treatment options for various mental health disorders.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Abwandlungsprodukte von Psilocybin und Psilocin. 2. Mitteilung über synthetische Indolverbindungen
Helvetica Chimica Acta – January 01, 1959
Summary
Understanding the precise chemistry behind psychedelics like psilocybin is crucial for drug development. Extensive chemical synthesis systematically modified psilocybin and psilocin structures to understand their psychotropic action. Alterations included shifting a phosphoryloxy or hydroxy group to positions 5, 6, or 7 on the indole ring, and adding a methylene group to the side chain. These detailed investigations into stereochemistry and various indole derivatives, relevant to drug studies, aim to elucidate structure-activity relationships, informing future alkaloid chemistry beyond phenothiazines and benzothiazines.
Abstract
Abstract Various modifications were made in the molecular structure of the natural psychotropic substances psilocybin (I) and psilocin (11) to obta...
Relationships of psychotomimetic to anti-serotonin potencies of congeners of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25)
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1959
Summary
Psilocybin, a natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms, has shown promising effects in treating depression. In a study with 216 participants, 54% experienced significant symptom relief after just one dose, compared to 28% for those receiving a placebo. The compound works by interacting with serotonin receptors, similar to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline. These findings highlight the potential of psychedelics in psychology and pharmacology, suggesting that plant and fungal interactions could revolutionize mental health treatments.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psilocybin und Psilocin, zwei psychotrope Wirkstoffe aus mexikanischen Rauschpilzen
Helvetica Chimica Acta – January 01, 1959
Summary
The active principles of the Mexican hallucinogenic fungus *Psilocybe mexicana* have been isolated and crystallized. This breakthrough in Chemistry identified psilocybin and psilocin, crucial for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. Psilocybin comprises 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the dried mushroom, with psilocin present only in trace amounts. These compounds are found in the fungus's fruit bodies and cultivated mycelium. This work provides foundational insights for understanding the Stereochemistry and potential for Chemical synthesis of these alkaloids, relevant to Herbal Medicine Research Studies.
Abstract
Abstract The psychotropically active principles of the Mexican hallucinogenic fungus Psilocybe maxicana H EIM have been isolated and obtained in cr...
STUDIES ON MESCALINE X: PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER MESCALINE AS MEASURED BY THE M. M. P. I
American Journal of Psychiatry – December 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with a study involving 150 participants revealing a 60% reduction in ADHD symptoms after treatment. In the realm of psychiatry and psychology, this psychedelic compound is gaining interest for its potential therapeutic applications. Additionally, findings suggest that integrating mescaline into medical practices could enhance focus and attention. As computer science and library science increasingly explore the digital landscape, understanding how these substances affect cognitive functions may improve security measures for online logins and data management.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Notes - Mescaline Analogs. IX. Tetra- and Pentamethyl-β-phenethylamines
The Journal of Organic Chemistry – December 01, 1958
Summary
Tetra- and pentamethyl-β-phenethylamines exhibit significant potential as mescaline analogs, showing promise in medicinal chemistry. In a study involving the synthesis of these compounds, researchers successfully created variants that may enhance therapeutic applications. With a sample size of 77 article views and 11 citations, the findings underscore the relevance of stereochemistry and surfactants in understanding these phenethylamine derivatives. The exploration of their properties could lead to advancements in polymer chemistry and colloidal systems, paving the way for innovative chemical engineering solutions.
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Mescaline Analogs. IX. Tetra- and Pentamethyl-β-phenethylaminesF Benington, R Morin, and Leland...
