Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
October 1, 1968
Albert Leung, A.g. Paul
91 citations
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen derived from mushrooms, showed significant promise in reducing anxiety and depression symptoms in a clinical trial with 120 participants. After just one dose, 60% of participants reported substantial improvements. The pharmacology of psilocybin involves complex chemistry, including its stereochemistry and interaction with serotonin receptors. Additionally, the study highlighted the potential of parthenolide, an alkaloid, as a complementary treatment, suggesting that combining psychedelics with other compounds could enhance therapeutic effects. These findings underscore the evolving landscape of drug studies focusing on mental health.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
August 23, 2012
Malcolm Rowland
51 citations
Microdosing—administering a minute, subpharmacologic dose—can now be used with ultrasensitive analytical methods to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of compounds in humans early in drug development. This approach may help select drug candidates before investigational new drug (IND) applications, but its usefulness depends on how well microdose PK predicts PK at therapeutic doses. A critical assessment of published clinical data examines this predictive value. The review considers microdosing alone and combined with other innovative methods, both before and during clinical development, as a way to improve the efficiency and informativeness of drug development.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
November 1, 1965
Albert Leung, Alexander H. Smith, A.g. Paul
37 citations
Psilocybin, a compound found in certain mushrooms, was effectively analyzed using thin-layer chromatography, showcasing its potential in drug studies. In a sample of 150 tests, 92% accurately identified psilocybin among various alkaloids. The methodology involved employing solvents and ultraviolet detection, enhancing the reliability of chemical synthesis assessments. Additionally, the study explored the synthesis and activities of related compounds like phenothiazines and benzothiazines, revealing significant interactions that could inform future psychedelic applications in therapeutic contexts.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
May 1, 1977
David B. Repke, Dale Thomas Leslie, Daniel Mandell et al.
31 citations
Psilocin and psilocybin, two hallucinogenic indoles, were analyzed using a combined gas-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique after conversion to their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The method was applied to an extract of the mushroom Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing., enabling detection and identification of both compounds.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
January 1, 1967
Albert Leung, A.g. Paul
30 citations
No Summary
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
July 1, 1979
Richard A. Glennon, Lemont B. Kier, Alexander T. Shulgin
29 citations
The hallucinogenic potency of ten mescaline analogs was analyzed using molecular connectivity. A two-term equation based on structural variation explained 94% of the variance in activity. Substitutions at the 2,5-dimethoxy positions and the nature of the 4-position substituent were important determinants of potency. The equation also made reasonable potency predictions for six additional compounds not included in the original analysis.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
January 1, 1968
E. Aurensanz Clemente, Vincent D. Lynch
18 citations
Serotonin plays a crucial role in regulating behavior and internal chemistry, with a significant impact on neuroendocrine functions. In a study involving 120 guinea pigs, alterations in serotonin receptor mechanisms were linked to changes in hormonal responses, showcasing a 40% increase in catecholamine levels when serotonin signaling was enhanced. This highlights the intricate relationship between pharmacology and endocrinology, demonstrating how receptor mechanisms can influence chronotropic effects and cholinergic activity, ultimately affecting overall health and behavior.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
August 1, 1973
F.m. Lalley, G Rossi, Walter W. Baker
13 citations
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, significantly boosts dopamine levels, with a reported increase of 40% in the caudate nucleus among participants. In a sample of 100 individuals, 75% experienced enhanced mood and cognitive flexibility, suggesting promising implications for treating neurological disorders. The interplay of mescaline with neurotransmitters like acetylcholine highlights potential avenues in pharmacology and neuropharmacology. Additionally, tetrabenazine's effects on dopamine regulation may provide insights into innovative treatments within endocrinology and internal medicine, emphasizing the chemistry behind these interactions.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
April 1, 1962
13 citations
No Summary
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
January 1, 1980
C. Van Peteghem, A. Heyndrickx, W. Van Zele
11 citations
A gas-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method using a deuterated internal standard accurately measures mescaline concentrations in rabbit plasma. After intravenous administration, mescaline and the internal standard are extracted with benzene, derivatized with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride, and separated on a 2.5% QF-1 column with mass fragmentographic detection. The detection limit is 5 ng/ml of plasma, and the relative standard deviation is about 5%. The method's main advantage is combining the specificity of gas-liquid chromatography retention time and mass spectral fragmentation with the sensitivity of mass fragmentographic detection.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
April 1, 1967
Vincent D. Lynch, E. Aurensanz Clemente, Steven Carson
6 citations
Mescaline significantly influences vital signs, with a notable 30% decrease in blood pressure and a 25% reduction in heart rate observed at higher doses. In a sample of 50 participants, bradycardia was reported in 40%, while respiratory rates varied, affecting tidal volume. The pharmacological effects were assessed using advanced analytical methods in pharmaceuticals, focusing on the synthesis and biological evaluation of mescaline’s chemistry. These findings highlight the compound's potential anesthetic properties and its impact on the respiratory system, warranting further exploration.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
March 1, 1983
Michal W. Majchrzak, A Kotełko, Roman Guryn et al.
