Experimental Biology and Medicine
January 1, 1958
E. B. Sigg, G. Caprio, J. A. Schneider
78 citations
Reserpine blocks the pain-relieving effects of morphine, meperidine, and codeine in mice. In contrast, several amines including 5-hydroxytryptophane, 5-hydroxytryptamine, tryptamine, amphetamine, mescaline, and epinephrine lengthen and strengthen morphine's analgesic effect, while iproniazid and choline-p-tolyl-ether do not. The authors discuss possible mechanisms for these interactions, focusing on how amines enhance and reserpine opposes morphine analgesia.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
January 1, 1956
E. Costa
64 citations
The tranquilizing drugs Frenquel, chlorpromazine, and reserpine block serotonin-induced contractions in the uterus of spayed rats, without affecting responses to acetylcholine or oxytocin. Reserpine's blocking effect lasts longer than chlorpromazine's, and Frenquel's is shortest. Mescaline enhances serotonin's effects and, at high doses, directly contracts the uterus, an action not blocked by atropine. High concentrations of LSD (1 γ/L) antagonize both serotonin- and mescaline-induced uterine activity, whereas low concentrations (0.05 to 0.2 γ/L) facilitate these effects.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
March 1, 1957
Parkhurst A. Shore, B.b. Brodie
60 citations
In rabbits pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor iproniazid, reserpine administration produces excitation and sympathomimetic effects similar to those from LSD or high doses of 5-hydroxytryptophan. These effects correspond to high concentrations of free serotonin in the brain, supporting the concept that serotonin is normally stored in an inactive form that can act as a neurohumoral agent. Chlorpromazine, but not reserpine, blocks the effects of free serotonin from 5-hydroxytryptophan or the iproniazid-reserpine combination, indicating the two tranquilizers work through different mechanisms.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
January 1, 1961
A. Horita, L. J. Weber
49 citations
The enzyme intestinal phosphatase breaks down psilocybin into psilocin and inorganic phosphate. Psilocin was measured using a colorimetric method and confirmed by paper chromatography. The study describes properties of this enzymatic reaction and considers whether a similar process might occur in living animals.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
April 1, 1961
R. S. de Ropp, E. H. Snedeker
30 citations
Eighteen chemical agents and electroshock were tested for their effects on ten amino acid and related compounds in rat brains. Convulsant agents (pentylenetetrazole, semicarbazide, strychnine, picrotoxin) and excitants (pheniprazine, amphetamine, mescaline) consistently increased free alanine levels. Semicarbazide uniquely lowered GABA levels to 60% of control values, while other convulsants did not. The tranquilizers chlorpromazine and methoxypromazine raised brain glutamine levels. These findings link specific neurochemical changes to the convulsant or tranquilizing actions of the drugs.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
August 1, 1968
K. L. Yielding, H. Sterglanz
23 citations
Adding DNA, but not RNA, to solutions of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) lowered the drug's absorption and fluorescence spectra. The binding affinity between LSD and DNA had a dissociation constant (Kd) of 5 × 10⁻⁴ M, with each nucleotide residue serving as a potential binding site. Binding did not occur at pH 3, where DNA is nonhelical, and was reduced by heating the DNA beforehand or by adding magnesium chloride at 3.7 × 10⁻³ M.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
June 1, 1956
F. M. Sturtevant, Victor A. Drill
15 citations
Mescaline injected into dogs and cats, including directly into the brain's lateral ventricle in cats, first caused acute autonomic effects and then catatonia. Pretreatment with the tranquilizing drugs chlorpromazine, reserpine, and azacyclonol appeared to alter or prevent these responses.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
November 1, 1961
Charles Hamilton, Chester R. Wilpizeski
13 citations
Injection of LSD-25 suppresses food intake in rats, and this effect depends on the dose given. Over ten daily injections, food intake remained suppressed each day, indicating that complete tolerance did not develop. These results suggest caution when interpreting behavioral effects of LSD-25 in experiments where behavior relies on food reinforcement.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
November 1, 1960
John R. Bergen, Donald M. Krus, Gregory Pincus
13 citations
Fifteen steroid hormones and metabolites were tested for their ability to suppress behavior changes induced by LSD-25 in rats. All compounds produced significant suppression except estradiol. The ability to suppress LSD-25 action did not appear to be related to specific molecular groups or to hormonal potency.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
September 1, 1971
S. K. Quadri, J. Meites
7 citations
A single injection of LSD (25, 50, or 100 μg per 100 g of body weight) given to female rats on the morning of proestrus significantly lowered serum prolactin levels and blocked the normal afternoon rise seen in control rats. The highest dose produced a greater decrease than the lowest dose. This effect is similar to that of other ergot drugs.
Experimental Biology and Medicine
July 1, 1958
Nicholas P. Plotnikoff, Helen Washington
7 citations
Chlorpromazine, perphenazine, proclorperazine, promazine, thiopropazate, promethazine, and reserpine effectively block mescaline-induced death in CF1 mice. In contrast, sodium phenobarbital, meprobamate, benactyzine, atropine, hydroxyzine, ethoxybutamoxane, SY-21, diphenylhydantoin, trimethadione, lysergic acid diethylamide, serotonin, amphetamine, morphine, pyrilamine, diphenhydramine, iproniazid, pilocarpine, and arecoline offered no significant protection. The protective effects of the ataractics are suggested to be centrally mediated.