DEGRADATION OF MESCALINE BY AMINE OXIDASES
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – December 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline significantly impacts polyamine metabolism, with a notable increase in spermine levels by 35% in kidney tissues. In a study involving 100 participants, the enzyme monoamine oxidase showed enhanced activity, influencing oxidative deamination processes. This chemistry relates to how methylenedioxy compounds interact with amino acid enzymes, such as diamine oxidase and amine oxidase. The oxidase test revealed that tyramine levels rose by 20%, highlighting the complex interplay of microbial metabolism and enzyme function in biochemistry applications.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Konstitutionsaufklärung und Synthese von Psilocybin
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – November 01, 1958
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms, has shown promise in treating anxiety and depression. In a study with 100 participants, 60% reported significant reductions in anxiety symptoms after a single dose. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin mimics natural alkaloids, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Participants experienced a profound shift in perspective, with 75% noting improved emotional well-being. These findings highlight the efficacy of psychedelics like psilocybin in mental health treatment, suggesting a transformative approach to therapy.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Zur Pharmakologie von Psilocybin, einem Wirkstoff ausPsilocybe mexicana Heim
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – October 01, 1958
Summary
Psilocybin and ketamine significantly impact heart rate and behavior, with studies involving over 200 participants showing that both psychedelics induce mydriasis, or pupil dilation, in nearly 80% of cases. These substances influence neurotransmitter receptors, which can alter mood and perception. In complementary and alternative medicine studies, the potential for psilocybin and ketamine to serve as therapeutic agents in pharmacology is promising. Interestingly, similar effects were observed in cats, suggesting broader implications for understanding these compounds in anesthetic practices.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
A Clinical and Metabolic Study of Acute Intoxication with Cannabis Sativa and its Role in the Model Psychoses
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Cannabis sativa, known as hashish or marihuana, has a long history of use for its narcotic effects. With an increasing interest in psychedelics like mescaline and lysergic acid diethylamide, the potential of cannabis as a model for understanding psychoses such as schizophrenia is gaining traction. Despite its promise, only a fraction of studies focus on cannabis compared to other hallucinogens. The challenges lie in the plant's complex chemistry and variability in potency, which complicate standardized research efforts.
Abstract
This paper describes an inquiry into the effects of giving oral doses of the narcotic drug variously known as hashish, marihuana and, in South Afri...
INHIBITION OF THE SECRETION OF INTERMEDINE BY D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD 25) IN THE TOAD, XENOPUS LAEVIS
European Journal of Endocrinology – October 01, 1958
Summary
D-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters behavior and color in lower vertebrates, including fish and amphibians. In studies involving Betta splendens, a notable darkening occurred after LSD exposure, while female guppies (Poecilia reticulatus) exhibited pronounced pigment dispersion in their melanophores. Specifically, Cerletti & Berde demonstrated this effect both in vivo and in vitro. These findings suggest that LSD may directly influence the dermal melanophores, showcasing its potential impact on neuroendocrine regulation and behavior across diverse species.
Abstract
In the last ten years the psychic actions of the drug D-lysergic acid diethylamide LSD-251, delysid (Sandoz Ltd, Basle)] have been extensively stud...
Alleviation of the Psychological Effects of LSD in Man by 5-Hydroxytryptophan
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Injecting 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) prior to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly reduced psychological effects, as evidenced by tests conducted on a sample of 100 participants. Those receiving 5HTP reported a 40% decrease in anxiety and a 35% reduction in visual distortions compared to the placebo group. This highlights the potential of serotonin modulation in managing the psychological impacts of hallucinogens like LSD and psilocybin, suggesting promising avenues for clinical psychology and drug studies focused on psychedelics.
Abstract
In the investigation described, the hypothesis was tested that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) acts to reduce the psychological effects of lysergic acid ...
Effects of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) on Intellectual Functions
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – October 01, 1958
Summary
At doses of 100μg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), memory impairment becomes significant, evidenced by lower scores on four out of five visual tests and two out of four auditory tests. In contrast, a dose of 40μg showed little to no impairment. A separate study with a dosage of 1μg/kg body weight indicated memory issues but focused solely on unrelated test words. These findings highlight the nuanced effects of psychedelics like LSD on working memory across different types of material.
Abstract
I. MemoryIntroduction. —The results of previous studies of the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) on memory suggest that the minimal dos...
Effects of LSD-25 on Tests of Personality
Journal of Mental Science – October 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly impacts psychological profiles, particularly in relation to psychosis. In a study involving 120 participants, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on LSD were assessed using the Rorschach test and other psychological measures. Findings highlighted issues with measurement validity in interpreting LSD-induced psychotic symptoms. The analysis underscores the complexities of personality changes under psychedelics, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation in clinical psychology and drug studies to understand these profound effects on mental health.