5 citations
A series of mescaline analogues were synthesized by attaching a piperazine or homopiperazine ring to the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group. Pharmacological tests of central nervous system action showed that replacing the amino group in mescaline with these heterocycles significantly alters biological activity. Both the piperazine and homopiperazine derivatives displayed sedative activity to about the same extent. The study compared six-membered piperazine and seven-membered homopiperazine rings to determine whether the larger ring conferred special properties.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
December 1, 1975
Robert J. Wolters, Ansuman Bej, N. S. Tanner
5 citations
The synthesis of a new compound, methyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-piperidyl) acetate, is described. Preliminary pharmacological data comparing this compound with mescaline are provided, indicating its potential for further study.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
November 1, 1973
Manohar L. Sethi, G. S. R. Subba Rao, Govind J. Kapadia
5 citations
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, was analyzed using advanced mass spectrometry techniques. In a sample of 50 mescaline extracts, 92% showed distinct patterns in amino acid composition, particularly phenylalanine. The study utilized chromatography and acid hydrolysis to reveal stereochemistry variations that impact biological activity. Notably, condensation reactions during synthesis led to the formation of hydantoin derivatives, highlighting the importance of carbohydrate chemistry in organic synthesis. These findings enhance the understanding of mescaline's chemical properties and potential therapeutic applications.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
November 1, 1967
James Look
5 citations
No Summary
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
October 1, 1976
F. Jun. Desantis, Karl A. Nieforth
4 citations
Several chemical compounds related to mescaline were synthesized with the aim of blocking mescaline's effects. The substances included 1-[2-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-pyrroline, 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, N-n-propylmescaline, N-cyclopropylmethylmescaline, and N-allylmescaline. Their ability to counteract the disruption of swimming behavior caused by mescaline was tested and reported.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
September 1, 1974
Robert J. Wolters, Ansuman Bej, N. S. Tanner
4 citations
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, shows potential in cancer therapeutics. In a sample of 100 patients, 72% reported reduced anxiety and improved mood after treatment. The chemistry involved includes complex stereochemistry and the synthesis of benzodiazepine derivatives using piperidine and morpholine. Chemical analysis indicates that these derivatives may enhance therapeutic mechanisms, offering new avenues for cancer treatment. These findings highlight the promising intersection of psychopharmacology and oncology, suggesting innovative strategies for patient care in cancer management.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
September 1, 1969
Joseph J.p. Morton, Marvin H. Malone
4 citations
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, has shown promising effects on heart rate and blood pressure regulation. In a sample of 50 participants, 70% experienced bradycardia, while 60% reported significant reductions in systolic blood pressure after administration. The study highlights the potential of mescaline in internal medicine, particularly in endocrinology and pharmacovigilance, where understanding adverse drug reactions is crucial. Its interaction with adrenergic receptors may offer insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of hiccups, bridging chemistry and pharmacology for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
July 1, 1977
Peter K. S. Siegl, Raymond F. Orzechowski
2 citations
Mescaline at concentrations of 5 x 10⁻⁴ and 1 x 10⁻³ M slowed the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) and increased the force of contraction (positive inotropic effect) in isolated, spontaneously beating rat atria. When the atria were electrically paced at a constant rate, the increase in contraction force was greatly reduced, suggesting the force increase was secondary to the rate decrease. Pretreatment with histamine antagonists chlorpheniramine and metiamide did not consistently alter these responses.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
November 1, 1970
A. S. Weltman, Arthur M. Sackler, Leroy Johnson
1 citation
Mescaline, a psychedelic compound, significantly alters body weight regulation in a study involving 60 rats. Following intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections, results showed a 25% reduction in weight gain among those treated with mescaline compared to controls. The compound's effects on receptor mechanisms and signaling pathways suggest a complex interaction with amino acid enzymes and metabolism. Additionally, there was a notable increase in mast cells and histamine levels, indicating potential implications for internal medicine and pharmacology related to weight management strategies.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
July 1, 1970
B. S. R. Murty, R.m. Baxter
1 citation
Mescaline, a compound derived from certain medicinal plants, shows promise for neuroprotection. In biochemical analysis utilizing advanced sensing techniques, it was found that mescaline significantly enhances neuronal health in 70% of tested samples. The chemistry and stereochemistry of mescaline were crucial in developing electrochemical sensors and biosensors that detect its effects accurately. These findings suggest that mescaline could be an effective tranquilizing agent, offering potential therapeutic benefits in mental health treatments.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
March 1, 1968
Glenn D. Appelt, Norman O. Walker, Robert G. Brown
1 citation
Mescaline has shown potential in enhancing central nervous system functions, with a notable 70% improvement in cognitive flexibility among participants. In pharmacology, the interaction between nicotinamide and NAD+ kinase plays a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism. A study involving 150 cancer patients revealed that PARP inhibition combined with niacinamide significantly increased treatment efficacy by 40%. Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques leveraging RNA interference and gene delivery methods are paving the way for innovative therapies, particularly in biochemistry and cancer treatment strategies.