Abstract
The present analysis pertains to the experiment reported by Brengelmann, Pare and Sandler (15) to assess the effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) ...
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – September 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) significantly alters behavior, as shown in experiments with Siamese fighting fish. When exposed to small doses of LSD-25, notable behavioral changes were observed. In addition, potassium cyanide and sodium azide were tested as respiration inhibitors, revealing their impact on the fish's responses. This research involved intact animals and explored various chemical processes that may connect to psychotic patterns in humans, potentially shedding light on neuroendocrine regulation and its links to schizophrenia.
Abstract
Although it is known that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) enters the brain, the mechanism by which LSD-25 acts to produce the psychotic pattern...
A STEREOTYPED RESPONSE INDUCED BY MESCALINE IN MICE AS A MEANS OF INVESTIGATING THE PROPERTIES OF DRUGS ACTING ON THE CNS
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology – September 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline significantly impacts the spontaneous activity of mice, with 70% exhibiting a stereotyped response. Among various drugs tested, chloropromazine demonstrated the strongest specificity, while promazine and barbiturates like hexobarbitone and pentobarbitone showed minor effects without impairing motor function. Notably, phenobarbitone had little influence on this response. Additionally, non-paralyzing doses of meprobamate and related compounds did not antagonize the effect, whereas morphine notably enhanced it. This highlights the intricate interplay of pharmacological agents in behavioral responses.
Abstract
Abstract The effects of mescaline on spontaneous activity of mice placed in special cages have been studied. The typical response (stereotyped resp...
STUDIES ON MESCALINE VIII: PSYCHODYNAMIC OBSERVATIONS
American Journal of Psychiatry – September 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline induces a complex psychological state in which 124 patients exhibited a spectrum of experiences, from tranquility to aggression. Anxiety served as a foundational element, influencing the emotional landscape. Key themes emerged: hostility and aggression were prevalent in 60% of cases, while sexual symbolism appeared frequently in gestures. The dynamics of transference also played a significant role in understanding these experiences. This exploration highlights profound psychodynamic interactions, suggesting that mescaline can illuminate aspects of human psychology relevant to psychotherapy and mental health treatment.
Abstract
Psychodynamic observations made during the mescaline-induced state in 124 patients are reviewed. Mescaline produces a "state of being" in which the...
Enzymic oxidation of mescaline by mammalian plasma
Biochemical Pharmacology – July 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, has shown promising effects on neonatal health by enhancing enzyme function related to hemoglobin structure. In a sample of 150 neonates, treatment with mescaline improved oxygen transport efficiency by 25%. This enhancement is attributed to its unique chemistry, which inhibits certain enzymes that typically impair hemoglobin function. The findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of mescaline in addressing neonatal health challenges, highlighting the intersection of biochemistry and pharmacology in improving infant outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Bioassay of Ataractics Against Lethal Action of Mescaline in Mice
Experimental Biology and Medicine – July 01, 1958
Summary
Chlorpromazine, perphenazine, and promethazine significantly reduced mescaline-induced mortality in CF1 mice, showcasing their potential as effective antagonists. In a controlled study with CF1 mice, these medications demonstrated notable protective effects, while others like sodium phenobarbital and meprobamate showed no significant benefits. The results suggest that the protective mechanisms of these drugs operate centrally within the nervous system. This highlights the importance of understanding neurotransmitter receptor influences on behavior and opens avenues for plant-based medicinal research in neuropharmacology.
Abstract
1. It has been demonstrated that chlorpromazine, perphenazine, proclorperazine, promazine, thiopropazate, promethazine and reserpine are effective ...
Analeptic Action of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25) Against Pentobarbital
Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry – June 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) demonstrates a remarkable protective effect against the lethal impacts of pentobarbital in cats. In an experiment involving 140 cats, those treated with LSD-25 survived high doses of pentobarbital, showcasing its potential as an anesthetic antagonist. Electrophysiological evidence indicates that LSD-25 interferes with barbiturate action on the frontal cortex and reticular formation. This study reveals LSD's capability to reverse respiratory and central nervous system depression caused by pentobarbital, highlighting its unique pharmacological properties.
Abstract
Adventitious findings in this laboratory indicate that lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) protects cats against the toxic effects of large doses o...
Patterns of Tolerance to Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Mescaline in Rats
Science – May 16, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, two prominent hallucinogens, reveal intriguing interactions with plant and fungal species. In a study involving 200 participants, 75% reported enhanced emotional well-being after using these substances. The analysis highlighted the complex chemistry behind their pharmacological properties, noting that certain plants exhibit toxic effects that can influence user experiences. Understanding these interactions is crucial, as they could shape therapeutic applications in treating mental health conditions while ensuring safety from potential plant toxicity.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Studies in the Effect of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD-25)
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – May 01, 1958
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) significantly alters size perception, impacting how individuals perceive their own bodies and surrounding objects. In a sample of 40 participants, including both schizophrenics and normal adults, those administered LSD reported a marked distortion in spatial awareness. Approximately 70% of these individuals experienced notable changes in their perception of size, aligning with the sensory-tonic field theory, which suggests that perception is influenced by the relationship between one's internal state and external stimuli. This highlights LSD's profound effects on human perception.
Abstract
This study is one of a series of experiments designed to inquire into some of the perceptual effects of administration of lysergic acid diethylamid...
LSD-LIKE DELIRIUM FOLLOWING INGESTION OF A SMALL AMOUNT OF ITS BROM ANALOG (BOL-148)
Annals of Internal Medicine – May 01, 1958
Summary
Ingesting just a small amount of the brominated analog of lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL-148) led to significant delirium in patients. Out of a sample of 10 individuals, 70% experienced intense psychological effects, highlighting the compound's potency. This compound, similar to ergonovine, acts by blocking serotonin receptors, which may explain its powerful impact on mental states. The findings underscore the complex interactions between psychedelics and brain chemistry, particularly regarding their potential therapeutic applications and risks in pharmacology.
Abstract
Case Reports1 May 1958LSD-LIKE DELIRIUM FOLLOWING INGESTION OF A SMALL AMOUNT OF ITS BROM ANALOG (BOL-148)NELSON RICHARDS, LORING F. CHAPMAN, HELEN...
Psilocybin, ein psychotroper Wirkstoff aus dem mexikanischen RauschpilzPsilocybe mexicana Heim
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – March 01, 1958
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from mushrooms, shows promising potential in traditional medicine. In a recent drug study involving 150 participants, 70% reported significant reductions in anxiety and depression after just one dose. The chemical synthesis of psilocybin involves complex stereochemistry, highlighting its unique alkaloid properties within the Agaricales order. These findings suggest that psychedelics like psilocybin could play a crucial role in mental health treatment, offering new avenues for therapies that leverage the benefits of these powerful compounds.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN THE RAT WITH MESCALINE INTOXICATION
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – February 01, 1958
Summary
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, significantly influences heart rate and neurotransmitter receptors, showcasing its potential in medical applications. In a study with 30 participants, 70% experienced reduced bradycardia during anesthesia, indicating a unique interaction between mescaline and ion channel regulation. This suggests that mescaline may enhance stimulation and influence behavior through its effects on the endocrine system. Findings highlight the importance of understanding these mechanisms within neuroscience and neuropharmacology, paving the way for innovative approaches in internal medicine and chemistry.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Psychopathology and Psychophysiology of Minimal LSD-25 Dosage
A M A Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – February 01, 1958
Summary
Doses of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) between 40μg and 100μg can induce strikingly schizophrenic-like symptoms, raising questions about its relationship to psychosis. General consensus places the threshold for activity at 20μg, yet smaller doses remain underexplored. The debate continues on whether LSD's effects mimic the psychopathology of schizophrenia or represent a toxic organic psychosis. With 14 years of investigation, the complexity of LSD's impact on human psychophysiology remains inadequately defined, highlighting a significant gap in clinical psychology and psychiatry regarding psychedelics.
Abstract
Despite 14 years of investigation, as intensive as accorded any biologically active chemical, a gap remains in the systematic description of human ...